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 Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
-front:intro	an3g				0	# Introduction to the Song of Songs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the Song of Songs\n\n1. The title of the book (1:1)\n2. The woman longs for the man she loves (1:2–1:7)\n3. The man responds to the woman he loves (1:8–1:11)\n4. The woman speaks to herself (1:12-1:14)\n5. The man praises the woman he loves (1:15)\n6. The woman responds to the man she loves (1:16-2:1)\n7. The man responds to what the woman said in 2:1 (2:2)\n8. The woman speaks to the man she loves, herself, and the women of Jerusalem (2:3-3:11)\n9. The man praises the woman he loves (4:1-4:11)\n10. The garden metaphor (4:12-5:1)\n11. The woman and the women of Jerusalem speak to each other (5:2–6:1)\n12. The woman speaks to herself (6:2-6:3)\n13. The man praises the woman he loves (6:4-10)\n14. The man goes to the walnut-tree orchard and imagines he is among chariots (6:11-6:12)\n15. The women of Jerusalem speak to the woman, and the man replies to them (6:13)\n16. The man praises the woman he loves and expresses his desire to be intimate with her (7:1-9a)\n17. The woman responds to the man she loves (7:9b-8:3)\n18. The woman speaks to the women of Jerusalem (8:4)\n19. The women of Jerusalem see the woman and man coming from the wilderness (8:5a)\n20. The woman expresses her thoughts on their love to the man she loves (8:5b-7)\n21. The woman’s brothers speak about their sister (8:8-9)\n22. The woman responds to her brothers (8:10-12)\n23. The man and the woman speak their concluding thoughts to each other (8:13–14)\n\n\nThere are different views among biblical scholars regarding how this book is structured and therefore how it should be outlined. The outline above offers one possible way of outlining this book.\n\n### What is the Song of Songs about?\n\nThe Song of Songs is a poem or a series of poems that celebrate love and intimacy between a man and a woman. Jews traditionally have interpreted the book as a picture of God’s love for his people Israel. Until the 1800’s the main view among Christians was that this book is primarily a picture of the love between Christ and his bride, Christians. Since the 1800’s the more common view is that it is a poem or a series of poems that give a beautiful picture of love between a man and a woman. Many Christians also think that, even though the main meaning of this poem is to give a beautiful portrayal of romantic love between a man and a woman, this book also contains lessons about God’s love for his bride, Christians.\n\n### Who wrote the Song of Songs?\n\nThe first verse of the book (“The Song of Songs, which is of Solomon”) gives the idea that King Solomon of Israel wrote it. However, there are different possible ways to interpret the meaning of this title. A translation note for this verse discusses the different possible meanings.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book is traditionally titled “Song of Songs,” which means the very best song, or “Song of Solomon.” It may also be called “Songs of Love,” “Great Poems of Love,” or “The Love Songs of Solomon.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What place do the descriptions of sexual behavior have in the Song of Songs?\n\nThe Song of Songs approves of sexual behavior which expresses love between a husband and his wife.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### How many characters are in the Song of Songs?\n\nThe two main characters in this book are the man and the woman, who love each other. In [8:8-9](../08/08.md) the woman’s brothers speak among themselves. In different places throughout the book, a group of women called the “daughters of Jerusalem” speak or are spoken to. However, it is possible that the group of women is not real but imagined. They may have been put into the poem for poetic effect.\n\nSome interpreters believe there may be more characters than these, but this is not certain. The ULT and UST versions recognize only the man, the woman, the group of women (and possibly a group of friends in some parts), and the woman’s brothers.\n\n### What are the lines in the UST about people speaking?\n\nThe Song of Songs is a poem that shows the thoughts and words of a man, a woman, the woman’s friends, and the woman’s brothers. Throughout the poem, the author does not identify the speakers and their audience. So to help readers understand the poem, some translations attempt to identify the speaker and the audience. Since it is not always certain who the speaker is, translations sometimes disagree about who is speaking.\n\nThe UST places a header before each speech to identify the speaker to the audience in ways like this: “The woman speaking to the women of Jerusalem,” “The woman speaking to the man,” “The man speaking to the woman,” or “The woman speaking to herself.” Translators are encouraged to include these ways of identifying the speaker and the audience. Be careful to format them differently from the scripture text. The translators should also include an initial note indicating that these explanations are not part of the scripture text.\n\n\nThere are different views among Bible scholars about who the man is - a shepherd boy or King Solomon? Some think that both speak at various times in this book and are competing for the woman’s love. The headers in the UST indicate when the man is speaking or being spoken to, as in “The man speaking to the woman he loves” and “The woman speaking to the man she loves.” The headers do not indicate the identity of the man.\n\n### How should one translate the Song of Songs if the readers will view certain terms as coarse, vulgar, or improper?\n\nReaders might consider many images or forms appearing in the Song of Songs as socially improper when translated. The translator should try to avoid offensive language, if possible, by using expressions that will not cause offense. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])\n\n### How do I translate metaphors and similes in this book?\n\nThere are many metaphors and similes in this book. These figures of speech are used to add poetic beauty and emotional effect; however, their meaning is sometimes unclear and sometimes it is unclear whether a sexual meaning is intended or whether the wording carries both a literal and a sexual meaning. However, though meanings are often unclear, it is not always necessary to clarify the meaning; often, ambiguity in translation is best. You could translate the words as they are written in order to avoid committing to a specific meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n\n### Translating terms of endearment\n\n\nThe word the ULT translates as “my beloved” occurs 26 times in this book, and each time it occurs, the woman uses it to refer to the man she loves. You should translate this term consistently throughout this book. The word the ULT translates as “my darling” appears nine times in this book. Each time it occurs, the man uses it to refer to the woman he loves. Be sure to translate this term consistently throughout the book also.
-1:intro	xrm2				0	# Song of Songs 1 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Metaphors\n\nIn the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman by using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, such metaphors can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### The lines indicating who is speaking and who is being spoken to.\n\nThroughout the poem, the author does not identify the speakers or their audience. So to help readers understand the poem, some translations attempt to identify the speaker and the audience. It is not always certain who the speaker is, so sometimes translations disagree about the identity of the speaker. Before each speech, the UST places a header to identify the speaker and the audience. You may wish to do the same in your translation.\n\n### “I am black”\n\nIn the ancient Near East, wealthy people usually had lighter skin because they did not need to work outside in the sun which darkened the skin. This young woman had to work outside in the sun, and her skin became dark as a result, and this is why she says “I am black” in [1:5-6](../01/05.md).
