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front:intro txw3 0 # Introduction to Daniel\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Daniel\n\n1. Daniel and his friends in the court of Nebuchadnezzar (1:1–21)\n1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s first dream (2:1–49)\n1. Daniel’s friends delivered from the fiery furnace (3:1–30)\n1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s second dream (4:1–37)\n1. Belshazzar’s feast and the writing on the wall (5:1-31)\n1. Daniel in the den of lions (6:1–28)\n1. Daniel’s vision of four beasts (7:1–28)\n1. Daniel’s vision of a ram and a goat (8:1–27)\n1. Daniel prays and Gabriel answers (9:1–23)\n1. Daniel’s vision of seventy weeks (9:24–27)\n1. Daniel’s vision of a man (10:1–11:1)\n1. The kings of the south and north (11:2–20)\n1. An evil king exalts himself (11:21-39)\n1. The time of the end (11:40–12:13)\n\n### What is the Book of Daniel about?\n\nThe first part of the Book of Daniel (chapters 1–6) is a narrative about Daniel and his friends. They were young men from Jerusalem who were taken to Babylon as prisoners. These chapters tell how they were faithful to Yahweh while living in a pagan land serving a pagan king. And it tells how God rewarded them because they were faithful.\n\nThe rest of the Book of Daniel is a series of prophetic visions. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with images representing the kingdoms and kings of the major nations. Chapters 9–11 are prophecies and visions about wars and a type of the great enemy of God appearing. Chapter 12 is a vision that describes end times.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe traditional title of this book is “The Book of Daniel” or just “Daniel.” Translators may call it “The Book About Daniel” or “The Book About the Deeds and Visions of Daniel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Daniel?\n\nDaniel was a Jew who became a Babylonian government official during the exile. He may have written the book himself. Or he may have written the parts of the book and someone else put the parts together at a later time.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Is there a missing week in Daniel’s prophecy?\n\nScholars disagree about what may appear to be a missing week in 9:24-27. It is best for translators to allow apparent mysteries such as this to remain in the text. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalyptic]])\n\n### When did the seventy weeks begin?\n\nThe seventy weeks in 9:24-27 began when a decree was issued to rebuild the city of Jerusalem. But there were several decrees that allowed this to happen. Translators do not need to understand how prophecies were or will be fulfilled to translate the text.\n\n### Who was Darius the Mede?\n\nDarius the Mede was a Babylonian king who sent Daniel into a den of lions. People have not found his name in history outside of the Book of Daniel. Scholars have tried to explain who Darius was, but they are not certain.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### How does Daniel use the word “king”?\n\nMany kings are in the Book of Daniel, but not all of the kings ruled over all of Babylon or Persia. Some of the kings may have ruled over regions or cities.\n\n### How many chapters does Daniel have?\n\nDaniel has twelve chapters. Some Bible versions include stories called “Bel and the Dragon” and “The Prayer of Azariah.” However, few people think that these stories have the same authority as the rest of scripture. Therefore, there is no need to translate them.
front:intro txw3 0 # Introduction to Daniel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Daniel\n\n1. Daniel and his friends in the court of Nebuchadnezzar (1:1–21)\n1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s first dream (2:1–49)\n1. Daniel’s friends delivered from the fiery furnace (3:1–30)\n1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s second dream (4:1–37)\n1. Belshazzar’s feast and the writing on the wall (5:1-31)\n1. Daniel in the den of lions (6:1–28)\n1. Daniel’s vision of four beasts (7:1–28)\n1. Daniel’s vision of a ram and a goat (8:1–27)\n1. Daniel prays and Gabriel answers (9:1–23)\n1. Daniel’s vision of seventy weeks (9:24–27)\n1. Daniel’s vision of a man (10:1–11:1)\n1. The kings of the south and north (11:2–20)\n1. An evil king exalts himself (11:21-39)\n1. The time of the end (11:40–12:13)\n\n### What is the Book of Daniel about?\n\nThe first part of the Book of Daniel (chapters 1–6) is a narrative about Daniel and his friends. They were young men from Jerusalem who were taken to Babylon as prisoners. These chapters tell how they were faithful to Yahweh while living in a pagan land serving a pagan king. And it tells how God rewarded them because they were faithful.\n\nThe rest of the Book of Daniel is a series of prophetic visions. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with images representing the kingdoms and kings of the major nations. Chapters 9–11 are prophecies and visions about wars and a type of the great enemy of God appearing. Chapter 12 is a vision that describes end times.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe traditional title of this book is “The Book of Daniel” or just “Daniel.” Translators may call it “The Book About Daniel” or “The Book About the Deeds and Visions of Daniel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Daniel?\n\nDaniel was a Jew who became a Babylonian government official during the exile. He may have written the book himself. Or he may have written the parts of the book and someone else put the parts together at a later time.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Is there a missing week in Daniel’s prophecy?\n\nScholars disagree about what may appear to be a missing week in 9:24-27. It is best for translators to allow apparent mysteries such as this to remain in the text. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalyptic]])\n\n### When did the seventy weeks begin?