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Merge Grant_Ailie-tc-create-1 into master by Grant_Ailie (#3825) 

Co-authored-by: Richard Mahn <richmahn@noreply.door43.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3825
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@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
8:21 n2cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns וִ⁠יהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ וְ⁠כָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל רָא֗וּ כִּֽי־לָכַ֤ד הָֽ⁠אֹרֵב֙ אֶת־הָ⁠עִ֔יר 1 The word **ambush** is a singular noun that refers to something done by a group of people. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “And Joshua and all Israel saw that the men who had been lying in ambush had captured the city”
8:22 mxej וְ⁠אֵ֨לֶּה יָצְא֤וּ מִן־הָ⁠עִיר֙ לִ⁠קְרָאתָ֔⁠ם וַ⁠יִּֽהְי֤וּ לְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בַּ⁠תָּ֔וֶךְ 1 Alternate translation: “And the other Israelite soldiers came out from the city to meet them. And the men of Ai were in the midst of the Israelite soldiers”
8:22 dlr1 אֵ֥לֶּה מִ⁠זֶּ֖ה וְ⁠אֵ֣לֶּה מִ⁠זֶּ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “some on this side and some on that side” or “some Israelite soldiers on one side of them and some Israelite soldiers on the other side of them”
8:24 dura rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish בַּ⁠שָּׂדֶ֗ה בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְדָפ֣וּ⁠ם בּ֔⁠וֹ 1 The phrase **in the wilderness** gives us further information about where **the field** was located. It is not making a distinction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases clearer. Alternate translation: “in the field which was in the wilderness in which they pursued them” or “in the fields which were in the wilderness in which they pursued them”
8:24 dura rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish בַּ⁠שָּׂדֶ֗ה בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְדָפ֣וּ⁠ם בּ֔⁠וֹ 1 The phrase **in the wilderness** could: (1) be giving us further information about where **the field** was located and not be making a distinction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases clearer. Alternate translation: “in the field which was in the wilderness in which they pursued them” or “in the fields which were in the wilderness in which they pursued them” (2) be listing an additional location where the Israelite army killed the men of Ai. Alternate translation: “in the field and in the wilderness in which they pursued them”
8:24 xg2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וַֽ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֖רֶב עַד־תֻּמָּ֑⁠ם וַ⁠יָּשֻׁ֤בוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָ⁠עַ֔י וַ⁠יַּכּ֥וּ אֹתָ֖⁠הּ לְ⁠פִי־חָֽרֶב 1 See how you translated the phrase “to the mouth of the sword” in [6:21](../06/21.md). Alternate translation: “once they had killed every one of those soldiers and none were left, then Israel returned to Ai and killed everyone who was there”
8:24 uhnh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַֽ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֖רֶב 1 The author is describing dying in battle by association with the word the word **fallen**, since soldiers who die in battle fall to the ground and die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “and all of them had been killed to the mouth of the sword” or “and all of them had perished to the mouth of the sword”
8:25 d2ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠נֹּ֨פְלִ֜ים בַּ⁠יּ֤וֹם הַ⁠הוּא֙ 1 The author is describing dying in battle by association with the word the word **fell**, since soldiers who die in battle fall to the ground and die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the ones who were killed on that day”
@ -379,28 +379,54 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
8:34 vf71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַ⁠כָּת֖וּב 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, the context indicates that “Moses” did it. Alternate translation: “that Moses wrote”
8:35 ym6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives לֹֽא־הָיָ֣ה דָבָ֔ר מִ⁠כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־קָרָ֜א יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ 1 This is a double negative which uses the negative particle **not** twice. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this. Alternate translation: “Joshua read every word that Moses had commanded”
8:35 ozlo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish כָּל־קְהַ֤ל יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְ⁠הַ⁠נָּשִׁ֣ים וְ⁠הַ⁠טַּ֔ף וְ⁠הַ⁠גֵּ֖ר הַ⁠הֹלֵ֥ךְ בְּ⁠קִרְבָּֽ⁠ם 1 The phrases **the women**, **the children**, and **the sojourners who are going in the midst of them** give us further information about **all the assembly of Israel** that was gathered there. It is not making a distinction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases clearer. Alternate translation: “all the assembly of Israel, which included the women, the children, and the sojourners who are going in the midst of them”
9:intro w1cx 0 # Joshua 9 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Israel’s mistake\n\nIsrael was deceived because “they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance.” Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
9:intro w1cx 0 # Joshua 9 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Israel’s mistake\n\nIsrael was deceived because “they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance.” Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Important Translation Issues\n\n### The Hivites\n\nIn [3:10](../03/10.md) the Israelites are given a list of the nations that they are told to “dispossess” from the land. This list includes the Hivites. In [9:1-2](../09/01.md) the author of Joshua records that when the kings on the west side of the Jordan River heard what the Israelites had done to Ai that they made an agreement to fight against the Israelites. The list in [9:2](../09/02.md) of kings that agreed to fight against the Israelites includes “the Hivite.” The author records in [9:3-4](../09/03.md) that when “those who dwelled in Gibeon heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and to the Ai … they … acted with cunning.” The author then records in [9:7](../09/07.md) that those who dwelled in Gibeon were “Hivite.” The Hivite nation consisted of multiple people groups of whom the Gibeonites were just one. This is why the author could say in [9:1-2](../09/01.md) that among the kings who gathered to fight the Israelites were Hivites and also say that the Gibeonites were Hivites.
