Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
PHP	front	intro	pv9j			0		# Introduction to Philippians<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of the Philippians<br><br>1. Greeting, thanksgiving and prayer (1:1-11)<br>1. Paul’s report on his ministry (1:12-26)<br>1. Instructions<br>- To be steadfast (1:27-30)<br>- To be united (2:1-2)<br>- To be humble (2:3-11)<br>- To work out our salvation with God working in you (2:12-13)<br>- To be innocent and light (2:14-18)<br>1. Timothy and Epaphroditus (2:19-30)<br>1. Warning about false teachers (3:1-4:1)<br>1. Personal instruction (4:2-5)<br>1. Rejoice and do not be anxious (4:4-6)<br>1. Final remarks<br>- Values (4:8-9)<br>- Contentment (4:10-20)<br>- Final Greetings (4:21-23)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book Philippians?<br><br>Paul wrote Philippians. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>Paul wrote this letter while in prison in Rome.<br><br>### What is the Book of Philippians about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to the believers in Philippi, a city in Macedonia. He wrote it to thank the Philippians for the gift they had sent him. He wanted to tell them about how he was doing in prison and to encourage them to rejoice even if they are suffering. He also wrote to them about a man named Epaphroditus. He was the one who brought the gift to Paul. While visiting Paul, Epaphroditus became ill. So, Paul decided to send him back to Philippi. Paul encouraged the believers in Philippi to welcome and to be kind to Epaphroditus when he returns.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Philippians.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Paul’s Letter to the Church in Philippi,” or “A Letter to the Christians in Philippi.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was the city of Philippi like?<br><br>Philip, the father of Alexander the Great, founded Philippi in the region of Macedonia. This meant that the citizens of Philippi were also considered citizens of Rome. The people of Philippi were proud of being citizens of Rome. But Paul told the believers that they are citizens of heaven (3:20).<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Singular and plural “you”<br><br>In this book, the word “I” refers to Paul. The word “you” is almost always plural and refers to the believers in Philippi. The exception to this is 4:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### Who were the “enemies of the cross of Christ” (3:18) in this letter?<br><br>The “enemies of the cross of Christ” were probably people who called themselves believers, but they did not obey God’s commands. They thought that freedom in Christ meant that believers could do whatever they desired and God would not punish them (3:19).<br><br>### Why were the words “joy” and “rejoice” frequently used in this letter?<br><br>Paul was in prison when he wrote this letter (1:7). Even though he suffered, Paul said many times that he was joyful because God had been kind to him through Jesus Christ. He wanted to encourage his readers to have the same trust in Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br><br>### What does Paul mean by the expression “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” etc.?<br><br>This kind of expression occurs in 1:1, 8, 13, 14, 26, 27; 2:1, 5, 19, 24, 29; 3:1, 3, 9, 14; 4:1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 19, 21. Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. See the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.<br><br>### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Philippians?<br><br>* Some versions have “Amen” at the end of the final verse in the letter (4:23). The ULT, UST, and other many modern versions do not. If “Amen” is included, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to the Book of Philippians.<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
PHP	1	intro	kd3g			0		# Philippians 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul includes a prayer in the beginning of this letter. At that time, religious leaders sometimes began informal letters with a prayer.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The day of Christ<br>This probably refers to the day when Christ returns. Paul often connected the return of Christ with motivating godly living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. This statement in verse 21 is a paradox: “to die is gain.” In verse 23 Paul explains why this is true. ([Philippians 1:21](../../php/01/21.md))
PHP	1	1	c255			0	General Information:	Paul and Timothy wrote this letter to the church at Philippi. Because Paul writes later in the letter saying “I,” it is generally assumed that he is the author and that Timothy, who is with him, writes as Paul speaks.
PHP	1	1	law0	figs-you		0	General Information:	All instances of “you” and “your” in the letter refer to the believers in the Philippian church and are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
PHP	1	1	xk9z	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	The word **our** probably refers to all believers in Christ, including Paul, Timothy, and the Philippian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
PHP	1	1	kze2		Παῦλος καὶ Τιμόθεος	1	Paul and Timothy	If your language has a particular way of introducing the authors of a letter, use it here.
PHP	1	1	kx8h		Παῦλος καὶ Τιμόθεος, δοῦλοι Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus	“Timothy, who are servants of Christ Jesus”
PHP	1	1	na5j		πᾶσιν τοῖς ἁγίοις ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	to all the saints in Christ Jesus	This refers to those whom God chose to belong to him by being united to Christ. Alternate translation: “all God’s people in Christ Jesus” or “all those who belong to God because they are united with Christ”
PHP	1	1	im6v		ἐπισκόποις καὶ διακόνοις	1	the overseers and deacons	“the leaders of the church”
PHP	1	3	ntp5		ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ μνείᾳ ὑμῶν	1	in all my remembrance of you	Here **remembrance of you** means when Paul thinks about the Philippians while he is praying. Alternate translation: “every time I think of you”
PHP	1	5	yi9l	figs-metonymy	ἐπὶ τῇ κοινωνίᾳ ὑμῶν εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον	1	because of your fellowship in the gospel	Paul is expressing thanks to God that the Philippians have joined him in teaching people the gospel. He may have been referring to them praying for him and sending money so that he could travel and tell others. Alternate translation: “because you are helping me proclaim the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	1	6	s1l8		πεποιθὼς	1	I have been persuaded	“I am sure”
PHP	1	6	jf4x		ὁ ἐναρξάμενος	1	the one who began	“God, who began”
PHP	1	7	v7yu		ἐστιν δίκαιον ἐμοὶ	1	it is right for me	“it is proper for me” or “it is good for me”
PHP	1	7	fmc6	figs-metonymy	τὸ ἔχειν με ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμᾶς	1	I have you in my heart	Here **heart** is a metonym for a person’s emotions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	1	7	sowf	figs-idiom	τὸ ἔχειν με ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμᾶς	1	I have you in my heart	This idiom expresses strong affection. Alternate translation: “I love you very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PHP	1	7	jn2s		συνκοινωνούς μου τῆς χάριτος…ὄντας	1	being partakers with me of grace	“being partakers of grace with me” or “sharing in grace with me”
PHP	1	8	sf3a		μάρτυς…μου ὁ Θεός	1	God is my witness	“God knows” or “God understands”
PHP	1	8	xun1	figs-idiom	ἐν σπλάγχνοις Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	in the bowels of Christ Jesus	Here, “in the bowels” is an idiom that represents strong emotion. Alternate translation: “very intensely in Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PHP	1	9	v2rw			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul prays for the believers in Philippi and talks about the joy there is in suffering for the Lord.
PHP	1	9	l2jl	figs-metaphor	περισσεύῃ	1	would abound	Paul speaks of love as if it were objects that people could obtain more of. Alternate translation: “may increase” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	1	9	l1cy	figs-explicit	ἐν ἐπιγνώσει καὶ πάσῃ αἰσθήσει	1	in knowledge and all understanding	Here **understanding** refers to understanding about God. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “as you learn and understand more about what pleases God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP	1	10	e17g		δοκιμάζειν	1	may approve	This refers to examining things and taking only those that are good. Alternate translation: “may test and choose”
PHP	1	10	s4ec		τὰ διαφέροντα	1	what excels	“what is most pleasing to God”
PHP	1	10	siv8	figs-doublet	εἰλικρινεῖς καὶ ἀπρόσκοποι	1	pure and blameless	The words **pure** and **blameless** mean basically the same thing. Paul combines them to emphasize moral purity. Alternate translation: “completely blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PHP	1	11	lu5n	figs-metaphor	πεπληρωμένοι καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης τὸν διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	being filled with the fruit of righteousness that is through Jesus Christ	Here, **being filled** with something is a metaphor that represents being characterized by it or by habitually doing it. Possible meanings of **fruit of righteousness** are that (1) it is a metaphor that represents righteous behavior. Alternate translation: “habitually doing what is righteous because Jesus Christ enables you” or (2) it is a metaphor that represents good deeds as a result of being righteous. Alternate translation: “habitually doing good works because Jesus makes you righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	1	11	hwg1		εἰς δόξαν καὶ ἔπαινον Θεοῦ	1	to the glory and praise of God	Possible meanings are (1) “Then other people will see how you honor God” or (2) “Then people will praise and give honor to God because of the good things they see you do.” These alternate translations would require a new sentence.