\n\nThe seventy weeks in 9:24-27 began when a decree was issued to rebuild the city of Jerusalem. But there were several decrees that allowed this to happen. Translators do not need to understand how prophecies were or will be fulfilled to translate the text.\n\n### Who was Darius the Mede?\n\nDarius the Mede was a Babylonian king who sent Daniel into a den of lions. People have not found his name in history outside of the Book of Daniel. Scholars have tried to explain who Darius was, but they are not certain.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### How does Daniel use the word “king”?\n\nMany kings are in the Book of Daniel, but not all of the kings ruled over all of Babylon or Persia. Some of the kings may have ruled over regions or cities.\n\n### How many chapters does Daniel have?\n\nDaniel has twelve chapters. Some Bible versions include stories called “Bel and the Dragon” and “The Prayer of Azariah.” However, few people think that these stories have the same authority as the rest of scripture. Therefore, there is no need to translate them.
1:intro p1ev 0 # Daniel 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Training for government jobs\n\nDaniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were chosen to be trained for service in the Babylonian kingdom. It was not unusual for foreigners to be given positions in the Babylonian government as advisors or cultural ambassadors.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Food laws\n\nThe food from the king included things the Jews were not allowed to eat according to the law of Moses. Daniel requested permission not to eat the king’s food. He proved to the king that this food was not necessary for good health. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
1:1 sxi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יְהוֹיָקִ֣ים מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה 1 This refers to **Jehoiakim** and his soldiers, not only to Jehoiakim. Alternate translation: “the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:1 x9t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֧ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל 1 This refers to **Nebuchadnezzar** and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -404,25 +404,26 @@ front:intro txw3 0 # Introduction to Daniel\n## Part 1: General Introduction\
6:27 bld2 דִּ֚י שֵׁיזִ֣יב לְ⁠דָֽנִיֵּ֔אל מִן־יַ֖ד אַרְיָוָתָֽ⁠א 1 Alternate translation: “he has not allowed the strong lions to hurt Daniel”
6:28 a5br בְּ⁠מַלְכ֣וּת דָּרְיָ֑וֶשׁ וּ⁠בְ⁠מַלְכ֖וּת כּ֥וֹרֶשׁ פרסי⁠א 1 **Cyrus the Persian** was the king who ruled after **Darius**.
7:intro e18x 0 # Daniel 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 7:9-10, 13-14, and 23-27.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The four beasts\n\nThere will be four successive kingdoms before Yahweh sets up his eternal kingdom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])\n\n### The Son of Man\n\nGod will give the Son of Man an eternal kingdom and he will judge people from the books. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
7:1 cw4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nChapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel’s vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:1 dme8 Belshazzar 0 This was the name of Nebuchadnezzar’s son, who became king after him. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md).
7:1 xdv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet a dream and visions 0 The words “dream” and “visions” both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. Alternate translation: “visions while he was dreaming” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
7:2 mjk7 the four winds of heaven 0 Alternate translation: “winds from everywhere” or “strong winds from all four directions”
7:2 b48l stirring up 0 Alternate translation: “whipped up” or “agitated” or “caused high waves in”
7:4 z5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage The first was like a lion but had eagle’s wings 0 This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:4 a7n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:4 y6v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The mind of a man was given to it 0 Here “mind” refers to thinking. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:5 eqm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage a second animal, like a bear 0 This was not an actual bear, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a bear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:5 i32b ribs 0 large curved bones of the chest that connect to the spine
7:5 c38p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive It was told 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:6 fl2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage another animal, one that looked like a leopard 0 This was not an actual leopard, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:6 h4ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage four wings … four heads 0 The four wings and four heads are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:6 y1jd it had four heads 0 Alternate translation: “the animal had four heads”
7:6 jpn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive It was given authority to rule 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:7 g1aj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage a fourth animal … it had ten horns 0 This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:7 w7ww trampled underfoot 0 Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed”
7:8 j87p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the horns 0 Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:8 ga8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:1 cw4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage 0 # General Information:\n\nChapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel’s vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:1 dme8 לְ⁠בֵלְאשַׁצַּר֙ 1 **Belshazzar** was the name of Nebuchadnezzar’s son, who became king after him. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md).
