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@ -2153,74 +2153,123 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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17:28 a5qc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַ֭חֲרִישׁ 1 This phrase refers to someone who refrains from speaking unnecessarily. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who does not speak unnecessarily”
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17:28 q1jm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵחָשֵׁ֑ב 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will consider to be”
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17:28 ps9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֹטֵ֖ם שְׂפָתָ֣יו 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone who refrains from speaking unnecessarily as if that person **shuts his lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “one who does not speak unnecessarily”
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18:intro k5qz 0 # Proverbs 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
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18:1 n34r isolates himself 0 Alternate translation: “keeps away from other people”
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18:1 vun3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification quarrels with all sound judgment 0 This speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if “sound judgment” were a person he fought with. Alternate translation: “he disagrees with all sound judgment”
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18:1 r3yq sound judgment 0 Alternate translation: “good judgment” or “wise choices”
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18:2 u731 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes A fool finds no pleasure in understanding, but only 0 “A fool does not care about understanding, but only about” This means the fool considers “understanding” the opposite of pleasure. Alternate translation: “A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in”
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18:2 ey4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit but only in revealing what is in his own heart 0 This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate translation: “but only in telling others what is in his own heart”
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18:2 yp8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy what is in his own heart 0 The contents of a person’s heart refers to the person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “what he thinks”
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18:3 fw1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification contempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach 0 Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. This could mean: (1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or (2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach”
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18:3 ps5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet shame and reproach 0 These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the “shame” felt by either the wicked man or other people.
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18:4 izv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters; & the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream 0 These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. Alternate translation: “The words of a wise man’s mouth are deep waters; … the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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18:4 nv82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters 0 This speaks of a wise man’s words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. Alternate translation: “The words of a man’s mouth are as profound as deep waters” or “The words of a man’s mouth are deep and profound”
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18:4 mk4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a man’s mouth 0 Here the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “of a man”
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18:4 mn87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream 0 This speaks of the source of wisdom being plentiful as if it were a gushing spring. The gushing of the spring is spoken of as if it were a flowing stream. Alternate translation: “the source of wisdom is as plentiful as the water of a gushing spring”
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18:5 fi7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes It is not good to … to the righteous person 0 These phrases can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is good to treat the wicked person as he deserves, and to be just to the righteous person”
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18:6 p2qv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche A fool’s lips bring 0 Here the fool is referred to by his “lips” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “what a fool says brings”
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18:6 w2xd bring 0 Alternate translation: “cause”
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18:6 zxu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his mouth invites a beating 0 This speaks of the fool saying things that cause people to want to beat him as if he were inviting them to beat him. Alternate translation: “his mouth makes people want to beat him”
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18:6 z4ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his mouth 0 Here what the fool says is referred to as his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “what he says”
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18:7 iwj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy A fool’s mouth … with his lips 0 Both of these phrases refer to what a fool says. Alternate translation: “What a fool says … by what he says”
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18:7 v6hu is his ruin 0 Alternate translation: “will ruin him”
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18:7 e4r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he ensnares himself 0 This speaks of the man causing problems and trouble for himself as if he were trapping himself like a man traps an animal. Alternate translation: “he will cause problems for himself”
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18:8 iu3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels 0 This speaks of the words of a gossip being desirable to listen to as if they were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or
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18:8 vd95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession The words of a gossip 0 This refers to what a gossiping person says. Alternate translation: “The words that a gossiping person speaks”
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18:8 lms4 morsels 0 small bites of food
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18:8 mr15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they go down into the inner parts of the body 0 This speaks of the words of a gossip going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts”
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18:9 uih2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor one who is slack in his work is a brother to the one who destroys 0 This speaks of the one who is slack being similar to the one who destroys as if they were actually related. Alternate translation: “is closely related to” or “is very similar to”
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18:9 i66j is slack 0 Alternate translation: “is lazy” or “is not interested”
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18:9 mch5 the one who destroys the most 0 Alternate translation: “the one who destroys everything” or “the one who is always destructive”
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18:10 ktq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The name of Yahweh is a strong tower 0 This speaks of Yahweh protecting his people as if he were a strong tower in which they could take refuge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protects like a strong tower” or “Yahweh protects his people like a strong tower”
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18:10 f4nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The name of Yahweh 0 Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. Alternate translation: “Yahweh”
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18:10 dtz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the righteous 0 This refers to righteous people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous” or “righteous people”
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18:10 gkx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor runs into it and is safe 0 This speaks of people seeking safety from Yahweh and Yahweh protecting them as if he were a strong tower that they ran into for safety. Alternate translation: “run to him and they are safe” or “seek him and they are safe”
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18:11 vhu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The wealth of the rich is his fortified city 0 This speaks of a rich person depending on his wealth as if his wealth were a fortified wall that protects him. Alternate translation: “The wealthy person depends on his wealth as a city depends on its fortified wall”
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18:11 bgq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the rich 0 This refers to people who are rich. Alternate translation: “the rich person”
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18:11 tz4b fortified city 0 a city with strong defenses like walls and towers
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18:11 kei5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile in his imagination it is like a high wall 0 This speaks of the rich person believing his wealth will keep him safe like a high wall keeps those inside a city safe. Alternate translation: “he thinks it protects him as well as a high wall”
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18:12 r28e Before his downfall a person’s heart is proud 0 Alternate translation: “First a person’s heart is proud, but then comes his downfall”
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18:12 uet1 downfall 0 This refers to a significant decline in a person’s reputation or health.
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18:12 t2l5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a person’s heart 0 Here a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “a person”
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18:12 dy4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns humility comes before honor 0 The word “humility” may be expressed as an adjective and the word “honor” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person must be humble before he can be honored”
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18:13 cj6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns it is his folly and shame 0 The abstract nouns “folly” and “shame” may be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed”
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18:14 jnm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche A person’s spirit will survive sickness 0 Here a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. Alternate translation: “A person who is hopeful will survive sickness” or “If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick”
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18:14 v3f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion but a broken spirit who can bear it? 0 This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit.”