PHP	1	12	uyc6			0	General Information:	Paul says that two things have happened because of “the progress of the gospel”: many people inside and outside the palace have found out why he is in prison, and other Christians are no longer afraid to proclaim the good news.
PHP	1	12	yrp2		δὲ	1	Now	Here the word **Now** is used to mark a new part of the letter.
PHP	1	12	tu2t		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women, because all believers in Christ are members of one spiritual family, with God as their heavenly Father.
PHP	1	12	zy4g	figs-explicit	ὅτι τὰ κατ’ ἐμὲ	1	that the things concerning me	Paul is talking about his time in prison. Alternate translation: “that the things I suffered because I was put into prison for preaching about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP	1	12	q288		μᾶλλον εἰς προκοπὴν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ἐλήλυθεν	1	have really happened for the advancement of the gospel	“have caused more people to hear the gospel”
PHP	1	13	h1ly	figs-metonymy	τοὺς δεσμούς μου φανεροὺς ἐν Χριστῷ γενέσθαι	1	my chains in Christ became apparent	Here, **chains in Christ** here is a metonym for being in prison for the sake of Christ. Alternate translation: “It became known that I am in prison for the sake of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	1	13	wi6n	figs-activepassive	τοὺς δεσμούς μου φανεροὺς ἐν Χριστῷ γενέσθαι, ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ πραιτωρίῳ καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς πᾶσιν	1	my chains in Christ became apparent among the whole palace guard and all the others	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the palace guards and many other people in Rome came to know that I am in chains for the sake of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP	1	13	f8az		τοὺς δεσμούς μου…ἐν Χριστῷ	1	my chains in Christ	Here Paul uses the preposition **in** to mean “for the sake of.” Alternate translation: “my chains for the sake of Christ” or “my chains because I teach people about Christ”
PHP	1	13	i46j	figs-metonymy	τοὺς δεσμούς μου	1	my chains	Here the word **chains** is a metonym for imprisonment. Alternate translation: “my imprisonment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	1	13	dm1m		πραιτωρίῳ	1	palace guard	This is a group of soldiers that helped protect the Roman emperor.
PHP	1	14	gy47		ἀφόβως τὸν λόγον λαλεῖν	1	fearlessly to speak the word	“to fearlessly speak God’s message”
PHP	1	15	vw1s		τινὲς μὲν καὶ…τὸν Χριστὸν κηρύσσουσιν	1	Some indeed even proclaiming Christ	“Some people are preaching the good news about Christ”
PHP	1	15	f32h		διὰ φθόνον καὶ ἔριν	1	because of envy and strife	“because they do not want people listening to me, and they want to cause trouble”
PHP	1	15	v1sb		τινὲς δὲ καὶ δι’ εὐδοκίαν	1	and also some because of good will	“but other people do it because they are kind and they want to help”
PHP	1	16	qf4p		οἱ	1	the ones	“those who proclaim Christ out of good will”
PHP	1	16	ttr2	figs-activepassive	εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου κεῖμαι	1	I have been appointed for the defense of the gospel	This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “God chose me to defend the gospel” or (2) “I am in prison because I defend the gospel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP	1	16	st7k		εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου	1	for the defense of the gospel	“to teach everyone that the message of Jesus is true”
PHP	1	17	eq7s		οἱ δὲ	1	but the ones	“but the others” or “but the ones who proclaim Christ out of envy and strife”
PHP	1	17	z8ty	figs-metonymy	τοῖς δεσμοῖς μου	1	in my chains	Here, **chains** is a metonym for imprisonment. Alternate translation: “while I am imprisoned” or “while I am in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	1	18	z5ia	figs-rquestion	τί γάρ?	1	What then?	Paul uses this question to introduce how he feels about the situation he wrote about in [Philippians 1:15-17](../01/15.md). Alternate translation: “This is what I think about this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PHP	1	18	gcfh	figs-idiom	τί γάρ?	1	What then?	This may be an idiom that means “It does not matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PHP	1	18	wnn0	figs-ellipsis	τί γάρ?	1	What then?	The words “shall I think about this” are understood as part of the question. Alternate translation: “What then shall I think about this?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PHP	1	18	ah9v		πλὴν ὅτι παντὶ τρόπῳ, εἴτε προφάσει εἴτε ἀληθείᾳ, Χριστὸς καταγγέλλεται	1	Only that in every way—whether in pretext or in truth—Christ is proclaimed	“As long as people preach about Christ, it does not matter if they do it for good reasons or for bad reasons”
PHP	1	18	c8tr		ἐν τούτῳ χαίρω	1	in this I rejoice	“I am happy because people are preaching about Jesus”
PHP	1	18	cf58		χαρήσομαι	1	I will rejoice	“I will celebrate” or “I will be glad”
PHP	1	19	qp81		τοῦτό μοι ἀποβήσεται εἰς σωτηρίαν	1	this will result to me in deliverance	“because people proclaim Christ, God will deliver me”
PHP	1	19	h9hf	figs-abstractnouns	μοι…εἰς σωτηρίαν	1	to me in deliverance	The word **deliverance** is an abstract noun that refers to one person bringing another person to a safe place. You may have to specify that it is God whom Paul expects to deliver him. Alternate translation: “in my being brought to a safe place” or “in God bringing me to a safe place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP	1	19	x3fs		διὰ τῆς ὑμῶν δεήσεως, καὶ ἐπιχορηγίας τοῦ Πνεύματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	through your prayers and the provision of the Spirit of Jesus Christ	“because you are praying and the Spirit of Jesus Christ is helping me”
PHP	1	19	c48j		τοῦ Πνεύματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	of the Spirit of Jesus Christ	“of the Holy Spirit”
PHP	1	20	fh48	figs-doublet	κατὰ τὴν ἀποκαραδοκίαν καὶ ἐλπίδα μου	1	according to my eager expectation and hope	Here the words **expectation** and **hope** mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how strong his expectation is. Alternate translation: “I eagerly and confidently hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PHP	1	20	tk7l		ἀλλ’ ἐν πάσῃ παρρησίᾳ	1	but in everything have boldness	This is part of Paul’s expectation and hope. Alternate translation: “but that I will be very bold”
PHP	1	20	jz1z	figs-metonymy	μεγαλυνθήσεται Χριστὸς ἐν τῷ σώματί μου	1	Christ will be exalted in my body	The phrase **my body** is a metonym for what Paul does with his body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	1	20	t8z9	figs-activepassive	μεγαλυνθήσεται Χριστὸς ἐν τῷ σώματί μου	1	Christ will be exalted in my body	This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “I will honor Christ by what I do” or (2) “people will praise Christ because of what I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP	1	20	y78k		εἴτε διὰ ζωῆς εἴτε διὰ θανάτου	1	whether through life or through death	“whether I live or die” or “if I go on living or if I die”
PHP	1	21	p9b7		ἐμοὶ γὰρ	1	For to me	These words are emphatic. They indicate that this is Paul’s personal experience.