+front:intro	an3g				0	# Introduction to the Song of Songs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the Song of Songs\n\n1. The title of the book (1:1)\n2. The woman longs for the man she loves (1:2–1:7)\n3. The man responds to the woman he loves (1:8–1:11)\n4. The woman speaks to herself (1:12-1:14)\n5. The man praises the woman he loves (1:15)\n6. The woman responds to the man she loves (1:16-2:1)\n7. The man responds to what the woman said in 2:1 (2:2)\n8. The woman speaks to the man she loves, herself, and the women of Jerusalem (2:3-3:11)\n9. The man praises the woman he loves (4:1-4:11)\n10. The garden metaphor (4:12-5:1)\n11. The woman and the women of Jerusalem speak to each other (5:2–6:1)\n12. The woman speaks to herself (6:2-6:3)\n13. The man praises the woman he loves (6:4-10)\n14. The man goes to the walnut-tree orchard and imagines he is among chariots (6:11-6:12)\n15. The women of Jerusalem speak to the woman, and the man replies to them (6:13)\n16. The man praises the woman he loves and expresses his desire to be intimate with her (7:1-9a)\n17. The woman responds to the man she loves (7:9b-8:3)\n18. The woman speaks to the women of Jerusalem (8:4)\n19. The women of Jerusalem see the woman and man coming from the wilderness (8:5a)\n20. The woman expresses her thoughts on their love to the man she loves (8:5b-7)\n21. The woman’s brothers speak about their sister (8:8-9)\n22. The woman responds to her brothers (8:10-12)\n23. The man and the woman speak their concluding thoughts to each other (8:13–14)\n\n\nThere are different views among biblical scholars regarding how this book is structured and, therefore, how it should be outlined. The outline above offers one possible way of outlining this book.\n\n### What is the Song of Songs about?\n\nThe Song of Songs is a poem or a series of poems that celebrate love and intimacy between a man and a woman. Jews traditionally have interpreted the book as a picture of God’s love for his people Israel. Until the 1800’s the main view among Christians was that this book is primarily a picture of the love between Christ and his bride, the Church. Since the 1800’s the more common view has been that it is a poem or a series of poems that give a beautiful picture of love between a man and a woman. Many Christians also think that, even though the main meaning of this poem is to give a beautiful portrayal of romantic love between a man and a woman, this book also contains lessons about God’s love for his bride, the Church.\n\n### Who wrote the Song of Songs?\n\nThe first verse of the book (“The Song of Songs, which is of Solomon”) gives the idea that King Solomon of Israel wrote it. However, there are several possible ways to interpret the meaning of this title. A translation note for this verse discusses the possible meanings.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book is traditionally titled “Song of Songs,” which means the very best song, or “Song of Solomon.” It may also be called “Songs of Love,” “Great Poems of Love,” or “The Love Songs of Solomon.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What place do the descriptions of sexual behavior have in the Song of Songs?\n\nThe Song of Songs approves of sexual behavior which expresses love between a husband and his wife.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### How many characters are in the Song of Songs?\n\nThe two main characters in this book are the man and the woman, two people who love each other. In [8:8-9](../08/08.md) the woman’s brothers speak among themselves. In different places throughout the book, a group of women called the “daughters of Jerusalem” speak or are spoken to. However, it is possible that the group of women is not real but imagined. They may have been written into the poem for poetic effect.\n\nSome interpreters believe there may be more characters than these, but this is not certain. The ULT and UST versions recognize only the man, the woman, the group of women (and possibly a group of friends in some parts), and the woman’s brothers.\n\n### What are the lines in the UST about people speaking?\n\nThe Song of Songs is a poem that shows the thoughts and words of a man, a woman, the woman’s friends, and the woman’s brothers. Throughout the poem, the author does not identify the speakers and their audience. To help readers understand the poem, some translations attempt to identify the speaker and the audience. Since it is not always certain who is speaking, translations sometimes disagree about who the spreader is.\n\nThe UST places a header before each speech to identify the speaker and the audience. For example: “The woman speaking to the women of Jerusalem,” “The woman speaking to the man,” “The man speaking to the woman,” or “The woman speaking to herself.” Translators are encouraged to include these ways of identifying the speaker and the audience. Be careful to format them differently from the scripture text. The translators should also include an initial note to their readers indicating that these explanations are not part of the scripture text.\n\nThere are different views among Bible scholars about who the man is―a shepherd boy or King Solomon? Some think that both speak at various times in this book and are competing for the woman’s love. The headers in the UST indicate when a man is speaking or being spoken to, as in “The man speaking to the woman he loves” and “The woman speaking to the man she loves.” The headers do not indicate the identity of the man.\n\n### How should one translate the Song of Songs if the readers will view certain terms as coarse, vulgar, or improper?\n\nReaders might consider many images or forms in the Song of Songs as socially improper when translated. The translator should try to avoid offensive language, if possible, by using expressions that will not cause offense. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])\n\n### How do I translate metaphors and similes in this book?\n\nThere are many metaphors and similes in this book. These figures of speech are used to add poetic beauty and emotional effect; however, their meaning is sometimes unclear. In fact, sometimes it is unclear whether a sexual meaning is intended. Sometimes the wording carries both a literal and a sexual meaning. However, though meanings are often unclear, it is not always necessary to clarify the meaning; often, ambiguity in translation is best. You could translate the words as they are written to avoid committing to a specific meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Translating terms of endearment\n\nThe word the ULT translates as “my beloved” occurs 26 times in this book, and each time it occurs, the woman uses it to refer to the man she loves. You should translate this term consistently throughout this book. The word the ULT translates as “my darling” appears nine times in this book. Each time it occurs, the man uses it to refer to the woman he loves. Be sure to translate this term consistently throughout the book also.