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18:14 b1vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a broken spirit 0 This refers to being depressed. Alternate translation: “being depressed”
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18:15 e4fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The heart of the intelligent acquires 0 Here the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. Alternate translation: “The intelligent desire to acquire”
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18:15 p7l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the intelligent 0 This refers to people who are intelligent. Alternate translation: “those who are intelligent” or “intelligent people”
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18:15 ptl8 acquires 0 Alternate translation: “gains” or “obtains”
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18:15 xwh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hearing of the wise seeks it out 0 Here the wise person is referred to by his hearing to emphasize what he desires to listen to. Alternate translation: “the wise seeks to learn about it”
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18:15 a1ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wise 0 This refers to people who are wise. Alternate translation: “those who are wise” or “wise people”
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18:15 enq3 seeks it out 0 Here the word “it” refers to “knowledge”
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18:16 zkj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom may open the way 0 Here to “open the way” means to create an opportunity. Alternate translation: “may create an opportunity for him”
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18:16 wr8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom bring him before 0 This means to be allowed to see someone. Alternate translation: “let him meet” or “let him be introduced to”
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18:17 ct71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal The first to plead his case 0 This refers to the person who pleads his case before his opponent pleads his case. Alternate translation: “The first person to plead his case” or “The person who pleads his case first” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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18:18 qs89 Casting the lot 0 Alternate translation: “Casting lots”
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18:18 n3hk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit separates strong opponents 0 This refers to people who are fighting harshly over a dispute. When they are separated, they are no longer fighting over their dispute. Alternate translation: “causes opponents to stop fighting over their dispute”
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18:19 dcj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor An offended brother is harder to be won than a strong city 0 This speaks of the difficulty of making peace with a brother you have offended by comparing it to the difficulty of winning a war against a strong city. Alternate translation: “If you offend your brother, finding a way to have peace with him again may be harder than waging a battle to win a city”
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18:19 zq5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile quarreling is like the bars of a castle 0 This speaks of the difficulty of resolving quarreling by comparing it to the difficulty of breaking down the bars of a castle. Alternate translation: “resolving quarreling is as difficult as breaking down the bars of a castle”
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18:19 ef13 castle 0 a fortified palace
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18:20 qaf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism From the fruit of his mouth one’s stomach is filled; with the harvest of his lips he is satisfied 0 These two lines have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize what is said. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “A person is satisfied by the results of the good things that he says”
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18:20 h4tr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fruit of his mouth 0 This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that came from his mouth. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words”
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18:20 p1z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor one’s stomach is filled 0 This speaks of a person being satisfied or content by the result of what they have said as if they had eaten and become satisfied” Alternate translation: “a person is satisfied”
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18:20 r4ee rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the harvest of his lips 0 This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that is harvested. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words”
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18:20 x66t he is satisfied 0 Alternate translation: “he is pleased”
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18:21 flt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Death and life are controlled by the tongue 0 This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “The tongue can lead to life of death” or “What people say can lead to life or death”
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18:21 n65f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by the tongue … love the tongue 0 Here the “tongue” refers to speech. Alternate translation: “by what people say … love speaking”
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18:21 l141 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will eat its fruit 0 This speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. Alternate translation: “will receive its consequences”
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18:24 wg3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive many friends is brought to ruin by them 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “many friends--they will bring him to ruin” or “many friends--his friends will destroy him”
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18:24 zc7f comes closer than 0 Alternate translation: “is more faithful than” or “stays more loyal than”
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18:intro k5qz 0 # Proverbs 18 General Notes\n\nChapter 18 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nChapters 16–22 mostly contain proverbs in which the second of two parallel clauses completes, emphasizes, or qualifies the idea of the first clause. Chapter 18 also contains contrasting parallelism ([18:2](../18/02.md), [12](../18/12.md), [14](../18/14.md), [23](../18/23.md), [24](../18/24.md)) and parallelism in which both clauses have the same meaning for emphasis ([18:7](../18/07.md), [15](../18/15.md), [20](../18/20.md)). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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18:1 y10d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְֽ֭תַאֲוָה יְבַקֵּ֣שׁ נִפְרָ֑ד & יִתְגַּלָּֽע 1 **One who separates himself** and **he** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “People who separate themselves seek for desire … those people break out”
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18:1 n34r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נִפְרָ֑ד 1 Here, Solomon implies that this person **separates himself** from other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “One who keeps away from other people”
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18:1 debc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְֽ֭תַאֲוָה יְבַקֵּ֣שׁ 1 Here, Solomon implies that this person **seeks** to fulfill his own **desire**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “seeks to fulfill his own desire”
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18:1 vun3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בְּכָל־תּ֝וּשִׁיָּ֗ה יִתְגַּלָּֽע 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone refusing to act according to **all sound wisdom** as if **all sound wisdom** were a person who the **One who separates himself** starts a quarrel with. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated **breaks out** in [17:14](../17/14.md). Alternate translation: “he refuses to act according to all sound wisdom”
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18:1 r3yq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּכָל־תּ֝וּשִׁיָּ֗ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **sound wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “against anything that is soundly wise”
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18:2 urhy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun כְּ֭סִיל & לִבּֽוֹ 1 **A stupid one** and **his** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any stupid person … that person’s heart”
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18:2 u731 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹֽא־יַחְפֹּ֣ץ & בִּתְבוּנָ֑ה 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “detests understanding”
