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Fixed OT validation errors above level 500
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Larry Sallee
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@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ LEV 23 2 v493 מוֹעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 the appointed times of Yahweh
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LEV 23 3 vk4w וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתוֹן֙ 1 and on the seventh day is a sabbath of solemn rest The people must **rest** habitually on the **seventh day**. After every six days in which they can work, they must rest on the seventh day.
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LEV 23 3 t53y figs-metonymy מִקְרָא־ קֹ֔דֶשׁ 1 a holy assembly The requirement that people assemble to worship God on that day is spoken of as if that day were the **assembly**. Alternate translation: “a holy day, when you must assemble together to worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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LEV 23 4 l6ez בְּמוֹעֲדָֽם 1 at their appointed times Alternate translation: “at their proper times”
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LEV 23 5 nv3g translate-hebrewmonths בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 In the first month, on day 14 of the month The **first month** of the Hebrew calendar marks when Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The fourteenth day is around the beginning of April on the Western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]])
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LEV 23 5 nv3g translate-hebrewmonths בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 In the first month, on day 14 of the month The **first month** of the Hebrew calendar marks when Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The fourteenth day is around the beginning of April on the Western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
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LEV 23 5 p2bw translate-ordinal בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן 1 In the first month The word **first** is the ordinal form of “one”. Alternate translation: “In month one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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LEV 23 5 bbn4 בֵּ֣ין הָעַרְבָּ֑יִם 1 between the evenings Alternate translation: “at sunset”
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LEV 23 6 b47g translate-hebrewmonths וּבַחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֔ה 1 And on day 15 of this month Here, **this month** is the first month of the Hebrew calendar (verse 5). It was in the first month that Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The fifteenth day is around the beginning of April on the Western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
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@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ NUM 7 29 m62d 0 Eliab son of Helon See how you translated this man’s name in
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NUM 7 30 g7np translate-ordinal 0 the fourth day Alternate translation: “day 4” or “day number 4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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NUM 7 30 i4g9 0 Elizur son of Shedeur See how you translated this man’s name in [Numbers 1:5](../01/05.md).
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NUM 7 31 z13a translate-bweight שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וּמֵאָה֮ מִשְׁקָלָהּ֒ 1 its weight was 130 See how you translated **its weight was 130** in [7:13](../07/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
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NUM 7 31 x59n translate-bweight שִׁבְעִ֥ים שֶׁ֖קֶל 1 70 shekels <br>See how you translated **70 shekels** in [7:13](../07/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
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NUM 7 31 x59n translate-bweight שִׁבְעִ֥ים שֶׁ֖קֶל 1 70 shekels See how you translated **70 shekels** in [7:13](../07/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
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NUM 7 31 ccm9 translate-bweight 0 by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
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NUM 7 31 xme1 figs-activepassive 0 fine flour mixed with oil If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “fine flour that he had mixed with oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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NUM 7 32 ce94 translate-bweight 0 one gold dish weighing ten shekels If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](../07/14.md). Alternate translation: “one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram” or “one gold dish weighting 110 grams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
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@ -1073,7 +1073,7 @@ NUM 19 15 aj43 figs-doublenegatives 0 Every open container with no cover become
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NUM 19 16 kwe8 figs-activepassive 0 someone who has been killed with a sword If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone whom someone else has killed with a sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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NUM 19 17 j1j3 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The idea of “unclean” represents not being acceptable to God or fit for use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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NUM 19 17 j1j4 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The ideas of “clean” and “purify” here represent being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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NUM 19 20 d5l6 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The ideas of “clean” and “purify” represent being acceptable to God and making something acceptable to God. The ideas of “unclean,” “defile,” and “impurity,” represent not being acceptable to God, making something unacceptable to God, and the state of being unacceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]))
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NUM 19 20 d5l6 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The ideas of “clean” and “purify” represent being acceptable to God and making something acceptable to God. The ideas of “unclean,” “defile,” and “impurity,” represent not being acceptable to God, making something unacceptable to God, and the state of being unacceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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NUM 19 20 mz5q figs-metaphor וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא 1 that person shall be cut off Here the phrase **be cut off** means to be disowned and sent away. See how you translated this in [Numbers 9:13](../09/13.md). Alternate translation: “that person must be sent away” or “you must send that person away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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NUM 19 20 u7dz figs-activepassive 0 The water for impurity has not been sprinkled on him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one has sprinkled the water for impurity on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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NUM 19 21 bs1a 0 the water for impurity See how you translated this in [Numbers 19:13](../19/13.md). Alternate translation: “the water that is sprinkled on impure things to make them pure” or “the water for making things pure”
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@ -1158,8 +1158,8 @@ NUM 21 26 v9rj 0 Sihon had taken all his land Here “his” refers to the kin
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NUM 21 27 bf5s figs-parallelism 0 Heshbon … city of Sihon These are two names that refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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NUM 21 27 pw7i figs-activepassive 0 Let the city of Sihon be rebuilt and established again If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Let someone rebuild and establish again the city of Sihon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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NUM 21 27 a4ni figs-doublet 0 rebuilt and established These two terms are very similar and emphasize that the city will be fully rebuilt. Alternate translation: “completely rebuilt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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NUM 21 28 hxh1 figs-parallelism כִּי־ אֵשׁ֙ יָֽצְאָ֣ה מֵֽחֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן לֶהָבָ֖ה מִקִּרְיַ֣ת סִיחֹ֑ן 1 For fire went out from Heshbon,<br>a flame from the city of Sihon These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that destruction will begin at Heshbon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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NUM 21 28 qha8 figs-metaphor כִּי־ אֵשׁ֙ יָֽצְאָ֣ה מֵֽחֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן לֶהָבָ֖ה מִקִּרְיַ֣ת סִיחֹ֑ן 1 For fire went out from Heshbon,<br>a flame from the city of Sihon Here the destroying army is spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “King Sihon led a strong army from the city of Heshbon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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NUM 21 28 hxh1 figs-parallelism כִּי־ אֵשׁ֙ יָֽצְאָ֣ה מֵֽחֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן לֶהָבָ֖ה מִקִּרְיַ֣ת סִיחֹ֑ן 1 For fire went out from Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that destruction will begin at Heshbon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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NUM 21 28 qha8 figs-metaphor כִּי־ אֵשׁ֙ יָֽצְאָ֣ה מֵֽחֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן לֶהָבָ֖ה מִקִּרְיַ֣ת סִיחֹ֑ן 1 For fire went out from Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon Here the destroying army is spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “King Sihon led a strong army from the city of Heshbon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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NUM 21 28 di4e figs-metaphor 0 devoured Ar of Moab The army of Sihon is spoken of as if it was an animal that ate up the city of Ar. Alternate translation: “destroyed the town of Ar in the land of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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NUM 21 29 cu3d figs-parallelism 0 Moab … people of Chemosh These two phrases refer to the same people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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NUM 21 29 r97r 0 people of Chemosh Alternate translation: “Chemosh” was the name of the false god whom the Moabites worshiped. Alternate translation: “the people who worship Chemosh”
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@ -1255,8 +1255,8 @@ NUM 23 9 hq42 figs-parallelism 0 from the top of the rocks I see him … from t
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NUM 23 9 a551 figs-metonymy 0 I see him … I look at him Here “him” is a metonym that refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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NUM 23 9 mm7u 0 there is a people Alternate translation: “there is a group of people”
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NUM 23 9 ni8f figs-litotes 0 do not consider themselves as just an ordinary nation This negative statement is used to stress that the opposite is true. Alternate translation: “they consider themselves to be a special nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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NUM 23 10 hr4v figs-metaphor מִ֤י מָנָה֙ עֲפַ֣ר יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּמִסְפָּ֖ר אֶת־ רֹ֣בַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 Who can count the dust of Jacob<br>or number the fourth part of Israel? Here **dust of Jacob** is a metaphor that speaks of the number of Israelites as if they were as numerous as the specks of dust. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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NUM 23 10 x7sy figs-rquestion מִ֤י מָנָה֙ עֲפַ֣ר יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּמִסְפָּ֖ר אֶת־ רֹ֣בַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 Who can count the dust of Jacob<br>or number the fourth part of Israel? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There are too many Israelites to count. No one could count even a fourth of them because there are so many.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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NUM 23 10 hr4v figs-metaphor מִ֤י מָנָה֙ עֲפַ֣ר יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּמִסְפָּ֖ר אֶת־ רֹ֣בַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 Who can count the dust of Jacob or number the fourth part of Israel? Here **dust of Jacob** is a metaphor that speaks of the number of Israelites as if they were as numerous as the specks of dust. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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NUM 23 10 x7sy figs-rquestion מִ֤י מָנָה֙ עֲפַ֣ר יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּמִסְפָּ֖ר אֶת־ רֹ֣בַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 Who can count the dust of Jacob or number the fourth part of Israel? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There are too many Israelites to count. No one could count even a fourth of them because there are so many.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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NUM 23 10 uxp9 figs-explicit 0 the death of a righteous person It is understood that this will be a peaceful death. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “the peaceful death of a righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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NUM 23 10 am5i figs-metonymy 0 a righteous person … like his These are metonymies that refer to the people of Israel as a single person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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NUM 23 11 x2xr 0 Balak This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md).