9:2 uj94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom פֶּ֖ה אֶחָֽד 1 The phrase **as one mouth** is an idiom meaning “with one accord” or “unanimously.” If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “with one accord” or “unanimously”
9:3 aktq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְ⁠יֹשְׁבֵ֨י 1 What follows the word **But** here is in contrast to what the kings in the previous verse did. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast as modeled by the UST.
9:4 r5yb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast גַם־הֵ֨מָּה֙ 1 The author uses the phrase **even they**, to emphasize that the way the Gibeonites acted toward the Israelites was in different from the way the other kings acted toward the Israelites. If repeating the word **they** would be an un-natural way to emphasize this difference in behavior, use a natural way in your language to indicate this contrast as modeled by the UST.
9:5 q9v6 יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים 1 Alternate translation: “dry and filled with fungus” or “stale and ruined”
9:6 rz8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 This refers to the entire nation of Israel.
9:7 w599 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַ⁠חִוִּ֑י 1 This is another name for the Gibeonites.
9:7 t1r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אוּלַ֗י בְּ⁠קִרְבִּ⁠י֙ אַתָּ֣ה יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וְ⁠אֵ֖יךְ אֶֽכְרָת־לְ⁠ךָ֥ בְרִֽית 1 Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. Alternate translation: “If you do live near us, we cannot make a covenant with you.”
9:10 kam4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְ⁠סִיחוֹן֙ 1 This is the name of the defeated Amorite king.
9:10 s17h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן 1 This is the name of the royal city of the nation of Moab.
9:10 pz6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּ⁠לְ⁠ע֥וֹג 1 This is the name of the defeated king of Bashan.
9:10 p9ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת 1 This is the name of a city known for worshiping the goddess of the same name.
9:11 hq3m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶ֤ם 1 This phrase means “take with you.” Here the word “hand” represents the possession by the Gibeonites of the provisions.
9:11 k7fe לִ⁠קְרָאתָ֑⁠ם וַ⁠אֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֲלֵי⁠הֶם֙ 1 The word “them” refers to the people of Israel.
9:15 f67z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וַ⁠יַּ֨עַשׂ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם וַ⁠יִּכְרֹ֥ת לָ⁠הֶ֛ם בְּרִ֖ית לְ⁠חַיּוֹתָ֑⁠ם וַ⁠יִּשָּׁבְע֣וּ לָ⁠הֶ֔ם נְשִׂיאֵ֖י הָ⁠עֵדָֽה 1 These two sentences are saying that the same thing occurred. Joshua, the leader of the nation of Israel, promised not to kill the Gibeonites. The leaders of the nation of Israel, likewise, made the same covenant.
9:15 je8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הָ⁠עֵדָֽה 1 Here this refers to the people of Israel.
9:17 s1u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֑י 1 This refers to number three in order.
9:17 q18q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּפִירָ֔ה 1 This is one of the cities of the Gibeonites.
9:17 j671 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּ⁠בְאֵר֖וֹת 1 This is the name of a place.
9:17 alr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים 1 This is the name of a place.
9:19 a168 הָ֣⁠עֵדָ֔ה 1 Here this phrase refers to the nation of Israel.
9:21 wg7n וַ֠⁠יִּֽהְיוּ חֹטְבֵ֨י עֵצִ֤ים וְ⁠שֹֽׁאֲבֵי־מַ֨יִם֙ 1 Alternate translation: “the Gibeonites became woodcutters and water carriers”
9:4 uh11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠נֹאד֥וֹת יַ֨יִן֙ בָּלִ֔ים וּ⁠מְבֻקָּעִ֖ים וּ⁠מְצֹרָרִֽים 1 The word translated as **skins** refers to bags made out of animal skins that were used for holding wine or other fluids. If your readers would not be familiar with **skins of wine**, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “and worn-out and torn and mended leather bags for holding wine”
9:5 q9v6 נִקֻּדִֽים 1 The word the ULT translates as **crumbs** could mean (1) **crumbs** as modeled by the ULT. (2) moldy. Alternate translation: “moldy”
9:6 rz8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 The word **man** is a singular noun that here refers to a group of people. This phrase means “the men of Israel” and is probably specifically referring to the leaders of Israel. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the men of Israel”
9:6 mo5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּרְתוּ־לָ֥⁠נוּ בְרִֽית 1 The phrase **cut a covenant for us** means “make a covenant with us.” The phrase **cut a covenant** originated from the fact that animals were sometimes cut up to be eaten and sacrificed in the covenant making process. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate the meaning of this phrase explicitly. Alternate translation: “make a covenant with us”
9:7 m0h0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 The word **man** is used in this verse with the same meaning as in the previous verse. See how you translated it there. Alternate translation: “the men of Israel”
9:7 ojg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns הַ⁠חִוִּ֑י 1 The word **Hivite** is a singular noun that here refers to a group of people. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the Hivites”
9:7 w599 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־הַ⁠חִוִּ֑י 1 The Hivite nation consisted of multiple people groups of whom the Gibeonites were just one. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. See the chapter introduction for more information. Alternate translation: “to the Gibeonites who were Hivite”
9:7 t1r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אוּלַ֗י בְּ⁠קִרְבִּ⁠י֙ אַתָּ֣ה יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וְ⁠אֵ֖יךְ אֶֽכְרָת־לְ⁠ךָ֥ בְרִֽית 1 The men of Israel are not asking for information, but are using the question form to emphasize that they do not know where these men actually live and that they must follow the command of Yahweh and not make **a covenant** with them if they live in an area that is near. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Perhaps you are dwelling among us. Then we certainly cannot cut a covenant for you!” or “We do not know if you dwell among us or not so we certainly cannot disobey Yahweh by cutting a covenant for you”
9:7 kr1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶֽכְרָת־לְ⁠ךָ֥ בְרִֽית 1 See how you translated the phrase **cut a covenant** in the previous verse.
