From 87a4166a9ca9c9a97520f17b5ff0316e82576a32 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Larry Sallee Date: Tue, 9 Jul 2019 20:57:38 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] correct mixed ellipses (#1239) --- en_tn_41-MAT.tsv | 74 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------ en_tn_44-JHN.tsv | 36 +++++++++++------------ en_tn_45-ACT.tsv | 18 ++++++------ en_tn_46-ROM.tsv | 10 +++---- en_tn_50-EPH.tsv | 14 ++++----- en_tn_60-JAS.tsv | 6 ++-- en_tn_61-1PE.tsv | 10 +++---- en_tn_62-2PE.tsv | 8 +++--- 8 files changed, 88 insertions(+), 88 deletions(-) diff --git a/en_tn_41-MAT.tsv b/en_tn_41-MAT.tsv index 879a1b0e4e..505c1a908c 100644 --- a/en_tn_41-MAT.tsv +++ b/en_tn_41-MAT.tsv @@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ MAT 1 1 y31w βίβλος γενέσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 The b MAT 1 1 vpg1 Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, υἱοῦ Δαυεὶδ, υἱοῦ Ἀβραάμ 1 Jesus Christ, son of David, son of Abraham There were many generations between Jesus, David, and Abraham. Here “son” means “descendant.” Alternate translation: “Jesus Christ, a descendant of David, who was a descendant of Abraham” MAT 1 1 tka3 υἱοῦ Δαυεὶδ 1 son of David Sometimes the phrase “son of David” is used as a title, but here it seems to be used only to identify Jesus’ ancestry. MAT 1 2 ejp6 Ἀβραὰμ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰσαάκ 1 Abraham became the father of Isaac “Abraham became the father of Isaac” or “Abraham had a son Isaac” or “Abraham had a son named Isaac.” There are different ways you could translate this. Whichever way you translate it here, it would be best to translate it the same way throughout the list of Jesus’ ancestors. -MAT 1 2 mxm2 figs-ellipsis Ἰσαὰκ … ἐγέννησεν … Ἰακὼβ … ἐγέννησεν 1 Isaac became the father ... Jacob became the father Here the word “was” is understood. Alternate translation: “Isaac was the father ... Jacob was the father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -MAT 1 3 g8y6 translate-names Φαρὲς … Ζάρα … Ἑσρώμ … Ἀράμ 1 Perez ... Zerah ... Hezron ... Ram These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -MAT 1 3 t7jg figs-ellipsis Φαρὲς ... ἐγέννησεν … Ἑσρὼμ … ἐγέννησεν 1 Perez became the father ... Hezron became the father Here the word “was” is understood. Alternate translation: “Perez was the father ... Hezron was the father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -MAT 1 4 fe3u figs-ellipsis Ἀμιναδὰβ ... ἐγέννησεν … Ναασσὼν … ἐγέννησεν 1 Amminadab became the father ... Nahshon became the father Here the word “was” is understood. Alternate translation: “Amminadab was the father ... Nahshon was the father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +MAT 1 2 mxm2 figs-ellipsis Ἰσαὰκ ... ἐγέννησεν ... Ἰακὼβ ... ἐγέννησεν 1 Isaac became the father ... Jacob became the father Here the word “was” is understood. Alternate translation: “Isaac was the father ... Jacob was the father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +MAT 1 3 g8y6 translate-names Φαρὲς ... Ζάρα ... Ἑσρώμ ... Ἀράμ 1 Perez ... Zerah ... Hezron ... Ram These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +MAT 1 3 t7jg figs-ellipsis Φαρὲς ... ἐγέννησεν ... Ἑσρὼμ ... ἐγέννησεν 1 Perez became the father ... Hezron became the father Here the word “was” is understood. Alternate translation: “Perez was the father ... Hezron was the father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +MAT 1 4 fe3u figs-ellipsis Ἀμιναδὰβ ... ἐγέννησεν ... Ναασσὼν ... ἐγέννησεν 1 Amminadab became the father ... Nahshon became the father Here the word “was” is understood. Alternate translation: “Amminadab was the father ... Nahshon was the father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) MAT 1 5 yr52 Σαλμὼν ... ἐγέννησεν τὸν Βόες ἐκ τῆς Ῥαχάβ 1 Salmon became the father of Boaz by Rahab “Salmon was the father of Boaz, and Boaz’s mother was Rahab” or “Salmon and Rahab were the parents of Boaz” -MAT 1 5 lj86 figs-ellipsis Βόες ... ἐγέννησεν … Ἰωβὴδ … ἐγέννησεν 1 Boaz became the father ... Obed became the father Here the word “was” is understood. Alternate translation: “Boaz was the father ... Obed was the father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +MAT 1 5 lj86 figs-ellipsis Βόες ... ἐγέννησεν ... Ἰωβὴδ ... ἐγέννησεν 1 Boaz became the father ... Obed became the father Here the word “was” is understood. Alternate translation: “Boaz was the father ... Obed was the father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) MAT 1 5 q5bd Βόες ... ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωβὴδ ἐκ τῆς Ῥούθ 1 Boaz became the father of Obed by Ruth “Boaz was the father of Obed, and Obed’s mother was Ruth” or “Boaz and Ruth were the parents of Obed” -MAT 1 6 r84m figs-ellipsis Δαυεὶδ … ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σολομῶνα ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Οὐρίου 1 David became the father of Solomon by the wife of Uriah Here the word “was” is understood. “David was the father of Solomon, and Solomon’s mother was Uriah’s wife” or “David and the wife of Uriah were the parents of Solomon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +MAT 1 6 r84m figs-ellipsis Δαυεὶδ ... ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σολομῶνα ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Οὐρίου 1 David became the father of Solomon by the wife of Uriah Here the word “was” is understood. “David was the father of Solomon, and Solomon’s mother was Uriah’s wife” or “David and the wife of Uriah were the parents of Solomon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) MAT 1 6 bp35 τῆς τοῦ Οὐρίου 1 the wife of Uriah “the widow of Uriah.” Solomon was born after Uriah died. MAT 1 7 r881 figs-ellipsis Ῥοβοὰμ ... ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀβιά, Ἀβιὰ ... ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀσάφ 1 Rehoboam became the father of Abijah, Abijah became the father of Asa The word “was” is understood in both of these phrases. Alternate translation: “Rehoboam was the father of Abijah, and Abijah was the father of Asa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) MAT 1 10 bh7r τὸν Ἀμώς 1 Amon Sometimes this is translated “Amos.” @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ MAT 1 19 pu3p ἀπολῦσαι αὐτήν 1 to divorce her “cancel their p MAT 1 20 iip4 αὐτοῦ ἐνθυμηθέντος 1 As he thought “As Joseph thought” MAT 1 20 fb7e κατ’ ὄναρ ἐφάνη αὐτῷ 1 appeared to him in a dream “came to him while Joseph was dreaming” MAT 1 20 lc8r υἱὸς Δαυείδ 1 son of David Here “son” means “descendant.” -MAT 1 20 va5e figs-activepassive τὸ … ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν ἐκ Πνεύματός ἐστιν Ἁγίου 1 the one who is conceived in her is conceived by the Holy Spirit This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit caused Mary to become pregnant with this child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +MAT 1 20 va5e figs-activepassive τὸ ... ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν ἐκ Πνεύματός ἐστιν Ἁγίου 1 the one who is conceived in her is conceived by the Holy Spirit This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit caused Mary to become pregnant with this child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MAT 1 21 j38f τέξεται ... υἱὸν 1 She will give birth to a son Because God sent the angel, the angel knew the baby was a boy. MAT 1 21 glq8 καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ 1 you will call his name “you must name him” or “you must give him the name.” This is a command. MAT 1 21 bf5z αὐτὸς γὰρ σώσει 1 for he will save Translator may add a footnote that says “The name ‘Jesus’ means ‘the Lord saves.’” @@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ MAT 2 3 p5rw ἐταράχθη 1 he was troubled “he was worried.” Herod wa MAT 2 3 qu3d figs-metonymy πᾶσα Ἱεροσόλυμα 1 all Jerusalem Here “Jerusalem” refers to the people. Also, “all” means “many.” Matthew is exaggerating to emphasize how many people were worried. Alternate translation: “many of the people in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) MAT 2 4 ne4v 0 General Information: In verse 6, the chief priests and scribes of the people quote the prophet Micah to show that the Christ would be born in Bethlehem. MAT 2 5 w68n ἐν Βηθλέεμ τῆς Ἰουδαίας 1 In Bethlehem of Judea “In the town of Bethlehem in the province of Judea” -MAT 2 5 z2i4 figs-activepassive οὕτως … γέγραπται διὰ τοῦ προφήτου 1 this is what was written by the prophet This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “this is what the prophet wrote long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -MAT 2 6 kmw7 figs-apostrophe σύ Βηθλέεμ … οὐδαμῶς ἐλαχίστη εἶ ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν Ἰούδα 1 