diff --git a/en_tn_42-MRK.tsv b/en_tn_42-MRK.tsv index bbec26ea46..a313363e05 100644 --- a/en_tn_42-MRK.tsv +++ b/en_tn_42-MRK.tsv @@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ MRK 14 72 ja3e translate-ordinal ἐκ δευτέρου 1 a second time The word MRK 14 72 cfno figs-metonymy ῥῆμα 1 Mark is using the term **word** figuratively to describe what Jesus had said using words. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “statement Jesus had made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) MRK 14 72 trxc τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ 1 Alternate translation: “you will say three times that you do not know me” MRK 14 72 zr4p figs-idiom ἐπιβαλὼν, ἔκλαιεν 1 having broken down The Greek phrase which the ULT translates as **having broken down** could (1) be an idiom idiom which means that Peter became overwhelmed with grief and lost control of his emotions. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom from your culture or use plain language. Alternate translation: “having become overwhelmed with grief” or “having lost control of his emotions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) (2) also be translated as “having thought of it” or “having reflected on it.” Alternate translation: “having thought of it, he was weeping” or “having reflected on it, he was weeping” or “having thought about what he had just done, he was weeping” (3) also be translated as “he began” Alternate translation: “he began weeping” or “he started crying” -MRK 15 intro d823 0 # Mark 15 General Notes

## Special concepts in this chapter

### “The curtain of the temple was split in two”

The curtain in the temple was an important symbol that showed that people needed to have someone speak to God for them. They could not speak to God directly because all people are sinful and God hates sin. God split the curtain to show that Jesus’ people can now speak to God directly because Jesus has paid for their sins.

### The tomb

The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Mark 15:46](../mrk/15/46.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Sarcasm

Both by pretending to worship Jesus ([Mark 15:19](../mrk/15/19.md)) and by pretending to speak to a king ([Mark 15:18](../mrk/15/18.md)), the soldiers and the Jews showed that they hated Jesus and did not believe that he was the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/mock]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?