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@ -1271,14 +1271,14 @@ NUM 23 16 fc1n figs-metaphor 0 put a message in his mouth The message is spoken
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NUM 23 16 yn5x 0 He said Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh said”
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NUM 23 18 kka5 figs-parallelism 0 Balak, and hear … Listen to me, you son of Zippor These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important it was for Balak to pay attention. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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NUM 23 18 d6y8 0 Balak … son of Zippor See how you translated these names in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md).
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NUM 23 19 q4wm figs-parallelism הַה֤וּא אָמַר֙ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְדִבֶּ֖ר וְלֹ֥א יְקִימֶֽנָּה 1 Has he said and not done,<br>Or spoken and not made it arise? Both of these clauses mean the same thing and emphasize that God does what he says he will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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NUM 23 19 cqsi figs-rquestion הַה֤וּא אָמַר֙ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְדִבֶּ֖ר וְלֹ֥א יְקִימֶֽנָּה 1 Has he said and not done,<br>Or spoken and not made it arise? These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “He has never promised a thing without fulfilling what he promised. He has always done exactly what he said he would do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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NUM 23 19 q4wm figs-parallelism הַה֤וּא אָמַר֙ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְדִבֶּ֖ר וְלֹ֥א יְקִימֶֽנָּה 1 Has he said and not done, Or spoken and not made it arise? Both of these clauses mean the same thing and emphasize that God does what he says he will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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NUM 23 19 cqsi figs-rquestion הַה֤וּא אָמַר֙ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְדִבֶּ֖ר וְלֹ֥א יְקִימֶֽנָּה 1 Has he said and not done, Or spoken and not made it arise? These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “He has never promised a thing without fulfilling what he promised. He has always done exactly what he said he would do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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NUM 23 20 tga7 figs-activepassive 0 I have been commanded to bless If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has commanded me to bless the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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NUM 23 21 w1xp figs-parallelism 0 hardship in Jacob … trouble in Israel These two phrases mean the same thing. This could mean: (1) God has given Israel only good things or (2) there is no sin in Israel that would cause him to judge them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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NUM 23 21 i4xz 0 shouts for their king are among them Alternate translation: “they shout with joy because Yahweh is their king”
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NUM 23 22 bnk6 figs-simile 0 with strength like that of a wild ox This simile says that Yahweh’s great strength is equal to an ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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NUM 23 23 q3q1 figs-parallelism כִּ֤י לֹא־ נַ֨חַשׁ֙ בְּיַעֲקֹ֔ב וְלֹא־ קֶ֖סֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 For there is no omen against Jacob,<br>and no divination against Israel These two lines mean the same thing, that no curse that anyone puts on the nation of **Israel** will be effective. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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NUM 23 23 rriu figs-metonymy כִּ֤י לֹא־ נַ֨חַשׁ֙ בְּיַעֲקֹ֔ב וְלֹא־ קֶ֖סֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 For there is no omen against Jacob,<br>and no divination against Israel Here **Jacob** is a metonym that refers to **Israel**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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NUM 23 23 q3q1 figs-parallelism כִּ֤י לֹא־ נַ֨חַשׁ֙ בְּיַעֲקֹ֔ב וְלֹא־ קֶ֖סֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 For there is no omen against Jacob, and no divination against Israel These two lines mean the same thing, that no curse that anyone puts on the nation of **Israel** will be effective. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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NUM 23 23 rriu figs-metonymy כִּ֤י לֹא־ נַ֨חַשׁ֙ בְּיַעֲקֹ֔ב וְלֹא־ קֶ֖סֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 For there is no omen against Jacob, and no divination against Israel Here **Jacob** is a metonym that refers to **Israel**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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NUM 23 23 xhg8 figs-activepassive 0 it must be said If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “people must say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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NUM 23 23 yvh5 0 Look what God has done! It is implied that what God did for them was good. Alternate translation: “Look at the good things God has done for them!”
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NUM 23 24 jm1j figs-metaphor 0 the people rise like a lioness … he has killed This verse is a long metaphor that speaks of Israel defeating her enemies as if Israel was a lion devouring its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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Can't render this file because it contains an unexpected character in line 683 and column 221.
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@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ JOS 2 7 p4sx הַֽמַּעְבְּר֑וֹת 1 fords places where a river o
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JOS 2 8 ds5e figs-idiom טֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁכָּב֑וּן 1 not yet lain down This refers to going to sleep for the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JOS 2 9 t8zy figs-you יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ 1 I know that Yahweh has given you the land The word “you” refers to the all the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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JOS 2 9 xr6a figs-metaphor נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְכֶם֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ 1 fear of you has come upon us Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. Alternate translation: “we have become afraid of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 2 9 u74z figs-metaphor נָמֹ֛גוּ…מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם 1 will melt away before you This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or 2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 2 9 u74z figs-metaphor נָמֹ֛גוּ…מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם 1 will melt away before you This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. This could mean: (1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or (2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 2 10 bcm2 יַם־סוּף֙ 1 the Sea of Reeds This is another name for the Red Sea.