you, Bethlehem, ... are not the least among the leaders of Judah Micah was speaking to the people of Bethlehem as if they were with him but they were not. Also, “are not the least” can be translated with a positive phrase. Alternate translation: “you, people of Bethlehem, ... your town is among the most important towns in Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +MAT 2 5 z2i4 figs-activepassive οὕτως ... γέγραπται διὰ τοῦ προφήτου 1 this is what was written by the prophet This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “this is what the prophet wrote long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +MAT 2 6 kmw7 figs-apostrophe σύ Βηθλέεμ ... οὐδαμῶς ἐλαχίστη εἶ ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν Ἰούδα 1 you, Bethlehem, ... are not the least among the leaders of Judah Micah was speaking to the people of Bethlehem as if they were with him but they were not. Also, “are not the least” can be translated with a positive phrase. Alternate translation: “you, people of Bethlehem, ... your town is among the most important towns in Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) MAT 2 6 tg5d figs-metaphor ὅστις ποιμανεῖ τὸν λαόν μου τὸν Ἰσραήλ 1 who will shepherd my people Israel Micah speaks of this ruler as a shepherd. This means he will lead and care for the people. Alternate translation: “who will lead my people Israel as a shepherd leads his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAT 2 7 b487 Ἡρῴδης λάθρᾳ καλέσας τοὺς μάγους 1 Herod secretly called the learned men This means that Herod talked to the learned men without other people knowing. MAT 2 7 tax3 figs-quotations ἠκρίβωσεν παρ’ αὐτῶν τὸν χρόνον τοῦ φαινομένου ἀστέρος 1 to ask them exactly what time the star had appeared This can be translated as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “men, and he asked them, ‘When exactly did this star appear?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ MAT 2 12 dr1p figs-quotations κατ’ ὄναρ μὴ ἀνακάμψαι πρ MAT 2 13 brp5 0 General Information: In verse 15, Matthew quotes the prophet Hosea to show that the Christ would spend time in Egypt. MAT 2 13 iw8p ἀναχωρησάντων ... αὐτῶν 1 after they had departed “the learned men had departed” MAT 2 13 zwj5 φαίνεται κατ’ ὄναρ τῷ Ἰωσὴφ 1 appeared to Joseph in a dream “came to Joseph while he was dreaming” -MAT 2 13 u4a4 figs-you ἐγερθεὶς, παράλαβε … φεῦγε … ἴσθι … σοι 1 Get up, take ... flee ... Remain ... you God is speaking to Joseph, so these should all be singular forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +MAT 2 13 u4a4 figs-you ἐγερθεὶς, παράλαβε ... φεῦγε ... ἴσθι ... σοι 1 Get up, take ... flee ... Remain ... you God is speaking to Joseph, so these should all be singular forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) MAT 2 13 v88f figs-explicit ἕως ἂν εἴπω σοι 1 until I tell you The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “until I tell you it is safe to come back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) MAT 2 13 g3t7 εἴπω σοι 1 I tell you Here “I” refers to God. The angel is speaking for God. MAT 2 15 ft3a figs-explicit ἦν 1 He was It is implied that Joseph, Mary, and Jesus remained in Egypt. Alternate translation: “They remained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ MAT 2 16 dr3r κατὰ τὸν χρόνον 1 according to the time “based o MAT 2 17 q1y9 0 General Information: Matthew quotes the prophet Jeremiah to show that the death of all of the male children in the region of Bethlehem was according to scripture. MAT 2 17 l8g5 figs-activepassive τότε ἐπληρώθη 1 Then was fulfilled This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This fulfilled” or “Herod’s actions fulfilled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MAT 2 17 v6a1 figs-activepassive τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ἰερεμίου τοῦ προφήτου 1 what had been spoken through Jeremiah the prophet This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what the Lord spoke long ago through the prophet Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -MAT 2 18 p9gk φωνὴ ... ἠκούσθη … οὐκ εἰσίν 1 A voice was heard ... they were no more Matthew is quoting the prophet Jeremiah. +MAT 2 18 p9gk φωνὴ ... ἠκούσθη ... οὐκ εἰσίν 1 A voice was heard ... they were no more Matthew is quoting the prophet Jeremiah. MAT 2 18 k91t figs-activepassive φωνὴ ... ἠκούσθη 1 A voice was