9:8 ki9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo עֲבָדֶ֣י⁠ךָ אֲנָ֑חְנוּ 1 The expression **We are your servants** could be either a polite way of addressing Joshua or it could mean that if Joshua and the Israelites made a covenant with them that they would agree to let Joshua be their ruler and subordinate themselves to the nation of Israel. Since the author does not explicitly state the meaning, and the context does not clearly indicate which meaning is intended, it is best not to explain the meaning of this phrase in your translation.
9:8 t8q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וּ⁠מֵ⁠אַ֥יִן תָּבֹֽאוּ 1 Your language may say “go” rather than **come** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “And where did you go from”
9:9 mrhs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result מֵ⁠אֶ֨רֶץ רְחוֹקָ֤ה מְאֹד֙ בָּ֣אוּ עֲבָדֶ֔י⁠ךָ לְ⁠שֵׁ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because of the name of Yahweh your God your servants have come from a very distant land”
9:9 kf7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go בָּ֣אוּ עֲבָדֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Your language may say “went” rather than **come** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “Your servants have went”
9:9 yve3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠שֵׁ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה 1 Here, Yahweh’s **name** represents his reputation as it did in the phrase “your great name” in [7:9](../07/09.md). See how you translated it there. Alternate translation: “for the reputation of Yahweh”\n
9:10 kam4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְ⁠סִיחוֹן֙…וּ⁠לְ⁠ע֥וֹג 1 See how you translated the names **Sihon** and **Og** in [2:10](../02/10.md).
9:10 s17h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן 1 **Heshbon** is the name of a city. If you have translated the book of Numbers already see how you translated this name in [Numbers 21:25](../21/25.md).
9:10 p9ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת 1 **Ashtaroth** is the name of the capital city of **Bashan**. If you have translated the book of Deuteronomy already see how you translated this name in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
9:11 xd47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵ⁠אמֹ֗ר קְח֨וּ בְ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶ֤ם צֵידָה֙ לַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ וּ⁠לְכ֖וּ לִ⁠קְרָאתָ֑⁠ם וַ⁠אֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֲלֵי⁠הֶם֙ 1 If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “and told us to take provisions in our hand for the road and to go to meet you and say to you”
9:11 i2n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes קְח֨וּ בְ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶ֤ם צֵידָה֙ לַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ וּ⁠לְכ֖וּ לִ⁠קְרָאתָ֑⁠ם וַ⁠אֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֲלֵי⁠הֶם֙ עַבְדֵי⁠כֶ֣ם אֲנַ֔חְנוּ וְ⁠עַתָּ֖ה כִּרְתוּ־לָ֥⁠נוּ בְרִֽית 1 If your language would not use a third level direct quotation (a direct quotation that is inside of a direct quotation that is inside of a direct quotation), you could translate the third direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Take provisions in your hand for the road and go to meet them. And you shall tell them that you are their servants and ask them to cut a covenant for us”
9:11 hq3m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶ֤ם 1 The men from Gibeon are using one part of a person, the **hand**, to represent all of a person in the act of bringing something with them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with you”
9:11 z823 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ 1 The people of Gibeon are speaking of the men’s journey by association with **the road** which they would walk on, on their journey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning with a simile or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for the journey”
9:14 c4ao rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּקְח֥וּ הָֽ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֖ים מִ⁠צֵּידָ֑⁠ם 1 The phrase **the men took from their provisions** could mean: (1) that the Israelite men examined the provisions of the Gibeonites to see if they were old. Alternate translation: “And the men examined their provisions” (2) that the Israelite men tasted the provisions of the Gibeonites to see if they were old. Alternate translation: “And the men tasted their provisions” or “And the men sampled their provisions”
9:14 o4z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה 1 The author is describing the advice Yahweh would give by association with the word **mouth**, which is associated with speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the advice of Yahweh” or “the counsel of Yahweh” \n\nThe phrase **the mouth of Yahweh** is an idiom meaning “the advice of Yahweh.” If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “the advice of Yahweh” or “the counsel of Yahweh” \n\n
9:11 h9nz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּרְתוּ־לָ֥⁠נוּ בְרִֽית 1 See how you translated the phrase **cut a covenant for us** in [9:6](../09/06.md).
9:12 otie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go צֵאתֵ֖⁠נוּ לָ⁠לֶ֣כֶת אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 In contexts such as this, your language may say “coming” and “go” rather than **going** and **come**. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “our coming out to go to you”
9:12 bwk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations הִנֵּ֣ה 1 The men of Gibeon are using the term **behold** to focus attention on what they are about to say about their bread. See how you translated the word **behold** in [2:18](../02/18.md) where it occurs with the same meaning.
9:12 apm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נִקֻּדִֽים 1 See how you translated the word **crumbs** in [9:6](../09/06.md).
9:13 tjtj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown נֹאד֤וֹת הַ⁠יַּ֨יִן֙ 1 See how you translated the phrase **skins of wine** in [9:4](../09/04.md) where it occurs with the same meaning.