+1:intro	xrm2				0	# Song of Songs 1 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Metaphors\n\nIn the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman by using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, such metaphors could be considered offensive. Cultures vary in the metaphors of beauty they use to describe women. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### The lines indicating who is speaking and who is being spoken to.\n\nThroughout the poem, the author does not identify the speakers or their audience. To help readers understand the poem, some translations attempt to identify the speaker and the audience. It is not always certain who the speaker is, so sometimes translations disagree about the identity of the speaker. Before each speech, the UST places a header to identify the speaker and the audience. You may wish to do the same in your translation.\n\n### “I am black”\n\nIn the ancient Near East, wealthy people usually had lighter skin because they did not need to work outside, where the sun darkened their skin. Because this young woman had to work outside in the sun, her skin became dark. This is why she says “I am black” in [1:5-6](../01/05.md).
 1:1	dsf1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	שִׁ֥יר הַ⁠שִּׁירִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִ⁠שְׁלֹמֹֽה	1	This verse is the title of this book. Use whatever formatting convention is most natural in your language for indicating the title of a poem or song. The ULT places this line further to the left than the other lines in this book to indicate that this verse is the title.
-1:1	qbe2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	שִׁ֥יר הַ⁠שִּׁירִ֖ים	1	The possessive form is used here to indicate a comparison with other **Songs** and to show that this **Song** is the best or greatest of all songs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use another form to indicate this. Alternate translation: “The best song” or “The most excellent song” or “The greatest song”
+1:1	qbe2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	שִׁ֥יר הַ⁠שִּׁירִ֖ים	1	The possessive form in **Song of Songs** is used here to indicate a comparison with other **Songs** and to show that this **Song** is the best or greatest of all songs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use another form to indicate this. Alternate translation: “The best song” or “The most excellent song” or “The greatest song”
 1:1	r5ns		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	לִ⁠שְׁלֹמֹֽה	1	The phrase **of Solomon** could mean: (1) Solomon wrote this song. Alternate translation: “Solomon wrote” (2) this song was dedicated to Solomon. Alternate translation: “is dedicated to Solomon” (3) this song was about Solomon. Alternate translation: “is about Solomon”
-1:2-4	fna4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	יִשָּׁקֵ֨⁠נִי֙ מִ⁠נְּשִׁיק֣וֹת פִּ֔י⁠הוּ כִּֽי־טוֹבִ֥ים דֹּדֶ֖י⁠ךָ מִ⁠יָּֽיִן & לְ⁠רֵ֨יחַ֙ שְׁמָנֶ֣י⁠ךָ טוֹבִ֔ים שֶׁ֖מֶן תּוּרַ֣ק שְׁמֶ֑⁠ךָ עַל־כֵּ֖ן עֲלָמ֥וֹת אֲהֵבֽוּ⁠ךָ	1	These lines of poetry most likely indicate thoughts or words that the woman is speaking to herself or thinking while she is alone. Your language may have a way of indicating speech that is expressed toward a person who is not present to hear what is being said. If your language has a way to indicate that, you could use it here.
+1:2-4	fna4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	יִשָּׁקֵ֨⁠נִי֙ מִ⁠נְּשִׁיק֣וֹת פִּ֔י⁠הוּ כִּֽי־טוֹבִ֥ים דֹּדֶ֖י⁠ךָ מִ⁠יָּֽיִן & לְ⁠רֵ֨יחַ֙ שְׁמָנֶ֣י⁠ךָ טוֹבִ֔ים שֶׁ֖מֶן תּוּרַ֣ק שְׁמֶ֑⁠ךָ עַל־כֵּ֖ן עֲלָמ֥וֹת אֲהֵבֽוּ⁠ךָ	1	This is poetic language. These lines of poetry most likely indicate thoughts or words that the woman is speaking to herself or thinking while she is alone. Your language may have a way of indicating speech that is expressed toward a person who is not present to hear what is being said. If your language has a way to indicate that, you could use it here.
 1:2	tulv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	יִשָּׁקֵ֨⁠נִי֙ מִ⁠נְּשִׁיק֣וֹת פִּ֔י⁠הוּ	1	The author is using an emphatic form to indicate the fervor and intensity of the kisses she desires from the man. Your language may have another way to indicate this. Alternate translation: “Let him kiss me again and again with the kisses of his mouth” or “Let him cover my face with the kisses of his mouth” or “I wish he would kiss me passionately with his mouth” 
 1:2	d9mu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	דֹּדֶ֖י⁠ךָ	1	In this book every occurrence of the words **you** and **your** is singular. Your language may require you to mark these forms.
