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@ -1740,7 +1740,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
15:10 j3mw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠עֹזֵ֣ב אֹ֑רַח 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person no longer behaving righteously but behaving wickedly as if that person **forsakes** the righteous **path**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is for one who stops living righteously”\n
15:11 n1e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet שְׁא֣וֹל וַ֭⁠אֲבַדּוֹן 1 **Sheol** and **Abaddon** both refer to the place where people’s spirits go when they die. Solomon is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. See how you translated **Sheol** in [1:12](../01/12.md). Alternate translation: “the place where the spirits of dead people dwell” or “the place of the dead”
15:11 ysty rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֶ֣גֶד 1 Here, Solomon refers to **Yahweh** knowing everything about **Sheol and Abaddon** as if they were in front of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are fully known by”
15:11 b6if rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אַ֝֗ף כִּֽי־לִבּ֥וֹת בְּֽנֵי־אָדָֽם 1 Solomon is using the question form to emphasize that, since Yahweh knows everything about the place of the dead, it is more obvious that he knows everything about **the hearts of the sons of man**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “so he certainly knows the hearts of the sons of man!”
15:11 r3gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִבּ֥וֹת 1 See how you translated the same use of “heart” in [2:2](../02/02.md).
15:11 x6mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּֽנֵי־אָדָֽם 1 See how you translated this phrase in [8:4](../08/04.md).
15:12 dksc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֵ֭ץ הוֹכֵ֣חַֽ ל֑⁠וֹ & לֹ֣א יֵלֵֽךְ 1 **A mocker**, **one who rebukes**, **he**, and **him** represent types of people, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any mocker … any person who rebukes that person … that person will not go”
@ -1996,7 +1995,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
16:28 is7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַפְרִ֥יד אַלּֽוּף 1 Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that this phrase refers to separating **a close friend** from that person’s friend. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “is one who separates a close friend from his friend” or “is one who separates close friends”
16:29 mk94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֣ישׁ חָ֭מָס & רֵעֵ֑⁠הוּ וְ֝⁠הוֹלִיכ֗⁠וֹ 1 **A man of violence**, **his neighbor**, **he**, and **him** here refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person of violence … that person’s neighbor, and that person leads that neighbor”
16:29 i6a5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אִ֣ישׁ חָ֭מָס 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:31](../03/31.md).
16:29 f3dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠הוֹלִיכ֗⁠וֹ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ 1 Here, Solomon refers to **A man of violence** causing **his neighbor** to behave in a manner **that is not good** as if he were leading **his neighbor** down a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of **way** in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “and he causes him to behave in a manner”
16:29 f3dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠הוֹלִיכ֗⁠וֹ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ 1 Here, Solomon refers to **A man of violence** causing **his neighbor** to behave in a manner **that is not good** as if he were leading **his neighbor** down a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md). Alternate translation: “and he causes him to behave in a manner”
16:29 c2qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ לֹא־טֽוֹב 1 This could refer to: (1) behavior **that is not good**. Alternate translation: “to behave in a manner that is not good” (2) behavior that results in something **not good** happening to that person. Alternate translation: “to behave in a manner that has not good results”
16:29 m8qs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־טֽוֹב 1 Here, Solomon uses the negative word **not** with **good** to emphasize how bad this **way** is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that is very bad”
16:30 wy6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עֹצֶ֣ה עֵ֭ינָי⁠ו לַ⁠חְשֹׁ֣ב & קֹרֵ֥ץ שְׂ֝פָתָ֗י⁠ו כִּלָּ֥ה רָעָֽה 1 **One who shuts his eyes** and **one who compresses his lips** here refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “People who shut their eyes plan … people who compress their lips bring evil to completion”
@ -2005,7 +2004,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
16:31 hqfg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שֵׂיבָ֑ה 1 **Gray hair** here refers to old age, which is when people’s **hair** usually becomes **Gray**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Old age”
16:31 aj89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲטֶ֣רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת 1 Here, Solomon refers to the honor of being an old person as if the old person’s **Gray hair** were a **crown of splendor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning or use a simile. See how you translated **a crown of splendor** in [4:9](../04/09.md). Alternate translation: “is a great honor” or “is like a crown of splendor on an old person’s head”
16:31 d1fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠דֶ֥רֶךְ צְ֝דָקָ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **way** that is characterized by **righteousness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “in the righteous way”
16:31 thaf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠דֶ֥רֶךְ 1 See how you translated the same use of **way** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
16:31 thaf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠דֶ֥רֶךְ 1 See how you translated the same use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
16:31 y1am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּמָּצֵֽא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a person finds it”
16:31 andi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּמָּצֵֽא 1 Here, Solomon refers to becoming old, which **Gray hair** represents, as if it were an object that a person could find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it is obtained”\n
16:32 x3rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֶ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם מִ⁠גִּבּ֑וֹר וּ⁠מֹשֵׁ֥ל בְּ֝⁠רוּח֗⁠וֹ מִ⁠לֹּכֵ֥ד 1 Here, **one long of nostrils**, **a mighty one**, **on who rules his spirit**, and **one who captures** represent these types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “is any person long of nostrils than any mighty person, and any person who rules over that person’s spirit than any person who captures”
@ -2270,77 +2269,150 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
18:24 jsbe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠הִתְרֹעֵ֑עַ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person being destroyed as if he were **broken**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will experience destruction” or “will be destroyed”\n
18:24 wg3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לְ⁠הִתְרֹעֵ֑עַ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will experience ruin”
18:24 zc7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דָּבֵ֥ק מֵ⁠אָֽח 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person’s friend being more loyal than **a brother** as if that friend were **clinging** to him **more than a brother** would. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is more faithful than”
19:intro nbz8 0 # Proverbs 19 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 19 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nChapters 16–22 mostly contain proverbs in which the second of two parallel clauses completes, emphasizes, or qualifies the idea of the first clause. Chapter 19 also contains contrasting parallelism ([19:4](../19/04.md), [12](../19/12.md), [14](../19/14.md), [16](../19/16.md), [21](../19/21.md)) and parallelism in which both clauses have the same meaning for emphasis ([18:7](../18/07.md), [15](../18/15.md), [20](../18/20.md)). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
19:1 ev8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הוֹלֵ֣ךְ 1 See how you translated a similar use of walk in [3:23](../03/23.md).