9:13 yyy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations וְ⁠הִנֵּ֖ה 1 Here, the Gibeonite men use the word **behold** to draw attention to what they say in the rest of this verse. See how you translated this word in the previous verse where it occurs with the same meaning.
9:13 np0h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַ⁠דֶּ֖רֶךְ 1 See how you translated the phrase **the road** in [9:11](../09/11.md) where it occurs with the same meaning.
9:15 v90y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וַ⁠יַּ֨עַשׂ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea with an adjective or in some other way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Joshua agreed that the Israelites would have a peaceful relationship with the Gibeonites” or “And Joshua agreed that the Israelite people would have a peaceful relationship with the Gibeonite people”
9:15 ww7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּכְרֹ֥ת…בְּרִ֖ית 1 See how you translated the phrase **cut a covenant** in [9:6](../09/06.md).
9:16 jsm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּרְת֥וּ לָ⁠הֶ֖ם בְּרִ֑ית 1 See how you translated the phrase **cut a covenant for them** in the previous verse.
9:16 hvn0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וַֽ⁠יִּשְׁמְע֗וּ כִּי־קְרֹבִ֥ים הֵם֙ אֵלָ֔י⁠ו וּ⁠בְ⁠קִרְבּ֖⁠וֹ הֵ֥ם יֹשְׁבִֽים 1 The phrase **they were near to them** and the phrase **they were dwelling among them** mean basically the same thing. The author says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to emphasize that the Gibeonites lived close to the Israelites. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one and show the emphasis in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that they heard that they really lived close to them!”
9:17 s1u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֑י 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here. Alternate translation: “after traveling for three days”
9:17 q18q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּפִירָ֔ה וּ⁠בְאֵר֖וֹת וְ⁠קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים 1 **Kephirah** and **Beeroth** and **Kiriath Jearim** are the names of cities. The name **Beeroth** means “” and the name **Kiriath Jearim** means “city of forests.”
9:18 c632 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠לֹ֤א הִכּוּ⁠ם֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ לָ⁠הֶם֙ נְשִׂיאֵ֣י הָֽ⁠עֵדָ֔ה בַּֽ⁠יהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “And because the leaders of the congregation had sworn to them by Yahweh the God of Israel, the sons of Israel did not strike them down”
9:19 vrwa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns אֲנַ֨חְנוּ֙ 1 The **leaders** use the word **ourselves** to emphasize that they had sworn not to kill the Gibeonites. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this emphasis.
9:19 z1k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֹ֥א נוּכַ֖ל לִ⁠נְגֹּ֥עַ בָּ⁠הֶֽם 1 Here, the **leaders** use the phrase **touch them**, to mean “kill them.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “we are not able to kill them”
9:20 ak2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֤ה עָלֵ֨י⁠נוּ֙ קֶ֔צֶף 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wrath**, you could express the same idea with an adjective or in some other way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh will not be angry with us”
9:21 irye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וַ⁠יֹּאמְר֧וּ אֲלֵי⁠הֶ֛ם הַ⁠נְּשִׂיאִ֖ים 1 It might seem that the phrase **And the leaders said to them** contains redundant information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you could leave this phrase untranslated and continue the quotation of the leaders words in the previous verse with the words **Let them live** in this verse, as modeled by the UST.
9:21 wg7n וַ⁠יֹּאמְר֧וּ אֲלֵי⁠הֶ֛ם הַ⁠נְּשִׂיאִ֖ים יִֽחְי֑וּ וַ֠⁠יִּֽהְיוּ חֹטְבֵ֨י עֵצִ֤ים וְ⁠שֹֽׁאֲבֵי־מַ֨יִם֙ לְ⁠כָל־הָ֣⁠עֵדָ֔ה כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבְּר֥וּ לָ⁠הֶ֖ם הַ⁠נְּשִׂיאִֽים 1 The words the ULT translates as **So they became cutters of trees and drawers of water for all the congregation** could be: (1) The comments of the author of Joshua. This is the interpretation modeled by the ULT and UST. (2) A continuation of the quotation of the leaders words **Let them live**. Alternate translation: “And the leaders said to them, “Let them live, but let them be cutters of trees and drawers of water for all the congregation.” So the leaders kept their oath to them”
9:22 k125 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לָ⁠מָּה֩ רִמִּיתֶ֨ם אֹתָ֜⁠נוּ 1 The author is not asking for information, but is using the question form to rebuke the Gibeonites for deceiving the Israelites. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way.
9:22 ylp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לָ⁠מָּה֩ רִמִּיתֶ֨ם אֹתָ֜⁠נוּ לֵ⁠אמֹ֗ר רְחוֹקִ֨ים אֲנַ֤חְנוּ מִ⁠כֶּם֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְ⁠אַתֶּ֖ם בְּ⁠קִרְבֵּ֥⁠נוּ יֹשְׁבִֽים 1 If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Why did you deceive us by telling us that you live very far from us when in fact, you are dwelling among us” or “Why did you deceive us by telling us that you live very far from us when you are actually dwelling among us”
9:23 zlp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠בֵ֥ית אֱלֹהָֽ⁠י 1 Here this phrase refers to the dwelling place of Yahweh, the Tabernacle.
9:25 a5un rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet כַּ⁠טּ֨וֹב וְ⁠כַ⁠יָּשָׁ֧ר 1 The words “good” and “right” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Whatever seems fair and just”
9:26 gy9c לָ⁠הֶ֖ם 1 The word “them” here refers to the Gibeonites.

