Merge pull request 'Jane's edits to Romans' (#3046) from justplainjane47-tc-create-1 into master

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3046

en_tn_46-ROM.tsv

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ ROM	1	23	u971	figs-possession	τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου Θε
 ROM	1	23	rfez	figs-possession	ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος	1		The words translated as **likeness** and **image** were used in the Greek translation of the Old Testament to refer to the same thing ([Genesis 1:26](../gen/01/26.md)). Here Paul is using the possessive form to indicate that **image** is an explanation of **likeness**. Use a word or phrase that introduces a further explanation or elaboration in your language. Alternate translation: “a likeness, that is, an image” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
 ROM	1	23	osrt	figs-ellipsis	καὶ πετεινῶν, καὶ τετραπόδων, καὶ ἑρπετῶν	1		Paul is leaving out some of the words that a phrase would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from earlier in the verse. Alternate translation: “and likenesses of birds, and likenesses of four-footed animals, and likenesses of creeping things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ROM	1	23	rq7h		τετραπόδων	1		The phrase **four-footed beasts** refers to animals that walk on four feet. Use the most natural form to describe this kind of animal in your language. Alternate translation: “of quadrupeds” or “of four-legged beasts”
-ROM	1	24	fvv6	grammar-connect-logic-result	διὸ	1	Therefore	**Therefore** here introduces a result clause. Paul is stating the result of people rejecting the glory of God in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language to introduce a result clause. Alternate translation: “As a result” or “This is why” or “Because of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	1	24	fvv6	grammar-connect-logic-result	διὸ	1	Therefore	The word **Therefore** indicates that what follows is a logical conclusion. **Therefore** here introduces a result clause. Paul is stating the result of people rejecting the glory of God in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language to introduce a result clause. Alternate translation: “As a result” or “This is why” or “Because of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	1	24	ec9q	figs-metaphor	παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν	1	God gave them over to	Paul speaks of these people as if **God** were physically giving them to **lusts**. He means that God is allowing them to have what they desire. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “God permitted them to become controlled by the lusts of their hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	1	24	tlv5	figs-possession	ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν	1	them … their … themselves	Paul is using the possessive form to describe **lusts** that come from **their hearts**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the lusts that come from their hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
 ROM	1	24	le2o	figs-metonymy	τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν	1		See how you translated “heart” in [verse 21](../01/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ ROM	2	1	y6ts	grammar-connect-logic-result	διὸ	1		**Therefore** here marks a
 ROM	2	1	d7pj	figs-youcrowd	εἶ&κρίνεις&σεαυτὸν κατακρίνεις&πράσσεις, ὁ κρίνων	1	Therefore you are without excuse	Paul uses the singular pronoun **you** here to refer to all people in general. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “every one of you is … every one of you judges … every one of you condemns yourself … every one of you who judges practices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
 ROM	2	1	atxo		ἀναπολόγητος	1	Therefore you are without excuse	See how you translated this phrase in [1:20](../01/20.md).
 ROM	2	1	md5e	figs-exclamations	ὦ ἄνθρωπε	1	you	**O man** here is an exclamation that is meant to convict every judgmental person in the human race. Use an exclamation that is natural in your language for communicating this idea. Alternate translation: “every human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
-ROM	2	1	x3mi	grammar-collectivenouns	ἄνθρωπε	1	you are	Here, **man** is a singular noun that refers to humanity in general. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter Alternate translation: “human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
+ROM	2	1	x3mi	grammar-collectivenouns	ἄνθρωπε	1	you are	Here, **man** is a singular noun that refers to humanity in general. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
 ROM	2	1	n2mu	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1		Here, **for** introduces a reason clause. In the rest of the verse Paul gives the reasons why **everyone judging** is **without excuse**. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “because” or “since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	2	1	jt4b	writing-pronouns	ἐν ᾧ	1	you person, you who judge	The word translated **that which** is a pronoun that refers to any way or any time a person might judge someone else. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “anytime” or “in anything that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ROM	2	1	ybp2	figs-genericnoun	τὸν ἕτερον	1	for what you judge in another you condemn in yourself	Here, **the other** refers to any other person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “any other person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
@@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ ROM	5	1	ldru	translate-textvariants	εἰρήνην ἔχωμεν	1		Some ancien
 ROM	5	1	kjpb	figs-imperative	ἔχωμεν	1		Paul uses the phrase **let us have peace** to exhort his Christian readers to continue living peacefully with God. It is not a command. This phrase does not imply that those who have been **justified by faith** do not yet have peace with God. Use a form in your language that communicates an exhortation. Alternate translation: “we must continue to have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
 ROM	5	1	hi12	figs-abstractnouns	εἰρήνην ἔχωμεν	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	5	1	o2yr	figs-metaphor	εἰρήνην ἔχωμεν	1		Paul speaks of these people as if they could possess or own **peace**. He means that they can live peacefully with God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “let us live in a peaceful manner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	5	1	s6xd	figs-exclusive	ἔχωμεν&ἡμῶν	1	we … our	Here and throughout this chapter **us** and **our** inclusively refer to all those **having been justified by faith** in Jesus. Your language may require you to mark these forms. Alternate translation: “let us believers have … our” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+ROM	5	1	s6xd	figs-exclusive	ἔχωμεν&ἡμῶν	1	we … our	Here and throughout this chapter, **us** and **our** inclusively refer to all those **having been justified by faith** in Jesus. Your language may require you to mark these forms. Alternate translation: “let us believers have … our” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 ROM	5	1	xaeg	figs-explicit	διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1		Here, **through** indicates that **our Lord Jesus Christ** is the means by which believers have **peace with God**. This refers to what Jesus did for believers in order for them to have **peace with God**, as briefly mentioned in [4:25](../04/25.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “through what our Lord Jesus Christ did for us” or “which was caused by our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	5	2	slyh	figs-abstractnouns	δι’ οὗ καὶ τὴν προσαγωγὴν ἐσχήκαμεν, τῇ πίστει εἰς τὴν χάριν ταύτην, ἐν ᾗ ἑστήκαμεν	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **access**, **faith**, or **grace**, you could express the same ideas another way. Alternate translation: “through whom we also access and stand in how gracious God is by trusting in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	5	2	tsbo	writing-pronouns	οὗ	1		The pronoun **whom** refers to “our Lord Jesus Christ,” as mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
@@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ ROM	7	11	qljg	writing-pronouns	δι’ αὐτῆς	1	sin	The pronoun **it** ref
 ROM	7	11	f6sx	figs-personification	ἀπέκτεινεν	1	it killed me	Here Paul speaks of **sin** as if it were a person who could kill people. Paul means that his desire to sin caused him to disobey God’s law, which resulted in Paul being spiritually dead. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “caused me to die spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 ROM	7	12	h0li	grammar-connect-logic-result	ὥστε	1		**So then** indicates that what follows this phrase explains what came before it. **So then** here introduces the result of what Paul said in [verses 7–11](../07/07.md). Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: “Since this is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	7	12	i3ka	figs-abstractnouns	ἡ ἐντολὴ	1		See how you translated **commandment** in [verse 9](../07/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	7	13	us69	grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	So	**Therefore** here indicates that what follows is the result of what Paul said in [verses 7–12](../07/07.md). Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: “As a result” or “This is why” or “Because of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	7	13	us69	grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	So	The word **Therefore** indicates that what follows is a logical conclusion. **Therefore** here indicates that what follows is the result of what Paul said in [verses 7–12](../07/07.md). Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: “As a result” or “This is why” or “Because of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	7	13	e1bx	figs-rquestion	τὸ&ἀγαθὸν ἐμοὶ ἐγένετο θάνατος?	1	did what is good become death to me?	Paul is using a rhetorical question here to emphasize that the law did not directly cause him to become spiritually dead. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “surely what is good did not become death to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 ROM	7	13	g451	figs-explicit	τὸ&ἀγαθὸν&διὰ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ	1	what is good	Here, **what is good** refers to the law. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “God’s good laws … through those good laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	7	13	qwe9	figs-metaphor	ἐμοὶ ἐγένετο θάνατος	1	become death to me	Here Paul speaks of the law as if it could **become death**. Paul is referring to the idea that God’s laws directly caused him to become spiritually dead. He rejects this idea in the next sentence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “did … cause me to die spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1545,7 +1545,7 @@ ROM	8	39	ajct	figs-activepassive	τις κτίσις ἑτέρα	1	nor powers	If
 ROM	8	39	sd7j	figs-metaphor	δυνήσεται ἡμᾶς χωρίσαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	nor powers	See how you translated the similar phrase in [verse 35](../08/35.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	8	39	fr5b	figs-distinguish	τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	nor powers	Here, **which** marks that Paul is giving further information about **the love of God**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases more clear. Alternate translation: “that is, the love of God in Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
 ROM	8	39	tot5	figs-metaphor	ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	nor powers	See how you translated this phrase in [6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	9	intro	w6f4			0		# Romans 9 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and Formatting<br><br>6. God’s plan for Israel (9:1–11:36)<br>    * Paul’s sorrow for Israel’s unbelief (9:1–5)<br>    * God chooses whom he wants to choose (9:6–13)<br>    * God shows mercy on whom he wants to show mercy (9:14–18)<br>    * No one can question God’s choice (9:19–33)<br><br>Chapter 9 begins a new topic in this letter. In Chapters 9-11, Paul focuses on the nation of Israel.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with [verses 25-29](../09/25.md) and [33](../09/33.md) of this chapter. Paul quotes all of these words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special Concepts in this Chapter<br><br>### Predestination<br><br>Many scholars believe that in this chapter Paul teaches extensively on a subject known as “predestination.” Some take this to indicate that God has chosen to save some people from before the world existed. Christians have different views on what the Bible teaches on this subject, so translators need to take extra care when translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/predestine]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>### Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter<br><br>### Stone of stumbling<br><br>In [verses 30–33](../09/30.md) Paul explains that God made some Gentiles righteous because they believed in Jesus, but most Jews rejected Jesus because they were trying to obey the law of Moses to become righteous. Paul quotes [Isaiah 8:14](../../isa/08/14.md) and [28:16](../../isa/28/16.md) to describe Jesus as if he were a stone that the Jews trip over when walking. See the translations and notes for how Peter uses these same verses from Isaiah in [1 Peter 2:6](../1pe/02/06.md), [8](../1pe/02/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	9	intro	w6f4			0		# Romans 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n6. God’s plan for Israel (9:1–11:36)\n    * Paul’s sorrow for Israel’s unbelief (9:1–5)\n    * God chooses whom he wants to choose (9:6–13)\n    * God shows mercy on whom he wants to show mercy (9:14–18)\n    * No one can question God’s choice (9:19–33)\n\nChapter 9 begins a new topic in this letter. In chapters 9-11, Paul focuses on the nation of Israel.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with [verses 25-29](../09/25.md) and [33](../09/33.md) of this chapter. Paul quotes all of these words from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Predestination\n\nMany scholars believe that in this chapter Paul teaches extensively on a subject known as “predestination.” Some take this to indicate that God has chosen to save some people from before the world existed. Christians have different views on what the Bible teaches on this subject, so translators need to take extra care when translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/predestine]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])\n\n### Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Stone of stumbling\n\nIn [verses 30–33](../09/30.md) Paul explains that God made some Gentiles righteous because they believed in Jesus, but most Jews rejected Jesus because they were trying to obey the law of Moses to become righteous. Paul quotes [Isaiah 8:14](../../isa/08/14.md) and [28:16](../../isa/28/16.md) to describe Jesus as if he were a stone that the Jews trip over when walking. See the translations and notes for how Peter uses these same verses from Isaiah in [1 Peter 2:6](../1pe/02/06.md), [8](../1pe/02/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	9	1	yg93	figs-doublet	ἀλήθειαν λέγω ἐν Χριστῷ, οὐ ψεύδομαι	1	I tell the truth in Christ. I do not lie	These two expressions mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize that he is telling the truth. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “I am telling you the absolute truth in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 ROM	9	1	igs8	figs-metaphor	ἐν Χριστῷ	1		See how you translated the similar phrase in [3:24](../03/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	9	1	h9mp	figs-personification	συνμαρτυρούσης μοι τῆς συνειδήσεώς	1		Here Paul uses **conscience** as if it were a person bearing witness in a courtroom. If it might be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2:15](../02/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@@ -2182,38 +2182,38 @@ ROM	11	36	a9gg	figs-explicit	δι’ αὐτοῦ	1	For from him … through him
 ROM	11	36	s63u	figs-explicit	εἰς αὐτὸν	1	For from him … through him … to him	Here, **to** indicates that God is the reason **all things** exist. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	11	36	rpx6	figs-abstractnouns	αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα	1	To him be the glory forever	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “May people glorify him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	11	36	ut8l	figs-idiom	εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας	1	To him be the glory forever	Here, **to the ages** is an idiom that means “forever.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “to eternity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-ROM	12	intro	aky9			0		# Romans 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and Formatting<br><br>7. Instructions for living as Christians (12:1–15:13)<br>    * How to act toward God (12:1–2)<br>    * How to serve the church (12:3–8)<br>    * How to act toward other Christians (12:9–13)<br>    * How to act toward unbelievers (12:14–21)<br>    * How to act toward government (13:1–7)<br>    * How to act toward other people (13:8–10)<br>    * Act as if the end is near (13:11–14)<br>    * Do not judge other Christians (14:1–12)<br>    * Do not tempt other Christians to sin (14:13–23)<br>    * Be united with other Christians (15:1–13)<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of [verse 20](../12/20.md), which are from the Old Testament.<br><br>Many scholars believe Paul uses the word **therefore** in [Romans 12:1](../rom/12/01.md) to refer back to all of Chapters 1–11. After having carefully explained the Christian gospel in chapters 1–11, Paul explains in chapters 12–16 how Christians should live in response to these great truths. Paul gives many different commands in these chapters that are practical instructions for how Christians should behave. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter<br><br>### Body of Christ<br><br>The body of Christ is an important metaphor used in the New Testament to refer to the church. Every Christian plays a unique and important function within the people of God. Christians need each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/body]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	12	intro	aky9			0		# Romans 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n7. Instructions for living as Christians (12:1–15:13)\n    * How to act toward God (12:1–2)\n    * How to serve the church (12:3–8)\n    * How to act toward other Christians (12:9–13)\n    * How to act toward unbelievers (12:14–21)\n    * How to act toward government (13:1–7)\n    * How to act toward other people (13:8–10)\n    * Act as if the end is near (13:11–14)\n    * Do not judge other Christians (14:1–12)\n    * Do not tempt other Christians to sin (14:13–23)\n    * Be united with other Christians (15:1–13)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of [verse 20](../12/20.md), which are from the Old Testament.\n\nMany scholars believe Paul uses the word **therefore** in [Romans 12:1](../rom/12/01.md) to refer back to all of Chapters 1–11. After having carefully explained the Christian gospel in chapters 1–11, Paul explains in chapters 12–16 how Christians should live in response to these great truths. In these chapters, Paul gives many different commands that are practical instructions for how Christians should behave. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Body of Christ\n\nThe body of Christ is an important metaphor used in the New Testament to refer to the church. Every Christian plays a unique and important function within the people of God. Christians need each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/body]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	12	1	wklb	writing-pronouns	παρακαλῶ	1		The pronoun **I** here and throughout this chapter refers to Paul. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I, Paul, urge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ROM	12	1	fwds	figs-yousingular	ὑμᾶς&ὑμῶν&ὑμῶν	1		The pronouns **you** and **your** here and throughout most of this chapter are plural and refer to the believers in Rome to whom Paul wrote this letter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you believers … your … your” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
-ROM	12	1	xgcr	grammar-connect-logic-result	παρακαλῶ οὖν ὑμᾶς	1		Here, **therefore** indicates that what follows in the rest of this letter is what Paul wants his readers to do in response to what he has written in chapters 1–11. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a fuller expression. Alternate translation: “Since everything I have said is true, I urge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	12	1	xgcr	grammar-connect-logic-result	παρακαλῶ οὖν ὑμᾶς	1		The word **Therefore** indicates that what follows is a logical conclusion. Here, **therefore** indicates that what follows in the rest of this letter is what Paul wants his readers to do in response to what he has written in chapters 1–11. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a fuller expression. Alternate translation: “Since everything I have said is true, I urge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	12	1	kr1a	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	I urge you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God	See how you translated this word in [1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	12	1	d50i	figs-abstractnouns	τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν&θυσίαν ζῶσαν&τὴν λογικὴν λατρείαν ὑμῶν	1	I urge you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **compassions**, **sacrifice**, and **service**, you could express the same ideas in another way. These words indicate different ways in which people serve God. Alternate translation: “what is compassionate … a living one that is sacrificed … which is how you reasonably serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	12	1	wuyl	figs-metaphor	παραστῆσαι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν θυσίαν ζῶσαν	1		Here Paul refers to a believer in Christ who obeys God as if that person were one of the animals that the Jews killed and then offered to God as a **sacrifice**, except that this **sacrifice** is still **living**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “to offer yourselves completely to God while you are alive, as if you were a living sacrifice on the temple altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	12	1	w1mz	figs-synecdoche	τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν	1	to present your bodies a living sacrifice	Here, **bodies** refers to whole people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your whole selves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 ROM	12	2	pyb6	figs-activepassive	μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε&μεταμορφοῦσθε	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “do not conform yourselves … let God transform you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	12	2	clc6		μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε	1	Do not be conformed to this world	Alternate translation: “do not become like”
+ROM	12	2	clc6		μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε	1	Do not be conformed to this world	Alternate translation: “do not become alike”
 ROM	12	2	d2qq	figs-metonymy	τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ	1		Here, **this age** refers to the attitudes and actions of the unbelievers who live during this period of time. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to the way people think and act in this age” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ROM	12	2	na8p	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ἀνακαινώσει τοῦ νοός&τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	but be transformed by the renewal of your mind	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **renewal** and **will**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “by renewing the mind … what God wills” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ROM	12	2	na8p	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ἀνακαινώσει τοῦ νοός&τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	but be transformed by the renewal of your mind	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **renewal** and **will**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “by renewing the mind … thing that God wills” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	12	2	c6ch	figs-metaphor	τῇ ἀνακαινώσει τοῦ νοός	1	but be transformed by the renewal of your mind	Here Paul speaks of changing the way a person thinks as if that person’s mind is being renewed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by the changing of how one thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	12	2	w34l	grammar-connect-logic-goal	εἰς τὸ δοκιμάζειν ὑμᾶς	1		Here, **so that** indicates that what follows is the purpose for which someone should **be transformed**. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: “for the purpose that you can approve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
-ROM	12	3	cp9g	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+ROM	12	3	cp9g	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. Here, **For** indicates that what follows explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	12	3	l6c6	figs-activepassive	διὰ τῆς χάριτος τῆς δοθείσης μοι	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “through the grace God has given to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	12	3	nyc2	figs-explicit	διὰ τῆς χάριτος τῆς δοθείσης μοι	1	because of the grace that was given to me	Here, **grace** refers to God graciously choosing Paul to be an apostle. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “through the grace that caused me to become an apostle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	12	3	s6yg	figs-idiom	μὴ ὑπερφρονεῖν παρ’ ὃ δεῖ φρονεῖν	1	that everyone who is among you should not think more highly of themselves than they ought to think	Here, **think more highly of himself** refers to someone arrogantly thinking that he is better than he really is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to not think he is a better person than he really is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ROM	12	3	j20s	figs-gendernotations	μὴ ὑπερφρονεῖν παρ’ ὃ δεῖ φρονεῖν	1	that everyone who is among you should not think more highly of themselves than they ought to think	Although **himself** and **he** are masculine, Paul is using the words here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “to not think more highly of oneself than what one ought to think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	12	3	me4t		φρονεῖν εἰς τὸ σωφρονεῖν	1	Instead, they should think in a wise way	Alternate translation: “you should be wise with regard to how you think about yourselves”
 ROM	12	3	m8z7	figs-explicit	ἑκάστῳ ὡς ὁ Θεὸς ἐμέρισεν μέτρον πίστεως	1	just as God has given out to each one a certain amount of faith	Here, **faith** could refer to: (1) different degrees of **faith** in God that God gives believers. Alternate translation: “as God has given each of you an degree of ability to trust in him” (2) the spiritual gifts that result from faith and are given to believers in different degrees. Alternate translation: “as God has given each of you a degree of faith demonstrated in spiritual gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	12	4	zm8p	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	For	**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why Paul’s readers should “think with a sound mind,” as stated in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “You must do this because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	12	4	zm8p	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	For	**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. Here, **For** indicates that what follows is the reason why Paul’s readers should “think with a sound mind,” as stated in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “You must do this because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	12	4	v2pi	figs-simile	καθάπερ	1	we have many members in one body	Here, **just as** indicates that what follows in this verse is a simile. Paul uses this simile to compare all believers in Christ to the parts of a human body. Since Paul explains the comparison in the next verse, you do not need to express the meaning plainly here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 ROM	12	4	v5iy		μέλη&μέλη	1	members	See how you translated members in [6:13](../06/13.md).