19:1 ljmz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠תֻמּ֑⁠וֹ 1
19:1 eixg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠תֻמּ֑⁠וֹ 1
19:1 bpi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who walks in his integrity 0 This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. Alternate translation: “who lives in his integrity” or “who lives an honest life”
19:1 wj4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns is perverse in speech 0 The word “speech” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks in an evil way”
19:2 u1uj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to have desire without knowledge 0 This refers to people trying to do something without the knowledge for how to correctly do it. Alternate translation: “to work hard without knowing what you are doing”
19:2 f2pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the one who runs too fast misses the path 0 This speaks of a person doing something too quickly and making mistakes as if running too quickly and missing the path. Alternate translation: “the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes” or “the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices”
19:3 ivv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his heart rages 0 Here a person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “he rages”
19:4 q8uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Wealth adds many friends 0 This means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who are wealthy easily find many friends”
19:4 v5qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a poor person is separated from his friends 0 A poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poverty causes a person to lose his friends”
19:5 i2ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes he who breathes out lies will not escape 0 This means that he will be captured. Alternate translation: “they will capture the one who breathes out lies”
19:5 q13j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom breathes out lies 0 This is an idiom. Here “breathes” refers to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies”
19:6 gms6 a generous person 0 someone who often gives away things
19:6 q978 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole everyone is a friend 0 The word “everyone” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “it seems that everyone is a friend” or “almost everyone is a friend”
19:7 vs3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit how much more do his friends who go far away from him! 0 This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “therefore his friends will certainly hate him and go far away from him!”
19:8 ll4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy loves his own life 0 Here the person is referred to by his “life” to emphasize himself being alive. Alternate translation: “loves himself”
19:8 v9e9 keeps understanding 0 Alternate translation: “has understanding”
19:9 phm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives A false witness will not go unpunished 0 This can be written in positive and active form. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:5](../19/05.md). Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:9 a1nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom breathes out lies 0 This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying easily. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “easily lies”
19:10 f4zn It is not fitting 0 Alternate translation: “It is not right”
19:10 pq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis much less for a slave 0 The words “it is” and “fitting” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “it is much less fitting for a slave” or “it is even worse for a slave”
19:11 ah27 Discretion makes a person slow to anger 0 Alternate translation: “A person who has discretion is slow to become angry”
19:11 j1li Discretion 0 This means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
19:11 p96c it is his glory to overlook 0 Alternate translation: “it will bring him glory to overlook” or “others will consider it honorable if he overlooks”
19:12 vbv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The wrath of the king is like the roaring of a young lion 0 Here the lion’s roaring refers to attacking. The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. Alternate translation: “The wrath of the king is as dangerous as the attack of a young lion” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
19:12 m29g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile but his favor is like dew on the grass 0 The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that appears on grass in the morning. Alternate translation: “but his favor is refreshing like dew on grass” or “but his favor is refreshing like the dew on the ground in the morning”
19:13 v325 is ruin to his father 0 Alternate translation: “will ruin a father”
19:13 s1nw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a quarreling wife is a constant dripping of water 0 This speaks of an annoying wife as if she were the constant dripping of water. Alternate translation: “a quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water”
19:13 l7wk a quarreling wife 0 Alternate translation: “an arguing wife” or “a disagreeing wife”
19:14 t54q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive A house and wealth are inherited from parents 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents”
19:14 csr4 prudent 0 See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
19:14 jw8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a prudent wife is from Yahweh 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gives a prudent wife”
19:15 ye6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Laziness throws a person into a deep sleep 0 This speaks of how laziness causes a person to sleep a lot as if laziness forcefully throws the person into sleep. Alternate translation: “Laziness makes a person sleep a lot” or “A lazy person sleeps a lot”
19:15 jcb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom go hungry 0 This is an idiom which means to not eat. Alternate translation: “not eat” or “be hungry”
19:16 xr2k the command 0 Alternate translation: “the command that he was taught”
19:16 v2yl guards his life 0 Alternate translation: “protects his life”
19:16 ik59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom his ways 0 This is an idiom which refers to how he lives. Alternate translation: “the way that he lives” or “how he lives”
19:17 zw6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Whoever is kind to the poor lends to Yahweh 0 Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh”
19:17 qx9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the poor 0 This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people”
19:18 nw29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit while there is hope 0 This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught”
19:18 hky1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom set your desire on putting him 0 This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him”
19:19 f2vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom must pay the penalty 0 This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:19 s1da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit if you rescue him 0 “if you save him.” This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if you rescue him after he has had an outburst”
19:19 dnq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal a second time 0 “another time” or “again”
19:20 gby8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Listen to advice and accept instruction 0 These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize how important it is.