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
358 8:21 n2cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns וִ⁠יהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ וְ⁠כָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל רָא֗וּ כִּֽי־לָכַ֤ד הָֽ⁠אֹרֵב֙ אֶת־הָ⁠עִ֔יר 1 The word **ambush** is a singular noun that refers to something done by a group of people. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “And Joshua and all Israel saw that the men who had been lying in ambush had captured the city”
359 8:22 mxej וְ⁠אֵ֨לֶּה יָצְא֤וּ מִן־הָ⁠עִיר֙ לִ⁠קְרָאתָ֔⁠ם וַ⁠יִּֽהְי֤וּ לְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בַּ⁠תָּ֔וֶךְ 1 Alternate translation: “And the other Israelite soldiers came out from the city to meet them. And the men of Ai were in the midst of the Israelite soldiers”
360 8:22 dlr1 אֵ֥לֶּה מִ⁠זֶּ֖ה וְ⁠אֵ֣לֶּה מִ⁠זֶּ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “some on this side and some on that side” or “some Israelite soldiers on one side of them and some Israelite soldiers on the other side of them”
361 8:24 dura rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish בַּ⁠שָּׂדֶ֗ה בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְדָפ֣וּ⁠ם בּ֔⁠וֹ 1 The phrase **in the wilderness** gives us further information about where **the field** was located. It is not making a distinction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases clearer. Alternate translation: “in the field which was in the wilderness in which they pursued them” or “in the fields which were in the wilderness in which they pursued them” The phrase **in the wilderness** could: (1) be giving us further information about where **the field** was located and not be making a distinction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases clearer. Alternate translation: “in the field which was in the wilderness in which they pursued them” or “in the fields which were in the wilderness in which they pursued them” (2) be listing an additional location where the Israelite army killed the men of Ai. Alternate translation: “in the field and in the wilderness in which they pursued them”
362 8:24 xg2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וַֽ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֖רֶב עַד־תֻּמָּ֑⁠ם וַ⁠יָּשֻׁ֤בוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָ⁠עַ֔י וַ⁠יַּכּ֥וּ אֹתָ֖⁠הּ לְ⁠פִי־חָֽרֶב 1 See how you translated the phrase “to the mouth of the sword” in [6:21](../06/21.md). Alternate translation: “once they had killed every one of those soldiers and none were left, then Israel returned to Ai and killed everyone who was there”
363 8:24 uhnh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַֽ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֖רֶב 1 The author is describing dying in battle by association with the word the word **fallen**, since soldiers who die in battle fall to the ground and die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “and all of them had been killed to the mouth of the sword” or “and all of them had perished to the mouth of the sword”
364 8:25 d2ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠נֹּ֨פְלִ֜ים בַּ⁠יּ֤וֹם הַ⁠הוּא֙ 1 The author is describing dying in battle by association with the word the word **fell**, since soldiers who die in battle fall to the ground and die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the ones who were killed on that day”
379 8:34 vf71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַ⁠כָּת֖וּב 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, the context indicates that “Moses” did it. Alternate translation: “that Moses wrote”
380 8:35 ym6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives לֹֽא־הָיָ֣ה דָבָ֔ר מִ⁠כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־קָרָ֜א יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ 1 This is a double negative which uses the negative particle **not** twice. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this. Alternate translation: “Joshua read every word that Moses had commanded”
381 8:35 ozlo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish כָּל־קְהַ֤ל יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְ⁠הַ⁠נָּשִׁ֣ים וְ⁠הַ⁠טַּ֔ף וְ⁠הַ⁠גֵּ֖ר הַ⁠הֹלֵ֥ךְ בְּ⁠קִרְבָּֽ⁠ם 1 The phrases **the women**, **the children**, and **the sojourners who are going in the midst of them** give us further information about **all the assembly of Israel** that was gathered there. It is not making a distinction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases clearer. Alternate translation: “all the assembly of Israel, which included the women, the children, and the sojourners who are going in the midst of them”
382 9:intro w1cx 0 # Joshua 9 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Israel’s mistake\n\nIsrael was deceived because “they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance.” Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) # Joshua 9 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Israel’s mistake\n\nIsrael was deceived because “they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance.” Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Important Translation Issues\n\n### The Hivites\n\nIn [3:10](../03/10.md) the Israelites are given a list of the nations that they are told to “dispossess” from the land. This list includes the Hivites. In [9:1-2](../09/01.md) the author of Joshua records that when the kings on the west side of the Jordan River heard what the Israelites had done to Ai that they made an agreement to fight against the Israelites. The list in [9:2](../09/02.md) of kings that agreed to fight against the Israelites includes “the Hivite.” The author records in [9:3-4](../09/03.md) that when “those who dwelled in Gibeon heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and to the Ai … they … acted with cunning.” The author then records in [9:7](../09/07.md) that those who dwelled in Gibeon were “Hivite.” The Hivite nation consisted of multiple people groups of whom the Gibeonites were just one. This is why the author could say in [9:1-2](../09/01.md) that among the kings who gathered to fight the Israelites were Hivites and also say that the Gibeonites were Hivites.
383 9:2 uj94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom פֶּ֖ה אֶחָֽד 1 The phrase **as one mouth** is an idiom meaning “with one accord” or “unanimously.” If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “with one accord” or “unanimously”
384 9:3 aktq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְ⁠יֹשְׁבֵ֨י 1 What follows the word **But** here is in contrast to what the kings in the previous verse did. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast as modeled by the UST.