This is a phrase in Aramaic. Mark transliterates its sounds by writing them using Greek letters. He then explains its meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) +MRK 15 intro d823 0 # Mark 15 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### “The curtain of the temple was split in two”\n\nThe curtain in the temple was an important symbol that showed that people needed to have someone speak to God for them. They could not speak to God directly because all people are sinful and God hates sin. God split the curtain to show that Jesus’ people can now speak to God directly because Jesus has paid for their sins.\n\n### The tomb\n\nThe tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Mark 15:46](../mrk/15/46.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Sarcasm\n\nThe soldiers were insulting Jesus when they put a “purple robe” on him and placed a “crown of thorns” on his head (See Mark 15:17) and said, “Hail, King of the Jews” (See Mark 15:18) and bent their knees and bowed down to him (See Mark 15:19) because these actions were symbolic of things that people would do to a king but they did not really believe that Jesus was a king. By pretending that they thought Jesus was a king, and by putting a “crown of thorns” on Jesus’ head instead of a regular crown, and by “striking his head with a staff and spitting on him” (See Mark 15:19) the soldiers showed that they did not believe that Jesus was the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/mock]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n\n### Golgotha\n\nThe word “Golgotha” is an Aramaic word. Mark used Greek letters to express the sound of this Aramaic word so that his readers would know how it sounded and then he told them it meant “Place of a Skull.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])\n\n\n### Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?\n\nThis is an Aramaic phrase. Mark transliterates the sounds of this phrase by writing them using Greek letters. Mark used Greek letters to express the sound of this Aramaic phrase so that his readers would know how it sounded and then he told them that it meant “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) MRK 15 1 xz7c figs-explicit δήσαντες τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ἀπήνεγκαν 1 having bound Jesus, led him away The Jewish religious leaders commanded for Jesus to be **bound** but did not bind him themselves. It would have been the guards who actually bound Jesus and **led him away**. If it would help your readers you could indicate this in your translation as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “commanded the guards to bind Jesus and then the guards bound him and led him away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) MRK 15 1 v2yf παρέδωκαν Πειλάτῳ 1 handed him over to Pilate Alternate translation: “delivered him over to Pilate” or “transferred control of Jesus to Pilate” MRK 15 2 kn7i figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς αὐτῷ λέγει 1 Together the two words **answering** and **says** mean that Jesus responded to what Pilate asked him. Alternate translation: “Jesus responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) @@ -1461,9 +1461,9 @@ MRK 15 15 yzn5 translate-unknown φραγελλώσας 1 having flogged him Flo MRK 15 15 w1sl grammar-connect-logic-goal καὶ παρέδωκεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν φραγελλώσας, ἵνα σταυρωθῇ  1 The phrase **so that** introduces a purpose clause. With the phrase **so that he might be crucified•• Mark is stating the purpose for which Pilate**handed over Jesus**. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: “and after having Jesus flogged, he handed over Jesus to them in order that they might crucify him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) MRK 15 15 r9id figs-activepassive σταυρωθῇ 1 handed over Jesus, having flogged him, so that he might be crucified If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Mark implies that “soldiers” did it. Alternate translation: “his soldiers might take him away and crucify him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MRK 15 16 eg6x writing-background ὅ ἐστιν πραιτώριον 1 the palace (that is, the Praetorium) Mark provides this background information describing **the palace** to help his readers understand what exactly he means by using the word **palace**. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “which is, the Praetorium” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -MRK 15 16 lb2x figs-explicit πραιτώριον 1 Mark assumes that his readers will know what the **Praetorium** is. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. The **Praetorium** was where the soldiers in Jerusalem lived, and where the governor stayed when he was in Jerusalem. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the courtyard of the soldiers’ barracks” or “the courtyard of the governor’s residence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +MRK 15 16 lb2x figs-explicit πραιτώριον 1 The **Praetorium** was where the Roman governor stayed when he was in Jerusalem and where the soldiers in Jerusalem lived. Mark assumes that his readers will know what the **Praetorium** is. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the palace where the governor and his soldiers lived” or “the Roman governor’s residence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) MRK 15 16 b5gs figs-explicit ὅλην τὴν σπεῖραν 1 the whole cohort of soldiers Mark assumes that his readers will know that a **cohort** was a Roman unit of soldiers. A **cohort** normally numbered around 600 men but could sometimes refer to a number as small as 200 men. Here, by saying **the whole cohort**, Mark most likely means all the soldiers from the **cohort** who were on duty at that time. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate explicitly that a **cohort** was a Roman unit of soldiers. Additionally, you could also say explicitly that it was only the soldiers who were on duty who were called together as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “the whole unit of soldiers” or “the whole unit of soldiers who were on duty there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -MRK 15 17 tn33 ἐνδιδύσκουσιν αὐτὸν πορφύραν 1 They put a purple robe on him Purple was a color worn by royalty. The soldiers did not believe that Jesus was king. They clothed him this way to mock him because others said that he was the King of the Jews. +MRK 15 17 tn33 figs-explicit ἐνδιδύσκουσιν αὐτὸν πορφύραν, καὶ περιτιθέασιν αὐτῷ πλέξαντες ἀκάνθινον στέφανον 1 They put a purple robe on him In Roman culture, a **purple robe** and a **crown** were worn by kings. The soldiers put a **crown** made from **thorns** and a **purple robe** on Jesus in order to mock him. If your readers would not understand this, you could express the meaning explicitly. It may be helpful to your readers to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “they put a purple robe on him and placed a crown on his head that they had made by twisting thorns together. They did these things in order order to mock him by pretending that they believed he really was a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) MRK 15 17 xfk8 ἀκάνθινον στέφανον 1 a crown of thorns “a crown made of thorny branches” MRK 15 18 ft1j figs-irony Χαῖρε, Βασιλεῦ τῶν Ἰουδαίων 1 Hail, King of the Jews The greeting “Hail” with a raised hand was only used to greet the Roman emperor. The soldiers did not believe that Jesus was the king of the Jews. Rather they said this to mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) MRK 15 19 gz3b καλάμῳ 1 a reed “a stick” or “a staff”