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JOS 2 10 c6i6 translate-names לְסִיחֹ֣ן וּלְע֔וֹג 1 Sihon … Og These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 2 11 qx6v figs-doublet וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔נוּ וְלֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּאִ֖ישׁ 1 our hearts melted and there was no courage left in anyone These two phrases share similar meanings, combined for emphasis. The phrase “our hearts melted” compares the hearts of the fearful people of Jericho to ice melting and flowing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ JOS 6 5 d5rg בִּמְשֹׁ֣ךְ׀ בְּקֶ֣רֶן הַיּוֹ
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JOS 6 5 g97v חוֹמַ֤ת הָעִיר֙ 1 the wall of the city Alternate translation: “the outer wall of the city” or “the wall surrounding the city”
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JOS 6 6 h9cn translate-names נוּן֙ 1 Nun This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 6 6 s5ne שְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית 1 Take up the ark of the covenant Alternate translation: “Pick up the ark of the covenant”
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JOS 6 8 l35d figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 before Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) “in obedience to Yahweh” or 2) “in front of Yahweh’s ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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JOS 6 8 l35d figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 before Yahweh This could mean: (1) “in obedience to Yahweh” or (2) “in front of Yahweh’s ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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JOS 6 8 vk7j וְתָקְע֖וּ בַּשּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת 1 they gave a blast on the trumpets Alternate translation: “they sounded the trumpets loudly” or “the priests blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
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JOS 6 8 ayf9 figs-explicit וַֽאֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם 1 The ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them It can be stated clearly that there were people carrying the ark. Alternate translation: “The priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JOS 6 10 ls5v figs-metonymy וְלֹֽא־תַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶת־קוֹלְכֶ֔ם וְלֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִפִּיכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר 1 No sound must leave your mouths Sound leaving someone’s mouth refers to that person’s speaking or shouting. Alternate translation: “Do not yell or speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ JOS 7 21 xw3j figs-activepassive טְמוּנִ֥ים בָּאָ֛רֶץ 1 Th
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JOS 7 23 vh7i וַיַּצִּקֻ֖ם 1 poured them out Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag onto the ground.
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JOS 7 24 ta3l translate-names עֵ֥מֶק עָכֽוֹר 1 the Valley of Achor The name means “Valley of Trouble,” but it is best to translate Achor the way it sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 7 25 vd6n figs-rquestion מֶ֣ה עֲכַרְתָּ֔נוּ 1 Why have you troubled us? Joshua uses this question to rebuke Achan. Alternate translation: “You have troubled us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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JOS 7 25 i3rq וַיִּשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתָם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּסְקְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם בָּאֲבָנִֽים 1 Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire. Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan’s family to death and then covered them with stones or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan’s family to death and then burned the dead bodies or 3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned.
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JOS 7 25 i3rq וַיִּשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתָם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּסְקְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם בָּאֲבָנִֽים 1 Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire. This could mean: (1) the Israelites burned Achan’s family to death and then covered them with stones or (2) the Israelites stoned Achan’s family to death and then burned the dead bodies or (3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned.
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JOS 7 26 zcp9 figs-metaphor וַיָּ֥שָׁב יְהוָ֖ה מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑וֹ 1 Yahweh turned away his burning anger Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh stopped being angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 7 26 hfq5 עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 until this present day It was still called the valley of Achor at the time the author wrote this. Alternate translation: “even today” or “even now”
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JOS 8 intro f3jc 0 # Joshua 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Built an altar<br>Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua.
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@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ JOS 14 10 m9sn הִנֵּה֩ 1 look Alternate translation: “pay attention, b
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JOS 14 10 c4ma אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֥ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר 1 while Israel walked in the wilderness Alternate translation: “while the people of Israel traveled in the wilderness”
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JOS 14 11 q443 כְּכֹ֥חִי אָ֖ז וּכְכֹ֣חִי עָ֑תָּה 1 My strength is now as my strength was then Alternate translation: “I am still as strong now as I was then”
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JOS 14 11 y4nf figs-idiom וְלָצֵ֥את וְלָבֽוֹא 1 for going and coming This is an idiom that refers to daily activities. Alternate translation: “for the things I do every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JOS 14 12 r8ka אֶת־הָהָ֣ר 1 hill country Possible meanings are 1) many large hills or small mountains or 2) one mountain.
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JOS 14 12 r8ka אֶת־הָהָ֣ר 1 hill country This could mean: (1) many large hills or small mountains or (2) one mountain.
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JOS 14 12 ner3 translate-names עֲנָקִ֣ים 1 Anakim This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 14 13 q6ae figs-metaphor וַיִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־חֶבְר֛וֹן לְכָלֵ֥ב 1 gave Hebron as an inheritance to Caleb Hebron is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Caleb received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 14 14 gji6 עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה 1 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
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@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ JOS 17 3 u2e9 translate-names וְלִצְלָפְחָד֩…חֵ֨פֶ 1
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JOS 17 3 k5z5 translate-names מַחְלָ֣ה וְנֹעָ֔ה חָגְלָ֥ה מִלְכָּ֖ה וְתִרְצָֽה 1 Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah These are women’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 17 4 x2q2 translate-names אֶלְעָזָ֨ר 1 Eleazar This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 17 4 q55m figs-metaphor לָֽתֶת־לָ֥נוּ נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 to give to us an inheritance The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “to give to us some land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 17 4 s6fd וַיִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֜ם…נַֽחֲלָ֔ה 1 he gave those women an inheritance Possible meanings are 1) “Joshua gave those women an inheritance” or 2) “Eleazar gave those women an inheritance.”
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JOS 17 4 s6fd וַיִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֜ם…נַֽחֲלָ֔ה 1 he gave those women an inheritance This could mean: (1) “Joshua gave those women an inheritance” or (2) “Eleazar gave those women an inheritance.”
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JOS 17 5 d1c3 figs-activepassive וַיִּפְּל֥וּ חַבְלֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֑ה 1 Ten parcels of land were assigned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned ten parcels of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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JOS 17 5 z7zr חַבְלֵֽי…עֲשָׂרָ֑ה 1 Ten parcels Alternate translation: “Ten portions”
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JOS 17 6 d9gb figs-metaphor נָחֲל֥וּ נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 received an inheritance The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ JOS 17 7 dfe9 translate-names הַֽמִּכְמְתָ֔ת…תַּפּֽוּ
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JOS 17 9 k7gp הַגְּבוּל֩ 1 The border Alternate translation: “The border of Manasseh’s land”
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JOS 17 9 l2af נַ֨חַל 1 brook a very small river
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JOS 17 9 qvi8 translate-names קָנָ֜ה 1 Kanah name of a brook (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 17 10 mi9b figs-activepassive וּבְאָשֵׁר֙ יִפְגְּע֣וּן מִצָּפ֔וֹן 1 On the north side Asher can be reached Possible meanings are 1) that the border of Manasseh’s land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or 2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: “Asher was on the north side” or “One can travel north to reach Asher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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JOS 17 10 mi9b figs-activepassive וּבְאָשֵׁר֙ יִפְגְּע֣וּן מִצָּפ֔וֹן 1 On the north side Asher can be reached This could mean: (1) that the border of Manasseh’s land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or (2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: “Asher was on the north side” or “One can travel north to reach Asher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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JOS 17 10 fj36 figs-ellipsis וּבְיִשָּׂשכָ֖ר מִמִּזְרָֽח 1 to the east, Issachar The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “to the east, one can reach Issachar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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JOS 17 11 s1sn translate-names בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן…וְיִבְלְעָ֨ם…דֹ֣אר…עֵֽין־דֹּר֙…תַעְנַךְ֙…מְגִדּ֖וֹ…הַנָּֽפֶת 1 Beth Shan … Ibleam … Dor … Endor … Taanach … Megiddo … Napheth These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 17 14 b4j6 figs-explicit בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף 1 the descendants of Joseph This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ JOS 23 2 vyz9 figs-doublet זָקַ֔נְתִּי בָּ֖אתִי בַּיּ
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JOS 23 4 t22f הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
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JOS 23 4 bf99 מְב֥וֹא הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ 1 in the west This indicates the direction of the setting sun.