PHP	1	21	sxt5	figs-metaphor	τὸ ζῆν Χριστὸς	1	to live is Christ	Here pleasing and serving **Christ** is spoken of as Paul’s only purpose for living. Alternate translation: “to go on living is an opportunity to please Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	1	21	n3jd	figs-metaphor	τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος	1	to die is gain	Here death is spoken of as **gain**. Possible meanings for **gain** are (1) Paul’s death will help spread the message of the gospel or (2) Paul will be in a better situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	1	22	a21c	figs-metonymy	εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί	1	But if to live in the flesh	The word **flesh** here is a metonym for the body, and “living in the flesh” is a metonym for being alive. Alternate translation: “But if I am to remain alive in my body” or “But if I continue to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	1	22	mwl6	figs-metaphor	τοῦτό μοι καρπὸς ἔργου	1	this is fruitful labor for me	The word **fruitful** here refers to the good results of Paul’s work. Alternate translation: “that means I will be able to work and my work will produce good results” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	1	23	tq29	figs-metaphor	συνέχομαι δὲ ἐκ τῶν δύο	1	But I am hard pressed between the two	Paul speaks of how hard it is for him to choose between living and dying as if two heavy objects, like rocks or logs, were pushing on him from opposite sides at the same time. Your language might prefer the objects to pull rather than push. Alternate translation: “I am under tension. I do not know if I should choose to live or to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	1	23	f7qg	figs-euphemism	τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἔχων εἰς τὸ ἀναλῦσαι καὶ σὺν Χριστῷ εἶναι	1	having the desire to depart and to be with Christ	Paul here uses **to depart** as a euphemism to show that he is not afraid of dying. Alternate translation: “I would like to die because I will go to be with Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PHP	1	25	bu8d		τοῦτο πεποιθὼς	1	having been persuaded of this	“being sure that it is better for you that I stay alive”
PHP	1	25	kmp4		οἶδα ὅτι μενῶ	1	I know that I will remain	“I know that I will continue to live” or “I know that I will keep on living”
PHP	1	26	i9cl		ἵνα…ἐν ἐμοὶ	1	so that in me	“so that because of me” or “so that because of what I do”
PHP	1	27	cd3b	figs-parallelism	ὅτι στήκετε ἐν ἑνὶ πνεύματι, μιᾷ ψυχῇ συναθλοῦντες τῇ πίστει τοῦ εὐαγγελίου	1	that you are standing firm in one spirit, with one soul striving together for the faith of the gospel	The phrases “standing firm in one spirit” and “with one soul striving together” share similar meanings and emphasize the importance of unity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PHP	1	27	jey6	figs-metaphor	μιᾷ ψυχῇ συναθλοῦντες	1	with one soul striving together	Agreeing with one another is spoken of as having one soul. Alternate translation: “agreeing with one another and striving together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	1	27	ej2s		συναθλοῦντες	1	striving together	“working hard together”
PHP	1	27	ya3h		τῇ πίστει τοῦ εὐαγγελίου	1	for the faith of the gospel	Possible meanings are (1) “to spread the faith that is based on the gospel” or (2) “to believe and live as the gospel teaches us”
PHP	1	28	i9yt	figs-you	μὴ πτυρόμενοι ἐν μηδενὶ	1	do not be frightened in anything	This is a command to the Philippian believers. If your language has a plural command form, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
PHP	1	28	l495		ἥτις ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς ἔνδειξις ἀπωλείας, ὑμῶν δὲ σωτηρίας, καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ Θεοῦ	1	This is a sign to them of their destruction, but of your salvation—and this from God	“Your courage will show them that God will destroy them. It will also show you that God will save you”
PHP	1	28	nb4b		καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ Θεοῦ	1	and this from God	“and this is from God.” Possible meanings are The word **this** refers to (1) the believers’ courage or (2) the sign or (3) destruction and salvation.
PHP	1	30	x4z3		τὸν αὐτὸν ἀγῶνα ἔχοντες, οἷον εἴδετε ἐν ἐμοὶ, καὶ νῦν ἀκούετε ἐν ἐμοί	1	having the same struggle which you saw in me, and now you hear in me	“suffering in the same way that you saw me suffer, and that you hear I am still suffering”
PHP	2	intro	ixw8			0		# Philippians 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations, like the ULT, set apart the lines of verses 6-11. These verses describe the example of Christ. They teach important truths about the person of Jesus.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Practical instructions<br>In this chapter Paul gives many practical instructions to the church in Philippi.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “If there is any”<br>This appears to be a type of hypothetical statement. However, it is not a hypothetical statement, because it expresses something that is true. The translator may also translate this phrase as “Since there is.”
PHP	2	1	xye5			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul advises the believers to have unity and humility and reminds them of Christ’s example.
PHP	2	1	b1q7		εἴ τις…παράκλησις ἐν Χριστῷ	1	If there is any encouragement in Christ	“if Christ has encouraged you” or “if you are encouraged because of Christ”
PHP	2	1	k1b2		εἴ τι παραμύθιον ἀγάπης	1	if any comfort of love	The phrase **of love** probably refers to Christ’s love for the Philippians. Alternate translation: “if his love has given you any comfort” or “if his love for you has comforted you in any way”
PHP	2	1	m84k		εἴ τις κοινωνία Πνεύματος	1	if any fellowship of the Spirit	“if you have fellowship with the Spirit”
PHP	2	1	l2px		εἴ τις σπλάγχνα καὶ οἰκτιρμοί	1	if any affections and compassions	“if you have experienced any of God’s acts of tender mercy and compassion”
PHP	2	2	jxq2	figs-metaphor	πληρώσατέ μου τὴν χαρὰν	1	fulfill my joy	Paul speaks here of **joy** as if it were a task that can be completed. Alternate translation: “cause me to rejoice greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	2	3	y1le		μηδὲν κατ’ ἐριθείαν μηδὲ κατὰ κενοδοξίαν	1	Do nothing according to selfishness nor according to empty conceit	“Do not serve yourselves or think of yourselves as better than others”
PHP	2	4	ezk6		μὴ τὰ ἑαυτῶν ἕκαστος σκοποῦντες, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ ἑτέρων ἕκαστοι	1	each one not considering the things of himself, but also the things of each other	“not caring only about what you need, but also about what others need”
PHP	2	5	rh98		τοῦτο φρονεῖτε ἐν ὑμῖν, ὃ καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	Have this attitude in you which also was in Christ Jesus	“Have the same attitude that Christ Jesus had” or “Think about one another the way Christ Jesus thought of people”
PHP	2	6	hs4q		ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὑπάρχων	1	existing in the form of God	“even though everything that is true of God was true of him”
PHP	2	6	els2	figs-metaphor	οὐχ ἁρπαγμὸν ἡγήσατο τὸ εἶναι ἴσα Θεῷ	1	did not consider that to be equal with God was something to forcibly grasp	Here to be **equal** refers to “equal status” or “equal honor.” Holding onto equality with God represents demanding that he continue to be honored as God is honored. Christ did not do that. Though he did not cease to be God, he ceased to act as God. Alternate translation: “did not think that he had to have the same status as God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	2	7	yu25	figs-metaphor	ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν	1	he emptied himself	Paul speaks of Christ as if he were a container in order to say that Christ refused to act with his divine powers during his ministry on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	2	7	tc8n		ἐν ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων	1	in the likeness of men	“a human being”
PHP	2	8	t8a6	figs-metaphor	γενόμενος ὑπήκοος μέχρι θανάτου	1	having become obedient to the point of death	Paul speaks of death here in a figurative way. The translator can understand **to the point of death** either as a metaphor of location (Christ went all the way to death) or as a metaphor of time (Christ was obedient even until the time that he died). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	2	8	hi57		θανάτου δὲ σταυροῦ	1	even death on a cross	“even to dying on a cross”
PHP	2	9	mvb7	figs-metonymy	τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα	1	the name that is above every name	Here **name** is a metonym that refers to rank or honor. Alternate translation: “the rank that is above any other rank” or “the honor that is above any other honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	2	9	qsy9	figs-metaphor	ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα	1	above every name	The name is more important, more to be praised than any other name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	2	10	tk45	figs-synecdoche	ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ, πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ	1	at the name of Jesus every knee would bend	Here **knee** is a synecdoche for the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PHP	2	10	xz1u	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ, πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ	1	at the name of Jesus every knee would bend	Here bending the knee to kneel on the ground is a metonym for worship. **In the name of** here is a metonym for the person, telling who it is they will worship. Alternate translation: “every person will worship Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	2	10	kfb4		καταχθονίων	1	under the earth	Possible meanings are (1) the place where people go when they die or (2) the place where demons dwell.