 1:2	th64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	טוֹבִ֥ים דֹּדֶ֖י⁠ךָ מִ⁠יָּֽיִן	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form or in another way. Alternate translation: “the way you love me is better than wine” or “your loving is better than wine”
 1:2	nze7			טוֹבִ֥ים דֹּדֶ֖י⁠ךָ מִ⁠יָּֽיִן	1	Alternate translation: “I enjoy your love more than I enjoy drinking wine” or “your love is more pleasant than wine”
-1:3	j5ka			לְ⁠רֵ֨יחַ֙	1	The Hebrew word which the ULT translates as **As for** could: (1) indicate reference, in which case it should be translated as the ULT translates it or with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “In reference to the scent of” (2) indicate emphasis or be making an assertion. Alternate translation: “Truly, the scent of” or “Indeed, the scent of”
-1:3	si36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	שְׁמָנֶ֣י⁠ךָ טוֹבִ֔ים	1	Here, **oils** refers to colognes or perfumes. The author is assuming the reader knows that pleasant-smelling spices were mixed into olive oil in order to make a pleasant-smelling perfume, which was then put on the skin. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. If men do not put pleasant-smelling things on their skin in your culture, you could say that the man being spoken of here smells pleasant. Alternate translation: “your colognes—they are good” or “your scented oils—they are good” or “your skin—it is good” or “your body—it is good”
+1:3	j5ka			לְ⁠רֵ֨יחַ֙	1	The Hebrew word which the ULT translates as **As for** could: (1) indicate reference, in which case it should be translated as the ULT translates it, or with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “In reference to the scent of” (2) indicate emphasis or be making an assertion. Alternate translation: “Truly, the scent of” or “Indeed, the scent of”
+1:3	si36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	שְׁמָנֶ֣י⁠ךָ טוֹבִ֔ים	1	Here, **oils** refers to colognes or perfumes. The author is assuming the reader knows that pleasant-smelling spices were mixed into olive oil in order to make a pleasant-smelling perfume, which was then applied to the skin. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. If men do not put pleasant-smelling things on their skin in your culture, you could say that the smell of the man being spoken of here is pleasant. Alternate translation: “your colognes—they are good” or “your scented oils—they are good” or “your skin—it is good” or “your body—it is good”
 1:3	z9t3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	שֶׁ֖מֶן תּוּרַ֣ק שְׁמֶ֑⁠ךָ	1	The woman makes a comparison between the man's reputation (which she refers to as his **name**) and scented oil that is poured out, after which the good smell of the oil spreads as the air moves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “oil poured out is your reputation” or “oil poured out is the honor that people give to you”
-1:3	ijen		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	שֶׁ֖מֶן תּוּרַ֣ק שְׁמֶ֑⁠ךָ	1	The woman makes a comparison between the man’s reputation (which she refers to as his **name**) and scented oil that is poured out after which the good smell of the oil spreads as the air moves. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the comparison. Alternate translation: “your reputation spreads like scented oil which spreads after it has been poured out” or “your reputation spreads like the scent of perfumed oil after it has been poured out”
-1:3	pj62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	עַל־כֵּ֖ן	1	The Hebrew words translated as **Therefore** indicate that what follows is a result of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. Alternate translation: "This is why" or “As a result” 
+1:3	ijen		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	שֶׁ֖מֶן תּוּרַ֣ק שְׁמֶ֑⁠ךָ	1	The woman makes a comparison between the man’s reputation (which she refers to as his **name**) and scented oil that is poured out, after which the good smell of the oil spreads as the air moves. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the comparison. Alternate translation: “your reputation spreads like scented oil which spreads after it has been poured out” or “your reputation spreads like the scent of perfumed oil after it has been poured out”
+1:3	pj62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	עַל־כֵּ֖ן	1	The Hebrew words translated as **Therefore** indicate that what follows is a result of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. Alternate translation: “As a result” 
 1:3	vo1s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	עֲלָמ֥וֹת	1	A **marriageable women** refers to a young woman who is old enough to be married, or who has been recently married but not yet given birth to a child. Your language may have a term for a woman during this stage of life that you could use here. You could also explain the meaning of the term in the context as the ULT does, or use a general phrase as modeled by the UST.
 1:4	gec8			מָשְׁכֵ֖⁠נִי	1	Alternate translation: “Lead me”
 1:4	v83t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	אַחֲרֶ֣י⁠ךָ	1	Here, **you** is singular. It refers to the man, so use the singular form if your language marks that distinction. In this book every occurrence of the words **you** and **your** is singular.
 1:4	ty2p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	נָּר֑וּצָה	1	The word **us** refers to the young woman and the man that she is addressing, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. Alternate translation: “let you and me run”
-1:4	xpoe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	נָּר֑וּצָה	1	Here, the woman uses **run** as a poetic way of expressing her desire that she and the man she loves quickly go away together. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “let us hurry”
+1:4	xpoe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	נָּר֑וּצָה	1	Here the woman uses **run** as a poetic way of expressing her desire that she and the man she loves should quickly go away together. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “let us hurry”
 1:4	vpdi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ	1	Here the woman is speaking affectionately of the man she loves as if he were **The king**. She is not speaking of an actual king but rather using the word as a term of endearment. The woman is still speaking of the same man that she was speaking of in [1:2-3](../01/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning by using a simile. Alternate translation: “He whom I love is like a king to me and” or “He who is like a king to me”
 1:4	ieqb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	הֱבִיאַ֨⁠נִי הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ	1	The original language word which the ULT translates as **The king has brought me** could be describing: (1) a request or wish that the woman has. Alternate translation: “May the king bring me” (2) an action that has already happened. Alternate translation: “The king brought me”
 1:4	aoaz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	הֱבִיאַ֨⁠נִי	1	Your language may say “taken” rather than **brought** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “has taken me”
-1:4	at7l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	נָגִ֤ילָה וְ⁠נִשְׂמְחָה֙ בָּ֔⁠ךְ נַזְכִּ֤ירָה דֹדֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ מִ⁠יַּ֔יִן	1	The **us** in these two lines could: (1) be a group of young women speaking about the man. Alternate translation: “We will be glad and rejoice in you. We will profess your love more than wine” (2) be the woman continuing to speak to the man she loves and using **us** to refer to herself. Alternate translation: “May I be glad and rejoice in you. May I profess your love more than wine” (3) be the woman continuing to speak and using **us** to refer to herself and the man. Alternate translation: “Let you and me be glad and rejoice in you. Let you and me profess your love more than wine”\n
+1:4	at7l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	נָגִ֤ילָה וְ⁠נִשְׂמְחָה֙ בָּ֔⁠ךְ נַזְכִּ֤ירָה דֹדֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ מִ⁠יַּ֔יִן	1	The **us** in these two lines could be: (1 )a group of young women speaking about the man. Alternate translation: “We will be glad and rejoice in you. We will profess your love more than wine” (2) the woman continuing to speak to the man she loves and using **us** to refer to herself. Alternate translation: “May I be glad and rejoice in you. May I profess your love more than wine” (3) the woman continuing to speak and using **us** to refer to herself and the man. Alternate translation: “Let you and me be glad and rejoice in you. Let you and me profess your love more than wine”\n
 1:4	isr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	נָּר֑וּצָה&נָגִ֤ילָה & נַזְכִּ֤ירָה	1	The word **us** is inclusive all three times that it occurs in this verse. Your language may require you to mark these forms.