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JOS 23 6 w84i figs-metaphor לְבִלְתִּ֥י סוּר־מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאול 1 turning aside from it neither to the right hand nor to the left Disobeying the commands of the law of Moses is spoken of as turning to the right or to the left away from a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 23 7 mc72 לְבִלְתִּי־בוֹא֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה 1 you may not mix Possible meanings are 1) having close friendship with them or 2) intermarrying with them.
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JOS 23 7 mc72 לְבִלְתִּי־בוֹא֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה 1 you may not mix This could mean: (1) having close friendship with them or (2) intermarrying with them.
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JOS 23 7 vkw6 תַזְכִּ֨ירוּ֙ 1 mention to speak of
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JOS 23 7 wbj7 אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֤ם 1 their gods This refers to the gods of the remaining nations.
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JOS 23 8 k6my figs-metaphor בַּיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם תִּדְבָּ֑קוּ 1 cling to Yahweh “hold tightly to Yahweh.” Believing in Yahweh is spoken of as if they were holding tightly onto him. Alternate translation: “continue to believe in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
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1SA 1 2 g5tk translate-names 1 Hannah ... Peninnah These are the names of two women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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1SA 1 3 zzb5 writing-pronouns הָאִ֨ישׁ הַה֤וּא 1 that man The word **that** in the phrase **that man** is a demonstrative pronoun which refers to Elkanah. Alternate translation: “the man Elkanah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
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1SA 1 3 kws9 figs-go וְעָלָה֩ 1 And…went up Here, **went up** indicates that in order to reach Shiloh, Elkanah had to travel from a lower location to a higher location because Shiloh was located in a mountainous region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
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1SA 1 3 j91i מִיָּמִ֣ים׀ יָמִ֔ימָה 1 from days to days The expression **days to days** is a Hebrew idiom. Alternate translation: “year by year” or “annually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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1SA 1 3 j91i figs-idiom מִיָּמִ֣ים׀ יָמִ֔ימָה 1 from days to days The expression **days to days** is a Hebrew idiom. Alternate translation: “year by year” or “annually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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1SA 1 3 w8se translate-names עֵלִ֗י…חָפְנִי֙…וּפִ֣נְחָ֔ס 1 Eli, Hophni and Phinehas These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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1SA 1 4 imlh מָנֽוֹת 1 portions Here, **portions** refers to portions of meat. See UST. <br>Alternate translation: “meat portions” or “portions of meat”
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1SA 1 4 emtw writing-background וְנָתַ֞ן 1 that he gave Beginning here and continuing until the middle of verse 7, the author provides background information and explains what took place repeatedly year after year. The author does this to help readers better understand the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
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1SA 1 6 lrs0 figs-abstractnouns וְכִֽעֲסַ֤תָּה צָֽרָתָהּ֙ גַּם־כַּ֔עַס 1 And her rival would provoke her, even with provocation The word **provocation** is an abstract noun. If it would be more natural in your language you may translate this word using a verb phrase or adjective. Alternate translation: “And Peninnah would intentionally provoke Hannah severely” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
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1SA 1 6 mw8a צָֽרָתָהּ֙ 1 her rival Here, **her rival** refers to Hannah’s rival Peninnah. It is probable that Elkanah took Peninnah as his second wife after Hannah was unable to bear children so that he could have offspring by Penninah. This would result in Hannah and Peninnah viewing each other as rivals. you could use a word or phrase that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his second wife” or “her co-wife”
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1SA 1 6 gq73 figs-simile הַרְּעִמָ֑הּ 1 cause her to thunder The phrase **cause her to thunder** is a figurative way of saying that Peninnah’s actions caused Hannah to be greatly irritated or troubled. The point of this comparison is that Peninnah would cause Hannah to be greatly bothered and disrupted in a way that is similar to the sky being disrupted to the point of thundering. you could communicate this in a way which would be most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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1SA 1 6 wy2z בְּעַ֥ד רַחְמָֽהּ 1 shut up her womb The phrase **shut up her womb** is a used figuratively to mean that Yahweh had not allowed Hannah to become pregnant. You can use a phrase that would be most natural in your language.<br>Alternative translation: “made her barren” or “prevented her from becoming pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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1SA 1 6 wy2z figs-euphemism בְּעַ֥ד רַחְמָֽהּ 1 shut up her womb The phrase **shut up her womb** is a used figuratively to mean that Yahweh had not allowed Hannah to become pregnant. You can use a phrase that would be most natural in your language.<br>Alternative translation: “made her barren” or “prevented her from becoming pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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1SA 1 7 bzk3 figs-go עֲלֹתָהּ֙ 1 she went up Here, **went up** indicates that in order to reach Shiloh, Elkanah had to travel from a lower location to a higher location because Shiloh was located in a mountainous region. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
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1SA 1 7 x38f writing-pronouns עֲלֹתָהּ֙ 1 she went up Here, **she** refers to Hannah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
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1SA 1 8 nz4v figs-rquestion לָ֣מֶה תִבְכִּ֗י וְלָ֨מֶה֙ לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְלִ֔י וְלָ֖מֶה יֵרַ֣ע לְבָבֵ֑ךְ הֲל֤וֹא אָֽנֹכִי֙ ט֣וֹב לָ֔ךְ מֵעֲשָׂרָ֖ה בָּנִֽים 1 why do you weep? And why do you not eat? And why is your heart displeased? Am I not better to you than ten sons These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements, if it would be helpful in your language. Alternate translation: “you should not weep. You should eat, and your heart should be glad because I am better to you than ten sons!” or “you have little reason for sadness. I favor you and that should be enough.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
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2KI 13 3 sii1 figs-metaphor 0 The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel Yahweh becoming angry with Israel is spoken of as if his anger was a fire that burned. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh became very angry with Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2KI 13 3 u4tp figs-metonymy 0 gave them continually into the hand of Hazael king of Aram and into the hand of Ben Hadad son of Hazael Here “them” refers to Israel and “hand” refers to the power to control them. Alternate translation: “allowed Hazael the king of Aram, and Ben Hadad, his son, to repeatedly defeat the Israelites in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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2KI 13 4 hcy2 0 implored Yahweh Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh”
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2KI 13 4 gh67 you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “the king of Aram was oppressing them.” Alternate translation: “he saw how severely the king of Aram was oppressing Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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2KI 13 4 gh67 figs-abstractnouns 1 you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “the king of Aram was oppressing them.” Alternate translation: “he saw how severely the king of Aram was oppressing Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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2KI 13 5 n7zw 0 a rescuer Alternate translation: “someone to rescue them”
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2KI 13 5 lp9p figs-metonymy 0 they escaped from the hand of the Arameans Here “hand” refers to the power to control them. Alternate translation: “he enabled them to be free from Aram’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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2KI 13 6 jts3 figs-metaphor 0 they did not depart from the sins of the house of Jeroboam To stop sinning is spoken of as if they departed from the sins. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Israel did not stop doing the same sins as Jeroboam had done” or “Israel continued to commit the same sins as Jeroboam had committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ EZR 3 8 wwz8 translate-names זְרֻבָּבֶ֣ל בֶּן־שְׁ֠אַלְת
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EZR 3 8 fa38 translate-names וְיֵשׁ֨וּעַ בֶּן־יֽוֹצָדָ֜ק 1 Jeshua … Jozadak **Jeshua** is the name of a man, and **Jozadak** is the name of his father. See how you translated these names in [3:2](../03/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EZR 3 8 bzi5 figs-metaphor וּשְׁאָ֥ר אֲחֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֗ם 1 Here, **brothers** seems to be a figurative way of saying fellow leaders, since the priests and Levites were also leaders in the community like Zerubbabel, the governor, and Jeshua, the high priest. Alternate translation: “and their fellow leaders, the priests and Levites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EZR 3 8 hy61 figs-abstractnouns וְכָל־הַבָּאִים֙ מֵהַשְּׁבִ֣י יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֔ם 1 The abstract noun **captivity** refers to the way the Babylonians had transported many of the Jews away from their homeland when they conquered Jerusalem. (These included many of the parents or grandparents of the people here, but also some of these people themselves, as [3:12](../03/12.md) indicates.) If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate the idea behind this term with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “and the rest of the people who had returned to Jerusalem from where their enemies had taken them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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EZR 3 8 uyam figs-ellipsis הֵחֵ֡לּוּ 1 Here the book leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete because they were understood by the original readers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply them from the context, or you could use a term such as “so” to indicate this. Alternate translation: “so they appointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