PHP	2	11	xy4f	figs-synecdoche	πᾶσα γλῶσσα	1	every tongue	Here **tongue** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “every person” or “every being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PHP	2	11	mr2i	figs-metaphor	εἰς δόξαν Θεοῦ Πατρὸς	1	to the glory of God the Father	Here the word **to** expresses result: “with the result that they will praise God the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	2	12	jnp3			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul encourages the Philippian believers and shows them how to live the Christian life before others and reminds them of his example.
PHP	2	12	e359		ἀγαπητοί μου	1	my beloved	“my dear fellow believers”
PHP	2	12	c1ix		ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ μου	1	in my presence	“when I am there with you”
PHP	2	12	u5ng		ἐν τῇ ἀπουσίᾳ μου	1	in my absence	“when I am not there with you”
PHP	2	12	j897	figs-abstractnouns	μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν κατεργάζεσθε	1	work out your own salvation with fear and trembling	The abstract noun **salvation** can be expressed with a phrase about God saving people. Alternate translation: “with fear and trembling, continue to work hard to do what is proper for those whom God saves” or “with awe and reverence for God, work hard to do the good things that show that he has saved you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP	2	12	cm1s	figs-doublet	μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου	1	with fear and trembling	Paul uses The words **fear** and **trembling** together to show the attitude of reverence that people should have for God. Alternate translation: “trembling with fear” or “with deep reverence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PHP	2	13	m6b8		καὶ τὸ θέλειν, καὶ τὸ ἐνεργεῖν, ὑπὲρ τῆς εὐδοκίας	1	both to will and to work for his good pleasure	“so that you will want to do what pleases him and will be able to do what pleases him”
PHP	2	15	z2lz	figs-doublet	ἄμεμπτοι καὶ ἀκέραιοι	1	blameless and pure	The words **blameless** and **pure** are very similar in meaning and are used together to strenghten the idea. Alternate translation: “completely innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PHP	2	15	p71u	figs-metaphor	φαίνεσθε ὡς φωστῆρες ἐν κόσμῳ	1	you may shine as lights in the world	Light represents goodness and truth. To **shine as lights in the world** represents living in a good and righteous way so that people in the world can see that God is good and true. Alternate translation: “you will be examples of goodness and truth in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	2	15	jb7y	figs-doublet	μέσον γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς καὶ διεστραμμένης…ἐν κόσμῳ	1	in the world, in the middle of a crooked and depraved generation	Here the word **world** refers to the people of the world. The words **crooked** and **depraved** are used together to emphasize that the people are very sinful. Alternate translation: “in the world, among people who are very sinful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PHP	2	16	u3qb	figs-metaphor	λόγον ζωῆς ἐπέχοντες	1	holding forth the word of life	Here, “holding forth” represents firmly believing. Alternate translation: “continuing to firmly believe the word of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	2	16	eq86		λόγον ζωῆς	1	the word of life	“the message that brings life” or “the message that shows how to live the way God wants you to”
PHP	2	16	q7y8		εἰς ἡμέραν Χριστοῦ	1	on the day of Christ	This refers to when Jesus comes back to set up his kingdom and rule over the earth. Alternate translation: “when Christ returns”
PHP	2	16	m5aq	figs-parallelism	οὐκ εἰς κενὸν ἔδραμον, οὐδὲ εἰς κενὸν ἐκοπίασα	1	I did not run in vain or labor in vain	The phrases **run in vain** and **labor in vain** here mean the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how hard he has worked to help people believe in Christ. Alternate translation: “I did not work so hard for nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PHP	2	16	m1z7	figs-metaphor	ἔδραμον	1	I did … run	The scriptures often use the image of walking to represent conducting one’s life. To **run** is to live life intensively. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	2	17	bky1	figs-metaphor	ἀλλ’ εἰ καὶ σπένδομαι ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ καὶ λειτουργίᾳ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν, χαίρω καὶ συνχαίρω πᾶσιν ὑμῖν	1	But even if I am being poured out as an offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I am glad and rejoice with you all	Paul speaks of his death as if he were a drink **offering** which is **poured out** upon the animal **sacrifice** to honor God. What Paul means is that he would gladly die for the Philippians if that would make them more pleasing to God. Alternate translation: “But, even if the Romans kill me and it is as if my blood pours out as an offering, I will be glad and rejoice with you all if my death will make your faith and obedience more pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	2	19	dr9c			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul tells the Philippian believers about his plan to send Timothy soon and that they should treat Epaphroditus as special.
PHP	2	19	gml9		ἐλπίζω δὲ ἐν Κυρίῳ Ἰησοῦ	1	But I hope in the Lord Jesus	“But I confidently expect the Lord Jesus to allow me”
PHP	2	20	d9mw		οὐδένα γὰρ ἔχω ἰσόψυχον	1	For I have no one like-minded	“For no one else here loves you as much as he does”
PHP	2	21	b922		οἱ πάντες γὰρ	1	For they all	Here the word **they** refers to a group of people Paul does not feel he can trust to send to Philippi. Paul is also expressing his displeasure with the group, who should have been able to go, but Paul does not trust them to fulfill their mission.