19:20 egn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Listen to advice 0 This is an idiom. Here “listening” does not mean to merely listen, but to learn from the advice you are given and to follow it. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to advice” or “Follow advice”
19:21 c7qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in a person’s heart 0 Here the “heart” is used to refer to the “mind” to emphasize a person’s desire. Alternate translation: “in a person’s mind” or “that a person desires”
19:21 f82d the purpose of Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s purpose” or “Yahweh’s plans”
19:21 q568 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom that will stand 0 This idiom means to “happen.” Alternate translation: “that will happen”
19:23 x7qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Honor for Yahweh leads people to life; anyone who has it will be satisfied 0 This means that they will live a long time if they honor Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who honor Yahweh will live a long time; anyone who honors Yahweh will be satisfied”
19:23 h31x anyone who has it 0 Here the word “it” refers to “honor for Yahweh.”
19:23 gyg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive satisfied and not afflicted by harm 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “satisfied; nothing will harm him” or “satisfied; he will be safe”
19:24 wf2e sluggard 0 See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 10:26](../10/26.md).
19:24 r5yj buries his hand in the dish 0 “dips his hand in the dish” or “puts his hand in his plate.” In the Biblical culture people usually ate with their hands as people do in many cultures today.
19:24 r3ts rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he will not even bring it back up to his mouth 0 He does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. Alternate translation: “but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself”
19:25 svj3 Strike a mocker, and the naive person 0 Alternate translation: “If you strike a mocker, the naive person”
19:25 k69j Strike a mocker 0 Alternate translation: “Punish a mocker”
19:25 v49d prudent 0 See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
19:25 m391 discipline one who is discerning, and 0 Alternate translation: “if you discipline one who is discerning,”
19:25 wwq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns he will gain knowledge 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more”
19:26 g233 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit brings shame and reproach 0 This could mean: (1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or (2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family”
19:27 n4av rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy If you cease to hear instruction 0 Here “listening and obeying” is spoken of as if it were “hearing.” Alternate translation: “If you stop paying attention to instruction” or “If you stop obeying instruction”
19:27 s24z you will stray from 0 Alternate translation: “you will abandon” or “you will turn your back on”
19:27 y3ln the words of knowledge 0 Alternate translation: “knowledge”
19:28 d2w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the mouth of the wicked swallows iniquity 0 This speaks of how wicked people enjoy doing evil by saying that they swallow iniquity as easily as they swallow food. Alternate translation: “the wicked enjoy doing evil as much as they enjoy eating food”
19:28 aq9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the mouth of the wicked swallows 0 The phrase “the mouth of the wicked” represents wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people swallow” or “the wicked swallow”
19:28 g9y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wicked 0 This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked person”
19:29 d4f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Condemnation is ready for mockers and flogging for 0 The words “condemnation” and “flogging” may be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog”
19:29 ray2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis flogging for the backs of fools 0 The words “is ready” are understood from the previous phrase and may be repeated. Alternate translation: “flogging is ready for the backs of fools” or “he is ready to flog the backs”
19:29 r21d flogging 0 beating with a whip or stick
19:intro nbz8 0 # Proverbs 19 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 19 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nChapters 16–22 mostly contain proverbs in which the second of two parallel clauses completes, emphasizes, or qualifies the idea of the first clause. Chapter 19 also contains contrasting parallelism ([19:4](../19/04.md), [12](../19/12.md), [14](../19/14.md), [16](../19/16.md), [21](../19/21.md)) and parallelism in which both clauses have the same meaning for emphasis ([19:5](../19/05.md), [9](../19/09.md)). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
19:1 nu2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָ֭שׁ & בְּ⁠תֻמּ֑⁠וֹ מֵ⁠עִקֵּ֥שׁ שְׂ֝פָתָ֗י⁠ו וְ⁠ה֣וּא כְסִֽיל 1 Here, **one who is poor**, **his**, **one who is crooked**, **he**, and **a stupid one** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “is a poor person … in that person’s integrity than a person who is crooked in that one’s lips and is a stupid person”
19:1 ljmz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בְּ⁠תֻמּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person behaving with **integrity** as if **integrity** were a place that person **walks in**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar use of “walk” in [3:23](../03/23.md). Alternate translation: “who behaves with integrity”\n
19:1 eixg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠תֻמּ֑⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **integrity** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
19:1 wj4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵ⁠עִקֵּ֥שׁ שְׂ֝פָתָ֗י⁠ו 1 Here, Solomon uses the phrase **crooked in his lips** to refer to someone who speaks deceptively. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of **crooked** in [2:15](../02/15.md). Alternate translation: “than one who speaks with deception”\n
19:2 hytc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נֶ֣פֶשׁ & וְ⁠אָ֖ץ 1 Here, **a life** and **one who hurries** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any life … and any person who hurries”
19:2 dg4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֶ֣פֶשׁ 1 Here, **life** could refer to: (1) a living person. Alternate translation: “a person” (2) a person’s desire or zeal. Alternate translation: “desire”
19:2 ni3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דַ֣עַת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
19:2 u1uj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹא־ט֑וֹב 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “is extremely bad”