 ROM	12	4	v8bo	figs-abstractnouns	τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχει πρᾶξιν	1	members	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **function**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “function for the same purposes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	12	5	sd03	figs-exclusive	ἐσμεν	1	are individually members of each other	Here, **we** refers to all Christians, so it is inclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 ROM	12	5	v93h	figs-metaphor	ἐν Χριστῷ	1	are individually members of each other	See how you translated the similar phrase in [6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	12	5	dhx8	figs-metaphor	τὸ δὲ καθ’ εἷς ἀλλήλων μέλη	1	are individually members of each other	Paul speaks of the believers as if God had physically joined them together like the parts of the human **body**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “and the individual believers are united to one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	12	5	dhx8	figs-metaphor	τὸ δὲ καθ’ εἷς ἀλλήλων μέλη	1	are individually members of each other	Paul speaks of the believers as if God had physically joined them together like the parts of the human **body** are joined. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “and the individual believers are united to one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	12	5	cutl		μέλη	1		See how you translated **members** in the previous verse.
 ROM	12	6	j3x5	figs-exclusive	ἔχοντες&ἡμῖν	1	We have different gifts according to the grace that was given to us	Here, **we** and **us** refer to all Christians, so they are inclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 ROM	12	6	hrr1	figs-metaphor	ἔχοντες&χαρίσματα&διάφορα	1	We have different gifts according to the grace that was given to us	Paul speaks of the different abilities to serve other believers that God gives believers as being **gracious gifts** from God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “we have different spiritual abilities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	12	6	y267	figs-activepassive	κατὰ τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “according to the grace God has given to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	12	6	y267	figs-activepassive	κατὰ τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “according to the grace that God has given to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	12	6	tlk4	figs-abstractnouns	τὴν χάριν&προφητείαν, κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **grace** and **prophecy**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is graciously … being able to prophecy, according to what has been proportioned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	12	6	zs97	figs-ellipsis	εἴτε προφητείαν, κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς πίστεως	1		Paul is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “if God has given someone the gift of prophecy, then that person must use that gift according to the proportion of his faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ROM	12	6	bnk9	figs-explicit	κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς πίστεως	1	let it be done according to the proportion of his faith	Here Paul uses **faith** in the same way he did in [verse 3](../12/03.md). See how you translated the clause “as God has distributed to each one a measure of faith” in that verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -2222,24 +2222,24 @@ ROM	12	7	wmuw	figs-abstractnouns	διακονίαν&τῇ διακονίᾳ&τ
 ROM	12	8	m2as	figs-ellipsis	εἴτε ὁ παρακαλῶν, ἐν τῇ παρακλήσει; ὁ μεταδιδοὺς, ἐν ἁπλότητι; ὁ προϊστάμενος, ἐν σπουδῇ; ὁ ἐλεῶν, ἐν ἱλαρότητι	1	giving	Paul is leaving out some of the words that clauses would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “if God has given someone the gift of encouraging, then that person must use that gift for encouraging; if God has given someone the gift of giving, then that person must use that gift for generosity; if God has given someone the gift of leading, then that person must use that gift with diligence; if God has given someone the gift of showing mercy, then that person must use that gift with cheerfulness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ROM	12	8	teso	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν τῇ παρακλήσει&ἐν ἁπλότητι&ἐν σπουδῇ&ἐν ἱλαρότητι	1	giving	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **encouragement**, **generosity**, **diligence**, and **cheerfulness**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “by encouraging others … generously … diligently … cheerfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	12	9	dmsa	figs-declarative	ἡ ἀγάπη ἀνυπόκριτος; ἀποστυγοῦντες τὸ πονηρόν, κολλώμενοι τῷ ἀγαθῷ	1	giving	Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “Love without hypocrisy, abhor the wicked, hold on to the good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
-ROM	12	9	o8z9	figs-doublenegatives	ἀνυπόκριτος	1	giving	If your readers would misunderstand this double negative, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
+ROM	12	9	o8z9	figs-doublenegatives	ἀνυπόκριτος	1	giving	If your readers would misunderstand this double negative, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “sincere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 ROM	12	9	iv5h	figs-abstractnouns	τὸ πονηρόν&τῷ ἀγαθῷ	1	Let love be without hypocrisy	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **wicked** and **good**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “wicked things … good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	12	10	mr8i	figs-declarative	τῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ εἰς ἀλλήλους φιλόστοργοι; τῇ τιμῇ ἀλλήλους προηγούμενοι	1		Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “in brotherly love, be affectionate to one another; in honor, outdo one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
 ROM	12	10	ng86	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ&τῇ τιμῇ	1	Concerning love of the brothers, be affectionate	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **brotherly love** and **honor**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “in loving others as brothers … in honoring others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	12	10	ux2y	figs-gendernotations	τῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ	1	Concerning love of the brothers	Although the word **brotherly** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “in love for fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
+ROM	12	10	ux2y	figs-gendernotations	τῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ	1	Concerning love of the brothers	Although the word **brotherly** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “in your love for fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	12	11	iu2i	figs-declarative	τῇ σπουδῇ μὴ ὀκνηροί, τῷ πνεύματι ζέοντες, τῷ Κυρίῳ δουλεύοντες	1	Concerning diligence, do not be hesitant. Concerning the spirit, be eager. Concerning the Lord, serve him	Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “in diligence, do not be lazy; in the spirit, be eager; serve the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
 ROM	12	11	jhe7	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ σπουδῇ	1	Concerning diligence, do not be hesitant. Concerning the spirit, be eager. Concerning the Lord, serve him	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **diligence**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in being diligent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	12	11	ddvz	figs-explicit	τῷ πνεύματι	1		Here, **the spirit** could refer to: (1) a person’s spirit, as in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “in your spirit” or “wholeheartedly” (2) the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “in the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	12	12	l3es	figs-declarative	τῇ ἐλπίδι χαίροντες, τῇ θλίψει ὑπομένοντες, τῇ προσευχῇ προσκαρτεροῦντες	1	be patient in suffering	Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “in hope, rejoice; in suffering, be patient; in prayer, persist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
 ROM	12	12	wept	grammar-connect-logic-result	τῇ ἐλπίδι	1	be patient in suffering	Here, **in** indicates that **hope** is the reason for **rejoicing**. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “because of hope, rejoicing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	12	12	uv64	grammar-connect-time-simultaneous	τῇ θλίψει ὑπομένοντες	1	be patient in suffering	Here, **in** indicates the situation in which someone should be **patient**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “at the time of suffering, being patient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
-ROM	12	12	xoy0	figs-explicit	τῇ προσευχῇ προσκαρτεροῦντες	1	be patient in suffering	Here, **in** indicates that **prayer** is what one needs to do persistently. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in regard to prayer, persisting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	12	13	vk5h	figs-declarative	ταῖς χρείαις τῶν ἁγίων κοινωνοῦντες, τὴν φιλοξενίαν διώκοντες	1	Share in the needs of the saints	Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “in the needs of the saints, share; pursue hospitality” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
-ROM	12	13	m53s	figs-abstractnouns	ταῖς χρείαις τῶν ἁγίων&τὴν φιλοξενίαν	1	Share in the needs of the saints	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **needs** and **hospitality**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “in the things the saints need … what is hospitable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ROM	12	12	xoy0	figs-explicit	τῇ προσευχῇ προσκαρτεροῦντες	1	be patient in suffering	Here, **in** indicates that **prayer** is what one needs to do persistently. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in regard to prayer, persisting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	12	13	m53s	figs-abstractnouns	ταῖς χρείαις τῶν ἁγίων&τὴν φιλοξενίαν	1	Share in the needs of the saints	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **needs** and **hospitality**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “in the things the saints need … hospitable actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	12	13	i3nm	figs-explicit	ταῖς χρείαις τῶν ἁγίων κοινωνοῦντες	1	Share in the needs of the saints	Here Paul implies sharing the things that a person has with those **saints** who have **needs**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “sharing what you have to meet the needs of the saints” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	12	14	exd8	figs-doublet	εὐλογεῖτε καὶ μὴ καταρᾶσθε	1		These two commands mean the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize what he is saying. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you must absolutely bless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 ROM	12	15	szpn	figs-declarative	χαίρειν μετὰ χαιρόντων, κλαίειν μετὰ κλαιόντων	1		Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “rejoice with those who rejoice; weep with those who weep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
-ROM	12	16	agio	figs-declarative	τὸ αὐτὸ εἰς ἀλλήλους φρονοῦντες, μὴ τὰ ὑψηλὰ φρονοῦντες, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ταπεινοῖς συναπαγόμενοι	1	Be of the same mind toward one another	Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “think the same thing toward one another, do not think the high things, but accept the lowly ones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
+ROM	12	16	agio	figs-declarative	τὸ αὐτὸ εἰς ἀλλήλους φρονοῦντες, μὴ τὰ ὑψηλὰ φρονοῦντες, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ταπεινοῖς συναπαγόμενοι	1	Be of the same mind toward one another	Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “think the same thing toward one another; do not think the high things, but accept the lowly ones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
 ROM	12	16	hwd1	figs-idiom	τὸ αὐτὸ εἰς ἀλλήλους φρονοῦντες	1	Be of the same mind toward one another	This clause is an idiom that refers to having the same concern for the wellbeing of other people as a person has for himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “caring about others the same way you care about yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ROM	12	16	ar7y	figs-idiom	μὴ τὰ ὑψηλὰ φρονοῦντες	1	Do not think in proud ways	Here, **thinking the high things** refers to someone arrogantly thinking that he is better than other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “not thinking that you are better than others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ROM	12	16	cc23	figs-explicit	τοῖς ταπεινοῖς συναπαγόμενοι	1	accept lowly people	Here, **the lowly ones** could refer to: (1) people who are poor or are not respected by society. Alternate translation: “accepting people who do not seem important” (2) doings things that people think are humiliating or unimportant. Alternate translation: “accepting the lowly tasks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -2255,18 +2255,18 @@ ROM	12	18	fbzh	figs-gendernotations	πάντων ἀνθρώπων	1		Although t
 ROM	12	19	e0hc	figs-declarative	μὴ ἑαυτοὺς ἐκδικοῦντες	1	give way to his wrath	Paul is using a statement to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “do not avenge yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
 ROM	12	19	ew6x	figs-metonymy	δότε τόπον τῇ ὀργῇ	1	give way to his wrath	Here, **wrath** refers to God’s punishment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “give way to God’s punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ROM	12	19	zre0	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ὀργῇ&ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις	1	give way to his wrath	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **wrath** and **vengeance**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “to God being wrathful … I will avenge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	12	19	tcwn	grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1	give way to his wrath	Here, **for** indicates that what follows is the reason why what Paul said in the previous clause is true. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. You may need to start a new sentence, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	12	19	tcwn	grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1	give way to his wrath	**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. Here, **for** indicates that what follows is the reason why what Paul said in the previous clause is true. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. You may need to start a new sentence, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	12	19	omjp	writing-quotations	γέγραπται	1	give way to his wrath	See how you translated the similar phrase in [1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
 ROM	12	19	ns3b	figs-activepassive	γέγραπται	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Moses wrote this quotation. Alternate translation: “Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	12	19	kf44	figs-quotemarks	ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις; ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω, λέγει Κύριος	1		This sentence is a quotation of [Deuteronomy 32:35](../deu/32/35.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
 ROM	12	19	lkpl	figs-quotesinquotes	ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις; ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω, λέγει Κύριος	1		If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “The Lord says that vengeance is for him; he will repay.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
 ROM	12	19	l2i8	figs-parallelism	ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις; ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω	1	Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God will avenge his people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “I will certainly avenge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
-ROM	12	19	xo5r	figs-metaphor	ἀνταποδώσω	1	Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay	Here Moses quotes God using **repay** to refer to appropriately punishing someone as if the punishment was reciprocal payment for that person’s deeds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will appropriately punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	12	19	xo5r	figs-metaphor	ἀνταποδώσω	1	Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay	Here Moses quotes God using **repay** to refer to appropriately punishing someone as if the punishment were reciprocal payment for that person’s deeds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will appropriately punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	12	19	mco6	figs-ellipsis	ἀνταποδώσω	1	Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay	Moses quotes God leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “will repay them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ROM	12	20	n96q	writing-quotations	ἀλλὰ	1	Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay	**But** here indicates that what follows is a quotation from an Old Testament book ([Proverbs 25:21–22](../pro/25/21.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “But, God says in the Scriptures,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
 ROM	12	20	q7dq	figs-quotemarks	ἐὰν πεινᾷ ὁ ἐχθρός σου, ψώμιζε αὐτόν; ἐὰν διψᾷ, πότιζε αὐτόν; τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν, ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ.	1		This sentence is a quotation of [Proverbs 25:21–22](../pro/25/21.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
-ROM	12	20	c4ig	figs-yousingular	ὁ ἐχθρός σου&σωρεύσεις	1		Here the pronouns **your** and **you** are singular and addressed as to one person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use plural forms here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
-ROM	12	20	uwbq	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why what was said in the previous sentence is true. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	12	20	c4ig	figs-yousingular	ὁ ἐχθρός σου&σωρεύσεις	1		Here the pronouns **your** and **you** are singular and addressed as though to one person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use plural forms here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
+ROM	12	20	uwbq	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1		**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. Here, **For** indicates that what follows is the reason why what was said in the previous sentence is true. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	12	20	wce6	figs-idiom	ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ	1	You will heap coals of fire on his head	This clause is an idiom. It could refer to: (1) a person feeling shame as a result of being helped by someone whom that person had harmed. Alternate translation: “you will make the person who harmed you feel badly about how he has mistreated you” (2) God very severely punishing the person who is being helped. Alternate translation: “you will give God a reason to judge him more harshly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ROM	12	21	q761	figs-personification	μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν	1	Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good	Paul describes **evil** as if it were a person who could conquer someone or be conquered by someone. He is referring to someone doing evil in response to someone doing evil to that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not let evil cause you to do evil, but use good to prevent evil from influencing you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 ROM	12	21	p7fd	figs-abstractnouns	τοῦ κακοῦ&τῷ ἀγαθῷ&τὸ κακόν	1	Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **evil** and **good**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “evil things … evil things … good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -2274,65 +2274,65 @@ ROM	12	21	k8et	figs-activepassive	μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ	1
 ROM	13	intro	l4q7			0		# Romans 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and Formatting<br><br>7. Instructions for living as Christians (12:1–15:13)<br>    * How to act toward God (12:1–2)<br>    * How to serve the church (12:3–8)<br>    * How to act toward other Christians (12:9–13)<br>    * How to act toward unbelievers (12:14–21)<br>    * How to act toward government (13:1–7)<br>    * How to act toward other people (13:8–10)<br>    * Act as if the end is near (13:11–14)<br><br>## Special Concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Submission to rulers<br><br>In [13:1–7](../13/01.md) Paul commands his readers to obey rulers and pay taxes. Some readers will find this difficult to accept, especially if they live in places where wicked rulers persecute the church. It is important to recognize that the Holy Spirit led Paul to write these words while the Roman government was persecuting Christians. Christians must obey their rulers as well as obey God. The only time a Christian should disobey governing authorities is when those rulers do not allow Christians to do something God explicitly commands them to do (for an example of such a situation, see [Acts 5:28–29](../act/05/28.md)).<br><br>### “The night advanced, and the day has come near”<br><br>In [13:11–14](../13/11.md) Paul tells his readers that they should behave like Jesus because Jesus is coming back soon. He calls the current time in which people do what is evil the “night,” and he calls the time when Jesus returns the “day.”