PHP	2	22	gm8i	figs-simile	ὡς πατρὶ τέκνον, σὺν ἐμοὶ ἐδούλευσεν	1	as a child with his father, he served with me	Fathers and sons love each other and work together. Timothy was not really Paul’s **child**, but he worked with Paul as a son works **with his father**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PHP	2	22	xdn5	figs-metonymy	εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον	1	in the gospel	Here **the gospel** stands for the activity of telling people about Jesus. Alternate translation: “in telling people about the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	2	24	yn62		πέποιθα…ἐν Κυρίῳ, ὅτι καὶ αὐτὸς ταχέως ἐλεύσομαι	1	I am confident in the Lord that I myself will also come soon	“I am sure, if it is the Lord’s will, that I will also come soon”
PHP	2	25	k4wz	translate-names	Ἐπαφρόδιτον	1	Epaphroditus	This is the name of a man sent by the Philippian church to minister to Paul in prison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PHP	2	25	c3ce	figs-metaphor	συνεργὸν καὶ συνστρατιώτην	1	fellow worker and fellow soldier	Here Paul is speaking of Epaphroditus as if he were a **soldier**. He means that Epaphroditus is trained and is dedicated to serving God, no matter how great the hardship he must suffer. Alternate translation: “fellow believer who works and struggles along with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	2	25	qsd6		ὑμῶν…ἀπόστολον καὶ λειτουργὸν τῆς χρείας μου	1	your messenger and minister for my needs	“who brings your messages to me and helps me when I am in need”
PHP	2	26	gxn9		ἐπιποθῶν ἦν πάντας ὑμᾶς, καὶ ἀδημονῶν	1	he is longing to be with you all and he is distressed	“he wanted to be with you all and is very worried”
PHP	2	27	itx2	figs-explicit	λύπην ἐπὶ λύπην	1	sorrow upon sorrow	The cause of the **sorrow** can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the sorrow of losing him added to the sorrow I already have from being in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP	2	28	y5gc		κἀγὼ ἀλυπότερος ὦ	1	and I might be free from pain	“I will be less anxious” or “I will not worry as much as I have been”
PHP	2	29	y95x		προσδέχεσθε οὖν αὐτὸν	1	Therefore welcome him	“Therefore, gladly receive Epaphroditus”
PHP	2	29	qx14		ἐν Κυρίῳ μετὰ πάσης χαρᾶς	1	in the Lord with all joy	“as a fellow believer in the Lord with all joy” or “with the great joy we have because the Lord Jesus loves us”
PHP	2	30	ns1y	figs-metaphor	μέχρι θανάτου ἤγγισεν	1	that he came near even to death	Paul here speaks of **death** as if it were a place that one could go to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	2	30	g98z	figs-metaphor	ἀναπληρώσῃ τὸ ὑμῶν ὑστέρημα, τῆς πρός με λειτουργίας	1	he might make up your lack of service to me	Paul speaks of his needs as if they were a container that Epaphroditus filled with good things for Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	3	intro	btx3			0		# Philippians 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In verses 4-8, Paul lists how he qualifies for being considered a righteous Jew. In every way, Paul was an exemplary Jew. But he contrasts this with the greatness of knowing Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Dogs<br>The people of the ancient Near East used dogs as an image to refer to people in a negative way. Not all cultures use the term “dogs” in this way.<br><br>### Resurrected Bodies<br>We know very little about what people will be like in heaven. Paul teaches here that Christians will have some kind of glorious body and will be free from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Prize<br>Paul uses an extended illustration to describe the Christian life. The goal of the Christian life is attempting to grow to be like Christ until a person dies. We can never achieve this goal perfectly, but we must strive for it.
PHP	3	1	e79h			0	Connecting Statement:	In order to warn his fellow believers about Jews who would try to get them to follow the old laws, Paul gives his own testimony about when he persecuted believers.
PHP	3	1	s3bx		τὸ λοιπόν, ἀδελφοί μου	1	As to the rest, my brothers	“Now moving along, my brothers” or “Concerning other matters, my brothers”
PHP	3	1	zu9l		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md).
PHP	3	1	ymm2		χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	rejoice in the Lord	“be happy because of all the Lord has done”
PHP	3	1	q4pt		τὰ αὐτὰ γράφειν ὑμῖν, ἐμοὶ μὲν οὐκ ὀκνηρόν	1	For me to write these same things to you is no trouble	“It is no trouble for me to write these things again to you”
PHP	3	1	qb78	figs-explicit	ὑμῖν δὲ ἀσφαλές	1	and is a safeguard for you	You can state explicitly how writing these things is a **safeguard** for the Philippians. Alternate translation: “because these teachings will protect you from those who teach what is not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP	3	2	ny6y		βλέπετε	1	Beware	“Watch out for” or “Look out for”
PHP	3	2	zin8		τοὺς κύνας…τοὺς κακοὺς ἐργάτας…τὴν κατατομήν	1	the dogs…the evil workers…the mutilation	These are three different ways of describing the same group of false teachers. Paul is using strong expressions to convey his feeling about these Jewish Christian teachers.
PHP	3	2	yr9n	figs-irony	τοὺς κύνας	1	the dogs	The word **dogs** was used by the Jews to refer to those who were not Jews. Paul reverses this and calls the Jews “dogs.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
PHP	3	2	yeax	figs-metaphor	τοὺς κύνας	1	the dogs	Paul speaks of the false teachers as though they were **dogs**, to insult them, because dogs were unclean. If you have a different animal in your culture that is considered unclean or whose name is used as an insult, you could use this animal instead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	3	2	cka6	figs-hyperbole	τὴν κατατομήν	1	the mutilation	Paul is exaggerating about the act of circumcision to insult the false teachers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
PHP	3	2	x8r2	figs-metonymy	τὴν κατατομήν	1	the mutilation	Here, **mutilation** refers to the people who were circumcized, and represents the Jews who were all circumcized. The false teachers said God will only save a person who is circumcised, who cuts off the foreskin. This action was required by the law of Moses for all male Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	3	3	y8yt	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς γάρ ἐσμεν	1	For we are	Paul uses “we” to refer to himself and all true believers in Christ, including the Philippian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
PHP	3	3	xt5r		ἡ περιτομή	1	the circumcision	Paul uses this phrase to refer to believers in Christ who are not physically circumcised but are spiritually circumcised, which means they have received the Holy Spirit through faith. Alternate translation: “the truly circumcised ones” or “truly God’s people”
PHP	3	3	k8ph		οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες	1	having no confidence in the flesh	“not trusting that only cutting our flesh will please God”
PHP	3	4	e346	figs-hypo	καίπερ	1	although	“although if I wanted to.” Paul is introducing a hypothetical situation that could not possibly exist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
PHP	3	4	upw5	figs-hypo	ἐγὼ ἔχων πεποίθησιν καὶ ἐν σαρκί. εἴ τις δοκεῖ ἄλλος πεποιθέναι ἐν σαρκί, ἐγὼ μᾶλλον	1	I myself, have confidence even in the flesh. If anyone else thinks to have confidence in the flesh, I have more	This is a hypothetical situation that Paul does not believe is possible. Paul says if it were possible that God would save people based on what they did, then God would certainly have saved him. Alternate translation: “no one can do enough things to please God, but if anyone could do enough things to please God, I could do more good things and please God more than anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
PHP	3	4	u4f1	figs-rpronouns	ἐγὼ	1	I myself	Paul uses **myself** for emphasis. Alternate translation: “certainly I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
PHP	3	5	yq98		περιτομῇ	1	circumcision	“I received circumcision” or “a priest circumcised me”
PHP	3	5	am85		ὀκταήμερος	1	on the eighth day	“seven days after I was born”
PHP	3	5	p4ik		Ἑβραῖος ἐξ Ἑβραίων	1	a Hebrew of Hebrews	Possible meanings are (1) “a Hebrew son with Hebrew parents” or (2) “the purest Hebrew.”