19:2 f2pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אָ֖ץ בְּ⁠רַגְלַ֣יִם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person doing something too hastily as if he **hurries** by running **with** his **feet**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and one who acts too quickly”
19:2 ilzr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אָ֖ץ בְּ⁠רַגְלַ֣יִם 1 If you translated **life** in the previous clause as “person,” then this parallel clause would refer to someone **who hurries** to do something before having the **knowledge** to act rightly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and one who acts too quickly without knowledge”
19:2 mmjs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חוֹטֵֽא 1 Here, the word translated as **sins** could refer to: (1) someone acting sinfully, which is the most frequent meaning for this word. Alternate translation: “acts sinfully” (2) someone making a mistake. Alternate translation: “makes a mistake” or “errs”
19:3 nqlp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אִוֶּ֣לֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
19:3 aksc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָ֭דָם & דַּרְכּ֑⁠וֹ & לִבּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Although **man** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person … that person’s way … that person’s heart”
19:3 e60t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תְּסַלֵּ֣ף 1 Here, **folly** is spoken of as if it were a person who could **lead** someone **astray**. This expression means that foolish people will ruin their lives because they act foolishly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will result in ruining”\n
19:3 ugj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, **way** refers to a person’s life circumstances. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his life”
19:3 h7id rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠עַל־יְ֝הוָ֗ה יִזְעַ֥ף לִבּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon implies that the foolish **man** rages **against Yahweh** because he blames **Yahweh** for his destruction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and his heart will rage against Yahweh because he blames Yahweh for his destruction”
19:3 ivv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לִבּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **heart** refers to the whole person with emphasis on that person’s emotions. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [15:14](../15/14.md).\n
19:4 q8uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ה֗וֹן יֹ֭סִיף רֵעִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים 1 Here, Solomon implies that a person who is wealthy will have **many companions** because **wealth** attracts people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Wealth causes a person to have many friends”
19:4 crq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ֝⁠דָ֗ל מֵרֵ֥ע⁠הוּ 1 Here, **a lowly one** and **his** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific **lowly one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “but any lowly person … from that person’s companions”
19:4 zxhi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠דָ֗ל 1 See how you translated the same use of **lowly** in [10:15](../10/15.md).
19:4 vuv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ֝⁠דָ֗ל & יִפָּרֵֽד 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but poverty separates a lowly one”
19:4 v5qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵרֵ֥ע⁠הוּ יִפָּרֵֽד 1 Solomon implies that **a lowly one is separated from** his friends because of his poverty. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is separated from his friends because of his poverty”
19:5 kpgl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism עֵ֣ד שְׁ֭קָרִים לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶ֑ה וְ⁠יָפִ֥יחַ כְּ֝זָבִ֗ים לֹ֣א יִמָּלֵֽט 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second phrase emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “A witness of falsehoods will not be blameless, yes, he who breathes out lies will not escape”
19:5 g51i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עֵ֣ד שְׁ֭קָרִים & וְ⁠יָפִ֥יחַ כְּ֝זָבִ֗ים 1 **A witness of falsehoods** and **he who breathes out lies** refer to a type of person, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any witness of falsehoods … and any person who breathes out lies”
19:5 z13t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֵ֣ד שְׁ֭קָרִים 1 See how you translated this phrase in [12:17](../12/17.md).
19:5 i2ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶ֑ה 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “will certainly be blamed”
19:5 q13j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠יָפִ֥יחַ כְּ֝זָבִ֗ים 1 See how you translated **breathes out lies** in [6:19](../06/19.md).
19:5 u24z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹ֣א יִמָּלֵֽט 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “will certainly be caught”
19:5 h9bo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹ֣א יִמָּלֵֽט 1 Here, Solomon implies that someone **who breathes out lies will not escape** punishment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will not escape punishment”
19:6 gms6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj רַ֭בִּים 1 Here, Solomon uses the adjective **many** as a noun to mean “many people.” Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “Many people”\n
19:6 w6ck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun פְנֵֽי־נָדִ֑יב & הָ֝⁠רֵ֗עַ לְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ מַתָּֽן 1 Here, **the face**, **a noble**, **the friend**, and **a man of gift** refer to faces and types of people in general, not a specific **face** or person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “the faces of any noble … is any friend of any man of gift”
19:6 pb47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche פְנֵֽי־נָדִ֑יב 1 The phrase **face** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the noble person”
19:6 ggdr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נָדִ֑יב 1 Here, **noble** refers to someone who has **noble** character, not nobility. See how you translated the same use of “nobles” in [17:26](../17/26.md).\n
19:6 q978 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וְ⁠כָל 1 Solomon says **everyone** here as an extreme statement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “and almost everyone”
19:6 beuw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָ֝⁠רֵ֗עַ 1 Here, Solomon implies that **everyone** wants to be **the friend of a man of gift**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “want to be the friend”
19:6 pt1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ מַתָּֽן 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by giving gifts. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “of a man who gives gifts”
19:7 hqla rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אֲחֵי 1 Although the term brothers is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. See how you translated the same use of **brothers** in [6:19](../06/19.md).\n