 ROM	13	1	i1kf	figs-activepassive	πᾶσα ψυχὴ ἐξουσίαις ὑπερεχούσαις ὑποτασσέσθω	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Let every soul subject itself to governing authorities” or “Let everyone subject themselves to governing authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	13	1	b8nf	figs-synecdoche	πᾶσα ψυχὴ	1	Let every soul be obedient to	Paul uses **soul** here to refer to the whole life of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-ROM	13	1	gkmd	figs-abstractnouns	ἐξουσίαις&ἐξουσία&οὖσαι	1	Let every soul be obedient to	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **authorities** and **authority**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “to those who are authorized to govern … authorized people … existing ones who are authorized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ROM	13	1	gkmd	figs-abstractnouns	ἐξουσίαις&ἐξουσία&οὖσαι	1	Let every soul be obedient to	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **authorities** and **authority**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “to those who are authorized to govern … authorized person … existing ones who are authorized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	13	1	wii2	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ&ἔστιν ἐξουσία, εἰ μὴ ὑπὸ Θεοῦ	1	there is no authority unless it comes from God	If your readers would misunderstand this double negative, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “all authority comes from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 ROM	13	1	j3lr	figs-activepassive	αἱ δὲ οὖσαι ὑπὸ Θεοῦ τεταγμέναι εἰσίν	1	The authorities that exist have been appointed by God	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and God appointed the existing authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	13	2	ezg5	grammar-connect-logic-result	ὥστε	1		**So then** here introduces the result of what Paul said in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: “Since this is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	13	2	ezg5	grammar-connect-logic-result	ὥστε	1		**So then** indicates that what follows in this verse summarizes ideas that were previously expressed. **So then** here introduces the result of what Paul said in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: “Since this is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	13	2	ui8y	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ, τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ διαταγῇ&ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται	1	that authority	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **authority**, **command**, and **judgment**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “those who are authorized … what God has commanded … will cause themselves to be judged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	13	2	vc3u	writing-pronouns	οἱ δὲ ἀνθεστηκότες	1	that authority	Here, **it** refers to **that authority** stated earlier in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and the ones who have opposed that authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ROM	13	2	dsa3	figs-activepassive	ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται	1	those who oppose it will receive judgment on themselves	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will cause God to bring judgment on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	13	2	y21s	figs-metaphor	ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται	1	those who oppose it will receive judgment on themselves	Here Paul speaks of **judgment** as if it were an object that one could **bring** and put **on** someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will cause God to judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	13	3	m3yf	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	For	**For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+ROM	13	3	m3yf	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	For	**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	13	3	c2xa	figs-abstractnouns	φόβος&τὴν ἐξουσίαν&τὸ ἀγαθὸν&ἕξεις ἔπαινον	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **terror**, **authority**, **good**, and **praise**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “terrifying … whom God has authorized … good things … you will be praised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	13	3	jt2z	figs-explicit	τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἔργῳ,&τῷ κακῷ	1	to good deeds … to evil deeds	Here, **the good deed** and **the evil deed** refer to the people who do those deeds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to those who do the good deed … to those who do the evil deed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	13	3	z4sq	figs-rquestion	θέλεις δὲ μὴ φοβεῖσθαι τὴν ἐξουσίαν?	1	Do you desire to be unafraid of the one in authority?	Paul is not asking for information, but is using the question form here to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Now this is how you can not fear the authority:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 ROM	13	3	nohi	figs-activepassive	ἕξεις ἔπαινον	1	Do you desire to be unafraid of the one in authority?	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the authorities will praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	13	3	ahl9	grammar-connect-logic-result	ἐξ αὐτῆς	1	you will receive his approval	Here, **from** indicates the reason why **you will have praise**. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “because of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
-ROM	13	4	w4s0	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	he does not carry the sword for no reason	Here, **for** indicates that what follows is the reason why what Paul said in the previous clause is true. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	13	4	w4s0	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	he does not carry the sword for no reason	The word **for** indicates that what follows explains what came before this word. Here, **for** indicates that what follows is the reason why what Paul said in the previous clause is true. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	13	4	j4kb	writing-pronouns	ἐστιν&οὐ&φορεῖ&ἐστιν	1		In this verse the pronoun **he** refers to a person who rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the ruler is … the ruler does not carry … the ruler is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-ROM	13	4	zgz2	figs-abstractnouns	Θεοῦ&διάκονός&τὸ ἀγαθόν&τὸ κακὸν&Θεοῦ&διάκονός&ὀργὴν&τὸ κακὸν	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **servant**, **good**, **evil**, and **wrath**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “one who serves God … doing good … evil things … one who serves God … what is wrathful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	13	4	quy4	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	2		Here, **for** indicates that what follows is the reason why what Paul said in the previous clause is true. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
-ROM	13	4	ink8	figs-litotes	οὐ&εἰκῇ τὴν μάχαιραν φορεῖ	1	he does not carry the sword for no reason	Here Paul uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “he carries the sword for a very good reason” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
+ROM	13	4	zgz2	figs-abstractnouns	Θεοῦ&διάκονός&τὸ ἀγαθόν&τὸ κακὸν&Θεοῦ&διάκονός&ὀργὴν&τὸ κακὸν	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **servant**, **good**, **evil**, and **wrath**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “one who serves God … doing good … evil things … one who serves God … what is wrathful … evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ROM	13	4	quy4	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	2		The word **for** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. Here, **for** introduces the reason why what Paul said in the previous clause is true. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	13	4	ink8	figs-litotes	οὐ&εἰκῇ τὴν μάχαιραν φορεῖ	1	he does not carry the sword for no reason	Here Paul uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that means the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “he carries the sword for a very good reason” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 ROM	13	4	s3vz	figs-metonymy	οὐ&τὴν μάχαιραν φορεῖ	1	carry the sword	Here, **the sword** refers to a ruler’s authority to punish wicked people, which could include killing them with a sword. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he does not have the authority to punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ROM	13	4	vx6b	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	3		Here, **for** indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “in fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+ROM	13	4	vx6b	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	3		The word **for** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. Here, **for** indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “in fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	13	4	d61t	grammar-connect-logic-goal	εἰς ὀργὴν	1	an avenger for wrath	Here, **for** indicates that what follows is the purpose of **an avenger**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
 ROM	13	4	au7j	figs-metonymy	ὀργὴν	1	an avenger for wrath	See how you translated **wrath** in [1:18](../01/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ROM	13	4	cq0x	figs-metaphor	ὀργὴν τῷ τὸ κακὸν πράσσοντι	1		Paul speaks of **wrath** as if it were an object that could be put **on** a person. He means that every evil person will experience wrathful punishment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “wrath will be experienced by the one who practices the evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	13	4	cq0x	figs-metaphor	ὀργὴν τῷ τὸ κακὸν πράσσοντι	1		Paul speaks of **wrath** as if it were an object that could be put **on** a person. He means that every evil person will experience wrathful punishment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “wrath that will be experienced by the one who practices the evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	13	5	jqz7	grammar-connect-logic-result	διὸ	1		See how you translated this word in [1:24](../01/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	13	5	sxq1	figs-activepassive	ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to subject yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	13	5	aq7p	figs-explicit	ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1		Paul implies that his readers should **be subjected** to the rulers described in [verses 1–4](../13/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to be subjected to rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	13	5	q81v	figs-ellipsis	διὰ τὴν ὀργὴν, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν	1	not only because of the wrath, but also because of conscience	Paul is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “because of the wrath they can do to you, but also because your conscience knows that you should do submit to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-ROM	13	5	ykg9	figs-abstractnouns	τὴν ὀργὴν&τὴν συνείδησιν	1	not only because of the wrath, but also because of conscience	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **wrath** and **conscience**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is wrathful … what you are conscience of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ROM	13	5	q81v	figs-ellipsis	διὰ τὴν ὀργὴν, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν	1	not only because of the wrath, but also because of conscience	Paul is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “because of the wrathful deeds they can do to you, but also because your conscience knows that you should do submit to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+ROM	13	5	ykg9	figs-abstractnouns	τὴν ὀργὴν&τὴν συνείδησιν	1	not only because of the wrath, but also because of conscience	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **wrath** and **conscience**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is wrathful … what you know is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	13	5	bs1u	figs-metonymy	τὴν ὀργὴν	1	not only because of the wrath, but also because of conscience	See how you translated this word in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ROM	13	6	x5i2	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+ROM	13	6	x5i2	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	13	6	r1jy	writing-pronouns	διὰ τοῦτο	1	Because of this	Here, **this** could refer to: (1) “the wrath” and “the conscience” mentioned in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “because of the wrath and your conscience” (2) “the wrath” and “the conscience” mentioned in the previous verse, and the fact that rulers **are servants of God**. Alternate translation: “because of the wrath and your conscience, and because rulers are servants of God”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-ROM	13	6	hy4f	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	2	For they are	Here, **for** indicates that what follows is another reason why Christians should **pay taxes**. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	13	6	hy4f	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	2	For they are	**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. Here, **for** indicates that what follows is another reason why Christians should **pay taxes**. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	13	6	ib5x	writing-pronouns	εἰσιν	1		Here, **they** refers to the rulers described in [verses 1–4](../13/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the rulers are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ROM	13	6	gh12	figs-abstractnouns	λειτουργοὶ&Θεοῦ	1		See how you translated the similar phrase in [verse 4](../13/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	13	6	e8ey	figs-distinguish	εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο προσκαρτεροῦντες	1		This clause gives additional information about the rulers, who are called **servants of God** in the previous clause. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make the connection between these clauses more explicit. Alternate translation: “these rulers are the ones persisting in this very thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
+ROM	13	6	e8ey	figs-distinguish	εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο προσκαρτεροῦντες	1		This clause gives additional information about the rulers, who are called **servants of God** in the previous clause. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make the connection between these clauses more explicit. Alternate translation: “and these rulers are the ones persisting in this very thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
 ROM	13	6	xmsa	figs-explicit	αὐτὸ τοῦτο	1		Here, **this very thing** refers to serving God by ruling over people, as is indicated by Paul calling them **servants of God** in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “this service” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	13	7	z9cn	figs-abstractnouns	τὰς ὀφειλάς	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **obligations**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what you are obligated to pay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	13	7	wg2l	figs-ellipsis	τῷ τὸν φόρον, τὸν φόρον; τῷ τὸ τέλος, τὸ τέλος; τῷ τὸν φόβον, τὸν φόβον; τῷ τὴν τιμὴν, τὴν τιμήν	1	Tax to whom tax is due, toll to whom toll is due; fear to whom fear is due, honor to whom honor is due.	Paul is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “pay tax to whom tax is due, pay toll to whom toll is due, show fear to whom fear is due, show honor to him to whom honor is due” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ROM	13	7	jg3u	figs-genericnoun	τῷ τὸν φόρον, τὸν φόρον; τῷ τὸ τέλος, τὸ τέλος	1	Tax to whom tax is due, toll to whom toll is due; fear to whom fear is due, honor to whom honor is due.	Paul is speaking of taxes and tolls in general, not of one particular **tax** and **toll**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “taxes to whom taxes, tolls to whom tolls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
 ROM	13	7	s2nf	translate-unknown	τῷ τὸ τέλος, τὸ τέλος	1	toll	The word **toll** refers to a specific kind of tax that must be paid in addition to regular taxes. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of tax, you could use a general expression for additional taxes. Alternate translation: “government fees to whom government fees” or “revenues to whom revenues” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
-ROM	13	7	ao8q	figs-abstractnouns	τῷ τὸν φόβον, τὸν φόβον; τῷ τὴν τιμὴν, τὴν τιμήν	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **fear** and **honor**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “fear whomever should be feared … honor whomever should be honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ROM	13	7	ao8q	figs-abstractnouns	τῷ τὸν φόβον, τὸν φόβον; τῷ τὴν τιμὴν, τὴν τιμήν	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **fear** and **honor**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “fear to whomever should be feared, honor to whomever should be honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	13	7	nwi2	figs-metaphor	τῷ τὸν φόβον, τὸν φόβον; τῷ τὴν τιμὴν, τὴν τιμήν	1	fear to whom fear is due, honor to whom honor is due	Here Paul refers to fearing and honoring those who deserve to be feared and honored as if someone is paying them **fear** and **honor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “fear those who should be feared, honor those who should be honored” or “respect those whom you ought to respect, honor those whom you ought to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	13	8	a69g	figs-doublenegatives	μηδενὶ μηδὲν ὀφείλετε	1		If your readers would misunderstand this double negative, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “Do not owe anyone anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
-ROM	13	8	ay3n	figs-metaphor	μηδενὶ μηδὲν ὀφείλετε, εἰ μὴ τὸ ἀλλήλους ἀγαπᾶν	1	except to love one another	Here Paul speaks of loving other believers as if it were a debt owed to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Owe nothing to no one, but love one another, as if it were a debt that you owed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	13	8	ay3n	figs-metaphor	μηδενὶ μηδὲν ὀφείλετε, εἰ μὴ τὸ ἀλλήλους ἀγαπᾶν	1	except to love one another	Here Paul speaks of loving other believers as if it were a debt owed to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Owe nothing to anyone, but love one another as if it were a debt that you owed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	13	8	dptn	figs-explicit	τὸ ἀλλήλους	1	except to love one another	Here, **one another** refers to other Christians. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	13	8	auu3	grammar-collectivenouns	νόμον	1	except to love one another	See how you translated **the law** in [2:12](../02/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
-ROM	13	9	qcri	grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why loving others fulfills the law, as stated in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “This is true since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	13	9	qcri	grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1		**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why loving others fulfills the law, as stated in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “This is true since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	13	9	r7kd	writing-quotations	τὸ	1		Here Paul uses **this** to indicate a quotation from the law that is written in the Old Testament ([Exodus 20:13–15](../exo/20/13.md), [17](../exo/20/17.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “God had said in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
 ROM	13	9	t0os	figs-quotemarks	οὐ μοιχεύσεις, οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ κλέψεις, οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις	1		These clauses are a quotation from [Exodus 20:13–15](../exo/20/13.md), [17](../exo/20/17.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
 ROM	13	9	ng84	grammar-connect-condition-fact	εἴ τις ἑτέρα ἐντολή	1		Paul is speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what Paul is saying is not certain, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “if there is any other commandment, and there is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])
-ROM	13	9	mgc9	figs-explicit	τις ἑτέρα ἐντολή	1		Here, **any other commandment** refers to **any** of the commandments that God gave the Israelites other than those that Paul has just mentioned. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “there are any other commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	13	9	mgc9	figs-explicit	τις ἑτέρα ἐντολή	1		Here, **any other commandment** refers to **any** of the commandments that God gave the Israelites other than those that Paul has just mentioned. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “there is any other commandment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	13	9	jva8	figs-abstractnouns	ἐντολή	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **commandment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “thing God has commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	13	9	x8i1	figs-activepassive	ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ, ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this word summed it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	13	9	ytof	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ	1		Here Paul uses **word** to refer to a commandment that is made up of words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in this commandment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ROM	13	9	ylb1	writing-quotations	ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ	1		Here Paul uses **this word** to indicate a quotation from the law that is written in the Old Testament ([Leviticus 19:18](../lev/19/18.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “in this commandment in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
 ROM	13	9	so4u	figs-quotemarks	ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν	1		This sentence is a quotation from [Leviticus 19:18](../lev/19/18.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
 ROM	13	10	vy62	figs-personification	ἡ ἀγάπη τῷ πλησίον κακὸν οὐκ ἐργάζεται	1	Love does not harm one’s neighbor	Here Paul speaks of love as if it were a person who could do some kind of **work**. He means that people who love other people do not do **evil** things to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “People who love do not work evil to a neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-ROM	13	10	xa4n	figs-abstractnouns	ἡ ἀγάπη τῷ πλησίον&κακὸν&πλήρωμα&νόμου&ἡ ἀγάπη	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **love**, **evil**, and **fulfillment**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “Loving a neighbor … what is evil …fulfills the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ROM	13	10	xa4n	figs-abstractnouns	ἡ ἀγάπη τῷ πλησίον&κακὸν&πλήρωμα&νόμου&ἡ ἀγάπη	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **love**, **evil**, and **fulfillment**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “Loving a neighbor … what is evil … loving others fulfills the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	13	10	l92e	grammar-collectivenouns	νόμου	1		See how you translated **the law** in [2:12](../02/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
 ROM	13	11	okty	figs-ellipsis	καὶ τοῦτο	1		Paul is leaving out a word that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply this word from the context. Alternate translation: “And do this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ROM	13	11	dxm0	writing-pronouns	τοῦτο	1		Here, **this** refers back to all the commands Paul stated in [12:1](../12/01.md)–[13:10](../13/10.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “these commands that I have given you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
@@ -2340,13 +2340,13 @@ ROM	13	11	cdwh	grammar-connect-logic-result	εἰδότες τὸν καιρόν
 ROM	13	11	vd49	figs-distinguish	τὸν καιρόν, ὅτι ὥρα ἤδη	1	we know the time, that it is already time for us to awake out of sleep	Here, **that** indicates that what follows in this clause is a description of **the time** stated in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the connection between these clauses more explicit. Alternate translation: “that it is already the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