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18:2 lwfw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בִּתְבוּנָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).\n
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18:2 ey4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְּהִתְגַּלּ֥וֹת לִבּֽוֹ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “a stupid one delights in his heart revealing itself”
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18:2 hvgu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּהִתְגַּלּ֥וֹת לִבּֽוֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a **stupid one** telling people what he thinks as if his **heart** were **revealing itself**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “in telling people what he thinks”
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18:3 fw1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification גַם־בּ֑וּז 1 Here, Solomon speaks of experiencing **contempt** as if it were a person who can come to a location. This could mean: (1) people show **contempt** towards **a wicked one**. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him” (2) **a wicked one** shows **contempt** for others. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people”
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18:3 uzj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בּ֑וּז & קָל֥וֹן חֶרְפָּֽה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **contempt**, **shame**, and **reproach**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **contempt** in [12:8](../12/08.md) and **shame** in [6:33](../06/33.md). Alternate translation: “feeling contemptuous … feeling shameful, being reproached”
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18:3 ps5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְֽעִם־קָל֥וֹן חֶרְפָּֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and with shame comes reproach”
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18:4 izv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דִּבְרֵ֣י פִי־אִ֑ישׁ 1 This phrase refers to the **words** that **a man** says by using his **mouth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The words that a man says with his mouth”
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18:4 diqg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דִּבְרֵ֣י פִי־אִ֑ישׁ 1 The second clause indicates that Solomon is referring to wise **words** spoken by a wise **man**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The wise words of the mouth of a wise man”
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18:4 dk9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun פִי־אִ֑ישׁ 1 Here, **the mouth** and **a man** represent mouths and people in general, not one particular **mouth** and **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “the mouths of people”\n
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18:4 nv82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַ֣יִם עֲ֭מֻקִּים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a wise man’s words being profound as if they were **deep waters**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “are profound” or “are deep like deep waters”
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18:4 mk4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מְק֣וֹר חָכְמָֽה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **fountain** that gives **wisdom**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a fountain that gives wisdom”
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18:4 mn87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְק֣וֹר חָכְמָֽה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a wise person being a source of **wisdom** as if he were a **fountain**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “a wise person is source of wisdom and” or “a wise person is like a fountain of wisdom and”
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18:4 mcky rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
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18:4 gxso rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נַ֥חַל נֹ֝בֵ֗עַ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a wise person having plentiful **wisdom** as if he were a **gushing stream**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “is plentiful” or “is plentiful like a gushing stream”
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18:5 fi7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹא־ט֑וֹב 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “It is surely bad”
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18:5 gs7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שְׂאֵ֣ת פְּנֵי־רָשָׁ֣ע & צַ֝דִּ֗יק בַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט 1 Here, **the face**, **the wicked one**, **the righteous one**, and **the judgment** represent these things and people in general, not specific things and people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “to lift the faces of the wicked ones … the righteous ones in the judgments”
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18:5 xz0a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שְׂאֵ֣ת פְּנֵי 1 Here, **to lift the face** is an idiom that means “to show partiality” or “to favor”. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to give pride of place to” or “to be partial to”
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18:5 hylk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy רָשָׁ֣ע & צַ֝דִּ֗יק 1 In this verse, **the wicked one** refers to someone who is guilty of doing something **wicked** and **the righteous one** refers to someone who is innocent of doing something wicked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of **wicked** and **righteous** in [17:15](../17/15.md). Alternate translation: “the guilty one … the innocent one”\n
|
||||
18:5 btf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְהַטּ֥וֹת 1 Here, **to** marks **turn aside** as the goal or purpose of lifting **the face of the wicked one**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of turning aside”
|
||||
18:5 otoj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְהַטּ֥וֹת 1 Here, depriving an innocent person of a just **judgment** is spoken of as if **the righteous one** were made to **turn aside** when judged in court. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to deprive of justice”\n
|
||||
18:5 k02r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט 1 Here, **the judgment** refers to the verdict of a judge in a legal case. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “regarding the verdict of his case” or “when his case is decided”
|
||||
18:6 gekd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שִׂפְתֵ֣י & וּ֝פִ֗יו 1 See how you translated the same use of **lips** in [10:18](../10/18.md) and **mouth** in [10:11](../10/11.md).
|
||||
18:6 w2xd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun כְ֭סִיל & בְרִ֑יב וּ֝פִ֗יו 1 Here, **a stupid one**, **a dispute** and **his** refer to stupid people and disputes in general, not one particular **stupid one** or **dispute**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any stupid one … into any dispute, and that person’s mouth”\n
|
||||
18:6 p2qv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יָבֹ֣אֽוּ בְרִ֑יב 1 Here, Solomon speaks of what a **stupid one** says with his **lips** causing that person to start a **dispute** as if his **lips** were a person who could **enter into a dispute**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “results in him starting an argument”
|
||||
18:6 zxu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְֽמַהֲלֻמ֥וֹת יִקְרָֽא 1 Here, Solomon speaks of what a **stupid one** says with **his mouth** causing people to want to beat him as if **his mouth** were a person who **calls for blows**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes people to want to beat him”
|
||||
18:7 umea rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism פִּֽי־כְ֭סִיל מְחִתָּה־ל֑וֹ וּ֝שְׂפָתָ֗יו מוֹקֵ֥שׁ נַפְשֽׁוֹ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “The mouth of a stupid one is ruin for him, yes, his lips are a snare of his life”
|
||||
18:7 iwj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּֽי & וּ֝שְׂפָתָ֗יו 1 See how you translated the same use of **mouth** and **lips** in the previous verse.
|
||||
18:7 v6hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result מְחִתָּה־ל֑וֹ 1 Here, **is** indicates that what follows is the result of what **a stupid one** says. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “causes ruin for him” or “will result in his ruin”\n
|
||||
18:7 e4r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מוֹקֵ֥שׁ נַפְשֽׁוֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to what **a stupid one** says with **his lips** causing him trouble as if **his lips** were a **snare** that traps him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “will cause him trouble” or “are like a snare that causes him trouble”
|
||||
18:7 ffo5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נַפְשֽׁוֹ 1 Here, **life** refers to the person himself. See how you translated the same use of **life** in [8:36](../08/36.md).