19:7 t9i5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָ֨שׁ ׀ שְֽׂנֵאֻ֗⁠הוּ & מְ֭רֵעֵ⁠הוּ & מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ מְרַדֵּ֖ף 1 Here, **one who is poor**, **him**, **his**, and **He** refer to a type of person in general, not one particular **poor** person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated **one who is poor** in [14:20](../14/20.md). Alternate translation: “any person who is poor hate that person … that person’s friends … from that person! That person pursues”
19:7 yznv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שְֽׂנֵאֻ֗⁠הוּ 1 This could mean: (1) these people despise the **one who is poor**, as in the UST. (2) these people avoid or shun **one who is poor**, which would have a similar meaning to **go far away from** in the next clause. Alternate translation: “shun him”
19:7 vs3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מְרַדֵּ֖ף אֲמָרִ֣ים לא־הֵֽמָּה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “He pursues them with words, but they are not there”
19:7 s6qc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְרַדֵּ֖ף אֲמָרִ֣ים 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone pleading for help from his **brothers** and **friends** as if he were using **words** to chase them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He pleads with them for help”
19:7 xpq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֲמָרִ֣ים 1 See how you translated the same use of **words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
19:8 zntn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun קֹֽנֶה & נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ & שֹׁמֵ֥ר 1 **One who is acquires**, **his**, and **one who keeps** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. See how you translated **one who keeps** in [10:17](../10/17.md). Alternate translation: “any person who is acquires … that person’s life … any person who keeps”
19:8 g01m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy קֹֽנֶה־לֵּ֭ב 1 Here, Solomon uses **heart** to refer to a person’s ability to think. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “One who acquires the ability to think”\n
19:8 xthn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֹהֵ֣ב נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, **loves his life** has the positive meaning of taking care of oneself or doing what is best for one’s well-being. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “does what benefits his life”
19:8 ll4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, **life** refers to the person himself. See how you translated the same use of **life** in [8:36](../08/36.md).
19:8 v9e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֹׁמֵ֥ר תְּ֝בוּנָ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone preserving or remembering **understanding** as if it were an object that someone **keeps**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of “keep” in [5:2](../05/02.md). Alternate translation: “one who preserves understanding”
19:8 frod rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תְּ֝בוּנָ֗ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
19:8 qxjz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִ⁠מְצֹא 1 Here, **is to** has the meaning of “is destined to” or “is certain of.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is destined to find” or “is certain of finding”
19:8 u993 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠מְצֹא־טֽוֹב 1 See how you translated **find good** in [16:20](../16/20.md).
19:9 o5k1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism עֵ֣ד שְׁ֭קָרִים לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶ֑ה וְ⁠יָפִ֖יחַ כְּזָבִ֣ים יֹאבֵֽד 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “A witness of falsehoods will not be blameless, yes, one who breathes out lies will perish”
19:9 phm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes עֵ֣ד שְׁ֭קָרִים לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶ֑ה 1 See how you translated this clause in [19:5](../19/05.md).
19:9 a1nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠יָפִ֖יחַ כְּזָבִ֣ים 1 See how you translated **breathes out lies** in [6:19](../06/19.md) and [19:5](../19/05.md).
19:10 f4zn תַּעֲנ֑וּג 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **Luxury**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “What is luxurious”
19:10 ddav rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לִ⁠כְסִ֣יל & לְ⁠עֶ֤בֶד 1 See how you translated **a stupid one** in [10:18](../10/18.md) and **a slave** in [11:29](../11/29.md).
19:10 pq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַ֝֗ף כִּֽי־לְ⁠עֶ֤בֶד 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “how much less suitable is it for a slave”
19:11 ah27 שֵׂ֣כֶל & וְ֝⁠תִפאַרְתּ֗⁠וֹ & פָּֽשַׁע 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **insight** in [1:3](../01/03.md), **splendor** in [4:9](../04/09.md), and **transgression** in [10:19](../10/19.md).
19:11 xl98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָ֭דָם & אַפּ֑⁠וֹ וְ֝⁠תִפאַרְתּ֗⁠וֹ 1 Although **a man** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person … that person’s nose … and that person’s splendor”\n
19:11 j1li rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הֶאֱרִ֣יךְ אַפּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to not getting angry quickly as if a person’s **nose** became **long**. The word **nose** here means “anger” by association with the way that a person who is angry breathes heavily through his **nose**. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If so, you could use an expression involving that part of the body in your translation. You could also use plain language. See how you translated the similar expression “long of nostrils” in [14:29](../14/29.md). Alternate translation: “causes him to not easily vent his spleen” or “causes him to not get angry quickly”\n
19:11 p96c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲבֹ֣ר עַל 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person ignoring or forgiving **a transgression** as if that person passes **over** it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is to ignore” or “is to forgive”
19:11 d4i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun פָּֽשַׁע 1 Here, the word **transgression** represents transgressions in general, not one particular **transgression**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any transgression”
19:11 n3cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פָּֽשַׁע 1 Here, Solomon implies that this is **a transgression** that someone has committed against the person who passes **over** it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a transgression that someone has committed against him”
19:12 ctdo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns זַ֣עַף & רְצוֹנֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **rage** in [11:23](../11/23.md) and **favor** in [3:4](../03/04.md).