 ROM	13	11	gvlw	figs-metonymy	ὥρα	1	we know the time, that it is already time for us to awake out of sleep	Here, **hour** refers to a point in time when something happens. It has the same meaning as **time** in the previous clause. It does not refer to a 60-minute length of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the point in time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ROM	13	11	b6l3	figs-metaphor	ὑμᾶς ἐξ ὕπνου ἐγερθῆναι	1	we know the time, that it is already time for us to awake out of sleep	Paul speaks of the need for the Roman believers to be spiritually vigilant as if they needed to wake up from being asleep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for you to be spiritually vigilant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	13	11	acg2	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	we know the time, that it is already time for us to awake out of sleep	**For** here indicates a reason why Paul’s readers should **awake from sleep**. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “Do this since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	13	11	acg2	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	we know the time, that it is already time for us to awake out of sleep	**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates a reason why Paul’s readers should **awake from sleep**. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “Do this since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	13	11	s3p9	figs-abstractnouns	ἡμῶν ἡ σωτηρία	1	we know the time, that it is already time for us to awake out of sleep	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **salvation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “our being saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	13	11	jgib	figs-explicit	ἡμῶν ἡ σωτηρία	1		Here Paul uses **salvation** to refer to the future event when Christ returns and Christians receive the full blessings of their **salvation**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the completion of our salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	13	11	sj56	figs-metaphor	ἐγγύτερον	1		Here Paul speaks of **our salvation** as if it were an object that could become **nearer** to a person. He means that **our salvation** will occur soon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is going to happen sooner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	13	11	ra5t	figs-explicit	ὅτε ἐπιστεύσαμεν	1		This phrase indicates the time at which Paul’s Christian readers first started believing in Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “when we first believed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	13	11	rhdr	figs-ellipsis	ἐπιστεύσαμεν	1		Paul is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “we believed in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-ROM	13	12	ahn4	figs-metaphor	ἡ νὺξ	1	The night has advanced	**The night** here refers the current time period when people do evil deeds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “This time when people act sinfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	13	12	ahn4	figs-metaphor	ἡ νὺξ	1	The night has advanced	**The night** here refers the time period when people do evil deeds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “This time when people act sinfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	13	12	dioj	figs-metaphor	προέκοψεν	1	The night has advanced	Here, **advanced** refers to the **night** being almost over. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will soon be over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	13	12	p7xp	figs-explicit	ἡ&ἡμέρα	2	the day has come near	Paul speaks of the time when Jesus will return to earth as **the day**. This event is referred to as “the day of the Lord” elsewhere in the Bible and is related to Paul’s reference to a future “salvation” in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the time when Jesus returns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	13	12	v3m1	figs-metaphor	ἤγγικεν	1	the day has come near	Here Paul speaks of **the day** as if it were an object that could **come near** a person. He means that the time when Jesus returns will be soon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is going to happen soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -2358,15 +2358,15 @@ ROM	13	12	rjz0	figs-possession	τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός	1		Paul is usi
 ROM	13	12	dw5m	figs-metaphor	τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός	1	let us put on the armor of light	Here, **weapons** refers to what Christians do to oppose evil, and **the light** refers to good deeds, which is in contrast to **the darkness** in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “the good deeds used for opposing evil” or “the good deeds that are like weapons for fighting evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	13	13	gv4q	figs-exclusive	περιπατήσωμεν	1	Let us walk	Here, **us** refers to Paul and his Christian readers, so **us** would be inclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 ROM	13	13	ketz	figs-metaphor	εὐσχημόνως περιπατήσωμεν	1	Let us walk appropriately, as in the day	Here Paul uses **walk** to refer to how people behave or lives their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let us behave decently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	13	13	e6ij	figs-metaphor	ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ	1		Here Paul refers to the unashamed way that Christians are supposed to behave as if they were walking during **the day** when people can see what they do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as if everyone can see what we are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	13	13	e6ij	figs-metaphor	ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ	1		Here Paul refers to the unashamed way that Christians are supposed to behave as if they were walking during **the day**, when people can see what they do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as if everyone can see what we are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	13	13	svuf	figs-ellipsis	μὴ κώμοις καὶ μέθαις, μὴ κοίταις καὶ ἀσελγείαις, μὴ ἔριδι καὶ ζήλῳ	1		Paul is leaving out some of the words that clauses would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “not walking in drunken celebrations or drunkenness; not walking in sexual immorality and uncontrolled lust, not walking in strife and jealousy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-ROM	13	13	wd5c	figs-abstractnouns	κώμοις&μέθαις&κοίταις&ἀσελγείαις&ἔριδι&ζήλῳ	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **celebrations**, **drunkenness**, **immorality**, **lust**, **strife**, and **jealousy**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “in being drunk while celebrating … being drunk … in acting sexually immoral … lusting uncontrollably … in quarreling with others … being jealous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ROM	13	13	wd5c	figs-abstractnouns	κώμοις&μέθαις&κοίταις&ἀσελγείαις&ἔριδι&ζήλῳ	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **celebrations**, **drunkenness**, **immorality**, **lust**, **strife**, and **jealousy**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “in being drunk while celebrating … being drunk … in acting sexually immorally … lusting uncontrollably … in quarreling with others … being jealous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	13	13	qes3	figs-doublet	κοίταις καὶ ἀσελγείαις	1	in sexual immorality or in uncontrolled lust	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize all kinds of sexual sins. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “in every kind of sexually immoral act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 ROM	13	14	emp4	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλὰ	1	in sexual immorality or in uncontrolled lust	**But** here indicates that what follows is in strong contrast to what was said in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “Instead of doing those things,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
-ROM	13	14	sir6	figs-metaphor	ἐνδύσασθε τὸν Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν	1	put on the Lord Jesus Christ	Paul speaks of **Christ** as if he were clothing that someone could **put on**. He means that people should behave like **Jesus**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “act like the Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	13	14	j795	figs-abstractnouns	τῆς σαρκὸς πρόνοιαν μὴ ποιεῖσθε, εἰς ἐπιθυμίας	1	put on	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **forethought** or **desires**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “do not think with regard to what the flesh desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ROM	13	14	sir6	figs-metaphor	ἐνδύσασθε τὸν Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν	1	put on the Lord Jesus Christ	Paul speaks of **Christ** as if he were clothing that someone could **put on**. He means that people should behave like **Jesus** behaves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “act like the Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	13	14	j795	figs-abstractnouns	τῆς σαρκὸς πρόνοιαν μὴ ποιεῖσθε, εἰς ἐπιθυμίας	1	put on	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **forethought** or **desires**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “do not think ahead with regard to what the flesh desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	13	14	xre7	figs-metaphor	τῆς σαρκὸς	1	make no provision for the flesh	Here Paul uses **flesh** figuratively to refer to sinful human nature. See how you translated a similar use of **flesh** in [7:18](../07/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	14	intro	kt8c			0		# Romans 14 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and Formatting<br><br>7. Instructions for living as Christians (12:1–15:13)<br>    * How to act toward God (12:1–2)<br>    * How to serve the church (12:3–8)<br>    * How to act toward other Christians (12:9–13)<br>    * How to act toward unbelievers (12:14–21)<br>    * How to act toward government (13:1–7)<br>    * How to act toward other people (13:8–10)<br>    * Act as if the end is near (13:11–14)<br>    * Do not judge other Christians (14:1–12)<br>    * Do not tempt other Christians to sin (14:13–23)<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with [verse 11](../14/11.md) of this chapter, which Paul quotes from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special Concepts in this Chapter<br><br>### Weak in faith<br><br>Paul teaches that Christians can have real faith and at the same time be “weak in faith” regarding some situations. This describes Christians whose faith is immature and who feel guilty about doing certain things that God did not forbid. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Dietary restrictions<br><br>In the law of Moses, God forbade the Jews from eating the meat of some animals which God said were unclean. However, since Christians have been “made dead to the law” ([7:4](../07/04.md)), they are free to eat what they want. The Roman church that Paul wrote this letter to was made up of both Jews and Gentiles. Some of the Jewish believers were offended by the non-Jewish believers eating foods that God had previously forbidden in the law of Moses. The non-Jewish believers were also judging the Jewish believers for not eating those foods. Paul uses this situation to teach that Christians must use their freedom in a way that honors the Lord and shows love to other believers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter<br><br>### Inclusive language<br><br>In this chapter the pronouns “we” and “us” refer inclusively to all believers in Christ. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+ROM	14	intro	kt8c			0		# Romans 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n7. Instructions for living as Christians (12:1–15:13)\n    * How to act toward God (12:1–2)\n    * How to serve the church (12:3–8)\n    * How to act toward other Christians (12:9–13)\n    * How to act toward unbelievers (12:14–21)\n    * How to act toward government (13:1–7)\n    * How to act toward other people (13:8–10)\n    * Act as if the end is near (13:11–14)\n    * Do not judge other Christians (14:1–12)\n    * Do not tempt other Christians to sin (14:13–23)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with [verse 11](../14/11.md) of this chapter, which Paul quotes from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Weak in faith\n\nPaul teaches that Christians can have real faith, and yet at the same time be “weak in faith” regarding some situations. This describes Christians whose faith is immature and who feel guilty about doing certain things that God did not forbid. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])\n\n### Dietary restrictions\n\nIn the law of Moses, God forbade the Jews from eating the meat of some animals which God said were unclean. However, since Christians have been “made dead to the law” ([7:4](../07/04.md)), they are free to eat what they want. The Roman church to which Paul wrote this letter was made up of both Jews and Gentiles. Some of the Jewish believers were offended by the non-Jewish believers eating foods that God had previously forbidden in the law of Moses. The non-Jewish believers were also judging the Jewish believers for not eating those foods. Paul uses this situation to teach that Christians must use their freedom in a way that honors the Lord and shows love to other believers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Inclusive language\n\nIn this chapter the pronouns “we” and “us” refer inclusively to all believers in Christ. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 ROM	14	1	jf8v	figs-metaphor	ἀσθενοῦντα τῇ πίστει	1	weak in faith	Here, **weak in the faith** refers to someone who does not have a mature **faith**, but feels guilty about doing certain things that God did not forbid. The word **weak** here does not refer to physical weakness. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “whose faith is not mature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	14	1	bdy7	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ πίστει&διακρίσεις	1	weak in faith	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **faith** and **judgments**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “in what he believes … judging” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	14	1	p697	figs-ellipsis	μὴ εἰς διακρίσεις διαλογισμῶν	1	without giving judgment about arguments	Paul is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “not accepting that one for passing judgments on opinions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@@ -2375,45 +2375,45 @@ ROM	14	2	tuf5	figs-genericnoun	ὃς	1	One person has faith to eat anything	**On
 ROM	14	2	ii8g	figs-ellipsis	ὃς μὲν πιστεύει φαγεῖν πάντα	1	One person has faith to eat anything	Paul is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “One person believes that God has permitted people to eat any type of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ROM	14	2	n2n6	figs-metaphor	ὁ&ἀσθενῶν	1	another who is weak eats only vegetables	See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	14	2	yhhy	figs-explicit	λάχανα ἐσθίει	1	another who is weak eats only vegetables	Here Paul implies that this person **eats** only **vegetables**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	14	3	n0xd	figs-explicit	ὁ ἐσθίων, τὸν μὴ ἐσθίοντα μὴ ἐξουθενείτω; ὁ δὲ μὴ ἐσθίων, τὸν ἐσθίοντα μὴ κρινέτω	1		Here, **the one who eats** refers to those people mentioned in the previous verse who believe that they can eat any kind of food, and **the one who does not eat** refers to those people called “the one who is weak” in the previous two verses. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Let the one who eats any type of food not despise the one who does not eat every type of food, and let the one who does not eat every type of food not judge the one who does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	14	3	pqrp	writing-pronouns	ὁ Θεὸς&αὐτὸν προσελάβετο	1		Although the pronoun **him** is singular, here it refers to both **the one who eats** and **the one who does not eat**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “God has excepted them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+ROM	14	3	n0xd	figs-explicit	ὁ ἐσθίων, τὸν μὴ ἐσθίοντα μὴ ἐξουθενείτω; ὁ δὲ μὴ ἐσθίων, τὸν ἐσθίοντα μὴ κρινέτω	1		Here, **the one eating** refers to the person mentioned in the previous verse who believes that he can eat any kind of food, and **the one not eating** refers to the person called “the one being weak” in the previous two verses. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Let the one who eats any type of food not despise the one who does not eat every type of food, and let the one who does not eat every type of food not judge the one who eats every type of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	14	3	pqrp	writing-pronouns	ὁ Θεὸς&αὐτὸν προσελάβετο	1		Although the pronoun **him** is singular, here it refers to both **the one eating** and **the one not eating**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “God has accepted them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ROM	14	4	q9bx	figs-rquestion	σὺ τίς εἶ, ὁ κρίνων ἀλλότριον οἰκέτην?	1	Who are you, you who judge a servant belonging to someone else?	Paul is using a question to emphasize that Christians should not judge each other. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You have no right to judge a household slave belonging to another!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 ROM	14	4	xq7r	figs-youcrowd	σὺ	1	you, who judges	Even though Paul is writing to a group of people, **you** here is singular. If the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
 ROM	14	4	vaym	figs-metaphor	ἀλλότριον οἰκέτην	1	you, who judges	Paul speaks of any Christian as if he were a **household slave** who belongs **to another**. He means that all Christians belong to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “someone who belongs to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	14	4	ba38	figs-metaphor	τῷ ἰδίῳ κυρίῳ	1	It is before his own master that he stands or falls	Paul speaks of God as if he were a **master** who owns slaves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “To God, who is his master,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	14	4	cp9y	figs-metaphor	τῷ ἰδίῳ κυρίῳ στήκει ἢ πίπτει. σταθήσεται δέ, δυνατεῖ γὰρ ὁ Κύριος στῆσαι αὐτόν	1	But he will be made to stand, for the Lord is able to make him stand	This could mean: (1) **stands** and **stand** refer to pleasing God, and **falls** refers to not pleasing God. Alternate translation: “He pleases or does not please his own master. But he will be made to please God, for the Lord is able to make him be pleasing” (2) **stands** and **stand** refer to being accepted God at the final judgment, and **falls** refers to being condemned by God at the final judgment. Alternate translation: “He will either be approved or condemned by his own master. But he will be approved by God, for the Lord is able to approve him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	14	4	cp9y	figs-metaphor	τῷ ἰδίῳ κυρίῳ στήκει ἢ πίπτει. σταθήσεται δέ, δυνατεῖ γὰρ ὁ Κύριος στῆσαι αὐτόν	1	But he will be made to stand, for the Lord is able to make him stand	This could mean: (1) **stands** and **stand** refer to pleasing God, and **falls** refers to not pleasing God. Alternate translation: “He pleases or does not please his own master. But he will be made to please God, for the Lord is able to make him be pleasing” (2) **stands** and **stand** refer to being accepted by God at the final judgment, and **falls** refers to being condemned by God at the final judgment. Alternate translation: “He will either be approved or condemned by his own master. But he will be approved by God, for the Lord is able to approve him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	14	4	togo	figs-activepassive	σταθήσεται	1	It is before his own master that he stands or falls	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will make him stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	14	4	ucto	figs-activepassive	σταθήσεται δέ, δυνατεῖ γὰρ ὁ Κύριος στῆσαι αὐτόν	1		You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “But the Lord will accept him because he is able to make the servant acceptable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	14	5	x7j2		κρίνει ἡμέραν παρ’ ἡμέραν	1	One person values one day above another. Another values every day equally	Alternate translation: “considers one day to be different from another day” or “considers one day to be more important than another day”
 ROM	14	5	vm8j		κρίνει πᾶσαν ἡμέραν	1		Alternate translation: “considers all days to be the same” or “considers no day to be more important than another day”
 ROM	14	5	m511	figs-explicit	ἕκαστος ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ νοῒ, πληροφορείσθω	1	Let each person be convinced in his own mind	Paul implies that each person should be **convinced** about what he thinks honors the Lord. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Let each one be fully convinced in his own mind that what he does honors the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	14	5	y5ea	figs-activepassive	ἕκαστος&πληροφορείσθω	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Let each one be completely certain” or “Let each one fully convince himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	14	6	pfn6	figs-explicit	ὁ φρονῶν τὴν ἡμέραν	1	He who observes the day, observes it for the Lord	**The one who regards** refers to the person in the previous verse who “judges day from day”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The one who regards some days as more important than other days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	14	6	esu5	figs-ellipsis	ὁ ἐσθίων	1	he who eats	Here, **the one who eats** refers to the person in [verse 3](../14/03.md) who eats all kinds of food. Paul is leaving out a word that this phrase would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply this word from [verse 3](../14/03.md). Alternate translation: “the one who eats every kind of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+ROM	14	6	pfn6	figs-explicit	ὁ φρονῶν τὴν ἡμέραν	1	He who observes the day, observes it for the Lord	**The one regarding** refers to the person in the previous verse who “judges day from day”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The one who regards one day as more important than another day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	14	6	esu5	figs-ellipsis	ὁ ἐσθίων	1	he who eats	Here, **the one who eats** refers to the person in [verse 3](../14/03.md) who eats all kinds of food. Paul is leaving out a word that this phrase would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply this word from [verse 3](../14/03.md). Alternate translation: “the one eating every kind of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ROM	14	6	f9tm	grammar-connect-logic-goal	Κυρίῳ&Κυρίῳ&Κυρίῳ	1	eats for the Lord	In this verse the phrase **for the Lord** indicates the purpose for which these people act in these ways. They do so in order to benefit or honor the Lord. Use the most natural way in your language to express a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of honoring the Lord … for the purpose of honoring the Lord … for the purpose of honoring the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
-ROM	14	6	ad27	figs-metaphor	εὐχαριστεῖ&τῷ Θεῷ&καὶ εὐχαριστεῖ τῷ Θεῷ	1	He who does not eat	Here Paul speaks of expressing **thanks** as if they were something that could be given to a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he thanks God … he also thanks God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	14	6	jh8j	figs-ellipsis	καὶ ὁ μὴ ἐσθίων	1	He who does not eat	Here, **the one who does not eat** refers to the person in [verse 3](../14/03.md) who only eats vegetables. Paul is leaving out a word that this phrase would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply this word from [verse 3](../14/03.md). Alternate translation: “the one who eats does not eat every kind of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-ROM	14	7	t6q7	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	For none of us lives for himself	**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why what Paul said in the previous clause is true. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	14	6	ad27	figs-metaphor	εὐχαριστεῖ&τῷ Θεῷ&καὶ εὐχαριστεῖ τῷ Θεῷ	1	He who does not eat	Here Paul speaks of expressing **thanks** as if words of gratitude were something that could be given to a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he thanks God … he also thanks God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	14	6	jh8j	figs-ellipsis	καὶ ὁ μὴ ἐσθίων	1	He who does not eat	Here, **the one who not eating** refers to the person in [verse 3](../14/03.md) who only eats vegetables. Paul is leaving out a word that this phrase would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply this word from [verse 3](../14/03.md). Alternate translation: “the one who eats does not eat every kind of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+ROM	14	7	t6q7	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	For none of us lives for himself	**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why what Paul said in the previous clause is true. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	14	7	u9ar	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	none of us	Here, **us** refers to Paul and his Christian readers, so **us** would be inclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 ROM	14	7	txm3	figs-explicit	ἑαυτῷ&ἑαυτῷ	1	For none of us lives for himself	Here, **for himself** means to do something only to benefit oneself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for the benefit of himself … for the benefit of himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	14	7	c9ls	figs-ellipsis	οὐδεὶς	2	none dies for himself	Paul is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “none of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-ROM	14	8	gbxd	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	none dies for himself	**For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+ROM	14	8	gbxd	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	none dies for himself	**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	14	8	s3lb	figs-exclusive	ζῶμεν&ζῶμεν&ἀποθνῄσκωμεν&ἀποθνῄσκομεν&ζῶμεν&ἀποθνῄσκωμεν&ἐσμέν	1		In this verse **we** refers to Paul and his Christian readers, so **we** would be inclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 ROM	14	8	xf7x	figs-explicit	τῷ Κυρίῳ	-1		Here, **for the Lord** means to do something only to benefit **the Lord**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for the benefit of the Lord … for the benefit of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	14	8	r1hh	grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1		**Therefore** here indicates that what follows is the logical conclusion to what Paul has stated in [verses 14–20](../14/14.md). Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: “As a result” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
-ROM	14	9	pbyn	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+ROM	14	8	r1hh	grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1		The word **Therefore** indicates that what follows is a logical conclusion. **Therefore** here indicates that what follows is the logical conclusion to what Paul has stated in [verses 14–20](../14/14.md). Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: “As a result” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	14	9	pbyn	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	14	10	xciu	figs-youcrowd	σὺ&κρίνεις&σου&σὺ&ἐξουθενεῖς&σου	1	why do you judge your brother? And you, why do you despise your brother?	Even though Paul is writing to a group of people, **you** and **your** here are singular. If the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of you in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