|
||||
18:8 vd95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דִּבְרֵ֣י 1 See how you translated the same use of **words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
|
||||
18:8 iu3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּמִֽתְלַהֲמִ֑ים 1 Solomon is saying that the **words of a murmurer** are like **things swallowed greedily** because people are eager to hear gossip. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “are listened to eagerly”
|
||||
18:8 lms4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns וְ֝הֵ֗ם יָרְד֥וּ 1 Solomon uses the word **themselves** to emphasize how significant it was that what murmurers say is listened to by others. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “and those very words go down into”
|
||||
18:8 mr15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝הֵ֗ם יָרְד֥וּ חַדְרֵי־בָֽטֶן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the **words of a murmurer** staying in a person’s mind and affecting that person’s thoughts as if they were food that goes **down into** a person’s stomach. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts”
|
||||
18:8 za80 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חַדְרֵי־בָֽטֶן 1 Here, **the rooms of the belly** refers to the innermost part of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the innermost part of a person”
|
||||
18:9 upvp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִתְרַפֶּ֣ה בִמְלַאכְתּ֑וֹ אָ֥ח ה֝֗וּא לְבַ֣עַל מַשְׁחִֽית 1 Here, **one who slacks**, **his**, **a brother**, and **an owner of destruction** represent types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any person who slacks in that person’s work, that person is a brother to any owner of destruction”
|
||||
18:9 uih2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָ֥ח 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the **one who slacks** being similar to **an owner of destruction** as if he were that person’s **brother**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is closely related” or “is very similar”
|
||||
18:9 mch5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְבַ֣עַל מַשְׁחִֽית 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person who destroys things as if that person were **an owner of destruction**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the one who destroys everything” or “to the one who is always destructive”
|
||||
18:10 f4nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה 1 Here, **name of Yahweh** refers to **Yahweh** himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.\n
|
||||
18:10 mzvb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִגְדַּל־עֹ֭ז 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **tower** that is characterized by **strength**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is a tower characterized by strength”
|
||||
18:10 ktq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִגְדַּל־עֹ֭ז 1 Here, Solomon speaks of Yahweh protecting his people as if he were a **tower** in which they could take refuge. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “protects his people” or “protects his people like a strong tower”
|
||||
18:10 dtz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַדִּ֣יק 1 Here, **the righteous one** represents **righteous** people in general, not one particular **righteous one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any righteous one”
|
||||
18:10 gkx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בּֽוֹ־יָר֖וּץ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone seeking safety from Yahweh as if **Yahweh** were a **tower** which that person **runs into**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “seek safety from him” or “seek safety from him as if running to him”
|
||||
18:10 o4to rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנִשְׂגָּֽב 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person being safe as if that person were **set on** a **high** place where no one could harm that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and is secure”
|
||||
18:11 bgq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ה֣וֹן עָ֭שִׁיר קִרְיַ֣ת עֻזּ֑וֹ 1 See how you translated the same clause in [10:15](../10/15.md).
|
||||
18:11 tz4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וּכְחוֹמָ֥ה נִ֝שְׂגָּבָ֗ה 1 Solomon is saying that the **wealth of a rich one** is like **a wall set on high** because **the rich one** thinks that his **wealth** will protect him from enemies like a **high** **wall** does. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and it will protect him like a wall set on high”
|
||||
18:11 kei5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּמַשְׂכִּיתֽוֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **imagination**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “according to what he imagines”
|
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18:12 r28e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לִפְנֵי־שֶׁ֭בֶר 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone being proud before experiencing **breaking** as if **breaking** were a person with a face that **the heart of a man** could be **exalted** in front of. See how you translated this phrase in [16:18](../16/18.md). Alternate translation: “Before breaking” or “Before he is ruined”
|
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18:12 j9yv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִגְבַּ֣הּ לֵב־אִ֑ישׁ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a man exalts his heart”
|
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18:12 uet1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
|
||||
18:12 t2l5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֑ישׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person”
|
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18:12 dy4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְלִפְנֵ֖י כָב֣וֹד עֲנָוָֽה 1 See how you translated the same clause in [15:33](../15/33.md).
|
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18:13 dkwr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֵשִׁ֣יב דָּ֭בָר בְּטֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁמָ֑ע & ל֝֗וֹ 1 **One who returns**, **a word**, **he**, and **him** refer to a type of person and **word** in general, not one particular person or **word**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person who returns any word before listening … to that person”
|
||||
18:13 u40x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵשִׁ֣יב דָּ֭בָר 1 Here, **returns** refers to replying to what someone has said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “One who replies with a word”
|
||||
18:13 dsv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דָּ֭בָר 1 See how you translated the similar use of **word** in [12:25](../12/25.md).
|
||||
18:13 cj6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אִוֶּ֥לֶת & וּכְלִמָּֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md) and **shame** in [6:33](../06/33.md).
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18:14 jnm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy רֽוּחַ & וְר֥וּחַ נְ֝כֵאָ֗ה 1 In this verse, **spirit** refers to a person’s attitude. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The attitude of … but a crushed attitude”
|
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18:14 inr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְכַלְכֵּ֣ל 1 Here, Solomon implies that a person’s **spirit** enables that person to **endure his illness**. if it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will enable him to endure”
|
||||
18:14 b1vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְר֥וּחַ נְ֝כֵאָ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person who despairs as if that person’s **spirit** were **crushed** by something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression in [15:13](../15/13.md). Alternate translation: “but a person who feels despair”\n
|
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18:14 v3f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִ֣י יִשָּׂאֶֽנָּה 1 Solomon is using the question form to emphasize the difficulty of helping a depressed person feel better. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “surely no one can lift it!”
|
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18:14 dqmo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִשָּׂאֶֽנָּה 1 Here, Solomon refers to helping a depressed person feel better as if one could **lift** that persons **spirit**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “can help him feel better”
|
||||
18:15 wnou rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לֵ֣ב נָ֭בוֹן יִקְנֶה־דָּ֑עַת וְאֹ֥זֶן חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים תְּבַקֶּשׁ־דָּֽעַת 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “The heart of an understanding one acquires knowledge, yes, and the ear of the wise ones seeks knowledge”\n
|
||||
18:15 igjr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֵ֣ב נָ֭בוֹן יִקְנֶה־דָּ֑עַת וְאֹ֥זֶן 1 **The heart**, **an understanding one**, and **the ear** represents these things and type of people in general, not specific things or people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “The hearts of understanding ones acquire knowledge, and the ears of”
|
||||
18:15 e4fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֵ֣ב 1 Here, **heart** refers to the whole person. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [15:14](../15/14.md).