19:12 wihx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun כַּ֭⁠כְּפִיר & מֶ֑לֶךְ & רְצוֹנֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **a king**, **the young lion**, and **his** refer to kings and young lions in general, not to a specific **king** or **young lion**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any king … like any young lion … that king’s favor”
19:12 r1hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis נַ֣הַם כַּ֭⁠כְּפִיר 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “is a growling like the growling of the young lion”
19:12 vbv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile נַ֣הַם כַּ֭⁠כְּפִיר 1 Solomon is saying that **The rage of a king** is like the **growling** of **the young lion** because both frighten people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “is frightening like the growling of the young lion”
19:12 m29g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וּ⁠כְ⁠טַ֖ל עַל־עֵ֣שֶׂב רְצוֹנֽ⁠וֹ 1 Solomon is saying that a king’s **favor** is like **dew on vegetation** because both are refreshing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “but his favor is refreshing like dew on vegetation”
19:13 l2im rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לְ֭⁠אָבִי⁠ו בֵּ֣ן כְּסִ֑יל 1 Although **son** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using those words in a generic sense that could refer to either a male or female child. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “A stupid child … to that child’s father”\n
19:13 u5yi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַוֺּ֣ת לְ֭⁠אָבִי⁠ו 1 Here, Solomon refers to a **stupid son** ruining the life of **his father** as if he were his father’s **destruction**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “ruins his father”
19:13 kqaf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠דֶ֥לֶף טֹ֝רֵ֗ד מִדְיְנֵ֥י אִשָּֽׁה 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and a continual dripping are the quarrels of a wife”
19:13 s1nw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠דֶ֥לֶף טֹ֝רֵ֗ד 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **the quarrels of a wife** being annoying as if they were continually **dripping** water. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “and bothersome” or “and as annoying as a continual dripping of water”
19:13 l7wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִדְיְנֵ֥י 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **quarrels** in [6:14](../06/14.md).
19:13 i66m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִדְיְנֵ֥י אִשָּֽׁה 1 Here, **quarrels** could refer to: (1) **quarrels** between **a wife** and her husband. Alternate translation: “the quarrels of a wife with her husband” (2) **quarrels** between **a wife** and other people in general. Alternate translation: “the quarrels of a wife with other people”
19:13 v325 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִשָּֽׁה 1 See how you translated **a wife** in [18:22](../18/22.md).
19:14 t54q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בַּ֣יִת וָ֭⁠הוֹן נַחֲלַ֣ת אָב֑וֹת & אִשָּׁ֥ה מַשְׂכָּֽלֶת 1 **A house**, **the inheritance**, and **a wife** here do not refer to specific things or people, but refer to these things and people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural phrases. Alternate translation: “Houses and wealth are the inheritances of fathers … are wives who have insight”\n
19:14 xvb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns נַחֲלַ֣ת & מַשְׂכָּֽלֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **inheritance** in [17:2](../17/02.md) and **insight** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
19:15 ye6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַ֭צְלָה תַּפִּ֣יל תַּרְדֵּמָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a lazy person sleeping deeply as if **Laziness** were something that **causes deep sleep to fall** on that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Laziness makes a person sleep deeply” or “A lazy person sleeps deeply”
19:15 wpre rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠נֶ֖פֶשׁ רְמִיָּ֣ה תִרְעָֽב 1 Here, **and** indicates that what follows is the result of the **deep sleep** caused by **Laziness** in the previous phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “and results in that life of idleness being hungry”\n
19:15 hg8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עַ֭צְלָה & רְמִיָּ֣ה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **Laziness** and **idleness**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **idleness** in [10:4](../10/04.md). Alternate translation: “Being lazy … being idle”
19:15 nob9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠נֶ֖פֶשׁ רְמִיָּ֣ה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **life** that is characterized by **idleness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and an idle life”
19:15 k2ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠נֶ֖פֶשׁ 1 Here, **life** refers to the person himself. See how you translated the same use of **life** in [8:36](../08/36.md).
19:16 xr2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שֹׁמֵ֣ר מִ֭צְוָה שֹׁמֵ֣ר נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ בּוֹזֵ֖ה דְרָכָ֣י⁠ו 1 **One who keeps**, **a commandment**, **his**, and **one who despises** here do not refer to specific things or people, but refer to these things and people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural phrases. Alternate translation: “Ones who keep commandments keep their lives, ones who despise their ways”
19:16 z605 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִ֭צְוָה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **commandment** in [6:20](../06/20.md).
19:16 v2yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֹׁמֵ֣ר נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [13:3](../13/03.md).\n
19:16 mkt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast בּוֹזֵ֖ה דְרָכָ֣י⁠ו יָמֽוּת 1 The content of this clause is in strong contrast to the content of the previous verse. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, one who despises his ways will die”
19:16 ik59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְרָכָ֣י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the same use of **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
19:17 dv44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ח֣וֹנֵֽן דָּ֑ל וּ֝⁠גְמֻל֗⁠וֹ יְשַׁלֶּם־לֽ⁠וֹ 1 **One who is gracious**, **a lowly one**, **him**, and **his** here refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who is gracious to any lowly person … and that gracious person’s dealing he will repay to that person”
19:17 qx9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דָּ֑ל 1 See how you translated the same use of **lowly** in [10:15](../10/15.md).