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EZR 3 8 uyam figs-ellipsis הֵחֵ֡לּוּ 1 Here the book leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete because they were understood by the original readers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply them from the context, or you could use a term such as “so” to indicate this. Alternate translation: “so they appointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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EZR 3 8 hf5n figs-idiom אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֗ם מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה 1 from twenty years old Here, **son of 20 years and above** is an idiom that indicates a person’s age. Alternate translation: “the Levites who were at least 20 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EZR 3 8 vyhg figs-ellipsis לְנַצֵּ֖חַ עַל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת בֵּית־יְהוָֽה 1 In this context, **the work of the house** is an abbreviated way of referring to the project of constructing a temple. Alternate translation: “to supervise the construction of the temple for Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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EZR 3 8 jfho figs-metaphor בֵּית־יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “the temple for Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -1870,7 +1870,7 @@ ISA 33 20 z75i figs-metaphor 0 whose stakes will never be pulled up nor will an
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ISA 33 21 js4c figs-exclusive 0 Yahweh in majesty will be with us, in a place of broad rivers and streams Here “us” refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. This speaks of the safety of living with Yahweh as if it were a place that has rivers around it so that enemies cannot attack it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh who is majestic will be with us, and we will be safe as if we were in a place surrounded by broad rivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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ISA 33 21 z6si 0 will travel it Alternate translation: “will travel the river”
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ISA 33 22 x9zc figs-exclusive 0 our … us This refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
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ISA 33 23 er96 figs-metaphor 0 Your riggings are slack; they cannot hold the mast in place; they cannot spread the sail This could mean: (1) The Assyrian army is like a boat that is unable to move through the water: the ropes that support the mast and sail have come loose and no longer support the mast, so the sail is useless ([Isaiah 33:1](../33/01.md)) or (2) the people of Judah are no longer at war: “You have loosened the cords that supported your flagpole; the flag no longer flies” ([Isaiah 33:17](./17.md)-[Isaiah 22](./22.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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ISA 33 23 er96 figs-metaphor 0 Your riggings are slack; they cannot hold the mast in place; they cannot spread the sail This could mean: (1) The Assyrian army is like a boat that is unable to move through the water: the ropes that support the mast and sail have come loose and no longer support the mast, so the sail is useless ([Isaiah 33:1](../33/01.md)) or (2) the people of Judah are no longer at war: “You have loosened the cords that supported your flagpole; the flag no longer flies” ([Isaiah 33:17-22](./17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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ISA 33 23 b3bn 0 mast tall poles that support the sail
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ISA 33 23 l3q9 0 sail a large cloth that fills with wind and moves a boat through the water
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ISA 33 23 a64j figs-activepassive 0 when the great spoil is divided If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when they divide the treasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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@ -2289,7 +2289,7 @@ JER 34 8 pb27 0 word message
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JER 34 8 us2n writing-background 0 after King Zedekiah had made a covenant … freedom to them These words begin to provide background information to events that will be described later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
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JER 34 9 ka4p writing-background 0 that each man … his brother The background information that begins with the words “after King Zedekiah had made a covenant” in verse 8 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
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JER 34 10 l3j5 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues giving the background information that began in [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md).
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JER 34 12 jbq2 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah resumes the story from [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md) after the background information of [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md)-[Jeremiah 11](./10.md).
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JER 34 12 jbq2 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah resumes the story from [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md) after the background information of [Jeremiah 34:8-11](../34/08.md).
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JER 34 12 pf6k figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Yahweh” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah: ‘Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JER 34 13 b8wy figs-idiom 0 house of slavery This is an idiom. “place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JER 34 14 x834 0 each man must send away his brother, his fellow Hebrew who had sold himself to you and served you Alternate translation: “each of you must free any fellow Hebrews who sold themselves to you and have been your slaves”
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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
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EZK front intro wb5b 0 # Introduction to Ezekiel<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Ezekiel<br><br>1. Yahweh calls Ezekiel to speak his words (1:1–3:27)<br>1. Yahweh judges Judah and Jerusalem (4:1-24:27)<br>1. Ezekiel prophesies against nearby nations (25:1–32:32)<br>1. Yahweh explains the fall of Jerusalem (33:1–33)<br>1. Ezekiel brings messages of hope (34:1–48:35)<br> * A new shepherd (34:1–31)<br> * Edom destroyed (35:1–15)<br> * Israel restored (36:1–37:28)<br> * Gog and Magog (38:1–39:29)<br> * Jerusalem and the temple restored (40:1–48:35)<br><br><br>### What is Ezekiel about?<br><br>The Book of Ezekiel contains words that Ezekiel prophesied between 592 B.C. and 573 B.C. The Jewish people were exiled in Babylonia. Ezekiel told them that God had punished them because they sinned against him. However, Ezekiel assured them that God would restore them. God was using Babylon to punish them. But eventually another nation would defeat the Babylonians. Ezekiel also prophesied about how God will restore Jerusalem and the temple so that the people can worship and sacrifice to him again. Ezekiel then described how the land will be divided again among the tribes of Israel.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>“Ezekiel” or “The Book of Ezekiel” is the traditional name for this book. Translators may also call it “The Messages from God Brought by Ezekiel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Ezekiel?<br><br>Ezekiel wrote the prophecies in the Book of Ezekiel. He was a prophet and priest who lived near Babylon in the time of the exile.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was Ezekiel’s temple?<br><br>Several chapters of the Book of Ezekiel give instructions about building a new temple. However, this temple is not the same as the temple the people would build after going back to Jerusalem. Because Ezekiel’s temple has never been built, some scholars think that this temple is to be built in the future. Other scholars think that Ezekiel’s temple is symbolic of the Church.<br><br>### Do the sacrifices in Ezekiel follow the law of Moses?<br><br>The sacrifices in Ezekiel 46 are somewhat different than the required sacrifices in Numbers 28. This may be because Ezekiel prophesied about a new temple with new sacrifices.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### How should one represent Ezekiel’s visions in translation?<br><br>The Book of Ezekiel has many complicated visions. Some are similar to passages in other Scripture books that describe future events. Some of these visions are about God rescuing Israel in the distant future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>It is unclear whether Ezekiel actually traveled to the particular places named in the visions, or whether what he described were mental ideas. For this reason, Ezekiel’s viewpoint is sometimes difficult to understand, even though the meanings of the visions may be clear.<br><br>Translators should avoid trying to explain these visions in their translations. Instead, they should present the visions just as they are in the source text.<br><br>### What does “and you will know that I am Yahweh” mean?<br><br>This is a common phrase in the Book of Ezekiel. It is meant to assure the reader that these messages truly came from God, and that he will do what he has promised. The translator may also use the phrase “and you will understand that I am Yahweh and what I say will happen.” The UST translates it as “then you will know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do.”