|
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18:15 p7l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דָּ֑עַת & דָּֽעַת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
|
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18:15 ptl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְאֹ֥זֶן חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים תְּבַקֶּשׁ 1 Here, **ear** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the wise ones seek”
|
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18:15 fwnu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְּבַקֶּשׁ 1 See how you translated the same use of **seeks** in [11:27](../11/27.md).
|
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18:16 z6j4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מַתָּ֣ן אָ֭דָם & ל֑וֹ & יַנְחֶֽנּוּ 1 **The gift**, **a man**, **him**, and **it** refer to gifts and people in general, not one particular **gift** or person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “A gift of any person … for that person … it will guide that person”
|
||||
18:16 wr8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מַתָּ֣ן אָ֭דָם 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **gift** that is given by **a man**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “What a man gives”
|
||||
18:16 zkj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יַרְחִ֣יב 1 Here, **make room** is an idiom that means “create an opportunity.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will open doors” or “will create an opportunity”
|
||||
18:16 aseb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְלִפְנֵ֖י 1 See how you translated the same use of **before the face of** in [14:19](../14/19.md).
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||||
18:16 qxsf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יַנְחֶֽנּוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **The gift** as if it were a person who could **guide** the person who gives it. He means that giving a **gift** could result in a person meeting **great ones**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it will enable him to go”
|
||||
18:17 jwv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit צַדִּ֣יק הָרִאשׁ֣וֹן בְּרִיב֑וֹ וּבָֽא־רֵ֝עֵ֗הוּ וַחֲקָרֽוֹ 1 This verse refers to a dispute in which one person states **his case** that seems to be **right** until that person’s **neighbor** **examines him** by asking him questions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When people dispute, the first one states his case and seems to be right, then his neighbor comes and questions what he said”
|
||||
18:17 dzjx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הָרִאשׁ֣וֹן בְּרִיב֑וֹ & רֵ֝עֵ֗הוּ וַחֲקָרֽוֹ 1 **The first one**, **his**, and **him** refer to a type of person, not a particular **first one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any first person with that person’s case … that person’s neighbor … and examines that person”
|
||||
18:17 ct71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal הָרִאשׁ֣וֹן 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “Person one”
|
||||
18:17 xjwc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וּבָֽא־רֵ֝עֵ֗הוּ 1 Solomon uses the word **then** here to indicate a contrast between the idea of the previous clause and this clause. Solomon implies that the results of examining the **first one** will be that **his case** is not **right**. In your translation, indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but then his neighbor comes”
|
||||
18:18 seol rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הַגּוֹרָ֑ל 1 **The lot** refers to casting lots in general, not a specific **lot**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Casting lots”
|
||||
18:18 qs89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַגּוֹרָ֑ל 1 See how you translated **lot** in [16:33](../16/33.md).
|
||||
18:18 sp3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִ֭דְיָנִים 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **quarrels** in [6:14](../06/14.md).
|
||||
18:18 n3hk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יַפְרִֽיד 1 The phrase **makes a separation** refers to discerning which of the **mighty ones** is correct in an argument. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “it discerns who is correct”
|
||||
18:19 r1i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָ֗ח 1 Here, **brother** refers to any relative or close friend. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A relative”
|
||||
18:19 yk7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִקִּרְיַת־עֹ֑ז 1 Solomon is leaving out some of a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “is more unyielding than a city of strength” or “is more difficult to approach than a city of strength”
|
||||
18:19 dcj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִקִּרְיַת־עֹ֑ז 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **city** that is characterized by **strength**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is more than a strong city”
|
||||
18:19 ogca rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ומדונים 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **quarrels** in [6:14](../06/14.md).
|
||||
18:19 zq5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כִּבְרִ֥יחַ אַרְמֽוֹן 1 This could mean: (1) **quarrels** cause people to stay away from each other, as if a **fortress** **gate bar** were between them. Alternate translation: “separate people” (2) resolving **quarrels** is as difficult as trying to enter a **fortress** that has a **bar** across its **gate**. Alternate translation: “are very difficult to resolve”
|
||||
18:19 ef13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כִּבְרִ֥יחַ 1 A **gate bar** is a large bar that was placed across a **gate** in order to make the **gate** difficult to break down. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of **bar**, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “are like the bar placed across the gate of”
|
||||
18:20 pe4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism מִפְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ תִּשְׂבַּ֣ע בִּטְנ֑וֹ תְּבוּאַ֖ת שְׂפָתָ֣יו יִשְׂבָּֽע 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “From the fruit of the mouth of a man his belly is satisfied; yes, with the produce of his lips he is satisfied”
|
||||
18:20 g5py rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מִפְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ תִּשְׂבַּ֣ע בִּטְנ֑וֹ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The fruit of the mouth of a man satisfies his belly”
|
||||
18:20 h4tr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִפְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [12:14](../12/14.md).
|
||||
18:20 p1z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תִּשְׂבַּ֣ע בִּטְנ֑וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person eating enough food to feel **satisfied** as if that person’s **belly** were a person who could be **satisfied**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will eat enough to feel satisfied”
|
||||
18:20 bsu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תְּבוּאַ֖ת שְׂפָתָ֣יו יִשְׂבָּֽע 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the produce of his lips satisfies him”
|
||||
18:20 r4ee rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְּבוּאַ֖ת שְׂפָתָ֣יו 1 Here, Solomon refers to what a person says as if it were **produce** from that person’s **lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with what he says”\n
|
||||
18:21 t0m6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מָ֣וֶת וְ֭חַיִּים בְּיַד־לָשׁ֑וֹן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person’s **tongue** as if it were a person who held **Death and life** in his **hand**. He means that what people say can cause people to die or stay alive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A person’s death and life can be determined by what a person says”
|
||||
18:21 flt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מָ֣וֶת וְ֭חַיִּים 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **Death** in [2:18](../02/18.md) and **life** in [8:36](../08/36.md).