PHP	3	5	we4t		κατὰ νόμον Φαρισαῖος	1	according to the law, a Pharisee	The Pharisees were committed to obeying all of the law. Being a Pharisee showed that Paul was committed to obeying all of the law. Alternate translation: “as a Pharisee, I was committed to obeying all of the law”
PHP	3	6	ksr3		κατὰ ζῆλος διώκων τὴν ἐκκλησίαν	1	according to zeal, persecuting the church	Paul’s zeal was his enthusiasm for honoring God. He believed that by persecuting the church he proved how zealous he was for God. Alternate translation: “having so much zeal for God that I persecuted the church” or “wanting so much to honor God, I persecuted the church”
PHP	3	6	n51b		διώκων τὴν ἐκκλησίαν	1	persecuting the church	“attacking Christians”
PHP	3	6	hln8		κατὰ δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐν νόμῳ γενόμενος ἄμεμπτος	1	according to righteousness that is under the law, I was blameless	The phrase **righteousness that is under the law** refers to being righteous by obeying the law. Paul obeyed the law so carefully that he believed that no one could find any part of it that he disobeyed. Alternate Translation: “being so righteous by obeying the law that I was blameless”
PHP	3	7	n4lg	figs-metaphor	ἅτινα ἦν μοι κέρδη	1	Whatever was a profit for me	Paul is referring here to the praise he received for being an eager Pharisee. He speaks of this praise as if he had viewed it in the past as a businessman’s profit. Alternate translation: “Anything that other Jews praised me for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	3	7	lb8f		κέρδη…ζημίαν	1	a profit … loss	These are common business terms. If many people in your culture do not understand formal business terms, you could translate these terms as “things that made my life better” and “things that made my life worse.”
PHP	3	7	y1sg	figs-metaphor	ταῦτα ἥγημαι…ζημίαν	1	I consider this loss	Paul speaks of that praise as if he were now viewing it as a business **loss** instead of a profit. In other words, Paul says that all his religious acts of righteousness are worthless before Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	3	8	e1fp	figs-metaphor	καὶ ἡγοῦμαι πάντα ζημίαν εἶναι	1	I consider even all things to be loss	Paul is continuing the business metaphor from [Philippians 3:7](../03/07.md), saying it is worthless to trust in anything other than Christ. Alternate translation: “I consider everything to be worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	3	8	cv55		διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου	1	because of the surpassing value of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord	“because knowing Christ Jesus my Lord is worth so much more”
PHP	3	8	afs4		ἵνα Χριστὸν κερδήσω	1	so that I might gain Christ	“so that I may have only Christ”
PHP	3	9	iy4k	figs-idiom	εὑρεθῶ ἐν αὐτῷ	1	be found in him	The phrase **be found** is an idiom that emphasizes the idea of “to be.” Alternate translation: “be truly united with Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PHP	3	9	g9a9		μὴ ἔχων ἐμὴν δικαιοσύνην, τὴν ἐκ νόμου	1	not having my own righteousness that is from the law	Paul knows that he cannot become righteous by obeying the law.
PHP	3	9	qw6g		ἀλλὰ τὴν διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ	1	but that is through faith in Christ	The word **that** refers to righteousness. Paul knows that he can become righteous only by believing in Christ. Alternate translation: “but having the righteousness that comes by believing in Christ”
PHP	3	10	vj4s		τὴν δύναμιν τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ	1	the power of his resurrection	“his power that gives us life”
PHP	3	10	xm68		κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ	1	the fellowship of his sufferings	“what it is like to suffer as he suffered” or “what it is like to participate in suffering with him”
PHP	3	10	xw42	figs-metonymy	συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ	1	being conformed to his death	Possible meanings are (1) Paul wants to be like Christ by dying as Christ died or (2) Paul wants his desire to sin to become as dead as Jesus was before he was raised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	3	11	l4rm		εἴ πως καταντήσω εἰς τὴν ἐξανάστασιν τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	if somehow I might attain to the resurrection that is from the dead	The word **somehow** means Paul does not know what is going to happen to him in this life, but whatever happens, it will result in eternal life. Alternate translation: “so that, no matter what happens to me now, I will come back to life after I die”
PHP	3	12	xk5q			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul urges the believers at Philippi to follow his present example because of heaven and the new bodies that wait for believers. He speaks of how he works as hard as he can to be like Christ, knowing that God will allow him to live forever in heaven, as if he were a runner racing for the finish line.
PHP	3	12	ms3v		ἤδη ἔλαβον	1	I have already received it	These include knowing Christ, knowing the power of his resurrection, sharing in Christ’s suffering, and being united with Christ in his death and resurrection ([Philippians 3:8-11](./08.md)).
PHP	3	12	h8p7		ἢ ἤδη τετελείωμαι	1	or have already been made perfect	“or am already perfect” or “or am already fully mature”
PHP	3	12	i5ld		διώκω δὲ	1	but pursuing it	“but I keep trying”
PHP	3	12	m52v	figs-activepassive	καταλάβω, ἐφ’ ᾧ καὶ κατελήμφθην ὑπὸ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	to grasp that for which I was also grasped by Christ Jesus	This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “to grasp the things for which Christ Jesus grasped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP	3	12	fr9q	figs-metaphor	καταλάβω, ἐφ’ ᾧ καὶ κατελήμφθην ὑπὸ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	to grasp that for which I was also grasped by Christ Jesus	Receiving spiritual things from Christ is spoken of as if Paul could grasp them with his hands. And, **Jesus** choosing Paul to belong to him is spoken of as if Jesus **grasped** Paul with his hands. Alternate translation: “I may receive these things because that is why Jesus claimed me as his own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	3	13	tzg8		ἀδελφοί	1	Brothers	See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md).
PHP	3	13	kqk7	figs-metaphor	ἐγὼ ἐμαυτὸν οὐ λογίζομαι κατειληφέναι	1	I do not consider myself to have grasped it	Receiving spiritual things from Christ is spoken of as if Paul could grasp them with his hands. Alternate translation: “I do not consider that all these things belong to me yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	3	13	ia2b	figs-metaphor	τὰ μὲν ὀπίσω ἐπιλανθανόμενος, τοῖς δὲ ἔμπροσθεν ἐπεκτεινόμενος	1	forgetting what is behind and straining for what is ahead	Like a runner in a race is no longer concerned about the part of the race that is completed but only focuses on what is **ahead**, Paul speaks of setting aside his religious works of righteousness and only focusing on the race of life that Christ has set before him to complete. Alternate translation: “not caring what I have done in the past; I only work as hard as I can on what is ahead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	3	14	z39s	figs-metaphor	κατὰ σκοπὸν διώκω εἰς τὸ βραβεῖον τῆς ἄνω κλήσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	I press on toward the goal to the prize of the upward calling of God in Christ Jesus	As a runner presses onward to win the race and a **prize**, Paul presses onward in serving and living in obedience to **Christ**. Alternate translation: “I do all I can to be like Christ, like a runner racing to the finish line, so that I may belong to him, and God may call me to himself after I die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	3	14	lmr6	figs-metaphor	τῆς ἄνω κλήσεως	1	of the upward calling	Possible meanings are that Paul speaks of living eternally with God as if God were to call Paul to ascend (1) to heaven as Jesus did or (2) the steps to the podium where winners of races received prizes, as a metaphor for meeting God face to face and receiving eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	3	15	de4y		ὅσοι…τέλειοι, τοῦτο φρονῶμεν	1	as many as are perfect should think this way	Paul wants his fellow believers to have the same desires he listed in [Philippians 3:8-11](./08.md). Alternate translation: “I encourage all of us believers who are strong in the faith to think the same way”
PHP	3	15	yy22		καὶ τοῦτο ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῖν ἀποκαλύψει	1	God will also reveal that to you	“God will also make it clear to you” or “God will make sure you know it”
PHP	3	16	pxn9	figs-exclusive	εἰς ὃ ἐφθάσαμεν, τῷ αὐτῷ στοιχεῖν	1	in what we have attained, we should live in it	Paul uses **we** to include the Philippian believers. Alternate translation: “let us all continue obeying the same truth we have already received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
PHP	3	17	jed4		συνμιμηταί μου γίνεσθε	1	Become imitators of me	“Do what I do” or “Live as I live”
PHP	3	17	uxc5		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md).