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EZK front intro wb5b 0 # Introduction to Ezekiel<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Ezekiel<br><br>1. Yahweh calls Ezekiel to speak his words (1:1–3:27)<br>1. Yahweh judges Judah and Jerusalem (4:1-24:27)<br>1. Ezekiel prophesies against nearby nations (25:1–32:32)<br>1. Yahweh explains the fall of Jerusalem (33:1–33)<br>1. Ezekiel brings messages of hope (34:1–48:35)<br> * A new shepherd (34:1–31)<br> * Edom destroyed (35:1–15)<br> * Israel restored (36:1–37:28)<br> * Gog and Magog (38:1–39:29)<br> * Jerusalem and the temple restored (40:1–48:35)<br><br><br>### What is Ezekiel about?<br><br>The Book of Ezekiel contains words that Ezekiel prophesied between 592 B.C. and 573 B.C. The Jewish people were exiled in Babylonia. Ezekiel told them that God had punished them because they sinned against him. However, Ezekiel assured them that God would restore them. God was using Babylon to punish them. But eventually another nation would defeat the Babylonians. Ezekiel also prophesied about how God will restore Jerusalem and the temple so that the people can worship and sacrifice to him again. Ezekiel then described how the land will be divided again among the tribes of Israel.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>“Ezekiel” or “The Book of Ezekiel” is the traditional name for this book. Translators may also call it “The Messages from God Brought by Ezekiel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Ezekiel?<br><br>Ezekiel wrote the prophecies in the Book of Ezekiel. He was a prophet and priest who lived near Babylon in the time of the exile.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was Ezekiel’s temple?<br><br>Several chapters of the Book of Ezekiel give instructions about building a new temple. However, this temple is not the same as the temple the people would build after going back to Jerusalem. Because Ezekiel’s temple has never been built, some scholars think that this temple is to be built in the future. Other scholars think that Ezekiel’s temple is symbolic of the Church.<br><br>### Do the sacrifices in Ezekiel follow the law of Moses?<br><br>The sacrifices in Ezekiel 46 are somewhat different than the required sacrifices in Numbers 28. This may be because Ezekiel prophesied about a new temple with new sacrifices.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### How should one represent Ezekiel’s visions in translation?<br><br>The Book of Ezekiel has many complicated visions. Some are similar to passages in other Scripture books that describe future events. Some of these visions are about God rescuing Israel in the distant future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalyptic]])<br><br>It is unclear whether Ezekiel actually traveled to the particular places named in the visions, or whether what he described were mental ideas. For this reason, Ezekiel’s viewpoint is sometimes difficult to understand, even though the meanings of the visions may be clear.<br><br>Translators should avoid trying to explain these visions in their translations. Instead, they should present the visions just as they are in the source text.<br><br>### What does “and you will know that I am Yahweh” mean?<br><br>This is a common phrase in the Book of Ezekiel. It is meant to assure the reader that these messages truly came from God, and that he will do what he has promised. The translator may also use the phrase “and you will understand that I am Yahweh and what I say will happen.” The UST translates it as “then you will know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do.”
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EZK 1 intro j5rn 0 # Ezekiel 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Ezekiel’s call<br><br>Ezekiel had a vision of God calling him to prophetic ministry. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
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EZK 1 1 xqf6 translate-ordinal 0 In the thirtieth year This is the thirtieth year of Ezekiel’s life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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EZK 1 1 ad2n translate-hebrewmonths 0 the fourth month, and the fifth day of the month “the fifth day of the fourth month.” This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is around the end of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ HOS 12 14 ay94 figs-metaphor 0 will turn back on him his disgrace The idea of m
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HOS 13 intro la1r 0 # Hosea 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter uses poetry to communicate Yahweh’s disgust and anger with the northern kingdom of Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>“Israel” and “Ephraim” are terms used to speak about the people of the northern kingdom. Samaria was the capital of the northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>This chapter makes it clear that the northern kingdom is going to be nearly decimated as a people. They will no longer exist as a nation.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical question<br><br>Hosea uses rhetorical questions throughout this chapter. They are not questions requesting information but rather questions indicating some emotion like anger or dissatisfaction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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HOS 13 1 u92j 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
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HOS 13 1 aw8s figs-synecdoche 0 When Ephraim spoke Hosea uses the term “Ephraim” to refer to the entire northern kingdom, although it was also the name of one of the ten tribes. Hosea seems to be speaking of a long-past time, when the northern kingdom was strong and honored, unlike at the present time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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HOS 13 1 hyz3 0 there was trembling It is understood that people were trembling because they were afraid of Ephraim. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “there was trembling among the people” or “people trembled in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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HOS 13 1 hyz3 figs-explicit 0 there was trembling It is understood that people were trembling because they were afraid of Ephraim. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “there was trembling among the people” or “people trembled in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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HOS 13 1 lw4y figs-metaphor 0 He exalted himself in Israel Here “exalting” means to make oneself important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HOS 13 1 nqg7 figs-metaphor 0 but he became guilty because of Baal worship, and he died When the people of Ephraim began worshiping Baal, they grew weak, and their enemies defeated them. Here “died” refers to the nation growing weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HOS 13 2 rtl5 0 Now they sin more and more Here “they” refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the entire nation of Israel, who followed Ephraim’s example.