385 9:4 r5yb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast גַם־הֵ֨מָּה֙ 1 The author uses the phrase **even they**, to emphasize that the way the Gibeonites acted toward the Israelites was in different from the way the other kings acted toward the Israelites. If repeating the word **they** would be an un-natural way to emphasize this difference in behavior, use a natural way in your language to indicate this contrast as modeled by the UST.
386 9:5 9:4 q9v6 uh11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים וְ⁠נֹאד֥וֹת יַ֨יִן֙ בָּלִ֔ים וּ⁠מְבֻקָּעִ֖ים וּ⁠מְצֹרָרִֽים 1 Alternate translation: “dry and filled with fungus” or “stale and ruined” The word translated as **skins** refers to bags made out of animal skins that were used for holding wine or other fluids. If your readers would not be familiar with **skins of wine**, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “and worn-out and torn and mended leather bags for holding wine”
387 9:6 9:5 rz8e q9v6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נִקֻּדִֽים 1 This refers to the entire nation of Israel. The word the ULT translates as **crumbs** could mean (1) **crumbs** as modeled by the ULT. (2) moldy. Alternate translation: “moldy”
388 9:7 9:6 w599 rz8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns הַ⁠חִוִּ֑י אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 This is another name for the Gibeonites. The word **man** is a singular noun that here refers to a group of people. This phrase means “the men of Israel” and is probably specifically referring to the leaders of Israel. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the men of Israel”
389 9:7 9:6 t1r4 mo5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אוּלַ֗י בְּ⁠קִרְבִּ⁠י֙ אַתָּ֣ה יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וְ⁠אֵ֖יךְ אֶֽכְרָת־לְ⁠ךָ֥ בְרִֽית כִּרְתוּ־לָ֥⁠נוּ בְרִֽית 1 Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. Alternate translation: “If you do live near us, we cannot make a covenant with you.” The phrase **cut a covenant for us** means “make a covenant with us.” The phrase **cut a covenant** originated from the fact that animals were sometimes cut up to be eaten and sacrificed in the covenant making process. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate the meaning of this phrase explicitly. Alternate translation: “make a covenant with us”
390 9:10 9:7 kam4 m0h0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns לְ⁠סִיחוֹן֙ אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 This is the name of the defeated Amorite king. The word **man** is used in this verse with the same meaning as in the previous verse. See how you translated it there. Alternate translation: “the men of Israel”
391 9:10 9:7 s17h ojg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן הַ⁠חִוִּ֑י 1 This is the name of the royal city of the nation of Moab. The word **Hivite** is a singular noun that here refers to a group of people. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the Hivites”
392 9:10 9:7 pz6y w599 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠לְ⁠ע֥וֹג אֶל־הַ⁠חִוִּ֑י 1 This is the name of the defeated king of Bashan. The Hivite nation consisted of multiple people groups of whom the Gibeonites were just one. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. See the chapter introduction for more information. Alternate translation: “to the Gibeonites who were Hivite”
393 9:10 9:7 p9ed t1r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion בְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת אוּלַ֗י בְּ⁠קִרְבִּ⁠י֙ אַתָּ֣ה יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וְ⁠אֵ֖יךְ אֶֽכְרָת־לְ⁠ךָ֥ בְרִֽית 1 This is the name of a city known for worshiping the goddess of the same name. The men of Israel are not asking for information, but are using the question form to emphasize that they do not know where these men actually live and that they must follow the command of Yahweh and not make **a covenant** with them if they live in an area that is near. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Perhaps you are dwelling among us. Then we certainly cannot cut a covenant for you!” or “We do not know if you dwell among us or not so we certainly cannot disobey Yahweh by cutting a covenant for you”
394 9:11 9:7 hq3m kr1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶ֤ם אֶֽכְרָת־לְ⁠ךָ֥ בְרִֽית 1 This phrase means “take with you.” Here the word “hand” represents the possession by the Gibeonites of the provisions. See how you translated the phrase **cut a covenant** in the previous verse.
395 9:11 9:8 k7fe ki9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo לִ⁠קְרָאתָ֑⁠ם וַ⁠אֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֲלֵי⁠הֶם֙ עֲבָדֶ֣י⁠ךָ אֲנָ֑חְנוּ 1 The word “them” refers to the people of Israel. The expression **We are your servants** could be either a polite way of addressing Joshua or it could mean that if Joshua and the Israelites made a covenant with them that they would agree to let Joshua be their ruler and subordinate themselves to the nation of Israel. Since the author does not explicitly state the meaning, and the context does not clearly indicate which meaning is intended, it is best not to explain the meaning of this phrase in your translation.