19:17 zw6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַלְוֵ֣ה יְ֭הוָה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone doing something that Yahweh will reward that person for doing as if that person **lends** money **to Yahweh** that **he will repay**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “does something that Yahweh will reward” or “is like one who lends to Yahweh”
19:17 uq7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ֝⁠גְמֻל֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, **dealing** refers to what the person did to be **gracious to a lowly one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and his gracious deed”
19:17 few9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְשַׁלֶּם־לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of Yahweh rewarding someone for being **gracious to a lowly one** as if Yahweh were repaying a debt to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will reward him for”
19:18 briy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בִּ֭נְ⁠ךָ & הֲ֝מִית֗⁠וֹ 1 Although **son** and **him** are masculine, Solomon is using those words in a generic sense that could refer to either a male or female child. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “your child … put that child to death”
19:18 nw29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּי־יֵ֣שׁ תִּקְוָ֑ה 1 The phrase **when there is hope** refers to the time when a child is still willing to accept discipline from his parents. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “while he can still be taught”
19:18 hky1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אֶל־הֲ֝מִית֗⁠וֹ אַל־תִּשָּׂ֥א נַפְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 The phrase **lift up your soul** is an idiom that refers to being determined to do something. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and do not set your heart on putting him to death” or “and do not be determined to put him to death”
19:19 u02b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun גְּֽדָל־חֵ֭מָה 1 **One great of heat** represents a type of person in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person great of heat”
19:19 rynj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy גְּֽדָל־חֵ֭מָה 1 **One great of heat** refers to someone who is extremely angry. Here, **heat** refers to anger, which causes the angry person’s body to become hot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of **heat** in [6:34](../06/34.md). Alternate translation: “An extremely angry person”\n
19:19 f2vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom נֹ֣שֵׂא עֹ֑נֶשׁ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person experiencing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry as if those consequences were a **fine** that he **lifts up**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “must experience the consequences”
19:19 ubjy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֹ֑נֶשׁ 1 Here, Solomon implies that this **fine** is for something bad that the extremely angry has done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a fine for what he does when he is angry”
19:19 s1da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אִם־תַּ֝צִּ֗יל 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “if you rescue him from paying a fine” or “if you rescue him from trouble”
19:20 tu0g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֵ֭צָה & מוּסָ֑ר 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **counsel** in [1:25](../01/25.md) and **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
19:20 d4eg rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ֝מַ֗עַן תֶּחְכַּ֥ם 1 Here, **so that** indicates that what follows is the purpose for obeying the commands in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to express a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of becoming wise”
19:20 by9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠אַחֲרִיתֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 This could refer to: (1) the time near the **end** of one’s **life**. Alternate translation: “when you life is almost over” (2) a future point in time. Alternate translation: “in the future” or “eventually”
19:21 iuki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַחֲשָׁב֣וֹת בְּ⁠לֶב 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **the plans** that a person thinks about as if they were objects located **in** that person’s **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of heart in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “are the plans thought about by”
19:21 iadc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֑ישׁ 1 Although **man** is masculine, here it refers to any person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a person”\n
19:21 f82d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וַ⁠עֲצַ֥ת יְ֝הוָ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the **counsel** that **Yahweh** gives. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but the counsel that Yahweh gives”
19:21 m00n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וַ⁠עֲצַ֥ת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **counsel** in the previous verse.
19:21 q568 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הִ֣יא תָקֽוּם 1 Here, Solomon refers to **counsel** that is successful as if it were a person who could **stand**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same phrase in [15:22](../15/22.md). Alternate translation: “will be successful”\n
19:22 go5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תַּאֲוַ֣ת אָדָ֣ם 1 This phrase could mean: (1) what others desire in **a man**. Alternate translation: “What people desire in a man” or (2) what **a man** desires from other people. Alternate translation: “What a man desires”
19:22 dmcn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אָדָ֣ם חַסְדּ֑⁠וֹ & רָ֝שׁ מֵ⁠אִ֥ישׁ כָּזָֽב 1 Here, **a man**, **his**, **one who is poor**, and **a man of lying** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “a person is that person’s covenant faithfulness … is a person who is poor than a person of lying”
19:22 o1tb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חַסְדּ֑⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **covenant faithfulness** in [3:3](../03/03.md).
19:22 y02z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אִ֥ישׁ כָּזָֽב 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **lying**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “than a man characterized by lying” or “than a liar”
19:23 h31x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:7](../01/07.md).
19:23 x7qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠חַיִּ֑ים 1 See how you translated this phrase in [10:16](../10/16.md).