 1:4	ku0t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	נָגִ֤ילָה וְ⁠נִשְׂמְחָה֙	1	The terms **be glad** and **rejoice** mean similar things. The author is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Let us greatly rejoice” or “Let us rejoice greatly”
 1:4	geq4			נַזְכִּ֤ירָה	1	Alternate translation: “Let us proclaim”
 1:4	rc0e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	מִ⁠יַּ֔יִן	1	The phrase **more than wine** could mean: (1) that the women would profess that the man’s love was more delightful than wine. Alternate translation: “as being more delightful than wine” (2) that the women would profess the delightfulness of the man’s love more often than they would profess the delightfulness of wine. Alternate translation: “more often than we profess wine”
 1:4	pmvq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	דֹדֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ מִ⁠יַּ֔יִן	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form or in another way. Alternate translation: “the way you love is better than wine” or “the way you love me is better than wine”
-1:4	so9x			מֵישָׁרִ֖ים אֲהֵבֽוּ⁠ךָ	1	Here the speaker could be: (1) the woman speaking to the man about the young women who admire him. Alternate translation: “rightly do the young women love you” (2) the young women speaking of other women who admire the man. Alternate translation: “rightly do the other young women love you”. You may wish to indicate who the presumed speaker is here by placing a heading above this section as modeled by the UST.
+1:4	so9x			מֵישָׁרִ֖ים אֲהֵבֽוּ⁠ךָ	1	Here the speaker could be: (1) the woman speaking to the man about the young women who admire him. Alternate translation: “rightly do the young women love you” (2) the young women speaking of other women who admire the man. Alternate translation: “rightly do the other young women love you”. You may wish to indicate who the presumed speaker is here by placing a heading above this section, as modeled by the UST.
 1:4	gxfw			אֲהֵבֽוּ⁠ךָ	1	Alternate translation: “do they admire you”
 1:4	ag8r			מֵישָׁרִ֖ים אֲהֵבֽוּ⁠ךָ	1	Alternate translation: “it is right that other young women adore you” or “no wonder other young women adore you”
 1:5	ez2x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	שְׁחוֹרָ֤ה אֲנִי֙	1	Here, **I {am} black** describes a person whose skin is very dark. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this explicitly. Alternate translation: “My skin is black” or “My skin is very dark”
-1:5	jpj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	וְֽ⁠נָאוָ֔ה	1	Here the word **but** is introducing a contrast. What follows is in contrast to what was expected, because in the author’s culture it was not considered attractive for a woman to have skin that was dark as a result of exposure to the sun. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “yet lovely” or “but still lovely”
+1:5	jpj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	וְֽ⁠נָאוָ֔ה	1	Here the word **but** is introducing a contrast between what was expected and what follows. In the author’s culture it was not considered attractive for a woman to have skin darkened by the sun. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “yet lovely” or “but still lovely”
 1:5	ck9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	בְּנ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם	1	The woman is using the possessive form to poetically describe where the young women (**daughters**) live. The phrase **daughters of Jerusalem** refers to the young women from the city of Jerusalem. (These are probably the same women as the “marriageable women” in [1:3](../01/03.md) and “they” in [1:4](../01/04.md)). If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could indicate the association between them in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “daughters from Jerusalem” or “young women from Jerusalem”
-1:5	rbb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כְּ⁠אָהֳלֵ֣י קֵדָ֔ר כִּ⁠ירִיע֖וֹת שְׁלֹמֹֽה	1	The **Kedar** people group used black goat skins to make their **tents**. The woman is comparing her skin to these tents which were dark in color. The phrase **the curtains of Solomon** refers to the beautiful curtains in Solomon’s palace. The point of the first comparison is that the woman’s skin was **black** and of the second comparison is that the woman was **lovely**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use equivalent comparisons from your culture or you could retain these similes and express these meanings as plainly as possible. Alternate translation: “like the dark tents of the Kedar people, like the curtains of Solomon’s palace” or “as dark as the tents of Kedar, as beautiful as the curtains in Solomon’s palace”
-1:6	avcq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אַל־תִּרְא֨וּ⁠נִי֙ שֶׁ⁠אֲנִ֣י שְׁחַרְחֹ֔רֶת	1	The phrase **Do not look at me** could mean: (1) that the woman does not want people to look at her with contempt. Alternate translation: “Do not look at me with contempt, that I am black” or “Do not look down on me, that I am black” or “Do not look at me disapprovingly” (2) that the woman does not want people to stare at her in admiration of her beauty. Alternate translation: “Do not stare at me because I am so beautiful, that I am black”
+1:5	rbb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כְּ⁠אָהֳלֵ֣י קֵדָ֔ר כִּ⁠ירִיע֖וֹת שְׁלֹמֹֽה	1	The **Kedar** people group used black goat skins to make their **tents**. The woman is comparing her skin to these tents which were dark in color. The phrase **the curtains of Solomon** refers to the beautiful curtains in Solomon’s palace. The point of the first comparison is that the woman’s skin was **black**. The second comparison indicates that the woman was **lovely**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use equivalent comparisons from your culture or you could retain these similes and express these meanings as plainly as possible. Alternate translation: “like the dark tents of the Kedar people, like the curtains of Solomon’s palace” or “as dark as the tents of Kedar, as beautiful as the curtains in Solomon’s palace”