7:1 xdv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֵ֣לֶם & וְ⁠חֶזְוֵ֥י 1 The words **dream** and **visions** both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. Alternate translation: “visions while he was dreaming in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
7:2 mjk7 אַרְבַּע֙ רוּחֵ֣י שְׁמַיָּ֔⁠א 1 Alternate translation: “winds from everywhere” or “strong winds from all four directions”
7:2 b48l מְגִיחָ֖ן 1 Alternate translation: “whipped up” or “agitated” or “caused high waves in”
7:4 z5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage קַדְמָיְתָ֣⁠א כְ⁠אַרְיֵ֔ה וְ⁠גַפִּ֥ין דִּֽי־נְשַׁ֖ר לַ֑⁠הּ 1 This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:4 a7n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מְּרִ֨יטוּ גַפַּ֜י⁠הּ וּ⁠נְטִ֣ילַת מִן־אַרְעָ֗⁠א וְ⁠עַל־רַגְלַ֨יִן֙ כֶּ⁠אֱנָ֣שׁ הֳקִימַ֔ת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:4 y6v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠לְבַ֥ב אֱנָ֖שׁ יְהִ֥יב לַֽ⁠הּ 1 Here **mind** refers to thinking. Alternate translation: “and it was given the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:4 exkb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠לְבַ֥ב אֱנָ֖שׁ יְהִ֥יב לַֽ⁠הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and someone gave it the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:5 eqm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage חֵיוָה֩ אָחֳרִ֨י תִנְיָנָ֜ה דָּמְיָ֣ה לְ⁠דֹ֗ב 1 This was not an actual **bear**, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a bear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:5 i32b עִלְעִ֛ין 1 The **ribs** are large curved bones of the chest that connect to the spine.
7:5 c38p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אָמְרִ֣ין לַ֔⁠הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone told it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:6 fl2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage אָֽחֳרִי֙ כִּ⁠נְמַ֔ר 1 This was not an actual **leopard**, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:6 h4ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage גַּפִּ֥ין אַרְבַּ֛ע & וְ⁠אַרְבְּעָ֤ה רֵאשִׁין֙ 1 The **four wings** and **four heads** are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:6 y1jd וְ⁠לַ֨⁠הּ גַּפִּ֥ין אַרְבַּ֛ע דִּי־ע֖וֹף עַל־גבי⁠ה 1 Alternate translation: “and the animal had four wings of a bird on its back”
7:6 jpn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠שָׁלְטָ֖ן יְהִ֥יב לַֽ⁠הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:7 g1aj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage חֵיוָ֣ה רביעיה דְּחִילָה֩ וְ⁠אֵֽימְתָנִ֨י וְ⁠תַקִּיפָ֜א יַתִּ֗ירָא וְ⁠שִׁנַּ֨יִן דִּֽי־פַרְזֶ֥ל לַ⁠הּ֙ רַבְרְבָ֔ן אָֽכְלָ֣ה וּ⁠מַדֱּקָ֔ה וּ⁠שְׁאָרָ֖⁠א ב⁠רגלי⁠ה רָפְסָ֑ה וְ⁠הִ֣יא מְשַׁנְּיָ֗ה מִן־כָּל־חֵֽיוָתָ⁠א֙ דִּ֣י קָֽדָמַ֔י⁠הּ וְ⁠קַרְנַ֥יִן עֲשַׂ֖ר לַֽ⁠הּ 1 This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:7 w7ww וּ⁠שְׁאָרָ֖⁠א ב⁠רגלי⁠ה רָפְסָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “and walked on and crushed what was left ”
7:8 j87p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠קַרְנַיָּ֗⁠א 1 Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:8 ga8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠תְלָ֗ת מִן־קַרְנַיָּ⁠א֙ קַדְמָ֣יָתָ֔⁠א אתעקרו 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:8 d113 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a mouth that was boasting about great things 0 Here the horn was boasting, using its mouth to do so. Alternate translation: “the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
7:9 dge1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nMost of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT and UST present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
7:9 hw4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive thrones were set in place 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone set thrones in their places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