 ROM	14	10	db9a	figs-rquestion	τί κρίνεις τὸν ἀδελφόν σου? ἢ καὶ σὺ τί ἐξουθενεῖς τὸν ἀδελφόν σου?	1	why do you judge your brother? And you, why do you despise your brother?	Paul is using two questions here to emphasize that Christians should not judge each other. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you have no right to judge your brother! And you also have no right to despise your brother!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 ROM	14	10	al55	figs-gendernotations	τὸν ἀδελφόν	-1	brother	Here, **brother** refers to a fellow Christian. See how you translated “brothers” in [1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
-ROM	14	10	b497	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why Christians should not judge each other. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “Do not judge others due to the fact that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	14	10	b497	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1		**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why Christians should not judge each other. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “Do not judge others due to the fact that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	14	10	jq85	figs-metaphor	πάντες&παραστησόμεθα τῷ βήματι τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God	Here, **present ourselves before** refers to standing in front of a judge in order to be judged, and **the judgment seat of God** refers to the place where God judges. Paul means that all believers will be judged by God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “we will all be judged by God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	14	11	pldr	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γάρ	1	For it is written,	**For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+ROM	14	11	pldr	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γάρ	1	For it is written,	**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	14	11	mr7r	writing-quotations	γέγραπται	1		See how you translated the similar phrase in [1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
 ROM	14	11	fel6	figs-activepassive	γέγραπται	1	For it is written,	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Since Paul is referring to something Isaiah wrote ([Isaiah 49:18](../isa/49/18.md) and [45:23](../isa/45/23.md)), you could indicate Isaiah as the subject. Alternate translation: “Isaiah wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	14	11	lvwr	figs-quotemarks	ζῶ ἐγώ, λέγει Κύριος, ὅτι ἐμοὶ κάμψει πᾶν γόνυ, καὶ πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολογήσεται τῷ Θεῷ	1		This sentence is quotations from [Isaiah 49:18](../isa/49/18.md) and [45:23](../isa/45/23.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
+ROM	14	11	lvwr	figs-quotemarks	ζῶ ἐγώ, λέγει Κύριος, ὅτι ἐμοὶ κάμψει πᾶν γόνυ, καὶ πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολογήσεται τῷ Θεῷ	1		This sentence contains quotations from [Isaiah 49:18](../isa/49/18.md) and [45:23](../isa/45/23.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
 ROM	14	11	yeb5	writing-pronouns	ζῶ ἐγώ&ἐμοὶ	1	For it is written,	In this sentence **I** and **me** refer to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “As I, God, live … to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ROM	14	11	dxdt	figs-infostructure	ζῶ ἐγώ, λέγει Κύριος	1	For it is written,	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “The Lord says, ‘As I live,’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])
-ROM	14	11	tf76	figs-explicit	ζῶ ἐγώ	1	As I live	This phrase is used to start an oath or solemn promise. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate an oath. Alternate translation: “You can be certain that this is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	14	11	tf76	figs-explicit	ζῶ ἐγώ	1	As I live	This phrase is used to start an oath or solemn promise. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate an oath. Alternate translation: “You can be certain that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	14	11	sb6q	figs-synecdoche	κάμψει πᾶν γόνυ, καὶ πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολογήσεται τῷ Θεῷ	1	to me every knee will bend, and every tongue will confess to God	Paul uses the words **knee** and **tongue** to refer to the entire person who is doing these acts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every person will bow down and every person will confess to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 ROM	14	11	fokd	translate-symaction	κάμψει πᾶν γόνυ	1	As I live	This action was an expression of worship in this culture. See how you translated a similar expression in [11:4](../11/04.md). Alternate translation: “every person will worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 ROM	14	11	glhx	figs-ellipsis	ἐξομολογήσεται	1	As I live	Paul is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “will confess that I am Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@@ -2421,33 +2421,33 @@ ROM	14	11	vngp	figs-123person	τῷ Θεῷ	1		The Lord uses the word **God** to
 ROM	14	12	q0fv	grammar-connect-words-phrases	ἄρα οὖν	1		See how you translated this phrase in [5:18](../05/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	14	12	nsy8		περὶ ἑαυτοῦ, λόγον δώσει τῷ Θεῷ	1	will give an account of himself to God	Alternate translation: “must explain our actions to God”
 ROM	14	12	zb6k	figs-gendernotations	περὶ ἑαυτοῦ	1	will give an account of himself to God	Although the term **himself** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “concerning oneself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
-ROM	14	13	epi0	grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	but instead decide this, that no one will place a stumbling block or a snare for his brother	**Therefore** here indicates that what follows in this verse is the result of what Paul said in [verses 10–12](../14/10.md). Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: “Because of these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	14	13	epi0	grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	but instead decide this, that no one will place a stumbling block or a snare for his brother	The word **Therefore** indicates that what follows is a logical conclusion. **Therefore** here indicates that what follows in this verse is the result of what Paul said in [verses 10–12](../14/10.md). Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: “Because of these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	14	13	ia62	figs-doublet	τὸ μὴ τιθέναι πρόσκομμα τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἢ σκάνδαλον	1	but instead decide this, that no one will place a stumbling block or a snare for his brother	Here, **stumbling block** and **trap** mean basically the same thing. They both refer to tempting someone to sin. Paul uses them to emphasize what he is saying. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “not to do or say anything at all that might cause a brother to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 ROM	14	13	fgg7	figs-metaphor	τὸ μὴ τιθέναι πρόσκομμα	1	but instead decide this, that no one will place a stumbling block or a snare for his brother	See how you translated **stumbling block** in [11:9](../11/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	14	13	cx4s	figs-gendernotations	τῷ ἀδελφῷ	1	brother	Here, **brother** refers to a fellow Christian. See how you translated this word in [verse 10](../14/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
-ROM	14	14	t7gc	figs-doublet	οἶδα καὶ πέπεισμαι ἐν Κυρίῳ Ἰησοῦ	1	I know and am persuaded in the Lord Jesus	Here, **know** and **am persuaded** mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize what he is saying. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “I am completely certain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+ROM	14	14	t7gc	figs-doublet	οἶδα καὶ πέπεισμαι ἐν Κυρίῳ Ἰησοῦ	1	I know and am persuaded in the Lord Jesus	Here, **know** and **am persuaded** mean very similar things. Paul uses them to emphasize what he is saying. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “I am completely certain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 ROM	14	14	qm09	figs-explicit	ἐν Κυρίῳ Ἰησοῦ	1	I know and am persuaded in the Lord Jesus	Here, **in** could indicate: (1) the means by which Paul was persuaded. Alternate translation: “by means of the Lord Jesus” (2) Paul being united with **Christ**. Alternate translation: “in union with the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	14	14	erfx	figs-explicit	οὐδὲν κοινὸν&κοινὸν&κοινόν	1	I know and am persuaded in the Lord Jesus	The next verse indicates that here Paul is specifically referring to **unclean** foods, which were foods that Jews were forbidden to eat according to the law of Moses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “no food is forbidden to be eaten … forbidden … it is forbidden food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	14	14	fuk1	figs-doublenegatives	οὐδὲν κοινὸν δι’ ἑαυτοῦ	1	nothing is unclean by itself	If your readers would misunderstand this double negative, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “everything by itself is clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 ROM	14	14	mjc5		δι’ ἑαυτοῦ	1	by itself	Alternate translation: “by its nature” or “because of what it is”
-ROM	14	15	vd20	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	by itself	**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why what Paul’s readers should obey the command he gave in [verse 13](../14/13.md). Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “Do not place a stumbling block before your brother because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	14	15	vd20	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	by itself	**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why what Paul’s readers should obey the command he gave in [verse 13](../14/13.md). Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: ““Do not place a stumbling block before your brother because, if on account of food,”” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	14	15	iw7w	figs-explicit	διὰ βρῶμα	1	If because of food your brother is hurt	This phrase refers to a Christian eating food that another Christians thinks is unclean, as mentioned in the previous verse and [verses 2–6](../14/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “over the matter of food” or “because of what you eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	14	15	tfix	figs-youcrowd	σου&περιπατεῖς&σου	1		Even though Paul is writing to a group of people, **your** and **you** here are singular. If the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of you in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
+ROM	14	15	tfix	figs-youcrowd	σου&περιπατεῖς&σου	1		Even though Paul is writing to a group of people, **your** and **you** here are singular. If the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of "you" in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
 ROM	14	15	ln42	figs-gendernotations	ὁ ἀδελφός	1	brother	Here, **brother** refers to a fellow Christian. See how you translated this word in [verse 10](../14/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
-ROM	14	15	a4kj	figs-metaphor	λυπεῖται	1	brother	Here, **hurt** refers to experiencing emotional suffering or offense. It does not refer to being physically injured. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is offended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	14	15	bj8v	figs-metaphor	οὐκέτι κατὰ ἀγάπην περιπατεῖς	1	you are no longer walking in love	Here Paul uses **walking** to refer to how people behave or lives their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See similar uses of “walk” in [6:4](../06/04.md), [8:4](../08/04.md), and [13:13](../13/13.md). Alternate translation: “you are no longer behaving according to love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	14	15	a4kj	figs-metaphor	λυπεῖται	1	brother	Here, **hurt** refers to experiencing emotional or spiritual offense or suffering. It does not refer to being physically injured. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is offended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	14	15	bj8v	figs-metaphor	οὐκέτι κατὰ ἀγάπην περιπατεῖς	1	you are no longer walking in love	Here Paul uses **walking** to refer to how people behave or live their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See similar uses of “walk” in [6:4](../06/04.md), [8:4](../08/04.md), and [13:13](../13/13.md). Alternate translation: “you are no longer behaving according to love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	14	15	n099	figs-explicit	μὴ τῷ βρώματί σου ἐκεῖνον ἀπόλλυε, ὑπὲρ οὗ Χριστὸς ἀπέθανεν	1	you are no longer walking in love	Paul uses **destroy** here to refer to causing someone to stop trusting in Jesus, which will result in that person experiencing punishment forever in hell. See how you translated “destruction” in [9:22](../09/22.md). Alternate translation: “Do not cause that one from whom Christ died to stop trusting in Jesus and experience eternal destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	14	15	sn7w	figs-explicit	τῷ βρώματί σου	1	you are no longer walking in love	This phrase refers to a Christian eating food that another Christian thinks is unclean, as mentioned in the previous verse and [verses 2–6](../14/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “over the matter of food” or “because of what you eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	14	16	zgzz	grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1		**Therefore** here indicates that what follows in this verse is the logical conclusion to what Paul has stated in the previous verses. Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: “As a result,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	14	15	sn7w	figs-explicit	τῷ βρώματί σου	1	you are no longer walking in love	This phrase refers to a Christian eating food that another Christian thinks is unclean, as mentioned in the previous verse and [verses 2–6](../14/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “over the matter of food” or, between commas, “because of what you eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	14	16	zgzz	grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1		The word **So** indicates that what follows is a logical conclusion. **So** here indicates that what follows in this verse is the logical conclusion to what Paul has stated in the previous verses. Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: “As a result,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	14	16	rvtd	figs-abstractnouns	ὑμῶν τὸ ἀγαθόν	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **good**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what is good for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	14	16	h3af	figs-explicit	τὸ ἀγαθόν	1		Here, **good** could refer to: (1) the **good** things that God gives Christians. Alternate translation: “good things” (2) the freedom that Christians have to eat any food they want to eat. Alternate translation: “your freedom to eat anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	14	16	gl48	figs-activepassive	μὴ βλασφημείσθω&ὑμῶν τὸ ἀγαθόν	1	So do not allow what you consider to be good to be spoken of as evil	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “do not allow people to blaspheme your good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	14	17	v6jq	grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why Paul wants his readers to obey what he commanded in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	14	17	v6jq	grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1		**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. dd**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why Paul wants his readers to obey what he commanded in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	14	17	m0ya	figs-explicit	οὐ&ἐστιν	1		Here, **is not** indicates that what follows is what **the kingdom of God** does not consist of or is not concerned with. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “does not consist of” or “is not concerned with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	14	17	tyyq	figs-ellipsis	ἀλλὰ	1		Paul is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “but is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ROM	14	17	j92k	figs-abstractnouns	δικαιοσύνη, καὶ εἰρήνη, καὶ χαρὰ	1	For the kingdom of God is not about food and drink, but about righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **righteousness**, **peace**, and **joy**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is righteous and what is peaceful and what is joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	14	17	sdlj	figs-explicit	ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ	1		Here, **in the Holy Spirit** could refer to: (1) the means by which Christians experience **righteousness and peace and joy**. Alternate translation: “by the Holy Spirit” (2) Christians being united with **the Holy Spirit**. Alternate translation: “in union with the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	14	18	i2za	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+ROM	14	18	i2za	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	14	18	iqg3	figs-explicit	ἐν τούτῳ	1		Here, **this way** refers to the “righteousness and peace and joy” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in this righteous, peaceful, and joyful way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	14	18	am8m	figs-activepassive	δόκιμος τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	approved by people	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “men approve it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	14	18	gy7n	figs-gendernotations	τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	approved by people	Although the term **men** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “by people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
@@ -2471,12 +2471,12 @@ ROM	14	21	mnon	figs-metaphor	ἀσθενεῖ	1		Here, **weak** refers to being
 ROM	14	22	u1cf	figs-abstractnouns	σὺ πίστιν ἣν ἔχεις	1	The faith you have	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “The things that you yourself believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	14	22	hjk9	figs-explicit	σὺ πίστιν ἣν ἔχεις	1	The faith you have	Here, **faith** refers to what Christians believe that God permits them to do, as mentioned in [verses 1–6](../14/01.md). If it might be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The beliefs that your yourself have about what God permits you do to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	14	22	b3hi	figs-youcrowd	σὺ&ἔχεις&σεαυτὸν	1		Even though Paul is writing to a group of people, **you** and **yourself** here are singular. If the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of you in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
-ROM	14	22	tkse	figs-explicit	κατὰ σεαυτὸν ἔχε ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1		This clause refers to keeping one’s beliefs between oneself and God, rather than telling other people about them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “keep it to yourself and God” or “keep it between you and God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	14	22	bi7e	figs-metaphor	ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1		Here Paul speaks of people keeping what they believe **before God** as if they were standing in front of God. Paul means that people should keep private their beliefs about what God permits them to do as if God is the only one who knows about those beliefs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	14	22	tkse	figs-explicit	κατὰ σεαυτὸν ἔχε ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1		This clause refers to keeping one’s beliefs between oneself and God, rather than telling other people about them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “keep it between yourself and God” or “keep it between you and God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	14	22	bi7e	figs-metaphor	ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1		Here Paul speaks of people keeping what they believe **before God** as if they were standing in front of God. Paul means that people should keep private their beliefs about what God permits them to do, as if God is the only one who knows about those beliefs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	14	22	r53r	figs-explicit	ὁ μὴ κρίνων ἑαυτὸν	1	Blessed is the one who does not condemn himself by what he approves	Here, **judge** refers to feeling guilty or condemning oneself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is the one who does not feel guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	14	22	odxh	figs-gendernotations	ἑαυτὸν ἐν ᾧ δοκιμάζει	1	Blessed is the one who does not condemn himself by what he approves	Although the terms **himself** and **he** are masculine, Paul is using the words here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “oneself in what one approves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	14	22	r8a1		ἐν ᾧ δοκιμάζει	1	Blessed is the one who does not condemn himself by what he approves	Alternate translation: “with respect to what he approves” or “in regard to what he approves”
-ROM	14	23	zexs	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1		**But** here indicates that what follows is in strong contrast to what was said in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “On the contrary,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
+ROM	14	23	zexs	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1		Here, the word But introduces a contrast. **But** here indicates that what follows is in strong contrast to what was said in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “On the contrary,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
 ROM	14	23	s1ph	figs-activepassive	ὁ&διακρινόμενος, ἐὰν φάγῃ, κατακέκριται	1	He who doubts is condemned if he eats	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The person doing the action could be: (1) God. Alternate translation: “God condemns the one who passes judgment if he eats” (2) the person who eats. Alternate translation: “the one who passes judgment condemns himself if he eats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	14	23	wa8s	figs-abstractnouns	ὁ&διακρινόμενος	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the one who judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	14	23	dkcw	figs-explicit	ὁ&διακρινόμενος	1		This phrase refers to a person who has determined that eating certain foods is prohibited by God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the one who judges that it is not right to eat certain foods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -2485,25 +2485,25 @@ ROM	14	23	l9ga	writing-pronouns	οὐκ	1		Here, **it** refers to eating food th
 ROM	14	23	yr44	figs-explicit	ἐκ πίστεως	-1		In this verse **from** refers to what a person bases their actions on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “based on faith … based on faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	14	23	z696	figs-abstractnouns	πίστεως&πίστεως	1		See how you translated the abstract noun **faith** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	14	23	u80o	figs-explicit	πᾶν	1		Here, **all** refers to anything that a person does. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “all that a person does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	14	23	u9p2	figs-abstractnouns	ἁμαρτία	1	whatever is not from faith is sin	See how you translated the abstract noun **sin** in [6:1](../06/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	15	intro	ae9u			0		# Romans 15 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and Formatting<br><br>7. Instructions for living as Christians (12:1–15:13)<br>    * How to act toward God (12:1–2)<br>    * How to serve the church (12:3–8)<br>    * How to act toward other Christians (12:9–13)<br>    * How to act toward unbelievers (12:14–21)<br>    * How to act toward government (13:1–7)<br>    * How to act toward other people (13:8–10)<br>    * Act as if the end is near (13:11–14)<br>    * Do not judge other Christians (14:1–12)<br>    * Do not tempt other Christians to sin (14:13–23)<br>    * Be united with other Christians (15:1–13)<br>8. Conclusion (15:14–16:27)<br>    * Paul describes his mission (15:14–21)<br>    * Paul’s travel plans (15:22–33)<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with [verses 9–11](../15/09.md) and [21](../15/21.md) of this chapter, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>Some translations set prose quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the quoted words in [verse 12](../15/12.md).<br><br>## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter<br><br>### Able and unable<br><br>In [verses 1–6](../15/01.md) Paul concludes his teaching from chapter 14 about how Christians with different degrees of spiritual maturity should act toward each other. He refers to some Christians as those who are “weak in faith” ([14:1](../14/01.md)) or “unable” ([15:1](../15/01.md)). These phrases describe Christians who have immature faith and feel guilty about doing certain things that God did not forbid. By contrast, he refers to spiritually mature Christians as those who are “able” ([15:1](../15/01.md)). Paul teaches that those who are strong in faith need to help those who are weak in faith and neither should judge each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter<br><br>### Forms of ‘You’<br><br>In this chapter, with three exceptions, the words “you” and “your” are plural and refer to Paul’s Christian readers, whom he calls “brothers” in [verses 14](../15/14.md) and [30](../15/30.md). Notes will discuss the use of singular forms of “you” and “your” in [verses 3](../15/03.md) and [9](../15/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])<br><br>### Inclusive language<br><br>In this chapter the pronouns “we,” “us,” “our,” and “ourselves” refer inclusively to Paul’s Christian readers. Paul calls these people “brothers” in [verses 14](../15/14.md) and [30](../15/30.md). Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+ROM	14	23	u9p2	figs-abstractnouns	ἁμαρτία	1	whatever is not from faith is sin	See how you translated the abstract noun **sin** in [6:1](../06/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 