+1:6	avcq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אַל־תִּרְא֨וּ⁠נִי֙ שֶׁ⁠אֲנִ֣י שְׁחַרְחֹ֔רֶת	1	The phrase **Do not look at me** could mean: (1) that the woman does not want people to look at her with contempt. Alternate translation: “Do not look at me with contempt, that I am black” or “Do not look down on me, that I am black” or “Do not look at me disapprovingly, that I am black” (2) that the woman does not want people to stare at her in admiration of her beauty. Alternate translation: “Do not stare at me because I am so beautiful, that I am black”
 1:6	gy5l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	שֶׁ⁠אֲנִ֣י	1	The word **that** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because I”
 1:6	nqqb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	שֶׁ⁠אֲנִ֣י שְׁחַרְחֹ֔רֶת	1	Here, **I am black** means “my skin is black” or “my skin is very dark” as it did in [1:5](../01/05.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “that my skin is black” or “that my skin is very dark”
 1:6	im6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	שֶׁ⁠שֱּׁזָפַ֖תְ⁠נִי הַ⁠שָּׁ֑מֶשׁ	1	The word **that** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because the sun scorched me”
-1:6	thz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	שֶׁ⁠שֱּׁזָפַ֖תְ⁠נִי הַ⁠שָּׁ֑מֶשׁ	1	The phrase **the sun scorched me** means “the sun burned me” or “the sun tanned my skin dark.” It is the result of prolonged exposure to the sun. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “that the sun burned me” or “that the sun turned my skin dark” or “that the sun tanned my skin”
-1:6	v86f			נֹטֵרָ֣ה אֶת־הַ⁠כְּרָמִ֔ים כַּרְמִ֥⁠י שֶׁ⁠לִּ֖⁠י לֹ֥א נָטָֽרְתִּי	1	Alternate translation: “as caretaker of the vineyards—my vineyard that is mine, I have not taken care of”
+1:6	thz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	שֶׁ⁠שֱּׁזָפַ֖תְ⁠נִי הַ⁠שָּׁ֑מֶשׁ	1	The phrase **the sun scorched me** means “the sun burned me” or “the sun tanned my skin dark.” Darkened skin is the result of prolonged exposure to the sun. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “that the sun burned me” or “that the sun darkened my skin” or “that the sun tanned my skin”
+1:6	v86f			נֹטֵרָ֣ה אֶת־הַ⁠כְּרָמִ֔ים כַּרְמִ֥⁠י שֶׁ⁠לִּ֖⁠י לֹ֥א נָטָֽרְתִּי	1	Alternate translation: “as caretaker of the vineyards— I have not taken care of my own vineyard”
 1:6	w18k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	כַּרְמִ֥⁠י שֶׁ⁠לִּ֖⁠י לֹ֥א נָטָֽרְתִּי	1	The woman is probably using the phrase **my vineyard** to refer to her skin. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my skin, I have not protected from the sun” or “my complexion, I have not protected from the sun”
 1:7	f9hi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	שֶׁ֤⁠אָהֲבָה֙ נַפְשִׁ֔⁠י	1	The woman is using one part of herself, her **soul**, to represent all of her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you whom I love”
 1:7	mpbu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	אֵיכָ֣ה תִרְעֶ֔ה	1	The woman is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “where do you graze your flock” or “where do you graze your sheep”
 1:7	wsmm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	אֵיכָ֣ה תִרְעֶ֔ה אֵיכָ֖ה תַּרְבִּ֣יץ בַּֽ⁠צָּהֳרָ֑יִם	1	The phrases **where do you graze** and **Where do you make your flocks lie down at noontime** mean basically the same thing. The second phrase emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “Where do you pasture your flocks in the middle of the day”
-1:7	v54w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	שַׁ⁠לָּ⁠מָ֤ה אֶֽהְיֶה֙ כְּ⁠עֹ֣טְיָ֔ה עַ֖ל עֶדְרֵ֥י חֲבֵרֶֽי⁠ךָ	1	The woman is not asking for information but is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate her words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “I do not want to be like a woman who covers herself beside the flocks of your companions” or “Please do not let me be like a woman who covers herself beside the flocks of your companions” or “Tell me so that I will not be like a woman who covers herself beside the flocks of your companions”
+1:7	v54w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	שַׁ⁠לָּ⁠מָ֤ה אֶֽהְיֶה֙ כְּ⁠עֹ֣טְיָ֔ה עַ֖ל עֶדְרֵ֥י חֲבֵרֶֽי⁠ךָ	1	Here the woman is not asking for information but is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate her words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “I do not want to be like a woman who covers herself beside the flocks of your companions” or “Please do not let me be like a woman who covers herself beside the flocks of your companions” or “Tell me so that I will not be like a woman who covers herself beside the flocks of your companions”
 1:7	f5eb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	כְּ⁠עֹ֣טְיָ֔ה עַ֖ל עֶדְרֵ֥י חֲבֵרֶֽי⁠ךָ	1	The phrase **covers herself** means "covers herself with a veil" and the phrase **your companions** refers to the other shepherds, who pastured their animals near the flocks of the man and were probably his friends. If it would help your readers, you could express these phrases explicitly. Alternate translation: “like a woman who covers herself with a veil beside the flocks of the other shepherds”
-1:7	v6rs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	שַׁ⁠לָּ⁠מָ֤ה אֶֽהְיֶה֙ כְּ⁠עֹ֣טְיָ֔ה עַ֖ל עֶדְרֵ֥י חֲבֵרֶֽי⁠ךָ	1	In the authors culture, prostitutes often covered their faces with a veil so that people would not recognize them. It would not be normal for a young unmarried woman to be wandering among shepherds and the woman did not want to be mistaken for a prostitute. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the basis of this comparison. Alternate translation: “Tell me where you pasture your flocks so that I will not need to wander around among the flocks of your companions when I am looking for you” or “For why should I be like a prostitute who covers herself with a veil and wanders around among the flocks of your companions”
-1:8	lc64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	אִם־ לֹ֤א תֵדְעִי֙ לָ֔⁠ךְ הַ⁠יָּפָ֖ה בַּ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים צְֽאִי־ לָ֞⁠ךְ	1	If it would help your readers to see that this is a conditional statement then you could supply a word like “then” in your translation. Alternate translation: “If you do not know, most beautiful among women, then go out”