PHP	3	17	h4tv		τοὺς οὕτω περιπατοῦντας, καθὼς ἔχετε τύπον ἡμᾶς	1	those who are thus walking, just as you have us as an example	“those who already are living just as I live” or “those who already are doing what I do”
PHP	3	18	ab61		πολλοὶ…περιπατοῦσιν…τοὺς ἐχθροὺς τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	many are walking … as enemies of the cross of Christ	These words are Paul’s main thought for this verse.
PHP	3	18	kr19	figs-metaphor	πολλοὶ…περιπατοῦσιν	1	many are walking	A person’s behavior is spoken of as if that person were **walking** along a path. Alternate translation: “Many are living” or “Many are conducting their lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	3	18	x2lu		οὓς πολλάκις ἔλεγον ὑμῖν, νῦν δὲ καὶ κλαίων, λέγω	1	about whom I have often told you, but now even weeping, I say	Paul interrupts his main thought with these words that describe the “many.” You can move them to the beginning or end of the verse if you need to.
PHP	3	18	zwp3		πολλάκις ἔλεγον ὑμῖν	1	I have often told you	“I have told you many times”
PHP	3	18	h6pc		κλαίων, λέγω	1	weeping, I say	“telling you with great sadness”
PHP	3	18	n8q2	figs-metonymy	τοὺς ἐχθροὺς τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	as enemies of the cross of Christ	Here **the cross of Christ** refers to Christ’s suffering and death. The **enemies** are those who say they believe in Jesus but are not willing to suffer or die like Jesus did. Alternate translation: “in a way that shows they are actually against Jesus, who was willing to suffer and die on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	3	19	v8gv		ὧν τὸ τέλος ἀπώλεια	1	whose end is destruction	“but someday God will destroy them.” The last thing that happens to them is that God will destroy them.
PHP	3	19	hn9i	figs-metaphor	ὧν ὁ Θεὸς ἡ κοιλία	1	whose god is their belly	Here **belly** refers to a person’s desires for physical pleasure. Calling it their **god** means that they want these pleasures more than they want to obey God. Alternate translation: “they desire food and other physical pleasures more than they desire to obey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	3	19	u9cl	figs-metonymy	ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν	1	their glory is in their shame	Here **shame** stands for the actions that the people should be ashamed about but are not. Alternate translation: “they are proud of the things that should cause them shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	3	19	sv5z	figs-metonymy	οἱ τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονοῦντες	1	who are thinking about earthly things	Here **earthly** refers to everything that gives physical pleasure and does not honor God. Alternate translation: “All they think about is what will please themselves rather than what will please God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	3	20	q1cc	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	By Paul’s use of “our” and “we” here, he includes himself and the believers in Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
PHP	3	20	n2lh		ἡμῶν…τὸ πολίτευμα ἐν οὐρανοῖς ὑπάρχει	1	our citizenship is in heaven	Possible meanings are (1) “we are citizens of heaven” or (2) “our homeland is heaven” or (3) “our true home is heaven.”
PHP	3	21	eye2		ὃς μετασχηματίσει τὸ σῶμα τῆς ταπεινώσεως ἡμῶν	1	who will transform our lowly body	“who will change our weak, earthly body”
PHP	3	21	b2bc		σύμμορφον τῷ σώματι τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ	1	to confirmity to his glorious body	“into a body like his glorious body”
PHP	3	21	qz6p	figs-activepassive	τῷ σώματι…κατὰ τὴν ἐνέργειαν τοῦ δύνασθαι αὐτὸν, καὶ ὑποτάξαι αὑτῷ τὰ πάντα	1	to … body, according to the working of his power even to subject all things to himself	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to … body. He will change our bodies with the same power he uses to control all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP	4	intro	rp5c			0		# Philippians 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “My joy and my crown”<br>Paul had helped the Philippians become spiritually mature. As a result, Paul rejoiced and God honored him and his work. He considered discipling other Christians and encouraging them to grow spiritually as important to Christian living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Euodia and Syntyche<br>Apparently, these two women disagreed with each other. Paul was encouraging them to agree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP	4	1	zk6q	figs-you		0	General Information:	When Paul says, “my true companion,” The word **you** is singular. Paul does not say the name of the person. He calls him that to show he worked with Paul to spread the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
PHP	4	1	xmc4			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues with some specific instructions to the believers in Philippi on unity and then gives instructions to help them live for the Lord.
PHP	4	1	fe2y		ἀδελφοί μου ἀγαπητοὶ καὶ ἐπιπόθητοι	1	my brothers, beloved and longed for	“my fellow believers, I love you and I greatly desire to see you”
PHP	4	1	ngs7		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md).
PHP	4	1	wx5w	figs-metonymy	χαρὰ καὶ στέφανός μου	1	my joy and crown	Paul uses the word **joy** to mean that the Philippian church is the cause of his happiness. A **crown** was made of leaves, and a man wore it on his head as a sign of honor after he won an important game. Here the word **crown** means the Philippian church brought honor to Paul before God. Alternate translation: “since you give me joy because you have believed in Jesus, and you are my reward and honor for my work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	4	1	dz44		οὕτως στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἀγαπητοί	1	in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved	“so continue living for the Lord in the way that I have taught you, dear friends”
PHP	4	2	x5qf	translate-names	Εὐοδίαν παρακαλῶ, καὶ Συντύχην παρακαλῶ	1	I urge Euodia, and I urge Syntyche	These are women who were believers and helped Paul in the church at Philippi. Alternate translation: “I beg Euodia, and I beg Syntyche” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PHP	4	2	iyq7	figs-metonymy	τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	to think the same in the Lord	The phrase **to think the same** means to have the same attitude or opinion. Alternate translation: “to agree with each other because you both believe in the same Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	4	3	yb3f	figs-you	ἐρωτῶ καὶ σέ	1	I also ask you	Here **you** refers to the “true fellow worker” and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
PHP	4	3	hdz7	figs-metaphor	γνήσιε σύνζυγε	1	true companion	This metaphor is from farming, where two animals would be bound to the same yoke, and so they work together. Alternate translation: “fellow worker” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	4	3	cm3u	translate-names	μετὰ καὶ Κλήμεντος	1	with also Clement	**Clement** was a man who was a believer and worker in the church at Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PHP	4	3	s9h9		ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν βίβλῳ ζωῆς	1	whose names are in the Book of Life	“whose names God has written in the Book of Life”
PHP	4	4	elt7		χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	Rejoice in the Lord	“be happy because of all the Lord has done.” See how you translated this in [Philippians 3:1](../03/01.md).
PHP	4	5	snk5		ὁ Κύριος ἐγγύς	1	The Lord is near	Possible meanings are (1) The Lord Jesus is near to the believers in spirit or (2) the day the Lord Jesus will return to the earth is near.