+ROM	15	intro	ae9u			0		# Romans 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n7. Instructions for living as Christians (12:1–15:13)\n    * How to act toward God (12:1–2)\n    * How to serve the church (12:3–8)\n    * How to act toward other Christians (12:9–13)\n    * How to act toward unbelievers (12:14–21)\n    * How to act toward government (13:1–7)\n    * How to act toward other people (13:8–10)\n    * Act as if the end is near (13:11–14)\n    * Do not judge other Christians (14:1–12)\n    * Do not tempt other Christians to sin (14:13–23)\n    * Be united with other Christians (15:1–13)\n8. Conclusion (15:14–16:27)\n    * Paul describes his mission (15:14–21)\n    * Paul’s travel plans (15:22–33)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with [verses 9–11](../15/09.md) and [21](../15/21.md) of this chapter, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\nSome translations set prose quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the quoted words in [verse 12](../15/12.md).\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Able and unable\n\nIn [verses 1–6](../15/01.md) Paul concludes his teaching from Chapter 14 about how Christians with different degrees of spiritual maturity should act toward each other. He refers to some Christians as those who are “weak in faith” ([14:1](../14/01.md)) or “unable” ([15:1](../15/01.md)). These phrases describe Christians who have immature faith and feel guilty about doing certain things that God did not forbid. By contrast, he refers to spiritually mature Christians as those who are “able” ([15:1](../15/01.md)). Paul teaches that those who are strong in faith need to help those who are weak in faith and neither should judge the other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Forms of ‘You’\n\nIn this chapter, with three exceptions, the words “you” and “your” are plural and refer to Paul’s Christian readers, whom he calls “brothers” in [verses 14](../15/14.md) and [30](../15/30.md). Notes will discuss the use of singular forms of “you” and “your” in [verses 3](../15/03.md) and [9](../15/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### Inclusive language\n\nIn this chapter the pronouns “we,” “us,” “our,” and “ourselves” refer inclusively to Paul’s Christian readers. Paul calls these people “brothers” in [verses 14](../15/14.md) and [30](../15/30.md). Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 ROM	15	1	u19s	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς&ἑαυτοῖς	1	Now	Here and throughout this chapter the pronouns **we** and **ourselves** refer inclusively to all believers in Christ. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-ROM	15	1	u73x	figs-explicit	ἡμεῖς, οἱ δυνατοὶ	1	we who are strong	Here, **we who are able** refers to Paul and other people who have mature faith. See the discussion about this in the General Notes for this chapter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “we who have mature faith” or “we who are spiritually strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	15	1	u73x	figs-explicit	ἡμεῖς, οἱ δυνατοὶ	1	we who are strong	Here, **we, being able** refers to Paul and other people who have mature faith. See the discussion about this in the General Notes for this chapter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “we, having mature faith” or “we, being spiritually strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	15	1	h18p	figs-metaphor	τὰ ἀσθενήματα&βαστάζειν	1	we who are strong	Paul speaks of **weaknesses** as if they were objects that a person could **bear**. He means that mature Christians should patiently help spiritually weak Christians. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “help overcome the weaknesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	15	1	kuhe	figs-abstractnouns	τὰ ἀσθενήματα	1	we who are strong	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **weaknesses**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the weak qualities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	15	1	cv61	figs-explicit	τῶν ἀδυνάτων	1	of the weak	Here, **the ones who are unable** refers to Christians who are not spiritually mature. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the ones who have immature faith” or “of the ones who are spiritually weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	15	2	bkon	figs-explicit	τῷ πλησίον	1		Here, **neighbor** refers to other Christians. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his fellow Christians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	15	2	kz0t	grammar-connect-logic-goal	εἰς&πρὸς	1	in order to build him up	Here, **for** and **toward** indicate that what follows are purposes for pleasing one’s **neighbor**. Use the most natural way in your language for indicating a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose … and for the purpose of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
+ROM	15	2	kz0t	grammar-connect-logic-goal	εἰς&πρὸς	1	in order to build him up	Here, **for** and **toward** indicate that what follows are purposes for pleasing one’s **neighbor**. Use the most natural way in your language for indicating a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of … and for the purpose of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
 ROM	15	2	z2k8	figs-metaphor	οἰκοδομήν	1	in order to build him up	See how you translated **building up** in [14:19](../14/19.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	15	3	jqul	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows in this verse is an example of pleasing others, as Paul mentioned in the previous verse. If it might be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “For example,” or “As an illustration,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+ROM	15	3	jqul	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows in this verse is an example of pleasing others, as Paul mentioned in the previous verse. If it might be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “For example,” or “As an illustration,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	15	3	h571	writing-quotations	καθὼς γέγραπται	1		See how you translated this phrase in [1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
 ROM	15	3	y6fe	figs-activepassive	καθὼς γέγραπται	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Since Paul is referring to something David wrote, you could indicate David as the subject. Alternate translation: “just as David wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	15	3	bcz1	figs-explicit	καθὼς γέγραπται	1	it was just as it is written	In the quotation that follows, Paul quotes [Psalm 69:9](../psa/069/009.md) in which David records **Christ** (the Messiah) speaking to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “just as it is written that the Messiah said to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	15	3	nlu9	figs-quotemarks	οἱ ὀνειδισμοὶ τῶν ὀνειδιζόντων σε, ἐπέπεσαν ἐπ’ ἐμέ	1	it was just as it is written	This sentence is a quotation of [Psalm 69:9](../psa/069/009.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
-ROM	15	3	ulis	figs-abstractnouns	οἱ ὀνειδισμοὶ	1	it was just as it is written	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **insults**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the insulting words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	15	3	qni7	figs-metaphor	οἱ ὀνειδισμοὶ τῶν ὀνειδιζόντων σε, ἐπέπεσαν ἐπ’ ἐμέ	1	The insults of those who insulted you fell on me	Paul quotes David referring to insults against God also affecting Christ as if those insults were objects that **fell** on him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The insults of those who insult you were also insults against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	15	4	h6qm	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	For whatever was previously written was written for our instruction	**For** here indicates that what follows emphasizes the importance of the quotation from Scripture in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
-ROM	15	4	txd4	figs-activepassive	ὅσα&προεγράφη&ἐγράφη	1	For whatever was previously written was written for our instruction	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whatever the prophets wrote previously they wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	15	3	ulis	figs-abstractnouns	οἱ ὀνειδισμοὶ	1	it was just as it is written	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **insults**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “The insulting words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ROM	15	3	qni7	figs-metaphor	οἱ ὀνειδισμοὶ τῶν ὀνειδιζόντων σε, ἐπέπεσαν ἐπ’ ἐμέ	1	The insults of those who insulted you fell on me	Paul quotes David referring to insults against God also affecting Christ as if those insults were objects that **fell** on him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The insults of those who insult you are also insults against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	15	4	h6qm	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	For whatever was previously written was written for our instruction	**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows emphasizes the importance of the scriptural quotation in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+ROM	15	4	txd4	figs-activepassive	ὅσα&προεγράφη&ἐγράφη	1	For whatever was previously written was written for our instruction	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whatever the prophets wrote previously, they wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	15	4	pgdw	figs-explicit	ὅσα&προεγράφη	1		Paul is referring to what **was previously written** in the Scriptures. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “what was previously written in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	15	4	q3jp	grammar-connect-logic-goal	εἰς&ἵνα	1		Here, **for** and **in order that** indicate that what follows are purposes for the Scriptures. Use the natural form in your language for indicating purpose clauses. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of … for the purpose that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
 ROM	15	4	dx6h	figs-abstractnouns	εἰς τὴν ἡμετέραν διδασκαλίαν	1	For whatever was previously written was written for our instruction	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **instruction**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “for instructing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -2518,7 +2518,7 @@ ROM	15	6	lp5m	grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἵνα	1	praise with one mouth	Here, *
 ROM	15	6	smvb		ὁμοθυμαδὸν	1	praise with one mouth	Alternate translation: “with the same purpose”
 ROM	15	6	uz1z	figs-metonymy	ἐν ἑνὶ στόματι, δοξάζητε	1	praise with one mouth	Here, **glorify with one mouth** refers to being united while praising God aloud. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “you might be united while praising God” or “you might praise God together in unity as if only one mouth were speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ROM	15	6	nvq8	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατέρα	1		**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-ROM	15	7	prx1	grammar-connect-logic-result	διὸ	1	receive one another	**Therefore** here introduces the conclusion of what Paul has said in [14:1](../14/01.md)–[15:6](../15/06.md). See how you translated this word in [1:24](../01/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	15	7	prx1	grammar-connect-logic-result	διὸ	1	receive one another	The word **Therefore** indicates that what follows is a logical conclusion. **Therefore** here introduces the conclusion of what Paul has said in [14:1](../14/01.md)–[15:6](../15/06.md). See how you translated this word in [1:24](../01/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	15	7	z941	grammar-connect-logic-goal	εἰς δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	receive one another	Here, **to** introduces a purpose clause. Paul is stating the purpose for which Christians should accept each other as Christ accepted Christians. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation (without a comma preceding): “for the purpose of glorifying God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
 ROM	15	8	ae6k	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	15	8	gbh8	writing-pronouns	λέγω	1	For I say	The pronoun **I** refers to Paul. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I, Paul, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
@@ -2538,20 +2538,20 @@ ROM	15	10	az24	figs-explicit	καὶ πάλιν	1	Again it says	Here, **again**
 ROM	15	10	iprn	writing-quotations	λέγει	1	Again it says	This phrase indicates that what follows is a quotation of something Moses said in an Old Testament book ([Deuteronomy 32:43](../deu/32/43.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “it says in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
 ROM	15	10	qt5h	figs-quotemarks	εὐφράνθητε, ἔθνη, μετὰ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ	1	Again it says	This sentence is a quotation from [Deuteronomy 32:43](../deu/32/43.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
 ROM	15	10	x4kg	writing-pronouns	μετὰ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ	1	with his people	Here, **his** refers to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “with the people of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-ROM	15	11	xw7t	writing-quotations	καὶ πάλιν	1		This phrase indicates that what follows is a quotation of an Old Testament book ([Psalm 117:1](../psa/117/001.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “And also in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
+ROM	15	11	xw7t	writing-quotations	καὶ πάλιν	1		This phrase indicates that what follows is another quotation from Scripture ([Psalm 117:1](../psa/117/001.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “And also in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
 ROM	15	11	gk0i	figs-quotemarks	αἰνεῖτε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη τὸν Κύριον; καὶ ἐπαινεσάτωσαν αὐτὸν πάντες οἱ λαοί	1		This sentence is a quotation from [Psalm 117:1](../psa/117/001.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
 ROM	15	12	inaw	writing-quotations	καὶ πάλιν Ἠσαΐας λέγει	1	root of Jesse	This phrase indicates that what follows is a quotation of something **Isaiah** said in an Old Testament book ([Isaiah 11:10](../isa/11/10.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “And also in the Scriptures, Isaiah says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
 ROM	15	12	u5kr	figs-pastforfuture	Ἠσαΐας λέγει	1	root of Jesse	Here Paul uses the present tense verb **says** to refer to something that happened in the past. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “Isaiah said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
 ROM	15	12	lpf6	figs-explicit	ἡ ῥίζα τοῦ Ἰεσσαί&ὁ ἀνιστάμενος&αὐτῷ	1	root of Jesse	These three expressions all refer to the same person, the Messiah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The root of Jesse … he is the one who rises … that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	15	12	fta5	figs-metaphor	ἡ ῥίζα τοῦ Ἰεσσαί	1	root of Jesse	Paul quotes Isaiah referring to a descendant of **Jesse** as if that person were a **root** or shoot that had grown out of a plant. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The descendant of Jesse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	15	12	lgr5	figs-idiom	ὁ ἀνιστάμενος	1	root of Jesse	Paul quotes Isaiah using **rises** to refer to someone becoming a king. If it would be helpful in your language, you can use a comparable idiom or express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “the one who becomes king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ROM	15	12	lgr5	figs-idiom	ὁ ἀνιστάμενος	1	root of Jesse	Paul quotes Isaiah using **rising** to refer to someone becoming a king. If it would be helpful in your language, you can use a comparable idiom or express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “the one who becomes king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ROM	15	13	t3dd	figs-possession	ὁ&Θεὸς τῆς ἐλπίδος	1		Paul is using the possessive form to describe **God** as the source of **hope**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the God who gives hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
 ROM	15	13	u77u	figs-abstractnouns	τῆς ἐλπίδος&χαρᾶς καὶ εἰρήνης&ἐλπίδι&δυνάμει	1	May fill you with all joy and peace	See how you translated the abstract nouns **hope** in the previous verse, **joy** and **peace** in [14:17](../14/17.md), and **power** in [1:16](../01/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	15	13	w7wn	figs-metaphor	ὁ&Θεὸς τῆς ἐλπίδος πληρώσαι ὑμᾶς πάσης χαρᾶς καὶ εἰρήνης	1	May fill you with all joy and peace	Paul refers to people experiencing **joy** and **peace** as if they were things that could **fill** someone. If it might be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “may the God of hope allow you to experience all joy and peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	15	13	zmno	figs-explicit	ἐν τῷ πιστεύειν	1	May fill you with all joy and peace	Here, **in** indicates that **believing** is the means by which people will experience **all joy and peace**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “by means of believing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	15	13	aee3	figs-ellipsis	τῷ πιστεύειν	1		Paul is leaving out some words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply this word from the context. Alternate translation: “in believing God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ROM	15	13	a6rk	grammar-connect-logic-goal	εἰς τὸ περισσεύειν ὑμᾶς	1		Here, **so that** indicates that what follows is a purpose clause. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: “for the purpose that you might abound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
-ROM	15	13	k3y1		εἰς τὸ περισσεύειν ὑμᾶς	1		Alternative translation: “so that you this hope with abundance”
+ROM	15	13	k3y1		εἰς τὸ περισσεύειν ὑμᾶς	1		Alternative translation: “so that you will have this hope with abundance”
 ROM	15	14	h98x	figs-activepassive	πέπεισμαι&καὶ αὐτὸς ἐγὼ	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has also persuaded me myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	15	14	g16z	figs-rpronouns	αὐτὸς ἐγὼ&αὐτοὶ&ἐστε	1		Paul uses the words **myself** and **yourselves** to emphasize how certain he is that his readers are good and knowledgeable Christians. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this emphasis. Alternate translation: “I indeed … you are indeed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
 ROM	15	14	d878	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated this word in [1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
@@ -2568,13 +2568,13 @@ ROM	15	16	coxw	grammar-connect-logic-goal	εἰς τὸ εἶναί με	1		Here
 ROM	15	16	zgo0	figs-abstractnouns	λειτουργὸν	1		See how you translated **servant** in [13:4](../13/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	15	16	wiw1	figs-metaphor	ἱερουργοῦντα τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἵνα&ἡ προσφορὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν	1	the offering of the Gentiles might become acceptable	Paul speaks of his preaching the gospel to the Gentiles as if he is a priest who serves **the gospel** by making an **offering** to God. He speaks of **the Gentiles** who become Christians as a result of his preaching as if they were **the offering** that he makes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “preaching the gospel so that the Gentiles who believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	15	16	hert	grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἵνα	1	the offering of the Gentiles might become acceptable	Here, **so that** indicates that what follows is the purpose for which Paul preaches the gospel to the Gentiles. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: “for the purpose that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
-ROM	15	16	veeq	figs-possession	ἡ προσφορὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν	1		Paul is using the possessive form to describe **the offering** that consists of **the Gentiles**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the offering, that is, the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
+ROM	15	16	veeq	figs-possession	ἡ προσφορὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν	1		Paul is using the possessive form to describe **the offering** that consists of **the Gentiles**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the offering, that is, the Gentiles,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
 ROM	15	16	ah87	figs-abstractnouns	ἡ προσφορὰ	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **offering**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what is offered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	15	16	lztb	figs-activepassive	ἡγιασμένη ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom the Holy Spirit sanctified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	15	17	s7ns	grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1		**Therefore** here indicates that what follows in this verse is the result of what Paul said in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: “Because of these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	15	17	s7ns	grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1		The word **Therefore** indicates that what follows is a logical conclusion. **Therefore** here indicates that what follows in this verse is the result of what Paul said in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: “Because of these things” or "As a result of these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	15	17	mtjb	figs-metaphor	ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1		See how you translated this phrase in [6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	15	17	lpc0	figs-metaphor	ἔχω&καύχησιν	1		Here, Paul speaks of **a boast** as if it were an object someone can **have**. He means that he is rightfully able to **boast**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I can boast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	15	18	b3q2	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+ROM	15	18	b3q2	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	15	18	lu97	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ&τολμήσω τι λαλεῖν, ὧν οὐ κατειργάσατο Χριστὸς δι’ ἐμοῦ	1	by the power of signs and wonders	If your readers would misunderstand this double negative, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “I will only dare to speak what Christ produced through me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 ROM	15	18	by9s		εἰς ὑπακοὴν ἐθνῶν	1	for the obedience of the Gentiles	Here, **for** indicates the result of **what Christ produced through** Paul. Use the natural way in your language to express a result. Alternate translation: “that resulted in the obedience of the Gentiles”
 ROM	15	18	zdk4	figs-abstractnouns	ὑπακοὴν ἐθνῶν&ἔργῳ	1	for the obedience of the Gentiles	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **obedience** and **deed**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “how the Gentiles obey … what is done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -2584,15 +2584,15 @@ ROM	15	18	pqtq	figs-metonymy	λόγῳ	1	These are things done by word and actio
 ROM	15	19	oxsn	figs-explicit	ἐν δυνάμει σημείων καὶ τεράτων	1		This clause indicates an additional means by which Christ produced through Paul “the obedience of the Gentiles” that is referred to in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and by means of the power of signs and wonders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	15	19	g8bk	figs-hendiadys	σημείων καὶ τεράτων	1	signs and wonders	This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **wonders** describes the character of the miraculous **signs** that **the Spirit** enabled Paul to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “of wonderful miraculous signs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