|
||||
18:21 n65f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לָשׁ֑וֹן 1 See how you translated the same use of **tongue** in [6:17](../06/17.md).
|
||||
18:21 l141 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֹאכַ֥ל פִּרְיָֽהּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people receiving the consequences for what they say as if those consequences were **fruit** that they **eat**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will receive its consequences”
|
||||
18:22 d7ll rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מָצָ֣א אִ֭שָּׁה & וַיָּ֥פֶק 1 **He who finds**, **a wife**, and **he** refer to people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person who finds a wife … and that person obtains”
|
||||
18:22 hgt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מָצָ֣א & מָ֣צָא 1 Obtaining **a wife** and something **good** are spoken of as if they are objects that a person **finds** by searching for it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He who obtains … obtains”\n
|
||||
18:22 v40v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ט֑וֹב & רָ֝צ֗וֹן 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **good** in [11:27](../11/27.md) and **favor** in [3:4](../03/04.md).\n
|
||||
18:22 jbeb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רָ֝צ֗וֹן 1 Here, **favor** could refer to: (1) Yahweh being pleased with the man **who finds a wife**, as in the identical phrase in [8:35](../08/35.md). Alternate translation: “approval” (2) the **wife** mentioned in the previous clause, in which case **favor** would mean “gift.” Alternate translation: “a gift”
|
||||
18:23 hxwm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָ֑שׁ וְ֝עָשִׁ֗יר 1 **One who is poor** and **a rich one** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any poor person … but any rich person”
|
||||
18:23 hqmv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַּחֲנוּנִ֥ים יְדַבֶּר 1 The phrase **speaks pleas** refers to someone humbly asking or begging for mercy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “pleads for mercy”
|
||||
18:23 o12y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יַעֲנֶ֥ה 1 Here, Solomon implies that **a rich one answers** the **pleas** of **One who is poor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “answers the poor one”
|
||||
18:24 mv8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֣ישׁ רֵ֭עִים & אֹ֝הֵ֗ב & מֵאָֽח 1 **A man**, **one who loves**, and **a brother** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person of companions … any person who loves … more than any brother”
|
||||
18:24 a0zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אִ֣ישׁ רֵ֭עִים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who has **companions**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A man with companions”
|
||||
18:24 w72m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אִ֣ישׁ רֵ֭עִים 1 This phrase could refer to: (1) a person who has false or unreliable **companions** who harm him, which contrasts with **one who loves** in the next clause. Alternate translation: “A man with unreliable companions” (2) a person who has too many **companions**. Alternate translation: “A man with too many companions”
|
||||
18:24 jsbe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְהִתְרֹעֵ֑עַ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person being destroyed as if he were **broken**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will experience destruction” or “will be destroyed”\n
|
||||
18:24 wg3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לְהִתְרֹעֵ֑עַ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will experience ruin”
|
||||
18:24 zc7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דָּבֵ֥ק מֵאָֽח 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person’s friend being more loyal than **a brother** as if that friend were **clinging** to him **more than a brother** would. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is more faithful than”
|
||||
19:intro nbz8 0 # Proverbs 19 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n
|
||||
19:1 ev8n Better is a poor person 0 Alternate translation: “It is better to be a poor person”
|
||||
19:1 bpi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who walks in his integrity 0 This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. Alternate translation: “who lives in his integrity” or “who lives an honest life”
|
||||
|
|
@ -2850,7 +2899,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
|
|||
28:28 xc51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole people hide themselves 0 This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. Alternate translation: “people go into hiding” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
|
||||
28:28 vjp8 perish 0 This could mean: (1) “go away” or (2) “fall from power” or (3) “are destroyed.”
|
||||
28:28 pd87 increase 0 This could mean: (1) “multiply” or (2) “rise to power.”
|
||||
29:intro pkl4 0 # Proverbs 29 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
29:intro pkl4 0 # Proverbs 29 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which was written by Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
29:1 rl7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who stiffens his neck 0 A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn” or “who refuses to listen”
|
||||
29:1 nb5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive will be broken in a moment 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him”
|
||||
29:1 y5ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor beyond healing 0 “and no one will be able to heal him.” Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. Alternate translation: “and no one will be able to help him”
|
||||
|
|
@ -2858,7 +2907,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
|
|||
29:4 v6du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns by justice 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by doing what is just” or “by making just laws”
|
||||
29:5 x5x6 flatters his neighbor 0 knowingly tells his neighbor things that are not true so that the neighbor will do what the speaker wants him to do
|
||||
29:5 udx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor spreading a net for his feet 0 The writer compares the flattery of a person to setting that person up to being caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “setting a trap to catch that person”
|
||||
29:6 k8iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom In the sin of an evil person is a trap 0 When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him.
|
||||
29:8 g91s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy set a city on fire 0 Here the word “city” represents the people who live in the city. Mockers causing the people to experience turmoil and possibly to become violent is spoken of as if they set the city on fire. Alternate translation: “create turmoil for the people of a city” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
29:8 vcu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom turn away wrath 0 This idiom means to cause angry people no longer to be angry. Alternate translation: “calm the wrath of angry people”
|
||||
29:9 el5g has an argument with 0 Another possible meaning is “goes to court against.”
|
||||
|
|
@ -2879,7 +2927,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
|
|||
29:20 qfr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion See a man who is hasty in his words? 0 The writer is using a question to get the reader’s attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.”
|
||||
29:21 k1j6 who pampers his slave 0 Alternate translation: “who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves”
|
||||
29:21 qas4 at the end of it 0 Alternate translation: “at the end of the slave’s youth” or “when the slave is grown”
|
||||
29:22 s7ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor stirs up strife 0 Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strife**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “argue.” See how you translated similar words in [Proverbs 15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” or “causes people to argue and fight” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
29:22 s7ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor stirs up strife 0 Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strife**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “argue.” See how you translated similar words in [15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” or “causes people to argue and fight”
|
||||
29:22 ad7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a master of rage 0 This idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.”