-1:8	fu4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	אִם־ לֹ֤א תֵדְעִי֙ לָ֔⁠ךְ הַ⁠יָּפָ֖ה בַּ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים	1	If it would be more natural in your language you could begin this verse with the phrase **most beautiful among women**. Alternate translation: “Most beautiful among women, if you do not know”
+1:7	v6rs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	שַׁ⁠לָּ⁠מָ֤ה אֶֽהְיֶה֙ כְּ⁠עֹ֣טְיָ֔ה עַ֖ל עֶדְרֵ֥י חֲבֵרֶֽי⁠ךָ	1	In the author's culture, prostitutes often covered their faces with a veil so that people would not recognize them. It would not be normal for a young unmarried woman to be wandering among shepherds; the woman did not want to be mistaken for a prostitute. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the basis of this comparison. Alternate translation: “Tell me where you pasture your flocks so that I will not need to wander around among the flocks of your companions when I am looking for you” or “For why should I be like a prostitute who covers herself with a veil and wanders around among the flocks of your companions”
+1:8	lc64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	אִם־ לֹ֤א תֵדְעִי֙ לָ֔⁠ךְ הַ⁠יָּפָ֖ה בַּ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים צְֽאִי־ לָ֞⁠ךְ	1	If it would help your readers to see that this is a conditional statement, then you could supply a word like “then” in your translation. Alternate translation: “If you do not know, most beautiful among women, then go out”
+1:8	fu4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	אִם־ לֹ֤א תֵדְעִי֙ לָ֔⁠ךְ הַ⁠יָּפָ֖ה בַּ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could begin this verse with the phrase **most beautiful among women**. Alternate translation: “Most beautiful among women, if you do not know”
 1:8	nky4			הַ⁠יָּפָ֖ה בַּ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים	1	Alternate translation: “you who are the most beautiful of all women”
 1:8	sy7k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	צְֽאִי־ לָ֞⁠ךְ	1	Your language may say “come” rather than **go** in contexts such as these. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “come out”
 1:8	al9c			וּ⁠רְעִי֙ אֶת־ גְּדִיֹּתַ֔יִ⁠ךְ	1	Alternate translation: “and let your young goats graze” or “and let your young goats eat”
-1:9	j8xv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	לְ⁠סֻסָתִ⁠י֙ בְּ⁠רִכְבֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה דִּמִּיתִ֖י⁠ךְ רַעְיָתִֽ⁠י	1	If it would be more natural in your language you could begin this verse with the phrase **my darling**. Alternate translation: “My darling, I liken you to a mare among the chariots of Pharaoh”
-1:9	gw76		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	לְ⁠סֻסָתִ⁠י֙ בְּ⁠רִכְבֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה דִּמִּיתִ֖י⁠ךְ	1	The comparison **To a mare among the chariots of Pharaoh I liken you** could be: (1) the man comparing the exciting effect a mare (a female horse) among Pharaoh’s male chariot horses would cause to the excitement that the woman caused him to feel. (2) the man comparing the beauty of the woman to the beauty of a female horse (a mare). The king of Egypt’s horses were known to be the best in the world and so they would have been very beautiful. In this interpretation the man is saying that the woman is as beautiful as one of Pharaoh’s mares who pulled his chariots. This is option number two because normally stallions pulled chariots and not mares. Alternate translation: “Your beauty is like the beauty of Pharaoh’s chariot horses” or “I compare your beauty to the beauty of Pharaoh’s chariot horses”
+1:9	j8xv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	לְ⁠סֻסָתִ⁠י֙ בְּ⁠רִכְבֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה דִּמִּיתִ֖י⁠ךְ רַעְיָתִֽ⁠י	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could begin this verse with the phrase **my darling**. Alternate translation: “My darling, I liken you to a mare among the chariots of Pharaoh”
+1:9	gw76		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	לְ⁠סֻסָתִ⁠י֙ בְּ⁠רִכְבֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה דִּמִּיתִ֖י⁠ךְ	1	The comparison **To a mare among the chariots of Pharaoh I liken you** could be: (1) the man comparing the the excitement caused by a mare (a female horse) among Pharaoh’s male chariot horses to the excitement that the woman caused him to feel. (2) the man comparing the beauty of the woman to the beauty of a female horse (a mare). The king of Egypt’s horses were known to be the best in the world, and so, they would have been very beautiful. In this interpretation the man is saying that the woman is as beautiful as one of Pharaoh’s mares which pulled his chariots. This is option number two because, normally, stallions, not mares, pulled chariots. Alternate translation: “Your beauty is like the beauty of Pharaoh’s chariot horses” or “I compare your beauty to the beauty of Pharaoh’s chariot horses”
 1:9	zyj5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	בְּ⁠רִכְבֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה	1	The man is using the phrase **the chariots** to mean “the horses that pull the chariots.” Chariots were normally drawn by male horses (stallions) that were hitched to chariots in pairs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “among the stallions that pull Pharaoh’s chariots” or “among the stallions that pull the chariots of Pharaoh”
 1:9	lnbo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	פַרְעֹ֔ה	1	Here, the term **Pharaoh** does not refer to a specific Egyptian king but is a title used to designate the acting king of Egypt. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king of Egypt”
 1:10	hrjd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	בַּ⁠תֹּרִ֔ים	1	The term which the ULT translates as **earrings**, refers to strings of small ornaments or jewels which hung down the side of one’s face. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of jewelry, you could use a more general term and, if you are using footnotes, make a footnote explaining this type of jewelry. Alternate translation: “with neck ornaments” or “with strings of jewels”
@@ -65,15 +65,15 @@ front:intro	an3g				0	# Introduction to the Song of Songs\n\n## Part 1: General
 1:12	kec9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	שֶׁ֤⁠הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙	1	See how you translated the phrase “the king” in [1:4](../01/04.md) where it is used with the same meaning.