PHP	4	6	h63g		ἐν παντὶ, τῇ προσευχῇ καὶ τῇ δεήσει μετὰ εὐχαριστίας, τὰ αἰτήματα ὑμῶν γνωριζέσθω πρὸς τὸν Θεόν	1	in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God	“whatever happens to you, ask God for everything you need with prayer and thanks”
PHP	4	7	u1sz		ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the peace of God	“the peace that God gives”
PHP	4	7	zr4x		ἡ ὑπερέχουσα πάντα νοῦν	1	which surpasses all understanding	“which is more than we can understand”
PHP	4	7	sb6s	figs-personification	φρουρήσει τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ νοήματα ὑμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ	1	will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ	This presents God’s peace as a soldier who protects our **hearts** and **minds** from worrying. Alternate translation: “will be like a soldier and guard your hearts and minds in Christ”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PHP	4	7	tsz6	figs-metonymy	φρουρήσει τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ νοήματα ὑμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ	1	will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ	Here **hearts** is a metonym for a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “will guard your emotions and thoughts in Christ” or “will protect you in Christ and will keep you from worrying about the troubles of this life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	4	8	b8ig		τὸ λοιπόν	1	As to the rest	As Paul ends his letter, he gives a summary of how believers should live to have peace with God.
PHP	4	8	fxn5		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md).
PHP	4	8	r275		ὅσα προσφιλῆ	1	as many as are lovely	“whatever things are pleasing”
PHP	4	8	pv1i		ὅσα εὔφημα	1	as many as are reputable	“whatever thing people admire” or “whatever things people respect”
PHP	4	8	i5gl		εἴ τις ἀρετὴ	1	if anything is virtuous	“if they are morally good”
PHP	4	8	e9eb		εἴ τις ἔπαινος	1	if anything is praiseworthy	“and if they are things that people praise”
PHP	4	9	m145		ἃ καὶ ἐμάθετε καὶ παρελάβετε, καὶ ἠκούσατε καὶ εἴδετε, ἐν ἐμοί	1	And what you have learned and received and heard and seen in me	“And everything that I have taught and shown you”
PHP	4	10	pwh9			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul begins to thank the Philippians for a gift that they have sent him. He begins in verse 11 to explain that he is thanking them for this gift simply because he is grateful, not because he needs them to give him anything more.
PHP	4	11	ts2k		αὐτάρκης εἶναι	1	to be content	“to be satisfied” or “to be happy”
PHP	4	11	ew5e		ἐν οἷς εἰμι	1	in whatever I am	“no matter what my situation is”
PHP	4	12	lgp9	figs-explicit	οἶδα καὶ ταπεινοῦσθαι, οἶδα καὶ περισσεύειν	1	I know both how to be brought low and I know how to abound	Paul knows how to live happily having either no possessions or many possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP	4	12	i9vp	figs-parallelism	χορτάζεσθαι καὶ πεινᾶν, καὶ περισσεύειν καὶ ὑστερεῖσθαι	1	to be filled and to be hungry, and to abound and to be in need	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize that he has learned how to be content in any situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PHP	4	12	xrp3	figs-merism	χορτάζεσθαι καὶ πεινᾶν	1	to be filled and to be hungry	This phrase is a merism. Paul refers to both extremes to say that he is comfortable with any amount of food. Alternate translation: “no matter what amount of food I have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PHP	4	12	ufv4	figs-merism	περισσεύειν καὶ ὑστερεῖσθαι	1	to abound and to be in need	This phrase is a merism. Paul refers to both extremes to say that he is comfortable with any amount of possessions. Alternate translation: “no matter what amount of things I have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PHP	4	13	z1pb		πάντα ἰσχύω ἐν τῷ ἐνδυναμοῦντί με	1	I can do all things in him who strengthens me	“I can do all things because Christ gives me strength”
PHP	4	14	bs72			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues explaining that he is thanking the Philippians for their gift to him simply because he is grateful, not because he needs them to give him anything more (see [Philippians 3:11](../03/11.md)).
PHP	4	14	fe2z	figs-metaphor	μου τῇ θλίψει	1	in my affliction	Paul speaks of his hardships as if they were a place that he was in. Alternate translation: “when things became difficult” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	4	15	w23w	figs-metonymy	ἀρχῇ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου	1	the beginning of the gospel	Paul refers to the **gospel** here as meaning his preaching of the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP	4	15	dyf8	figs-doublenegatives	οὐδεμία μοι ἐκκλησία ἐκοινώνησεν εἰς λόγον δόσεως καὶ λήμψεως, εἰ μὴ ὑμεῖς μόνοι	1	no church shared with me in the matter of giving and receiving except you alone	This can be stated in the positive. Alternate translation: “you were the only church that sent me money or helped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
PHP	4	17	e9g9		οὐχ ὅτι ἐπιζητῶ τὸ δόμα	1	Not that I seek the gift	Paul is explaining that his reason for writing about gifts is not that he hopes that they will give him more gifts. Alternate Translation: “My reason for writing this is not that I want you to give me more”
PHP	4	17	bh3t	figs-metaphor	ἐπιζητῶ τὸν καρπὸν τὸν πλεονάζοντα εἰς λόγον ὑμῶν	1	I seek the fruit that increases to your account	Paul explains his reason for writing about gifts. Here **fruit that increases to your account** is a metaphor for either (1) more good deeds that can be recorded for the Philippians. Alternate translation: “Rather I want God to recognize the increasing good deeds that you do” or (2) more blessings for the good things that the Philippians do. Alternate translation: “Rather I want God to bless you more because of the good deeds that you do”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	4	18	p6y1			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul finishes thanking the Philippians for their gift (see [Philippians 3:11](../03/11.md)) and assures them that God will take care of them.
PHP	4	18	fs44		ἀπέχω…πάντα	1	I have everything in full	Possible meanings are (1) Paul has received **everything** that the Philippians sent or (2) Paul is using humor to continue the business metaphor from [Philippians 3:8](../03/08.md) and saying that this part of the letter is a receipt for commercial goods that Epaphroditus delivered.
PHP	4	18	en6t	figs-explicit	περισσεύω	1	I abound	Paul means that he has plenty of the things that he needs for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP	4	18	s68v	figs-metaphor	ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας, θυσίαν δεκτήν, εὐάρεστον τῷ Θεῷ	1	an aroma, a sweet smell, an acceptable, pleasing sacrifice to God	Paul speaks of the gift from the Philippian church as if it were a **sacrifice** offered to **God** on an altar. Paul implies that the church’s gift is very **pleasing** to God, like the sacrifices that the priests burned, which had a **smell** that pleased God. Alternate translation: “I assure you these gifts are very pleasing to God, like an acceptable sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP	4	19	r96p	figs-idiom	πληρώσει πᾶσαν χρείαν ὑμῶν	1	will fulfill all your needs	The word for **will fulfill** is the same word translated as “have been fulfilled” in verse 18. This phrase is an idiom meaning “will provide everything you need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PHP	4	19	xmk2		κατὰ τὸ πλοῦτος αὐτοῦ ἐν δόξῃ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	according to his riches in glory in Christ Jesus	“from his glorious riches that he gives through Christ Jesus”
PHP	4	20	fba5		τῷ δὲ Θεῷ…ἡμῶν	1	Now to our God	The word **Now** marks the closing prayer and the end of this section of the letter.
PHP	4	21	h2jr		οἱ…ἀδελφοί	1	The brothers	This refers to those people who were either ministering with or to Paul.
PHP	4	21	z65a		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md).
PHP	4	21	lq4e		πάντα ἅγιον	1	every saint	Some versions translate this as “every holy person.”
PHP	4	22	rg96		μάλιστα…οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας	1	especially those from Caesar’s household	This refers to servants who worked in Caesar’s palace. “especially the fellow believers who work in the palace of Caesar”
PHP	4	23	a3f8	figs-synecdoche	μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν	1	be with your spirit	Paul refers to the believers by using the word **spirit,** which is what enables humans to relate to God. Alternate translation: “be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])