|
||||
29:24 jpz1 hates his own life 0 Alternate translation: “becomes his own enemy”
|
||||
29:25 t7d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The fear of man makes a snare 0 Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap”
|
||||
|
|
@ -2888,7 +2936,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
|
|||
29:26 w96b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns from Yahweh is justice for a person 0 It is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “just.” Alternate translation: “it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person”
|
||||
30:intro aud8 0 # Proverbs 30 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Agur\n\nHis full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means “gatherer” and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name.\n\n### Three things and four\n\nFrom verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like “small and yet wise.” The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
30:1 u8l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Agur … Jakeh … Ithiel … Ucal 0 These are the names of men.
|
||||
30:1 v8qt Agur son of Jakeh 0 This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild.
|
||||
30:1 ic3d the utterance 0 Alternate translation: “the message”
|
||||
30:1 y7qf to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal 0 Alternate translation: “to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal”
|
||||
30:2 n4d9 Surely 0 Alternate translation: “Certainly” or “There is no doubt that”
|
||||
|
|
@ -2897,16 +2944,15 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
|
|||
30:4 kw1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? 0 The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. Alternate translation: “No person has ever … down. No person has ever … hands. No person has ever … cloak. No person has ever … earth.” or “Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? No one has ever done any of these things.”
|
||||
30:4 bz7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor gathered up the wind in the hollow of his hands 0 The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “has caught the wind in his hands”
|
||||
30:4 g4i7 the hollow of his hands 0 the way his hands are shaped when he is scooping up, for example, water or sand. “his cupped hands”
|
||||
30:4 l4kf gathered up 0 brought small scattered objects into a pile so they can be lifted
|
||||
30:4 rce5 has established all the ends of the earth 0 Alternate translation: “has set up the limits for where the earth ends” or “has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth”
|
||||
30:4 jv39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony Surely you know! 0 The writer uses irony to show that neither he nor the reader know any person who can do what the “who” in the earlier questions can do. Alternate translation: “I do not think you really know anyone who can do those things.”
|
||||
30:5 mna2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is tested 0 Words are spoken of as if they were metals that need someone to clean the bad parts out of them. Alternate translation: “is like a precious metal from which someone has removed all the useless material” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
30:5 mna2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is tested 0 Words are spoken of as if they were metals that need someone to clean the bad parts out of them. Alternate translation: “is like a precious metal from which someone has removed all the useless material”
|
||||
30:5 u15z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he is a shield to those who take refuge in him 0 The word “shield” is a metaphor for something that protects a person. Alternate translation: “he protects those who come and ask him to protect them”
|
||||
30:6 lu63 add to his words 0 say more than he has said
|
||||
30:6 e39x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you will be proved to be 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will prove that you are”
|
||||
30:8 v3d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Put vanity and lies far away from me 0 This could mean: (1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or (2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies”
|
||||
30:8 jw32 vanity 0 false, useless words
|
||||
30:8 wk6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Give me neither poverty nor riches 0 The writer speaks as if “poverty” and “riches” were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as “poor” and “rich.” Alternate translation: “Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
30:8 wk6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Give me neither poverty nor riches 0 The writer speaks as if “poverty” and “riches” were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as “poor” and “rich.” Alternate translation: “Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich”
|
||||
30:9 vrk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo if I have too much, I might deny you and say 0 This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich.
|
||||
30:9 t24i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo if I become poor, I might steal and profane 0 This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes poor.
|
||||
30:9 f4ah I might steal and profane the name of my God 0 Alternate translation: “I might make people who know that I have stolen things think that there is no God” or “I might harm God’s reputation by stealing”
|
||||
|
|
@ -2914,7 +2960,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
|
|||
30:10 ycc9 he will curse 0 Alternate translation: “the servant will curse”
|
||||
30:10 u5fu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you will be held guilty 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hold you guilty”
|
||||
30:11 sz6e a generation that curses … and does not bless 0 Alternate translation: “a generation of people who curse … and do not bless”
|
||||
30:11 z4bb generation 0 type or class or group
|
||||
30:12 h8cq a generation that is 0 Alternate translation: “a generation of people that are”
|
||||
30:12 dp6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is pure in their own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “considers themselves pure” or “believes they are pure”
|
||||
30:12 fyp5 filth 0 This should be translated with a polite term that includes human or animal vomit and waste.
|
||||
|
|
@ -2926,23 +2971,21 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
|
|||
30:15 n8v6 0 Another possible meaning is “and they are both named Give Me.” Alternate translation: “Give and give”
|
||||
30:15 xlu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes are never satisfied 0 This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “always want more”
|
||||
30:16 d8p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification land that is never satisfied with water 0 Land that is no longer producing food because there has been no rain is spoken of as if it were a person who does not have enough water to drink.
|
||||
30:17 hr1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns scorns obedience to a mother 0 The word “obedience” is a metonym for the mother herself. It is also an abstract noun that can be stated as “obey.” Alternate translation: “considers his mother worthless and will not obey her” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
30:17 hr1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns scorns obedience to a mother 0 The word “obedience” is a metonym for the mother herself. It is also an abstract noun that can be stated as “obey.” Alternate translation: “considers his mother worthless and will not obey her”
|
||||
30:17 pr2u his eyes … the vultures 0 The writer says that the person will die by giving two pictures of what happens to people who die away from where people live.
|
||||
30:17 l9a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive his eyes will be pecked out by the ravens of the valley 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the ravens of the valley will peck out his eyes”
|
||||
30:17 x3vs ravens 0 large, shiny, black birds that eat plants and dead animals
|
||||
30:17 sxz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he will be eaten by the vultures 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the vultures will eat him”
|
||||
30:17 k8je vultures 0 any one of several large birds that eat dead animals and have small, featherless heads
|
||||
30:19 u9rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the heart of the sea 0 The “heart” refers to the middle. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” or “on the open sea”
|
||||
30:20 h26k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism she eats and she wipes her mouth 0 This seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
30:21 s3e3 Under three things the earth trembles, and under four it cannot bear up 0 The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. “There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of these are:”
|
||||
30:20 h26k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism she eats and she wipes her mouth 0 This seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath.