396 9:15 9:8 f67z t8q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וַ⁠יַּ֨עַשׂ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם וַ⁠יִּכְרֹ֥ת לָ⁠הֶ֛ם בְּרִ֖ית לְ⁠חַיּוֹתָ֑⁠ם וַ⁠יִּשָּׁבְע֣וּ לָ⁠הֶ֔ם נְשִׂיאֵ֖י הָ⁠עֵדָֽה וּ⁠מֵ⁠אַ֥יִן תָּבֹֽאוּ 1 These two sentences are saying that the same thing occurred. Joshua, the leader of the nation of Israel, promised not to kill the Gibeonites. The leaders of the nation of Israel, likewise, made the same covenant. Your language may say “go” rather than **come** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “And where did you go from”
397 9:15 9:9 je8p mrhs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result הָ⁠עֵדָֽה מֵ⁠אֶ֨רֶץ רְחוֹקָ֤ה מְאֹד֙ בָּ֣אוּ עֲבָדֶ֔י⁠ךָ לְ⁠שֵׁ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Here this refers to the people of Israel. If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because of the name of Yahweh your God your servants have come from a very distant land”
398 9:17 9:9 s1u5 kf7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֑י בָּ֣אוּ עֲבָדֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 This refers to number three in order. Your language may say “went” rather than **come** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “Your servants have went”
399 9:17 9:9 q18q yve3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּפִירָ֔ה לְ⁠שֵׁ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה 1 This is one of the cities of the Gibeonites. Here, Yahweh’s **name** represents his reputation as it did in the phrase “your great name” in [7:9](../07/09.md). See how you translated it there. Alternate translation: “for the reputation of Yahweh”\n
400 9:17 9:10 j671 kam4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּ⁠בְאֵר֖וֹת לְ⁠סִיחוֹן֙…וּ⁠לְ⁠ע֥וֹג 1 This is the name of a place. See how you translated the names **Sihon** and **Og** in [2:10](../02/10.md).
401 9:17 9:10 alr9 s17h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן 1 This is the name of a place. **Heshbon** is the name of a city. If you have translated the book of Numbers already see how you translated this name in [Numbers 21:25](../21/25.md).
402 9:19 9:10 a168 p9ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הָ֣⁠עֵדָ֔ה בְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת 1 Here this phrase refers to the nation of Israel. **Ashtaroth** is the name of the capital city of **Bashan**. If you have translated the book of Deuteronomy already see how you translated this name in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
403 9:21 9:11 wg7n xd47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַ֠⁠יִּֽהְיוּ חֹטְבֵ֨י עֵצִ֤ים וְ⁠שֹֽׁאֲבֵי־מַ֨יִם֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֗ר קְח֨וּ בְ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶ֤ם צֵידָה֙ לַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ וּ⁠לְכ֖וּ לִ⁠קְרָאתָ֑⁠ם וַ⁠אֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֲלֵי⁠הֶם֙ 1 Alternate translation: “the Gibeonites became woodcutters and water carriers” If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “and told us to take provisions in our hand for the road and to go to meet you and say to you”
404 9:11 i2n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes קְח֨וּ בְ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶ֤ם צֵידָה֙ לַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ וּ⁠לְכ֖וּ לִ⁠קְרָאתָ֑⁠ם וַ⁠אֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֲלֵי⁠הֶם֙ עַבְדֵי⁠כֶ֣ם אֲנַ֔חְנוּ וְ⁠עַתָּ֖ה כִּרְתוּ־לָ֥⁠נוּ בְרִֽית 1 If your language would not use a third level direct quotation (a direct quotation that is inside of a direct quotation that is inside of a direct quotation), you could translate the third direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Take provisions in your hand for the road and go to meet them. And you shall tell them that you are their servants and ask them to cut a covenant for us”
405 9:11 hq3m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶ֤ם 1 The men from Gibeon are using one part of a person, the **hand**, to represent all of a person in the act of bringing something with them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with you”
406 9:11 z823 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ 1 The people of Gibeon are speaking of the men’s journey by association with **the road** which they would walk on, on their journey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning with a simile or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for the journey”
407 9:14 c4ao rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּקְח֥וּ הָֽ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֖ים מִ⁠צֵּידָ֑⁠ם 1 The phrase **the men took from their provisions** could mean: (1) that the Israelite men examined the provisions of the Gibeonites to see if they were old. Alternate translation: “And the men examined their provisions” (2) that the Israelite men tasted the provisions of the Gibeonites to see if they were old. Alternate translation: “And the men tasted their provisions” or “And the men sampled their provisions”
408 9:14 o4z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה 1 The author is describing the advice Yahweh would give by association with the word **mouth**, which is associated with speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the advice of Yahweh” or “the counsel of Yahweh” \n\nThe phrase **the mouth of Yahweh** is an idiom meaning “the advice of Yahweh.” If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “the advice of Yahweh” or “the counsel of Yahweh” \n\n
409 9:11 h9nz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּרְתוּ־לָ֥⁠נוּ בְרִֽית 1 See how you translated the phrase **cut a covenant for us** in [9:6](../09/06.md).
410 9:12 otie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go צֵאתֵ֖⁠נוּ לָ⁠לֶ֣כֶת אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 In contexts such as this, your language may say “coming” and “go” rather than **going** and **come**. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “our coming out to go to you”
411 9:12 bwk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations הִנֵּ֣ה 1 The men of Gibeon are using the term **behold** to focus attention on what they are about to say about their bread. See how you translated the word **behold** in [2:18](../02/18.md) where it occurs with the same meaning.
412 9:12 apm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נִקֻּדִֽים 1 See how you translated the word **crumbs** in [9:6](../09/06.md).
413 9:13 tjtj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown נֹאד֤וֹת הַ⁠יַּ֨יִן֙ 1 See how you translated the phrase **skins of wine** in [9:4](../09/04.md) where it occurs with the same meaning.
414 9:13 yyy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations וְ⁠הִנֵּ֖ה 1 Here, the Gibeonite men use the word **behold** to draw attention to what they say in the rest of this verse. See how you translated this word in the previous verse where it occurs with the same meaning.