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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
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JON front intro hk4p 0 # Introduction to Jonah<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Jonah<br><br>1. Jonah tries to run away from Yahweh. (1:1-2:10)<br>* Jonah disobeys Yahweh’s first call to go to Nineveh. (1:1–3)<br>* Jonah and the Gentile sailors. (1:4–16)<br>* Yahweh provides a large fish to swallow Jonah, and he prays and is rescued. (1:17–2:10)<br>2. Jonah in Nineveh (3:1-4:11)<br>* Yahweh again calls Jonah to go to Nineveh, and Jonah proclaims Yahweh’s message. (3:1–4)<br>* Nineveh repents. (3:5-9)<br>* Yahweh decides not to destroy Nineveh. (3:10)<br>* Jonah is very angry with Yahweh. (4:1–3)<br>* Yahweh teaches Jonah about grace and mercy. (4:4–11)<br><br>### What is the Book of Jonah about?<br><br>Jonah, son of Amittai, was a prophet from Gath Hepher (2 Kings 14:25). This book tells about what happened to Jonah. It tells how Yahweh shows mercy and grace to Gentiles. It also tells how the Ninevites repented and called out to Yahweh for mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>Yahweh sent Jonah to warn the people of Nineveh that he was ready to punish them. Yahweh said that if they would repent he would not harm them. However, Jonah was an Israelite and he did not want the Ninevites to repent. So Jonah tried to sail away in the opposite direction instead of doing what Yahweh told him to do. But Yahweh stopped him by sending a storm and a large fish to swallow him.<br><br>Jonah repented and warned the Ninevites. As a result, Yahweh taught him that he is concerned about all people, not just the Israelites.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book is traditionally titled “The Book of Jonah” or just “Jonah.” Translators may decide to use a clearer title such as “The Book about Jonah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Jonah?<br><br>Jonah was probably involved in the writing of this book. However, scholars do not know who actually wrote it.<br><br>Jonah lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. He prophesied sometime between 800 and 750 B.C., during the reign of King Jeroboam II.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was the nation of Assyria?<br><br>During the time of Jonah, Assyria was the most powerful kingdom in the ancient Near East. Nineveh was the capital city of Assyria.<br><br>Assyria was cruel to its enemies. Eventually, Yahweh punished the Assyrians for the wicked things they did.<br><br>### Did Assyria convert to Judaism?<br><br>Some scholars think that the Assyrians started worshiping Yahweh alone. However, most scholars think they continued to worship other false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
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JON 1 intro xvp2 0 # Jonah 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The narrative of this chapter starts abruptly. This could cause difficulty for the translator. The translator should not attempt to smooth this introduction unless absolutely necessary.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Miracle<br><br>In verse [Jonah 17](./17.md), there is the mention of “a great fish.” It may be difficult to imagine a sea creature big enough to swallow a man whole; he then survives for three days and nights inside. Translators should not try to explain miraculous events in an attempt to make it easier to understand. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Situational irony<br><br>There is an ironic situation in this chapter. This means that people do or say things that are the opposite of what one would expect them to do. Jonah is a prophet of God and should endeavor to do God’s will. Instead, he runs away from God. Although the Gentile sailors are not Israelites, they act out of faith and fear of Yahweh when sending Jonah to an almost certain death by throwing him overboard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Sea<br><br>People in the ancient Near East also saw the sea as chaotic and did not trust it. Some of the gods they worshiped were gods of the sea. Jonah’s people, the Hebrews, feared the sea greatly. However, Jonah’s fear of Yahweh was not enough to keep him from sailing on a ship to get away from Yahweh. His actions are contrasted to the actions of the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Implicit information<br><br>Even though no one knows for sure where Tarshish was, the writer assumes that the reader knows that Jonah had to face away from Nineveh to go there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JON 1 intro xvp2 0 # Jonah 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The narrative of this chapter starts abruptly. This could cause difficulty for the translator. The translator should not attempt to smooth this introduction unless absolutely necessary.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Miracle<br><br>In verse [Jonah 17](../01/17.md), there is the mention of “a great fish.” It may be difficult to imagine a sea creature big enough to swallow a man whole; he then survives for three days and nights inside. Translators should not try to explain miraculous events in an attempt to make it easier to understand. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Situational irony<br><br>There is an ironic situation in this chapter. This means that people do or say things that are the opposite of what one would expect them to do. Jonah is a prophet of God and should endeavor to do God’s will. Instead, he runs away from God. Although the Gentile sailors are not Israelites, they act out of faith and fear of Yahweh when sending Jonah to an almost certain death by throwing him overboard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Sea<br><br>People in the ancient Near East also saw the sea as chaotic and did not trust it. Some of the gods they worshiped were gods of the sea. Jonah’s people, the Hebrews, feared the sea greatly. However, Jonah’s fear of Yahweh was not enough to keep him from sailing on a ship to get away from Yahweh. His actions are contrasted to the actions of the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Implicit information<br><br>Even though no one knows for sure where Tarshish was, the writer assumes that the reader knows that Jonah had to face away from Nineveh to go there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JON 1 1 jdr1 writing-newevent וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה 1 Now the word of Yahweh came This phrase introduces the first half of the story of Jonah. The same phrase introduces the second half of the story (3:1). This is a common way of beginning a historical story about a prophet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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JON 1 1 ll6c figs-idiom וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה 1 Now the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom meaning that Yahweh spoke or communicated his message in some way. Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JON 1 1 qa3z דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה 1 the word of Yahweh Alternate translation: “the message of Yahweh”
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@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ JON 1 6 bd4f figs-idiom ק֚וּם 1 Get up! This is a command to begin some act
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JON 1 6 k7a5 figs-idiom קְרָ֣א אֶל־אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ 1 Cry out to your god! “pray to your god” To **cry out to** someone means to loudly ask him for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JON 1 6 sk7i figs-explicit אוּלַ֞י יִתְעַשֵּׁ֧ת הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים לָ֖נוּ וְלֹ֥א נֹאבֵֽד 1 Maybe that god will notice us and we will not perish The implicit information that Jonah’s god might save them could be made explicit. Alternate translation: “maybe your god will hear and save us so that we will not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JON 1 6 zi04 figs-doublenegatives וְלֹ֥א נֹאבֵֽד 1 and we will not perish This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “and he will save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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JON 1 7 sc57 וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗הוּ 1 Then every man said to his friend The phrase **each man … to his friend** is an idiom expressing reciprocal action. This means that all the men in the group were saying this to each other. Alternate translation: “the sailors all said to each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JON 1 7 sc57 figs-idiom וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗הוּ 1 Then every man said to his friend The phrase **each man … to his friend** is an idiom expressing reciprocal action. This means that all the men in the group were saying this to each other. Alternate translation: “the sailors all said to each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JON 1 7 l5xq לְכוּ֙ וְנַפִּ֣ילָה גֽוֹרָל֔וֹת וְנֵ֣דְעָ֔ה בְּשֶׁלְּמִ֛י הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לָ֑נוּ 1 Come, and let us cast lots, so that we may know on whose account this evil is happening to us “we should cast lots to know who has caused this trouble” The men believed that the gods would control how the lots fell in order to tell them what they wanted to know. This was a form of divination.
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JON 1 7 d726 הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את 1 this evil This refers to the terrible storm.
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JON 1 7 at67 וַיִּפֹּ֥ל הַגּוֹרָ֖ל עַל־יוֹנָֽה 1 the lot fell on Jonah The expression **the lot fell on Jonah** is an idiom meaning that, when the men cast lots, the result indicated Jonah. This does not mean that the lot literally fell down on top of Jonah. Alternate translation: “the lot showed that Jonah was the guilty person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JON 1 7 at67 figs-idiom וַיִּפֹּ֥ל הַגּוֹרָ֖ל עַל־יוֹנָֽה 1 the lot fell on Jonah The expression **the lot fell on Jonah** is an idiom meaning that, when the men cast lots, the result indicated Jonah. This does not mean that the lot literally fell down on top of Jonah. Alternate translation: “the lot showed that Jonah was the guilty person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JON 1 8 wkh6 וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו 1 Then they said to him Alternate translation: “then the men who were working on the ship said to Jonah”
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JON 1 8 e7wb הַגִּידָה־נָּ֣א לָ֔נוּ בַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר לְמִי־הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לָ֑נוּ 1 Please tell us on whose account this evil is happening to us Alternate translation: “who caused this bad thing that is happening to us”
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JON 1 9 wav5 יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ אֲנִ֣י יָרֵ֔א 1 I fear Yahweh, the God of heaven Here the word **fear** means that Jonah worshiped Yahweh and not any other god.