2 front:intro txw3 0 # Introduction to Daniel\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Daniel\n\n1. Daniel and his friends in the court of Nebuchadnezzar (1:1–21)\n1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s first dream (2:1–49)\n1. Daniel’s friends delivered from the fiery furnace (3:1–30)\n1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s second dream (4:1–37)\n1. Belshazzar’s feast and the writing on the wall (5:1-31)\n1. Daniel in the den of lions (6:1–28)\n1. Daniel’s vision of four beasts (7:1–28)\n1. Daniel’s vision of a ram and a goat (8:1–27)\n1. Daniel prays and Gabriel answers (9:1–23)\n1. Daniel’s vision of seventy weeks (9:24–27)\n1. Daniel’s vision of a man (10:1–11:1)\n1. The kings of the south and north (11:2–20)\n1. An evil king exalts himself (11:21-39)\n1. The time of the end (11:40–12:13)\n\n### What is the Book of Daniel about?\n\nThe first part of the Book of Daniel (chapters 1–6) is a narrative about Daniel and his friends. They were young men from Jerusalem who were taken to Babylon as prisoners. These chapters tell how they were faithful to Yahweh while living in a pagan land serving a pagan king. And it tells how God rewarded them because they were faithful.\n\nThe rest of the Book of Daniel is a series of prophetic visions. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with images representing the kingdoms and kings of the major nations. Chapters 9–11 are prophecies and visions about wars and a type of the great enemy of God appearing. Chapter 12 is a vision that describes end times.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe traditional title of this book is “The Book of Daniel” or just “Daniel.” Translators may call it “The Book About Daniel” or “The Book About the Deeds and Visions of Daniel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Daniel?\n\nDaniel was a Jew who became a Babylonian government official during the exile. He may have written the book himself. Or he may have written the parts of the book and someone else put the parts together at a later time.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Is there a missing week in Daniel’s prophecy?\n\nScholars disagree about what may appear to be a missing week in 9:24-27. It is best for translators to allow apparent mysteries such as this to remain in the text. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalyptic]])\n\n### When did the seventy weeks begin?\n\nThe seventy weeks in 9:24-27 began when a decree was issued to rebuild the city of Jerusalem. But there were several decrees that allowed this to happen. Translators do not need to understand how prophecies were or will be fulfilled to translate the text.\n\n### Who was Darius the Mede?\n\nDarius the Mede was a Babylonian king who sent Daniel into a den of lions. People have not found his name in history outside of the Book of Daniel. Scholars have tried to explain who Darius was, but they are not certain.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### How does Daniel use the word “king”?\n\nMany kings are in the Book of Daniel, but not all of the kings ruled over all of Babylon or Persia. Some of the kings may have ruled over regions or cities.\n\n### How many chapters does Daniel have?\n\nDaniel has twelve chapters. Some Bible versions include stories called “Bel and the Dragon” and “The Prayer of Azariah.” However, few people think that these stories have the same authority as the rest of scripture. Therefore, there is no need to translate them. # Introduction to Daniel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Daniel\n\n1. Daniel and his friends in the court of Nebuchadnezzar (1:1–21)\n1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s first dream (2:1–49)\n1. Daniel’s friends delivered from the fiery furnace (3:1–30)\n1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s second dream (4:1–37)\n1. Belshazzar’s feast and the writing on the wall (5:1-31)\n1. Daniel in the den of lions (6:1–28)\n1. Daniel’s vision of four beasts (7:1–28)\n1. Daniel’s vision of a ram and a goat (8:1–27)\n1. Daniel prays and Gabriel answers (9:1–23)\n1. Daniel’s vision of seventy weeks (9:24–27)\n1. Daniel’s vision of a man (10:1–11:1)\n1. The kings of the south and north (11:2–20)\n1. An evil king exalts himself (11:21-39)\n1. The time of the end (11:40–12:13)\n\n### What is the Book of Daniel about?\n\nThe first part of the Book of Daniel (chapters 1–6) is a narrative about Daniel and his friends. They were young men from Jerusalem who were taken to Babylon as prisoners. These chapters tell how they were faithful to Yahweh while living in a pagan land serving a pagan king. And it tells how God rewarded them because they were faithful.\n\nThe rest of the Book of Daniel is a series of prophetic visions. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with images representing the kingdoms and kings of the major nations. Chapters 9–11 are prophecies and visions about wars and a type of the great enemy of God appearing. Chapter 12 is a vision that describes end times.