415 9:13 np0h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַ⁠דֶּ֖רֶךְ 1 See how you translated the phrase **the road** in [9:11](../09/11.md) where it occurs with the same meaning.
416 9:15 v90y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וַ⁠יַּ֨עַשׂ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea with an adjective or in some other way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Joshua agreed that the Israelites would have a peaceful relationship with the Gibeonites” or “And Joshua agreed that the Israelite people would have a peaceful relationship with the Gibeonite people”
417 9:15 ww7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּכְרֹ֥ת…בְּרִ֖ית 1 See how you translated the phrase **cut a covenant** in [9:6](../09/06.md).
418 9:16 jsm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּרְת֥וּ לָ⁠הֶ֖ם בְּרִ֑ית 1 See how you translated the phrase **cut a covenant for them** in the previous verse.
419 9:16 hvn0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וַֽ⁠יִּשְׁמְע֗וּ כִּי־קְרֹבִ֥ים הֵם֙ אֵלָ֔י⁠ו וּ⁠בְ⁠קִרְבּ֖⁠וֹ הֵ֥ם יֹשְׁבִֽים 1 The phrase **they were near to them** and the phrase **they were dwelling among them** mean basically the same thing. The author says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to emphasize that the Gibeonites lived close to the Israelites. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one and show the emphasis in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that they heard that they really lived close to them!”
420 9:17 s1u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֑י 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here. Alternate translation: “after traveling for three days”
421 9:17 q18q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּפִירָ֔ה וּ⁠בְאֵר֖וֹת וְ⁠קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים 1 **Kephirah** and **Beeroth** and **Kiriath Jearim** are the names of cities. The name **Beeroth** means “” and the name **Kiriath Jearim** means “city of forests.”
422 9:18 c632 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠לֹ֤א הִכּוּ⁠ם֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ לָ⁠הֶם֙ נְשִׂיאֵ֣י הָֽ⁠עֵדָ֔ה בַּֽ⁠יהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “And because the leaders of the congregation had sworn to them by Yahweh the God of Israel, the sons of Israel did not strike them down”
423 9:19 vrwa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns אֲנַ֨חְנוּ֙ 1 The **leaders** use the word **ourselves** to emphasize that they had sworn not to kill the Gibeonites. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this emphasis.
424 9:19 z1k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֹ֥א נוּכַ֖ל לִ⁠נְגֹּ֥עַ בָּ⁠הֶֽם 1 Here, the **leaders** use the phrase **touch them**, to mean “kill them.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “we are not able to kill them”
425 9:20 ak2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֤ה עָלֵ֨י⁠נוּ֙ קֶ֔צֶף 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wrath**, you could express the same idea with an adjective or in some other way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh will not be angry with us”
426 9:21 irye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וַ⁠יֹּאמְר֧וּ אֲלֵי⁠הֶ֛ם הַ⁠נְּשִׂיאִ֖ים 1 It might seem that the phrase **And the leaders said to them** contains redundant information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you could leave this phrase untranslated and continue the quotation of the leaders words in the previous verse with the words **Let them live** in this verse, as modeled by the UST.
427 9:21 wg7n וַ⁠יֹּאמְר֧וּ אֲלֵי⁠הֶ֛ם הַ⁠נְּשִׂיאִ֖ים יִֽחְי֑וּ וַ֠⁠יִּֽהְיוּ חֹטְבֵ֨י עֵצִ֤ים וְ⁠שֹֽׁאֲבֵי־מַ֨יִם֙ לְ⁠כָל־הָ֣⁠עֵדָ֔ה כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבְּר֥וּ לָ⁠הֶ֖ם הַ⁠נְּשִׂיאִֽים 1 The words the ULT translates as **So they became cutters of trees and drawers of water for all the congregation** could be: (1) The comments of the author of Joshua. This is the interpretation modeled by the ULT and UST. (2) A continuation of the quotation of the leaders words **Let them live**. Alternate translation: “And the leaders said to them, “Let them live, but let them be cutters of trees and drawers of water for all the congregation.” So the leaders kept their oath to them”
428 9:22 k125 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לָ⁠מָּה֩ רִמִּיתֶ֨ם אֹתָ֜⁠נוּ 1 The author is not asking for information, but is using the question form to rebuke the Gibeonites for deceiving the Israelites. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way.
429 9:22 ylp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לָ⁠מָּה֩ רִמִּיתֶ֨ם אֹתָ֜⁠נוּ לֵ⁠אמֹ֗ר רְחוֹקִ֨ים אֲנַ֤חְנוּ מִ⁠כֶּם֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְ⁠אַתֶּ֖ם בְּ⁠קִרְבֵּ֥⁠נוּ יֹשְׁבִֽים 1 If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Why did you deceive us by telling us that you live very far from us when in fact, you are dwelling among us” or “Why did you deceive us by telling us that you live very far from us when you are actually dwelling among us”
430 9:23 zlp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠בֵ֥ית אֱלֹהָֽ⁠י 1 Here this phrase refers to the dwelling place of Yahweh, the Tabernacle.
431 9:25 a5un rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet כַּ⁠טּ֨וֹב וְ⁠כַ⁠יָּשָׁ֧ר 1 The words “good” and “right” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Whatever seems fair and just”
432 9:26 gy9c לָ⁠הֶ֖ם 1 The word “them” here refers to the Gibeonites.