|
||||
30:21 s3e3 Under three things the earth trembles, and under four it cannot bear up 0 The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is a poetic device. “There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of these are:”
|
||||
30:22 xv9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a fool when he is filled with food 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fool who has had enough to eat”
|
||||
30:23 dwd5 takes the place of her mistress 0 rules the household
|
||||
30:26 p11p rock badgers 0 an animal with small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail
|
||||
30:28 l4zb lizard 0 a small reptile that has four legs, a long, slender body, and a tail
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30:33 kgm4 churning 0 strongly stirring
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30:33 nj7p butter 0 Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick.
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31:intro dd9p 0 # Proverbs 31 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])\n\n### King Lemuel\n\nThis person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### An acrostic poem\n\nVerse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
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31:2 nw5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows? 0 The rhetorical question **What** could mean: (1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or (2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or (3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.”
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31:2 ag7f my son … son of my womb … son of my vows 0 The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him.
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31:2 ye5f son of my womb 0 The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born.
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31:2 p2hh son of my vows 0 Here, **vows** could mean: (1) the mother’s marriage vows or (2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God.
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@ -2974,7 +3017,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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31:16 fgc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fruit of her hands 0 The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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31:17 vv53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom She dresses herself with strength 0 Putting on clothes is a metonym for preparing for work. Alternate translation: “She prepares herself for hard physical work”
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31:17 fn86 makes her arms strong 0 Alternate translation: “she strengthens her arms by doing her work”
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31:18 d4np perceives 0 sees by looking carefully
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31:18 jpw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all night long her lamp is not extinguished 0 This is probably an exaggeration: she works late into the night, but not from dusk to dawn. Alternate translation: “She burns a lamp through the night as she works” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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31:19 d3iv spindle 0 a thin rod or stick with pointed ends that is used in making thread
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31:20 en6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy reaches out with her hand to poor 0 The hand is a metonym for the help the woman uses her hand to give. Alternate translation: “helps poor”
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@ -2982,13 +3024,13 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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31:21 tt96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy are clothed in scarlet 0 Here “scarlet” does not refer to the color of the cloth, but that the clothing is expensive and warm. Alternate translation: “have expensive, warm clothing”
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31:21 ail4 scarlet 0 The color red, but with a hint of orange.
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31:22 a3x1 linen 0 cloth made of flax yarn
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31:23 ra37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Her husband is known 0 This can be translated in active form. The verb “know” is a metonym for respect. Alternate translation: “People respect her husband” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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31:23 ra37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Her husband is known 0 This can be translated in active form. The verb “know” is a metonym for respect. Alternate translation: “People respect her husband”
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31:23 dbz1 when he sits with the elders of the land 0 to make laws and settle arguments
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31:24 d6wi linen 0 cloth made from flax yarn
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31:24 ghw5 sashes 0 long pieces of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder
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31:25 k3bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor She is clothed with strength and honor 0 Having strength and honor is spoken of as if the woman were wearing them. This can be translated in active form. The abstract nouns “strength” and “honor” can be translated by an adjective and a verb, respectively. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that she is strong, and so they honor her” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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31:25 k3bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor She is clothed with strength and honor 0 Having strength and honor is spoken of as if the woman were wearing them. This can be translated in active form. The abstract nouns “strength” and “honor” can be translated by an adjective and a verb, respectively. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that she is strong, and so they honor her”
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31:25 a29g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole laughs at the time to come 0 This is probably an exaggeration to show that she is not afraid. Alternate translation: “is not afraid of what will happen in the future”
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31:26 lb6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy opens her mouth with wisdom 0 The act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “she speaks wisely” or “she speaks wise words” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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31:26 lb6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy opens her mouth with wisdom 0 The act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “she speaks wisely” or “she speaks wise words”
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31:26 q9jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the law of kindness is on her tongue 0 The phrase “on her tongue” refers to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase “the law of kindness” refers to her teaching people to be kind. Alternate translation: “she teaches people to be kind”
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31:27 uqe6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor watches over the ways of her household 0 The word “ways” refers to the way people live. Alternate translation: “makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God”
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31:27 ynb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom does not eat the bread of idleness 0 To “eat the bread of” something means to do something. Alternate translation: “she is not idle”
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@ -2996,12 +3038,14 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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31:28 hq5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rise up and 0 This could mean: (1) literally “stand up and” or (2) as a metonym, “actively.”
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31:28 lqv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations call her blessed 0 saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “congratulate her” or “say, ‘Yay, Mom!’”
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31:29 fl85 you surpassed 0 Alternate translation: “you have done better than”
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31:30 e8cj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Elegance is deceptive 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **elegance**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/16.md).
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31:30 e8cj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Elegance is deceptive 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **elegance**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in [11:16](../11/16.md).
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31:30 qcq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns beauty is vain 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **beauty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “a woman who is beautiful now will not always be beautiful”
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31:30 k9e4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive she will be praised 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will praise her”
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31:31 df11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fruit of her hands 0 The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:16](./16.md). Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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31:31 df11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fruit of her hands 0 The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [31:16](./16.md). Alternate translation: “the money she has earned”
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31:31 ef6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy let her works praise her in the gates 0 She will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those “in the gates” are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. Alternate translation: “may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done”
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9:3 ugn5 her maids 0
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14:2 c17i in his ways despises him The word “his” refers to the dishonest man and “him” refers to Yahweh.
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25:3 jtp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, so the heart of kings is unsearchable The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. Alternate translation: “Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings”
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17:3 fh66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold 0
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29:6 k8iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him.
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18:2 yp8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy what is in his own heart 0
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