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe traditional title of this book is “The Book of Daniel” or just “Daniel.” Translators may call it “The Book About Daniel” or “The Book About the Deeds and Visions of Daniel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Daniel?\n\nDaniel was a Jew who became a Babylonian government official during the exile. He may have written the book himself. Or he may have written the parts of the book and someone else put the parts together at a later time.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Is there a missing week in Daniel’s prophecy?\n\nScholars disagree about what may appear to be a missing week in 9:24-27. It is best for translators to allow apparent mysteries such as this to remain in the text. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalyptic]])\n\n### When did the seventy weeks begin?\n\nThe seventy weeks in 9:24-27 began when a decree was issued to rebuild the city of Jerusalem. But there were several decrees that allowed this to happen. Translators do not need to understand how prophecies were or will be fulfilled to translate the text.\n\n### Who was Darius the Mede?\n\nDarius the Mede was a Babylonian king who sent Daniel into a den of lions. People have not found his name in history outside of the Book of Daniel. Scholars have tried to explain who Darius was, but they are not certain.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### How does Daniel use the word “king”?\n\nMany kings are in the Book of Daniel, but not all of the kings ruled over all of Babylon or Persia. Some of the kings may have ruled over regions or cities.\n\n### How many chapters does Daniel have?\n\nDaniel has twelve chapters. Some Bible versions include stories called “Bel and the Dragon” and “The Prayer of Azariah.” However, few people think that these stories have the same authority as the rest of scripture. Therefore, there is no need to translate them.
3 1:intro p1ev 0 # Daniel 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Training for government jobs\n\nDaniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were chosen to be trained for service in the Babylonian kingdom. It was not unusual for foreigners to be given positions in the Babylonian government as advisors or cultural ambassadors.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Food laws\n\nThe food from the king included things the Jews were not allowed to eat according to the law of Moses. Daniel requested permission not to eat the king’s food. He proved to the king that this food was not necessary for good health. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
4 1:1 sxi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יְהוֹיָקִ֣ים מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה 1 This refers to **Jehoiakim** and his soldiers, not only to Jehoiakim. Alternate translation: “the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5 1:1 x9t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֧ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל 1 This refers to **Nebuchadnezzar** and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
404 6:27 bld2 דִּ֚י שֵׁיזִ֣יב לְ⁠דָֽנִיֵּ֔אל מִן־יַ֖ד אַרְיָוָתָֽ⁠א 1 Alternate translation: “he has not allowed the strong lions to hurt Daniel”
405 6:28 a5br בְּ⁠מַלְכ֣וּת דָּרְיָ֑וֶשׁ וּ⁠בְ⁠מַלְכ֖וּת כּ֥וֹרֶשׁ פרסי⁠א 1 **Cyrus the Persian** was the king who ruled after **Darius**.
406 7:intro e18x 0 # Daniel 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 7:9-10, 13-14, and 23-27.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The four beasts\n\nThere will be four successive kingdoms before Yahweh sets up his eternal kingdom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])\n\n### The Son of Man\n\nGod will give the Son of Man an eternal kingdom and he will judge people from the books. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
407 7:1 cw4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nChapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel’s vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
408 7:1 dme8 Belshazzar לְ⁠בֵלְאשַׁצַּר֙ 0 1 This was the name of Nebuchadnezzar’s son, who became king after him. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). **Belshazzar** was the name of Nebuchadnezzar’s son, who became king after him. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md).