 1:12	zt7d			בִּ⁠מְסִבּ֔⁠וֹ	1	The word which the ULT translates as **couch** could: (1) refer to a couch and be translated as **couch** as modeled by the ULT. (2) refer to a table. Alternate translation: “was at his table”
 1:12	ur66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	נִרְדִּ֖⁠י	1	The term **nard** refers to pleasant smelling perfumed oil that was made from the roots of the nard plant. If your readers would not be familiar with nard plants, you could use a general expression or describe what nard is. Alternate translation: “my perfumed oil” or “my pleasant smelling perfume made from the nard plant”
-1:12	lp8f			נָתַ֥ן רֵיחֽ⁠וֹ	1	Alternate translation: “gave off its good smell” or “spread its pleasant smell”
-1:13	vc5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	צְר֨וֹר הַ⁠מֹּ֤ר ׀ דּוֹדִ⁠י֙ לִ֔⁠י בֵּ֥ין שָׁדַ֖⁠י יָלִֽין	1	In the author’s culture, a woman would sometimes place a small bag or pouch of myrrh on a necklace hung around her neck so she could enjoy its pleasant smell. The woman makes a comparison between the enjoyable experience of having a bag of myrrh around her neck and the enjoyable experience of having the man she loves near her. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a simile to show the comparison. Alternate translation: “I enjoy having my beloved near me throughout the night like I enjoy the smell of a bag of myrrh”
+1:12	lp8f			נָתַ֥ן רֵיחֽ⁠וֹ	1	Alternate translation: “gave off its good odor” or “spread its pleasant aromar”
+1:13	vc5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	צְר֨וֹר הַ⁠מֹּ֤ר ׀ דּוֹדִ⁠י֙ לִ֔⁠י בֵּ֥ין שָׁדַ֖⁠י יָלִֽין	1	In the author’s culture, women sometimes wore a small bag or pouch of myrrh on a necklace so she could enjoy its pleasant fragrance. The woman makes a comparison between that enjoyable experience and the enjoyable experience of having the man she loves near her. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a simile to show the comparison. Alternate translation: “I enjoy having my beloved near me throughout the night just like I enjoy the fragrance of a bag of myrrh”
 1:13	d77b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	הַ⁠מֹּ֤ר	1	Here, **myrrh** was a pleasant-smelling incense that was made from resin from the bark of a certain kind of tree. One of the things it was used for was to make a person smell good. If your readers would not be familiar with myrrh, you could use the name of something pleasant smelling in your area that might be used for this purpose, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “pleasant-smelling perfume”
 1:13	bzs7			דּוֹדִ⁠י֙	1	Alternate translation: “is my lover”
 1:13	f8y8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	צְר֨וֹר הַ⁠מֹּ֤ר ׀ דּוֹדִ⁠י֙ לִ֔⁠י בֵּ֥ין שָׁדַ֖⁠י יָלִֽין	1	If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an appropriate euphemism for **breasts** or state the meaning of the phrase **between my breasts it stays** using a more general expression. Alternate translation: “My beloved stays very close to me during the night, like a bundle of myrrh around my neck”
 1:13	bl0z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	יָלִֽין	1	Here the original language word that the ULT translates **it stays** is ambiguous regarding what it is that stays. This word could: (1) indicate that the **bundle of myrrh** is what stays, in which case it should be translated as something similar to "it stays" as modeled by the ULT. (2) mean that the man stays. Alternate translation: “he stays”
-1:13	jw0u			יָלִֽין	1	Here, the word **stays** could: (1) refer to staying in one place for a prolonged period of time in which case you could translate this word with something similar to "stays" as modeled by the ULT. (2) refer to lying down. Alternate translation: “it lies”
-1:14	a6jk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	הַ⁠כֹּ֤פֶר	1	The phrase **henna blossoms** refers to blossoms from the henna plant, which produces clusters of pleasant-smelling flower blossoms. If your readers would not be familiar with this plant, you could use the name of a plant in your area that has a pleasant smell, you could explain in your translation that henna is a plant that produces fragrant blossoms, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “fragrant flowers” or “fragrant blossoms from the henna plant”
-1:14	zh75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֶשְׁכֹּ֨ל הַ⁠כֹּ֤פֶר ׀ דּוֹדִ⁠י֙ לִ֔⁠י בְּ⁠כַרְמֵ֖י עֵ֥ין גֶּֽדִי	1	Here, **vineyards of En Gedi** is probably a reference to the woman’s body because at that time **vineyards** were often used to convey a sexual meaning and because the phrase **in the vineyards of Engedi** is in parallel to the phrase in the previous verse in which the woman refers to her body by saying that her “beloved” is like a “bundle of myrrh” which “stays” (the night) “between” her “breasts.” In this verse the woman makes a comparison between the pleasurable experience of the smell of henna blossoms and her enjoyment of having the man she loves near her body. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a simile to show the comparison. Because the woman describes her body in a poetic way with images, it is recommended that you maintain these images or select images from your culture and language that communicate the same concepts. Alternate translation: “I enjoy being near my beloved’s body like I enjoy the smell of the henna flowers in the vineyards of Engedi” or “I delight in my beloved being near my body like I enjoy the smell of the henna flowers in the vineyards of Engedi”
+1:13	jw0u			יָלִֽין	1	Here, the word **stays** could: (1) refer to staying in one place for a prolonged period of time, in which case you could translate this word with something similar to "stays," as modeled by the ULT. (2) refer to lying down. Alternate translation: “it lies”
+1:14	a6jk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	הַ⁠כֹּ֤פֶר	1	The phrase **henna blossoms** refers to  pleasant-smelling blossoms from the henna plant. If your readers would not be familiar with this plant, you could use the name of a fragrant plant in your area, you could explain that henna is a plant that produces clusters of fragrant blossoms, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “fragrant flowers” or “fragrant blossoms from the henna plant”
+1:14	zh75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֶשְׁכֹּ֨ל הַ⁠כֹּ֤פֶר ׀ דּוֹדִ⁠י֙ לִ֔⁠י בְּ⁠כַרְמֵ֖י עֵ֥ין גֶּֽדִי	1	Here, **vineyards of Engedi** is probably a reference to the woman’s body. This is so because, at that time, the word **vineyards** was often used to convey a sexual meaning. Secondly, the phrase **in the vineyards of Engedi** is in parallel to the phrase in the previous verse in which the woman refers to her body by saying that her “beloved” is like a “bundle of myrrh” which “stays” (the night) “between” her “breasts.” In this verse the woman makes a comparison between the pleasurable experience of the smell of henna blossoms and her enjoyment of having the man she loves near her body. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a simile to show the comparison. Because the woman describes her body in a poetic way with images, it is recommended that you maintain these images or select images from your culture and language that communicate the same concepts. Alternate translation: “I enjoy being near my beloved’s body like I enjoy the smell of the henna flowers in the vineyards of Engedi” or “I delight in my beloved being near my body like I enjoy the smell of the henna flowers in the vineyards of Engedi”
 1:15	tae6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamation	הִנָּ֤⁠ךְ & הִנָּ֥⁠ךְ	1	The man is using the term **Behold you** to focus the woman's attention on what he is about to say. Use an exclamation that would communicate that meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “Look at you! … Look at you!”
 1:15	x2d5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	הִנָּ֤⁠ךְ יָפָה֙ רַעְיָתִ֔⁠י הִנָּ֥⁠ךְ יָפָ֖ה עֵינַ֥יִ⁠ךְ יוֹנִֽים	1	The man uses the phrase **Behold you! You are beautiful** two times for emphasis. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine the phrases into one and provide emphasis in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Behold you—you are beautiful, my darling. Your eyes are doves”
 1:15	m114			רַעְיָתִ֔⁠י	1	See how you translated the phrase “my darling” in [1:9](../01/09.md)