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@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ JON 2 2 wdr4 וַֽיַּעֲנֵ֑נִי 1 he answered me Alternate tran
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JON 2 2 w8wn figs-metaphor מִבֶּ֧טֶן שְׁא֛וֹל 1 from the belly of Sheol “from the center of Sheol” or “from the deep part of Sheol” Possible meanings include: (1) Jonah was speaking of being in the belly of the fish as being in Sheol; or (2) Jonah believed that he was about to die and go to Sheol; or (3) He was speaking as if he already had died and gone to Sheol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JON 2 2 ab77 translate-names שְׁא֛וֹל 1 Sheol **Sheol** was the name of the place where people went after they died. It was thought to be a shadowy world located somewhere under the ground. The New Testament equivalent seems to be “Hades,” where the dead wait for judgment (see Rev. 20:13). If your language has a word for this place, you may want to use it here, or borrow the word “Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JON 2 2 jdrd figs-idiom שָׁמַ֥עְתָּ קוֹלִֽי 1 you heard my voice This phrase probably has both a literal and a figurative meaning. The phrase probably means literally that Yahweh heard Jonah’s voice while he was praying inside the belly of the fish. However, the phrase “to hear someone’s voice” in the Old Testament often means “to listen and obey (comply).” In this context, Jonah is expressing that Yahweh both heard him and acted to save him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JON 2 3 glp2 בִּלְבַ֣ב יַמִּ֔ים 1 into the heart of the seas Here the term **heart** is a metaphor for “being inside” something. The phrase “in the heart of” means to be “in the middle of” or “completely surrounded by” sea water. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JON 2 3 glp2 figs-metaphor בִּלְבַ֣ב יַמִּ֔ים 1 into the heart of the seas Here the term **heart** is a metaphor for “being inside” something. The phrase “in the heart of” means to be “in the middle of” or “completely surrounded by” sea water. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JON 2 3 p8fd וְנָהָ֖ר יְסֹבְבֵ֑נִי 1 a current surrounded me Alternate translation: “the sea water closed in around me”
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JON 2 3 c6jx figs-doublet מִשְׁבָּרֶ֥יךָ וְגַלֶּ֖יךָ 1 your billows and your waves Both of these are disturbances on the surface of the ocean. They could be combined into one term, such as “waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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JON 2 4 jdr5 grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַאֲנִ֣י 1 But as for me, This expression shows that there is a contrast between the actions of Yahweh, which Jonah had just talked about, and his own response. Alternate translation: “then I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ JON 3 2 ve4i ק֛וּם לֵ֥ךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֵ֖ה הָעִ֣י
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JON 3 2 cl3b figs-idiom ק֛וּם 1 Get up **Get up** here is an idiom intended to motivate Jonah to obey the next command, which is “go.” See how you translated this in [1:2](../01/02.md) and [1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JON 3 2 ir79 וִּקְרָ֤א אֵלֶ֨יהָ֙ אֶת־הַקְּרִיאָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י דֹּבֵ֥ר אֵלֶֽיךָ 1 call out to it the proclamation that I tell to you Alternate translation: “tell the people there what I tell you to tell them”
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JON 3 3 k7k9 figs-idiom וַיָּ֣קָם יוֹנָ֗ה וַיֵּ֛לֶךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֶ֖ה כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה 1 So Jonah got up and went to Nineveh, according to the word of Yahweh Here the words **got up** mean that Jonah took action in response to God’s command to go, and this time he obeyed instead of disobeying. Alternate translation: “his time Jonah obeyed Yahweh and went to Nineveh” or “so Jonah left the beach and went to Nineveh, as Yahweh had commanded him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JON 3 3 g4nk figs-metonymy כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה 1 the word of Yahweh Alternate translation: “the message of Yahweh” or “the command of Yahweh”
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JON 3 3 g4nk figs-metonymy כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה 1 the word of Yahweh Alternate translation: “the message of Yahweh” or “the command of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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JON 3 3 dt1b writing-background וְנִֽינְוֵ֗ה הָיְתָ֤ה עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים מַהֲלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 Now Nineveh was a great city to Gpd, a journey of three days This sentence gives background information about the city of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
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JON 3 3 jd8r figs-idiom עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים 1 a great city to God This is an idiom meaning that the city is both extremely large and one of the largest cities in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JON 3 3 ye82 figs-idiom מַהֲלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 a journey of three days This appears to mean that a person had to walk for three days to completely go through it from one side of the city to the opposite side. It could also mean that it took three days to see the whole city. Alternate translation: “a city so large that it would take a person three days to walk through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ JON 3 7 xw6c הַבָּקָ֣ר וְהַצֹּ֗אן 1 herd or flock T
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JON 3 7 fw18 figs-explicit אַ֨ל־יִרְע֔וּ וּמַ֖יִם אַל־יִשְׁתּֽוּ 1 they must not graze, and they must not drink water “they must not eat or drink anything” The reason they were not to eat or drink anything can be made explicit by adding “in order to show that they are sorry for their sins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JON 3 8 mzx6 וְהַבְּהֵמָ֔ה 1 every animal Here the word **animal** refers to animals that people own.
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JON 3 8 jh7e figs-explicit וְיִקְרְא֥וּ אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּחָזְקָ֑ה 1 and they must cry out to God with strength “and they must pray earnestly to God” What the people were to pray for can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and they must cry out loudly to God and ask for mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JON 3 8 n3ls הֶחָמָ֖ס אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּכַפֵּיהֶֽם 1 the violence that is in his hands Here, **hands** is a metonym meaning doing. This refers to the violence that the people of Nineveh were doing. Alternate translation: “the violent things that he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JON 3 8 n3ls figs-explicit הֶחָמָ֖ס אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּכַפֵּיהֶֽם 1 the violence that is in his hands Here, **hands** is a metonym meaning doing. This refers to the violence that the people of Nineveh were doing. Alternate translation: “the violent things that he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JON 3 9 wbt6 figs-rquestion מִֽי־יוֹדֵ֣עַ 1 Who knows? The king used this rhetorical question to get the people to think about something that is possible, but uncertain: that if they would stop sinning, God might not kill them. It could be translated as a statement: “We do not know.” Or it could be stated as a word and be part of the next sentence: “Perhaps.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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JON 3 9 z3jj figs-metaphor יָשׁ֔וּב וְנִחַ֖ם הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים 1 This god might turn back and have compassion Here the author speaks of God changing his mind about bringing judgment as if God were turning around and walking in the opposite direction. Alternate translation: “God may decide instead to have compassion” or “God may do the opposite of what he said and be merciful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JON 3 9 jdrg figs-idiom מֵחֲר֥וֹן אַפּ֖וֹ 1 from the burning of his nose Here **the burning of his nose** is an idiom meaning that the person is angry. Alternate translation: “from his anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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