19:23 i3m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠שָׂבֵ֥עַ & בַּל־יִפָּ֥קֶד 1 Here, **the satisfied one** and **he** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “and any satisfied one … that person will not be visited by”
19:23 rsor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠שָׂבֵ֥עַ 1 Here, **the satisfied one** refers to a person who has **The fear of Yahweh**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and such a person is a satisfied one who”
19:23 lmjn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָ֝לִ֗ין 1 The phrase **stay overnight** here is an idiom that refers to resting or sleeping. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will rest”
19:23 gyg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּל־יִפָּ֥קֶד רָֽע 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “evil will not visit him”
19:23 lg6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בַּל־יִפָּ֥קֶד רָֽע 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person experiencing **evil** as if **evil** were a person who could visit him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will not experience evil”
19:23 x8ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy רָֽע 1 Here, **evil** refers to trouble that someone might experience as a result of **evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “trouble”\n
19:24 wf2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עָצֵ֣ל יָ֭ד⁠וֹ & גַּם־אֶל־פִּ֝֗י⁠הוּ לֹ֣א יְשִׁיבֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 **A lazy one**, **his**, and **he** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated this **A lazy one** in [10:26](../10/26.md). Alternate translation: “Any lazy one … that person’s hand … that person will not even return it to that person’s own mouth”
19:24 r5yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טָ֘מַ֤ן & יָ֭ד⁠וֹ בַּ⁠צַּלָּ֑חַת 1 In Solomon’s culture, people usually ate with their hands and put their hands **in a dish** in order to pick up food and eat it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “puts his hand in the dish in order to pick up food”
19:24 r3ts rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גַּם־אֶל־פִּ֝֗י⁠הוּ לֹ֣א יְשִׁיבֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 Here, Solomon implies that **A lazy one** does not **return** his hand **to his mouth** because he is too lazy to do so. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he is too lazy to even bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself”
19:25 atws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֵ֣ץ תַּ֭כֶּה 1 Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that **Strike** refers to a way of punishing **a mocker**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Punish a mocker by striking him”
19:25 svj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֵ֣ץ & וּ⁠פֶ֣תִי & לְ֝⁠נָב֗וֹן יָבִ֥ין 1 Here, **a mocker**, **a naive one**, **an understanding one**, and **he** refer to a types of person in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated this **a mocker** in [9:7](../09/07.md), **a naive one** in [14:15](../14/15.md), and **an understanding one** in [17:10](../17/10.md). Alternate translation: “any mocker and any naive one … is for any understanding one, that person will understand”
19:25 k69j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠פֶ֣תִי יַעְרִ֑ם 1 Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that **a naive one will become prudent** as the result of seeing someone **Strike a mocker**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and a naive one will see this happen and become prudent”
19:25 wwq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דָּֽעַת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
19:26 ofqn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מְֽשַׁדֶּד־אָ֭ב 1 **One who does violence** here refers to this type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person who does violence”
19:26 qnqz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָ֭ב & אֵ֑ם 1 Solomon implies that **father** and **mother** here refer to the **father** and **mother** of **One who does violence**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to his father … his mother” or “to that person’s father … that person’s mother”
19:26 lqgg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בֵּ֝֗ן 1 Although **son** is masculine, Solomon is using those words in a generic sense that could refer to either a male or female child. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “is a child”\n
19:26 h1xp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מְֽשַׁדֶּד & מֵבִ֥ישׁ וּ⁠מַחְפִּֽיר 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **violence**, **shame**, and **embarrassment**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **violence** in [3:31](../03/31.md) and **shame** in [6:33](../06/33.md). Alternate translation: “One who is violent … who shames and embarrasses”
19:27 n4av rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony חַֽדַל & לִ⁠שְׁמֹ֣עַ מוּסָ֑ר 1 Here Solomon is using irony. By doing so, Solomon actually means to communicate the opposite of the literal meaning of his words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not cease to hear instruction”
19:27 tmrr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסָ֑ר & דָֽעַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
19:27 s24z rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לִ֝⁠שְׁג֗וֹת 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is the result of doing what was stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “with the result that you stray”\n
19:27 yn2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ֝⁠שְׁג֗וֹת מֵֽ⁠אִמְרֵי־דָֽעַת 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person ceasing to heed the**words of knowledge** that he knows as if that person were wandering away from those **words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to stop accepting the words of knowledge”
19:27 y3ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵֽ⁠אִמְרֵי־דָֽעַת 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **words** that are characterized by **knowledge**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “from the knowledgeable words”
19:27 r4pg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מֵֽ⁠אִמְרֵי 1 See how you translated the similar use of **words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
19:28 v7ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עֵ֣ד בְּ֭לִיַּעַל & וּ⁠פִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יְבַלַּע 1 **A witness of worthlessness** and **the mouth** here refer to this type of people and mouths in general, not a specific **witness** or **mouth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any witness of worthlessness … and the mouths of the wicked ones swallow”
19:28 iixm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֵ֣ד בְּ֭לִיַּעַל 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a witness that is characterized by falsehood. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a worthless witness”\n
19:28 w12b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ֭לִיַּעַל & מִשְׁפָּ֑ט & אָֽוֶן 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **worthlessness** and **iniquity** in [6:12](../06/12.md) and **justice** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
19:28 d2w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠פִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יְבַלַּע־אָֽוֶן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **the wicked ones** enjoying doing **iniquity** as if **iniquity** were delicious food that they swallow with their mouths. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “the wicked ones enjoy iniquity” or “the wicked enjoy doing iniquity as much as they enjoy eating delicious food”
19:29 d4f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns נָכ֣וֹנוּ לַ⁠לֵּצִ֣ים שְׁפָטִ֑ים 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **Judgments**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is prepared to judge mockers”
19:29 ray2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝⁠מַהֲלֻמ֗וֹת 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and blows are prepared”
19:29 r21d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ⁠גֵ֣ו 1 The word **back** represents the backs of **stupid ones** in general, not one particular **back**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “for the backs of”
20:intro e8g2 0 # Proverbs 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
20:1 p893 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Wine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol.
20:1 qa7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy strong drink is a brawler 0 Here “strong drink” refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. Alternate translation: “a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights”

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