 ROM	15	19	wxml	figs-explicit	ἐν δυνάμει Πνεύματος Θεοῦ	1	signs and wonders	This clause indicates that **the Spirit of God** empowered Paul’s “word and deed” and **signs and wonders** to result in non-Jews trusting in Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “empowered by the Spirit of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	15	19	c8ff	translate-names	τοῦ Ἰλλυρικοῦ	1	so that from Jerusalem, and round about as far as Illyricum	**Illyricum** is the name of a Roman province that was close to Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	15	19	c8ff	translate-names	τοῦ Ἰλλυρικοῦ	1	so that from Jerusalem, and round about as far as Illyricum	The word **Illyricum** is the name of a Roman province that was close to Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	15	19	f60i	figs-idiom	πεπληρωκέναι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1		Paul speaks of preaching the gospel throughout an entire area as if he had **fulfilled the gospel**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have thoroughly proclaimed the gospel of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ROM	15	20	x9xm	figs-ellipsis	φιλοτιμούμενον εὐαγγελίζεσθαι	1	In this way, my desire has been to proclaim the gospel	Paul is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “I am counting it an honor to proclaim the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ROM	15	20	n5fm	figs-abstractnouns	φιλοτιμούμενον	1	In this way, my desire has been to proclaim the gospel	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **honor**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “counting it honorable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	15	20	r9t1	figs-explicit	εὐαγγελίζεσθαι, οὐχ ὅπου ὠνομάσθη Χριστός	1		The clause **not where Christ has been name** indicates the kind of places where Paul would not **proclaim the gospel**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this more explicit. Alternate translation: “to proclaim the gospel in places other than where Christ has been named” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	15	20	r9t1	figs-explicit	εὐαγγελίζεσθαι, οὐχ ὅπου ὠνομάσθη Χριστός	1		The clause **not where Christ has been named** indicates the kind of places where Paul would not **proclaim the gospel**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this more explicit. Alternate translation: “to proclaim the gospel in places other than where Christ has been named” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	15	20	gpcl	figs-activepassive	ὠνομάσθη Χριστός	1	In this way, my desire has been to proclaim the gospel	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people have named Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	15	20	i4sx	figs-idiom	ὠνομάσθη Χριστός	1	In this way, my desire has been to proclaim the gospel	Here, **has been named** refers to speaking someone’s name. It does not refer to giving someone a name. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Christ’s name has been spoken” or “Christ’s name has been heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ROM	15	20	kt3r	figs-metaphor	μὴ ἐπ’ ἀλλότριον θεμέλιον οἰκοδομῶ	1	I might not build upon another man’s foundation	Paul speaks of his work of preaching the gospel and making disciples as if he were building a house on a **foundation**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “I might not continue doing the work that another man has already begun” or “I might not be like someone who builds upon another man’s foundation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	15	21	dcs1	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλὰ	1		**But** here indicates that what follows is the opposite of what Paul said in the last clause of the previous verse. Use the best way in your language to indicate a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “On the contrary,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
+ROM	15	21	dcs1	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλὰ	1		The word But introduces a contrast**. Here, But** indicates that what follows is the opposite of what Paul said in the last clause of the previous verse. Use the best way in your language to indicate a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “On the contrary,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
 ROM	15	21	zyps	figs-explicit	ἀλλὰ καθὼς γέγραπται	1		In this verse Paul quotes Scripture to state that he preaches the gospel to those who have never heard it, which he also stated in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Instead of doing that, I aspire to preach the gospel where it has not been preached before. Doing so is just as it is written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	15	21	rb5r	writing-quotations	καθὼς γέγραπται	1		See how you translated this phrase in [1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
 ROM	15	21	wy8k	figs-activepassive	καθὼς γέγραπται	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Since Paul is referring to something Isaiah wrote, you could indicate Isaiah as the subject. Alternate translation: “just as Isaiah wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -2601,7 +2601,7 @@ ROM	15	21	zbeu	figs-parallelism	οἷς οὐκ ἀνηγγέλη περὶ α
 ROM	15	21	u8d6	figs-activepassive	οἷς οὐκ ἀνηγγέλη περὶ αὐτοῦ	1	Those to whom no tidings of him came	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Those to whom no one had reported concerning him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	15	21	m1f0	figs-explicit	ὄψονται&συνήσουσιν	1	Those to whom no tidings of him came	Isaiah implies that the non-Jewish people who never heard about the Messiah will **understand** who the Messiah is and what he has done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternative translation: “will see who the Messiah is … will understand who he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	15	21	eihc	figs-metaphor	ὄψονται	1	Those to whom no tidings of him came	Paul quotes Isaiah using **see** to refer to perceiving something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “will perceive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	15	22	f1fq	grammar-connect-logic-result	διὸ	1		**Therefore** indicates that what follows is the result of Paul’s desire to preach the gospel where people have never heard it before. Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation (without a comma following): “For this reason” or “This is the reason why” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	15	22	f1fq	grammar-connect-logic-result	διὸ	1		The word **Therefore** indicates that what follows is a logical conclusion. Here, **Therefore** indicates that what follows is the result of Paul’s desire to preach the gospel in places where people have never heard it before. Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation (without a comma following): “For this reason” or “This is the reason why” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	15	22	ex5j	figs-activepassive	καὶ ἐνεκοπτόμην	1	I was also hindered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those things also prevented me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	15	22	uf9y	figs-yousingular	ὑμᾶς	1	I was also hindered	Here, **you** is plural and refers to the believers in Rome to whom Paul was writing this letter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you believers who are in Rome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
 ROM	15	23	hgiv	grammar-connect-logic-result	μηκέτι τόπον ἔχων ἐν τοῖς κλίμασι τούτοις, ἐπιποθείαν δὲ ἔχων τοῦ ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ ἱκανῶν ἐτῶν	1	I no longer have any place in these regions	These clauses are two reasons why Paul hopes to see the Roman believers, as stated in the next verse. If you keep this verse and the next verse as one sentence in your translation, then you could use the most natural way in your language to indicate reasons. However, if you translate this verse and the next verse as separate sentences, then you could show that these clauses are reasons by indicating result in the next verse, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “because I no longer have a place in these regions, and because I have a longing from a considerable number of years to come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
@@ -2614,14 +2614,14 @@ ROM	15	24	rzie	figs-activepassive	ὑφ’ ὑμῶν προπεμφθῆναι
 ROM	15	24	hlc3	figs-euphemism	ὑφ’ ὑμῶν προπεμφθῆναι ἐκεῖ	1		Here, **sent ahead** refers to receiving supplies needed for a journey. This is a polite way of asking for food or money. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different polite way of referring to this or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “to be given some provisions for my journey to there by you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
 ROM	15	24	wg6d		ἐὰν ὑμῶν πρῶτον ἀπὸ μέρους ἐμπλησθῶ	1	I have enjoyed your company	Alternate translation: “if I might first enjoy being with you for a while”
 ROM	15	25	z3e5	grammar-connect-logic-goal	διακονῶν τοῖς ἁγίοις	1		This clause is a purpose clause. Paul is stating the purpose for him **traveling to Jerusalem**. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a purpose clause. Alternate translation (without a comma preceding): “for the purpose of ministering to the saints” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
-ROM	15	26	mjvr	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	it was the good pleasure of Macedonia and Achaia	**For** indicates that what follows is the reason why Paul is going to minister to the saints in Jerusalem, as stated in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation (without a comma following): “I am going to Jerusalem because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
-ROM	15	26	wape	translate-names	Μακεδονία καὶ Ἀχαΐα	1	it was the good pleasure of Macedonia and Achaia	**Macedonia** and **Achaia** are the names of Roman provinces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	15	26	mjvr	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	it was the good pleasure of Macedonia and Achaia	**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** indicates that what follows is the reason why Paul is going to minister to the saints in Jerusalem, as stated in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation (without a comma following): “I am going to Jerusalem because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	15	26	wape	translate-names	Μακεδονία καὶ Ἀχαΐα	1	it was the good pleasure of Macedonia and Achaia	The words **Macedonia** and **Achaia** are the names of Roman provinces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	15	26	vn1r	figs-synecdoche	εὐδόκησαν&Μακεδονία καὶ Ἀχαΐα	1	it was the good pleasure of Macedonia and Achaia	Paul uses **Macedonia** and **Achaia** here to refer to the Christians who lived in those areas. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the believers in Macedonia and Achaia were well-pleased” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 ROM	15	26	n0fb	figs-abstractnouns	κοινωνίαν τινὰ ποιήσασθαι	1	it was the good pleasure of Macedonia and Achaia	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **contribution**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to contribute a certain amount” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	15	27	w5ap	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γάρ	1	Indeed they were please to do this	**For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+ROM	15	27	w5ap	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γάρ	1	Indeed they were please to do this	**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	15	27	px7a	writing-pronouns	εὐδόκησαν&ὀφειλέται εἰσὶν	1	Indeed they were please to do this	The two occurrences of **they** in this verse refer to the Christians in Macedonia and Achaia, whom Paul mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the believers in Macedonia and Achaia were pleased … those people are obligated to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ROM	15	27	tfz1	writing-pronouns	αὐτῶν&αὐτῶν&αὐτοῖς	1	indeed, they are their debtors	In this verse, **them** and **their** refer to the Christians in Jerusalem. If it might be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the believers in Jerusalem … their … those believers in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-ROM	15	27	ipij	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason the believers in Macedonia and Achaia **are obligated** to help the believers in Jerusalem. Use the most natural form in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “The reason for this is that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	15	27	ipij	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1		**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason the believers in Macedonia and Achaia **are obligated** to help the believers in Jerusalem. Use the most natural form in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “The reason for this is that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	15	27	en7l	grammar-connect-condition-fact	εἰ	1	if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they owe it to them also to serve them	Paul uses **if** as if the rest of the verse were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what Paul is saying is not certain, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “because it is true that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])
 ROM	15	28	jj6t	writing-pronouns	τοῦτο	1		Here, **this** refers to Paul traveling to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “this trip to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ROM	15	28	zz8u	figs-metaphor	σφραγισάμενος αὐτοῖς τὸν καρπὸν τοῦτον	1		Paul speaks of the money he is taking to Jerusalem as if it were**fruit**, and he speaks of his delivery of the money as if he were sealing it for the poor believers in Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “having safely delivered this offering to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -2631,9 +2631,9 @@ ROM	15	29	wod6	figs-explicit	ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας Χρισ
 ROM	15	29	ylq8	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας Χριστοῦ	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **fullness** and **blessing**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “in the full experience of how Christ blesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	15	29	st5e	figs-metaphor	ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας Χριστοῦ	1		Here Paul speaks of abundantly experiencing **the blessing of Christ** as if it were something that a person could receive in a full amount. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the abundant experience of the blessing of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	15	30	v9iy	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated this word in [1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
-ROM	15	30	scg1	figs-explicit	διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ διὰ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Πνεύματος	1		The two occurrences of **by** in this verse indicate that what follows are the basis for Paul to **urge** his readers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “on the basis of our Lord Jesus Christ and on the basis of the love of the Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	15	30	scg1	figs-explicit	διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ διὰ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Πνεύματος	1		The two occurrences of **by** in this verse indicate that what follows each one are the bases for Paul to **urge** his readers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “on the basis of our Lord Jesus Christ and on the basis of the love of the Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	15	30	wq9l	figs-possession	τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Πνεύματος	1		This could refer to: (1) **the love** that **the Spirit** gives to Christians. Alternate translation: “the love from the Spirit” (2) **the love** that belongs to **the Spirit**. Alternate translation: “the Spirit’s love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
-ROM	15	30	a5g4	figs-abstractnouns	τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Πνεύματος&ταῖς προσευχαῖς	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **love** and **prayers**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “how you love from the Spirit … what we pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ROM	15	30	a5g4	figs-abstractnouns	τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Πνεύματος&ταῖς προσευχαῖς	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **love** and **prayers**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “how you love from the Spirit … what you pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	15	30	fy1v	figs-metaphor	συναγωνίσασθαί μοι	1	to strive together with	Paul speaks of praying fervently as if it were a struggle. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “to pray intensely together with me” or “to pray intensely with me as if striving together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	15	31	q3v8	grammar-connect-words-phrases	ἵνα&καὶ	1	to strive together with	Both occurrences of **so that** in this verse could indicate: (1) the contents of what they should pray. Alternate translation: “that … and that” (2) the purposes for praying. Alternate translation: “in order that … and in order that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	15	31	u7st	figs-activepassive	ῥυσθῶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀπειθούντων	1	I may be rescued from those who are disobedient	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God might deliver me from the disobedient ones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -2648,56 +2648,56 @@ ROM	15	33	s947	figs-possession	ὁ&Θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης	1	May the G
 ROM	15	33	ubtx	figs-abstractnouns	τῆς εἰρήνης	1	May the God of peace be with	See how you translated **peace** in [1:7](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	16	intro	qy96			0		# Romans 16 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and Formatting<br><br>8. Conclusion (15:14–16:27)<br>    * Paul describes his mission (15:14–21)<br>    * Paul’s travel plans (15:22–33)<br>    * Paul commends Phoebe (16:1–2)<br>    * Paul greets Christians in Rome (16:3–16)<br>    * Paul warns against false teachers (16:17–20)<br>    * Paul greets more Christians in Rome (16:21–24)<br>    * Doxology (16:25–27)<br><br>## Special Concepts in this Chapter<br><br>### Letter writing and sending<br><br>In this culture, someone who wanted to send a letter often spoke what they wanted to say, and a scribe would write it down for them. Then, they would send the letter with a messenger, who would read the letter to the person or people to whom it was addressed. In this chapter, Tertius mentions that he is the scribe writing the letter for Paul ([16:22](../16/22.md)). Paul begins this chapter by recommending Phoebe to the believers in Rome who receive this letter. This could indicate that Phoebe was the messenger who delivered the letter to them.<br><br>### Greetings<br><br>In this culture, it was common for those who sent letters to include greetings to and from others in their letters. In this way, many people could greet each other but only send one letter. In [verses 3–16](../16/03.md) and [21–23](../16/21.md) Paul includes greetings to and from people whom he and the Romans knew. Express these greetings in a natural form in your language.
 ROM	16	1	sg6a	writing-pronouns	συνίστημι	1		The pronoun **I** here and throughout this chapter refers to Paul, except for [verse 22](../16/22.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I, Paul, commend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-ROM	16	1	sry4	translate-names	Φοίβην	1	Phoebe	**Phoebe** is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	1	sry4	translate-names	Φοίβην	1	Phoebe	The word **Phoebe** is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	1	q86q	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	In this verse and throughout this chapter **our** refers to Paul and his Christian readers, so **our** would be inclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 ROM	16	1	b81z	figs-metaphor	τὴν ἀδελφὴν	1	our	Paul speaks of **Phoebe** as if she were the physical **sister** of him and his Christian readers. He means she has a brother-sister relationship with all Christians because she trusts in Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “our spiritual sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	16	1	mbn3	figs-abstractnouns	διάκονον	1	our	See how you translated the abstract noun **servant** in [13:4](../13/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	16	1	q669	translate-names	Κενχρεαῖς	1	Cenchrea	**Cenchrea** was a city in Greece. See how **Cenchrea** is translated in [Acts 18:18](../act/18/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	1	q669	translate-names	Κενχρεαῖς	1	Cenchrea	The word **Cenchrea** was the name of a city in Greece. See how **Cenchrea** is translated in [Acts 18:18](../act/18/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	2	cwx1	figs-explicit	ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	you may receive her in the Lord	Here, **in the Lord** refers to Phoebe being a fellow believer in **the Lord** Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “as someone who believes in the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	16	2	yic3		ἀξίως τῶν ἁγίων	1	in a manner worthy of the saints	Alternate translation: “in the way that believers should welcome other believers”
 ROM	16	2	g7of	grammar-connect-logic-goal	καὶ	1	in a manner worthy of the saints	Here, **and** indicates that what follows is a second purpose for Paul to commend Phoebe to the believers in Rome. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and in order that you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
 ROM	16	2	qp4w	figs-metaphor	παραστῆτε αὐτῇ	1	stand by her	Here, **stand by** refers to helping someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “might assist her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	16	2	i0fm	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	stand by her	**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why Paul wants the Roman believers to help Phoebe. Use the most natural form in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “The reason I want you to do this is that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	16	2	i0fm	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	stand by her	**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why Paul wants the Roman believers to help Phoebe. Use the most natural form in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “The reason I want you to do this is that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	16	2	inh1	figs-abstractnouns	καὶ&προστάτις πολλῶν ἐγενήθη καὶ ἐμοῦ αὐτοῦ	2	has become a helper of many, and of myself as well	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **benefactor**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “has also benefited many, and myself as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	16	3	na1k			0	General Information:	As was customary in his culture, in [verses 3–16](../16/03.md) Paul begins to conclude the letter by extending greetings to the people to whom he is writing. Your language may have a particular way of sharing greetings in a letter. If so, you could use that form here. Alternate translation: “Enthusiastically ask to be remembered to” or “Send regards to”
+ROM	16	3	na1k			0	General Information:	As was customary in his culture, in [verses 3–16](../16/03.md) Paul begins to conclude the letter by extending greetings to the people to whom he is writing. Your language may have a particular way of sharing greetings in a letter. If so, you could use that form here. Alternate translation: “I enthusiastically ask to be remembered to” or “I send regards to”
 ROM	16	3	xigr	figs-imperative	ἀσπάσασθε	1		**Greet** here and throughout [verses 3–16](../16/03.md) is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. Alternate translation: “Make it your habit to greet” or “Make it your practice to greet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
-ROM	16	3	c5lg	translate-names	Πρίσκαν καὶ Ἀκύλαν	1	Priscilla and Aquila	**Prisca** is the name of a woman who is also called “Priscilla” in [Acts 18:2](../act/18/02.md). **Aquila** is the name of her husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-ROM	16	3	fsk1	figs-explicit	τοὺς συνεργούς μου	1	my fellow workers in Christ Jesus	Here, **fellow workers** refers to people who work together with Paul to tell other people about Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who work with me to preach the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	16	3	c5lg	translate-names	Πρίσκαν καὶ Ἀκύλαν	1	Priscilla and Aquila	The word **Prisca** is the name of a woman who is also called “Priscilla” in [Acts 18:2](../act/18/02.md). **Aquila** is the name of her husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	3	fsk1	figs-explicit	τοὺς συνεργούς μου	1	my fellow workers in Christ Jesus	Here, **fellow workers** refers to people who work together with Paul to tell other people about Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who worked with me to preach the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	16	3	uo3a	figs-metaphor	ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	in Christ Jesus	Here, **in Christ Jesus** could refer to: (1) the kind of work that **Prisca and Aquila** did with Paul. Alternate translation: “in the service of Christ Jesus” (2) being united with Christ, as this phrase is used in [3:24](../03/24.md); [6:11](../06/11.md), [23](../06/23.md); [8:1–2](../08/01.md), [39](../08/39.md); and [15:17](../15/17.md). Alternate translation: “who are united to Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	16	4	ilnn	figs-distinguish	οἵτινες ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς μου, τὸν ἑαυτῶν τράχηλον ὑπέθηκαν, οἷς οὐκ ἐγὼ μόνος εὐχαριστῶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ ἐκκλησίαι τῶν ἐθνῶν	1	in Christ Jesus	This verse interrupts the main part of the sentence in [verses 3–5](../16/03.md) in order to give further information about Priscilla and Aquila. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this verse as its own sentence and repeat the main verb of the previous verse in the next verse, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
+ROM	16	4	ilnn	figs-distinguish	οἵτινες ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς μου, τὸν ἑαυτῶν τράχηλον ὑπέθηκαν, οἷς οὐκ ἐγὼ μόνος εὐχαριστῶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ ἐκκλησίαι τῶν ἐθνῶν	1	in Christ Jesus	This verse interrupts the main part of the sentence in [verses 3–5](../16/03.md) in order to give further information about Prisca and Aquila. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this verse as its own sentence and repeat the main verb of the previous verse in the next verse, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
 ROM	16	4	fye8	figs-idiom	τὸν ἑαυτῶν τράχηλον ὑπέθηκαν	1		This phrase refers to doing something that would put someone in danger of being executed. Romans often executed people by chopping their heads off at the neck with an axe. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “risked having their heads chopped off by the Roman authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ROM	16	4	xmf8	figs-metaphor	ἐγὼ&εὐχαριστῶ	1		Here Paul speaks of expressing **thanks** as if they were something that he could **give** to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am thankful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	16	5	i32d	figs-infostructure	καὶ τὴν κατ’ οἶκον αὐτῶν ἐκκλησίαν	1	Greet the church that is in their house	This clause continues the sentence that Paul began in [verse 3](../16/03.md) and interrupted in the previous verse. If you made the previous verse into its own sentence, then here you will need to add the main verb from [verse 3](../16/03.md). Alternate translation: “and greet the church based in their house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])