409 7:1 xdv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet a dream and visions חֵ֣לֶם & וְ⁠חֶזְוֵ֥י 0 1 The words “dream” and “visions” both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. Alternate translation: “visions while he was dreaming” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) The words **dream** and **visions** both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. Alternate translation: “visions while he was dreaming in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
410 7:2 mjk7 the four winds of heaven אַרְבַּע֙ רוּחֵ֣י שְׁמַיָּ֔⁠א 0 1 Alternate translation: “winds from everywhere” or “strong winds from all four directions”
411 7:2 b48l stirring up מְגִיחָ֖ן 0 1 Alternate translation: “whipped up” or “agitated” or “caused high waves in”
412 7:4 z5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage The first was like a lion but had eagle’s wings קַדְמָיְתָ֣⁠א כְ⁠אַרְיֵ֔ה וְ⁠גַפִּ֥ין דִּֽי־נְשַׁ֖ר לַ֑⁠הּ 0 1 This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
413 7:4 a7n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man מְּרִ֨יטוּ גַפַּ֜י⁠הּ וּ⁠נְטִ֣ילַת מִן־אַרְעָ֗⁠א וְ⁠עַל־רַגְלַ֨יִן֙ כֶּ⁠אֱנָ֣שׁ הֳקִימַ֔ת 0 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
414 7:4 y6v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The mind of a man was given to it וּ⁠לְבַ֥ב אֱנָ֖שׁ יְהִ֥יב לַֽ⁠הּ 0 1 Here “mind” refers to thinking. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Here **mind** refers to thinking. Alternate translation: “and it was given the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
415 7:5 7:4 eqm9 exkb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a second animal, like a bear וּ⁠לְבַ֥ב אֱנָ֖שׁ יְהִ֥יב לַֽ⁠הּ 0 1 This was not an actual bear, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a bear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and someone gave it the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
416 7:5 i32b eqm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage ribs חֵיוָה֩ אָחֳרִ֨י תִנְיָנָ֜ה דָּמְיָ֣ה לְ⁠דֹ֗ב 0 1 large curved bones of the chest that connect to the spine This was not an actual **bear**, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a bear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
417 7:5 c38p i32b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive It was told עִלְעִ֛ין 0 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The **ribs** are large curved bones of the chest that connect to the spine.
418 7:6 7:5 fl2z c38p rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive another animal, one that looked like a leopard אָמְרִ֣ין לַ֔⁠הּ 0 1 This was not an actual leopard, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone told it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
419 7:6 h4ia fl2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage four wings … four heads אָֽחֳרִי֙ כִּ⁠נְמַ֔ר 0 1 The four wings and four heads are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) This was not an actual **leopard**, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
420 7:6 y1jd h4ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage it had four heads גַּפִּ֥ין אַרְבַּ֛ע & וְ⁠אַרְבְּעָ֤ה רֵאשִׁין֙ 0 1 Alternate translation: “the animal had four heads” The **four wings** and **four heads** are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
421 7:6 jpn1 y1jd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive It was given authority to rule וְ⁠לַ֨⁠הּ גַּפִּ֥ין אַרְבַּ֛ע דִּי־ע֖וֹף עַל־גבי⁠ה 0 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Alternate translation: “and the animal had four wings of a bird on its back”
422 7:7 7:6 g1aj jpn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a fourth animal … it had ten horns וְ⁠שָׁלְטָ֖ן יְהִ֥יב לַֽ⁠הּ 0 1 This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
423 7:7 w7ww g1aj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage trampled underfoot חֵיוָ֣ה רביעיה דְּחִילָה֩ וְ⁠אֵֽימְתָנִ֨י וְ⁠תַקִּיפָ֜א יַתִּ֗ירָא וְ⁠שִׁנַּ֨יִן דִּֽי־פַרְזֶ֥ל לַ⁠הּ֙ רַבְרְבָ֔ן אָֽכְלָ֣ה וּ⁠מַדֱּקָ֔ה וּ⁠שְׁאָרָ֖⁠א ב⁠רגלי⁠ה רָפְסָ֑ה וְ⁠הִ֣יא מְשַׁנְּיָ֗ה מִן־כָּל־חֵֽיוָתָ⁠א֙ דִּ֣י קָֽדָמַ֔י⁠הּ וְ⁠קַרְנַ֥יִן עֲשַׂ֖ר לַֽ⁠הּ 0 1 Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed” This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
424 7:8 7:7 j87p w7ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the horns וּ⁠שְׁאָרָ֖⁠א ב⁠רגלי⁠ה רָפְסָ֑ה 0 1 Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Alternate translation: “and walked on and crushed what was left ”
425 7:8 ga8d j87p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots בְּ⁠קַרְנַיָּ֗⁠א 0 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
426 7:8 ga8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠תְלָ֗ת מִן־קַרְנַיָּ⁠א֙ קַדְמָ֣יָתָ֔⁠א אתעקרו 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
427 7:8 d113 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a mouth that was boasting about great things 0 Here the horn was boasting, using its mouth to do so. Alternate translation: “the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
428 7:9 dge1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nMost of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT and UST present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
429 7:9 hw4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive thrones were set in place 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone set thrones in their places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])