-ROM	16	5	d6i0	writing-pronouns	οἶκον αὐτῶν	1		The pronoun **their** here refers to Priscilla and Aquila. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the house of Prisca and Aquila” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+ROM	16	5	d6i0	writing-pronouns	οἶκον αὐτῶν	1		The pronoun **their** here refers to Prisca and Aquila. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the house of Prisca and Aquila” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ROM	16	5	qqdg	figs-imperative	ἀσπάσασθε	1		See how you translated **Greet** in [verse 3](../16/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
-ROM	16	5	bn9z	translate-names	Ἐπαίνετον	1	Epaenetus	**Epaenetus** is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	5	bn9z	translate-names	Ἐπαίνετον	1	Epaenetus	The word **Epaenetus** is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	5	d1f1	figs-metaphor	ἀπαρχὴ τῆς Ἀσίας εἰς Χριστόν	1	firstfruit of Asia to Christ	Paul speaks of **Epaenetus** as if he were **fruit** that he had harvested. He means that **Epaenetus** was the first person in **Asia** who believed in **Christ** as a result of Paul’s preaching. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the first person in Asia to believe in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	16	6	ew2z	translate-names	Μαρίαν	1	Mary	**Mary** is the name of a woman. Several women in the Bible are named **Mary** because it was a common Jewish name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-ROM	16	7	tzk4	translate-names	Ἀνδρόνικον	1	Andronicus	**Andronicus** is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-ROM	16	7	z9uk	translate-names	Ἰουνίαν	1	Junias	**Junias** could refer to: (1) a woman named Junia, in which case **Andronicus and Junias** might be a married couple like Piscilla and Aquila. See the UST. (2) the shortened form of Junianus, a man’s name, which is less likely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	6	ew2z	translate-names	Μαρίαν	1	Mary	The word **Mary** is the name of a woman. Several women in the Bible are named **Mary** because it was a common Jewish name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	7	tzk4	translate-names	Ἀνδρόνικον	1	Andronicus	The word **Andronicus** is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	7	z9uk	translate-names	Ἰουνίαν	1	Junias	**Junias** could refer to: (1) a woman named Junia, in which case **Andronicus and Junias** might be a married couple like Prisca and Aquila. See the UST. (2) the shortened form of Junianus, a man’s name, which is less likely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	7	ycr0	figs-explicit	τοὺς συγγενεῖς μου	1	Junias	Here, **kinsmen** could refer to: (1) Jewish Christians. Alternate translation: “my Jewish Christian kinsmen” (2) Christian relatives of Paul. Alternate translation: “my Christian relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	16	7	gce3	figs-activepassive	οἵτινές εἰσιν ἐπίσημοι ἐν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις	1	They are prominent among the apostles	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom the apostles know very well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	16	7	nvw5	figs-distinguish	οἳ	1	They are prominent among the apostles	Here, **who** indicates that what follows is further information about **Andronicus and Junias**. It is not information about **the apostles**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “these two people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
+ROM	16	7	nvw5	figs-distinguish	οἳ	1	They are prominent among the apostles	Here, **who** indicates that what follows is further information about **Andronicus and Junias**. It is not information about **the apostles**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation (as a new sentence): “These two people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
 ROM	16	7	ylvm	figs-metaphor	ἐν Χριστῷ	1	They are prominent among the apostles	Here, **in Christ** refers to being united with Christ. See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [3:24](../03/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	16	8	h976	translate-names	Ἀμπλιᾶτον	1	Ampliatus	**Ampliatus** is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	8	h976	translate-names	Ἀμπλιᾶτον	1	Ampliatus	The word **Ampliatus** is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	8	alh2	figs-explicit	ἐν Κυρίῳ	1		See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [verse 2](../16/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	16	9	bd5l	translate-names	Οὐρβανὸν&Στάχυν	1	Urbanus … Stachys	**Urbanus** and **Stachys** are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	9	bd5l	translate-names	Οὐρβανὸν&Στάχυν	1	Urbanus … Stachys	The words **Urbanus** and **Stachys** are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	9	if0q	figs-explicit	τὸν συνεργὸν ἡμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ	1		See how you translated a similar phrase in [verse 3](../16/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	16	10	k55t	translate-names	Ἀπελλῆν&Ἀριστοβούλου	1	Apelles … Aristobulus	**Apelles** and **Aristobulus** are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	10	k55t	translate-names	Ἀπελλῆν&Ἀριστοβούλου	1	Apelles … Aristobulus	The words **Apelles** and **Aristobulus** are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	10	q96n	figs-activepassive	τὸν δόκιμον ἐν Χριστῷ	1	the approved in Christ	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom Christ has approved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	16	11	gt6r	translate-names	Ἡρῳδίωνα&Ναρκίσσου	1	Herodion … Narcissus	**Herodion** and **Narcissus** are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	11	gt6r	translate-names	Ἡρῳδίωνα&Ναρκίσσου	1	Herodion … Narcissus	The words **Herodion** and **Narcissus** are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	11	iifk	figs-explicit	τὸν συγγενῆ	1	Herodion … Narcissus	See how you translated “kinsmen” in [verse 7](../16/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	16	11	ket9	figs-metaphor	ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	who are in the Lord	Here, **in the Lord** refers to being united to Christ and has the same meaning as “in Christ” in [verse 7](../16/07.md) and [3:24](../03/24.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “united to the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	16	12	sq9n	translate-names	Τρύφαιναν&Τρυφῶσαν&Περσίδα	1	Tryphaena … Tryphosa … Persis	**Tryphaena**, **Tryphosa**, and **Persis** are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	12	sq9n	translate-names	Τρύφαιναν&Τρυφῶσαν&Περσίδα	1	Tryphaena … Tryphosa … Persis	The words **Tryphaena**, **Tryphosa**, and **Persis** are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	12	vkh4	figs-explicit	ἐν Κυρίῳ	-1		See how you translated a similar use of **in the Lord** in [verse 3](../16/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	16	13	zmf4	translate-names	Ῥοῦφον	1	Rufus	**Rufus** is the name of a man. See how this name is translated in [Mark 15:21](../mrk/15/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	13	zmf4	translate-names	Ῥοῦφον	1	Rufus	The word **Rufus** is the name of a man. See how this name is translated in [Mark 15:21](../mrk/15/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	13	zy3x	figs-activepassive	τὸν ἐκλεκτὸν ἐν Κυρίῳ	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one whom God has elected” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	16	13	hqf6	figs-metaphor	τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμοῦ	1	his mother and mine	Paul speaks of the **mother** of **Rufus** as if she were his own **mother**. He means that she treated him as if he were her own child. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his mother, whom I also think of as my mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	16	14	dwh9	translate-names	Ἀσύγκριτον, Φλέγοντα, Ἑρμῆν, Πατροβᾶν, Ἑρμᾶν	1	Asyncritus … Phlegon … Hermes … Patrobas … Hermas	These are names of five men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	14	ck2w	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφούς	1	brothers	See how you translated this word in [1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	16	14	il54	figs-explicit	τοὺς σὺν αὐτοῖς ἀδελφούς	1		Here, **with them** implies that these people meet together as a church. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the brothers who meet with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	16	15	ye9j	translate-names	Φιλόλογον&Νηρέα&Ὀλυμπᾶν	1	Philologus … Nereus … Olympas	**Philologus**, **Nereus**, and **Olympas** are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-ROM	16	15	n2rx	translate-names	Ἰουλίαν	1	Julia	**Julia** is the name of a woman. She was probably the wife of **Philologus**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	15	ye9j	translate-names	Φιλόλογον&Νηρέα&Ὀλυμπᾶν	1	Philologus … Nereus … Olympas	The words **Philologus**, **Nereus**, and **Olympas** are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	15	n2rx	translate-names	Ἰουλίαν	1	Julia	The word **Julia** is the name of a woman. She was probably the wife of **Philologus**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	15	j4uu	figs-explicit	τοὺς σὺν αὐτοῖς πάντας ἁγίους	1	Julia	See how you translated **with them** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	16	16	nxka	figs-imperative	ἀσπάσασθε	1		See how you translated **Greet** in [verse 3](../16/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
 ROM	16	16	g2z1	translate-unknown	φιλήματι ἁγίῳ	1	a holy kiss	Here, **a holy kiss** describes a **kiss** that believers would give to other believers (that is why it is **holy**). In Paul’s culture, this was an appropriate way to greet someone with whom one was very close, such as a family member or a good friend. You could use a greeting that is used by close friends or family members and clarify that here it is used in a **holy** or Christian way. Alternate translation: “with a Christian hug” or “in warm way that is appropriate for fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
@@ -2708,14 +2708,14 @@ ROM	16	17	n59l	figs-explicit	τὰς διχοστασίας&ποιοῦντας
 ROM	16	17	atil	figs-metaphor	τὰ σκάνδαλα	1		See how you translated “trap” in [11:9](../11/09.md) and [14:13](../14/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	16	17	j9x7	figs-explicit	παρὰ τὴν διδαχὴν ἣν ὑμεῖς ἐμάθετε	1	They are going beyond the teaching that you have learned	This clause could refer to: (1) the **traps**. Alternate translation: “which are contrary to the teaching that you have learned” (2) the means by which these people are **causing divisions and traps**. Alternate translation: “by doing what is contrary to the teaching that you have learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	16	17	b318	figs-metaphor	ἐκκλίνετε ἀπ’ αὐτῶν	1	Turn away from them	Here, **turn away** refers to avoiding someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “avoid them completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	16	18	yij5	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+ROM	16	18	yij5	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	16	18	fpvs	writing-pronouns	τοιοῦτοι	1		Here, **these** refers to “those who are causing division and traps,” who are mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “such as those causing such divisions and traps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-ROM	16	18	azob	figs-explicit	τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν Χριστῷ οὐ δουλεύουσιν	1		Here, **enslaved to our Lord Christ** refers to living under the control of **our Lord Christ**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “are not living under the control of our Lord Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	16	18	azob	figs-explicit	τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν Χριστῷ οὐ δουλεύουσιν	1		Here, **enslaved to our Lord Christ** refers to living under the control of **our Lord Christ**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “are not living in submission to our Lord Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	16	18	ea6h	figs-ellipsis	ἀλλὰ τῇ ἑαυτῶν κοιλίᾳ	1	but their own stomach	Paul is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “but they are enslaved to their own stomach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ROM	16	18	nxn4	figs-metonymy	τῇ ἑαυτῶν κοιλίᾳ	1	but their own stomach	Here, **stomach** could refer to: (1) physical desires, especially the desires to eat or drink. Alternate translation: “to their own physical desires” (2) pleasing oneself. Alternate translation: “to their own pleasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ROM	16	18	gddw	figs-abstractnouns	διὰ τῆς χρηστολογίας καὶ εὐλογίας	1	but their own stomach	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **speech** and **flattery**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “through speaking smoothly and flatteringly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	16	18	c2je	figs-metonymy	τὰς καρδίας	1	they deceive the hearts of the innocent	See how you translated “heart” in [1:21](../01/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ROM	16	19	vqml	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1		**For** here indicates that was follows is one reason why Paul’s readers should obey the command to “watch out for” and “turn away from” false teachers. Use the most natural form in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “Watch out for and turn away from these people since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	16	19	vqml	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1		**For** indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. **For** here indicates that was follows is one reason why Paul’s readers should obey the command to “watch out for” and “turn away from” false teachers. Use the most natural form in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: “Watch out for and turn away from these people since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	16	19	imc7	figs-personification	ἡ&ὑμῶν ὑπακοὴ, εἰς πάντας ἀφίκετο	1	For your obedience reaches everyone	Here Paul speaks of the Roman believers’ **obedience** as if it were a person who could go to people. He means that many people had heard about their **obedience**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your obedience has been heard about by everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 ROM	16	19	o1b9	figs-abstractnouns	ἡ&ὑμῶν ὑπακοὴ&τὸ ἀγαθόν&τὸ κακόν	1		See how you translated **obedience** in [5:19](../05/19.md) and **good** and **evil** in [7:19](../07/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	16	19	gj2r	figs-hyperbole	πάντας	1	For your obedience reaches everyone	Here, **everyone** is an exaggeration that Paul uses to show that many believers had heard about the **obedience** of the Roman believers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “very many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@@ -2723,16 +2723,16 @@ ROM	16	20	bnni	figs-possession	ὁ&Θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης	1		See how
 ROM	16	20	s3cq	figs-metaphor	συντρίψει τὸν Σατανᾶν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας ὑμῶν	1	The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet	Here Paul speaks of the Roman believers having victory over **Satan** as if they would **crush** him **under** their **feet**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will cause you to have complete victory over Satan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	16	20	qpr7	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν τάχει. ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ’ ὑμῶν	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **haste** and **grace**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “hastily. May the Lord Jesus Christ act graciously toward you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	16	20	btor		ἐν τάχει	1		The phrase translated as **with haste** can also refer to something happening after a short time period. Alternate translation: “in a short time” or “soon”
-ROM	16	20	oo2r	translate-blessing	ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ’ ὑμῶν	1		As was customary in his culture, Paul closes his letter with a blessing for the Roman believers. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “May you experience kindness from our Lord Jesus Christ within you” or “I pray that you will have grace from our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing]])
+ROM	16	20	oo2r	translate-blessing	ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ’ ὑμῶν	1		As was customary in his culture, Paul closes his letter with a blessing for the Roman believers. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “May you experience kindness from our Lord Jesus Christ” or “I pray that you will have grace from our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing]])
 ROM	16	21	z4g3	figs-explicit	ὁ συνεργός μου	1		See how you translated the similar phrase in [verse 3](../16/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	16	21	ku15	translate-names	Λούκιος&Ἰάσων&Σωσίπατρος	1	Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater	**Lucius**, **Jason**, and **Sosipater** are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	21	ku15	translate-names	Λούκιος&Ἰάσων&Σωσίπατρος	1	Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater	The words **Lucius**, **Jason**, and **Sosipater** are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	21	km7u	figs-explicit	οἱ συγγενεῖς μου	1		See how you translated this phrase in [verse 7](../16/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	16	21	wvzj		ἀσπάζεται ὑμᾶς	1		As was customary in this culture, Paul concludes the letter by extending greetings from people who are with him and who know the people to whom he is writing. Your language may have a particular way of sharing greetings in a letter. If so, you can use that form here. Alternate translation: “send you their greetings” or “ask to be remembered to you”
-ROM	16	22	pijj	figs-explicit	ἐγὼ, Τέρτιος, ὁ γράψας τὴν ἐπιστολὴν	1		This clause means that **Tertius** wrote down the words that Paul told him to write in this letter. In ancient times it was common for people to use scribes to write down letters for them. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “I, Tertius, am the person who wrote down what Paul told me to write in this epistle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	16	22	pijj	figs-explicit	ἐγὼ, Τέρτιος, ὁ γράψας τὴν ἐπιστολὴν	1		This clause means that **Tertius** wrote down the words that Paul told him to write in this letter. In ancient times it was common for people to use scribes to physically  write dictated letters for them. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “I, Tertius, am the person who wrote down what Paul told me to write in this epistle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	16	22	g8li	figs-123person	ἀσπάζομαι ὑμᾶς ἐγὼ, Τέρτιος, ὁ γράψας τὴν ἐπιστολὴν, ἐν Κυρίῳ	1		**I** here refers to **Tertius**, who writes this verse. Unlike elsewhere in this letter, it does not refer to Paul. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the third person in this verse. Alternate translation: “Tertius, who wrote this epistle, greets you in the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
-ROM	16	22	xu3q	translate-names	Τέρτιος	1	Tertius, who write this epistle	**Tertius** is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	22	xu3q	translate-names	Τέρτιος	1	Tertius, who write this epistle	The word **Tertius** is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	22	nx4g	figs-explicit	ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	greet you in the Lord	See how you translated the similar use of **in the Lord** in [verse 2](../16/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	16	23	sw7r	translate-names	Γάϊος&Ἔραστος&Κούαρτος	1	Gaius … Erastus … Quartus	**Gaius**, **Erastus**, and **Quartus** are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	23	sw7r	translate-names	Γάϊος&Ἔραστος&Κούαρτος	1	Gaius … Erastus … Quartus	The words **Gaius**, **Erastus**, and **Quartus** are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	23	j9u7	figs-explicit	ὁ ξένος μου, καὶ ὅλης τῆς ἐκκλησίας	1	the host	This phrase indicates that the home of **Gaius** was where Paul and his fellow believers gathered to worship. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who hosts me and the whole church in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	16	23	m5hg	figs-explicit	ὁ οἰκονόμος	1	the treasurer	Here, **steward** refers to the person who takes care of the money for **the city** in which Paul is staying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the treasurer” or “the one who administrates the finances” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	16	23	fnet	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφός	1	the treasurer	Here, **brother** refers to a fellow Christian. See how you translated **brother** in [14:10](../14/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
@@ -2745,11 +2745,11 @@ ROM	16	25	kmw1	figs-possession	τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου	1		Paul is usi
 ROM	16	25	yprj	figs-possession	τὸ κήρυγμα Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1		Paul is using the possessive form to describe the **preaching** that is about **Jesus Christ**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the preaching about Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
 ROM	16	25	wyyl	figs-abstractnouns	τὸ κήρυγμα&ἀποκάλυψιν μυστηρίου	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **preaching**, **revelation**, and **mystery**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is preached … what is revealed of what is mysterious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	16	25	vyj4	figs-explicit	κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν μυστηρίου	1		Here, **according to** indicates that what follows is what Paul’s preaching is based on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “on the basis of the revelation of the mystery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	16	25	s5ky	translate-unknown	μυστηρίου	1	according to the revelation of the mystery that had been kept secret for long ages	Here Paul uses the word **mystery** to refer to God’s plan to save people that was revealed in the **gospel**. This does not mean that the idea is hard to understand, but rather, God had not yet revealed it to people. If your language would not use **mystery** to refer to something that was concealed but has now been revealed, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “of this concealed message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
-ROM	16	25	n6c1	figs-activepassive	κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν μυστηρίου χρόνοις αἰωνίοις σεσιγημένου	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “according to the mystery that God has revealed, yet had kept secret for long ages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	16	25	s5ky	translate-unknown	μυστηρίου	1	according to the revelation of the mystery that had been kept secret for long ages	Here Paul uses the word **mystery** to refer to God’s plan to save people, which was revealed in the **gospel**. This does not mean that the idea is hard to understand, but rather, that God had not yet revealed it to people. If your language would not use **mystery** to refer to something that was concealed but has now been revealed, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “of this concealed message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
+ROM	16	25	n6c1	figs-activepassive	κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν μυστηρίου χρόνοις αἰωνίοις σεσιγημένου	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “according to the mystery that God has now revealed, yet had kept secret for long ages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	16	25	bgqm	figs-distinguish	χρόνοις αἰωνίοις σεσιγημένου	1		This clause gives further information about **the mystery**, which is also the **gospel**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to make this connection clear. Alternate translation: “which is what was kept secret for long ages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
 ROM	16	26	d7r5	figs-distinguish	φανερωθέντος δὲ νῦν	1		This clause gives further information about “the mystery,” which is also the “gospel” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to make this connection clear. Alternate translation: “but now that mystery has been revealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
-ROM	16	26	kgs8	figs-activepassive	φανερωθέντος δὲ νῦν	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but now God has revealed it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	16	26	kgs8	figs-activepassive	φανερωθέντος δὲ νῦν	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but now God has revealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	16	26	vrul	figs-infostructure	διά τε Γραφῶν προφητικῶν, κατ’ ἐπιταγὴν τοῦ αἰωνίου Θεοῦ εἰς ὑπακοὴν πίστεως, εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη γνωρισθέντος	1		The word translated as **and** here indicates that the following four phrases are connected to the fifth phrase. If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “and having been made known through the prophetic writings, according to the command of the eternal God, to the obedience of faith, to all the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])
 ROM	16	26	efyy	figs-abstractnouns	Γραφῶν προφητικῶν&ἐπιταγὴν τοῦ αἰωνίου Θεοῦ εἰς ὑπακοὴν πίστεως	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **writings**, **command**, **obedience**, and **faith**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what was written by the prophets … what the eternal God commanded, to be obedient of what is faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	16	26	fbr6	grammar-connect-logic-goal	εἰς ὑπακοὴν πίστεως	1		Here, **to** indicates that this is a purpose clause. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of the obedience of faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])