heard This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People heard a voice” or “There was a loud sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MAT 2 18 zm17 Ῥαχὴλ κλαίουσα τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς 1 Rachel weeping for her children Rachel lived many years before this time. This prophecy shows Rachel, who has died, weeping for her descendants. MAT 2 18 rgg1 figs-activepassive οὐκ ἤθελεν παρακληθῆναι 1 she refused to be comforted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one could comfort her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ MAT 3 3 fl4v figs-activepassive οὗτος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ῥηθεὶ MAT 3 3 hxb6 φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ 1 The voice of one calling out in the wilderness This can be expressed as a sentence. Alternate translation: “The voice of one calling out in the wilderness is heard” or “They hear the sound of someone calling out in the wilderness” MAT 3 3 yhe7 figs-parallelism ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου; εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ 1 Make ready the way of the Lord ... make his paths straight These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) MAT 3 3 y8b5 figs-metaphor ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου 1 Make ready the way of the Lord “Get the road ready for the Lord.” Doing this represents being prepared to hear the Lord’s message when he comes. People do this by repenting of their sins. Alternate translation: “Prepare to hear the Lord’s message when he comes” or “Repent and be ready for the Lord to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -MAT 3 4 j647 writing-background δὲ … μέλι ἄγριον 1 Now ... wild honey The word “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew tells background information about John the Baptist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +MAT 3 4 j647 writing-background δὲ ... μέλι ἄγριον 1 Now ... wild honey The word “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew tells background information about John the Baptist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) MAT 3 4 x7f3 translate-symaction εἶχεν τὸ ἔνδυμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τριχῶν καμήλου καὶ ζώνην δερματίνην περὶ τὴν ὀσφὺν αὐτοῦ 1 wore clothing from camel’s hair and a leather belt around his waist This clothing symbolizes that John is a prophet like the prophets from long ago, especially the prophet Elijah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) MAT 3 5 j8ke figs-metonymy τότε ... Ἱεροσόλυμα, καὶ πᾶσα ἡ Ἰουδαία, καὶ πᾶσα ἡ περίχωρος 1 Then Jerusalem, all Judea, and all the region The words “Jerusalem,” “Judea,” and “the region” are metonyms for the people from those areas. The word “all” is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many people went out. Alternate translation: Then very may people from Jerusalem, Judea, and that region” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) MAT 3 6 v5xn figs-activepassive ἐβαπτίζοντο ... ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 They were baptized by him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “John baptized them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ MAT 3 12 sq4p figs-idiom οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτ MAT 3 12 b5m4 translate-unknown τὸ πτύον 1 winnowing fork This is a tool for tossing wheat up into the air to separate the wheat grain from the chaff. The heavier grain falls back down and the unwanted chaff is blown away by the wind. It is similar in shape to a pitchfork but with wide tines made of wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) MAT 3 12 yw29 διακαθαριεῖ τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ 1 to thoroughly clear off his threshing floor Christ is like a man with a winnowing fork who is ready to clear off his threshing floor. MAT 3 12 r2ua τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ 1 his threshing floor “his ground” or “the ground where he separates the grain from the chaff” -MAT 3 12 av8l figs-metaphor συνάξει τὸν σῖτον αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν ἀποθήκην … τὸ ... ἄχυρον κατακαύσει πυρὶ ἀσβέστῳ 1 to gather his wheat into the storehouse ... he will burn up the chaff with fire that can never be put out This is a metaphor showing how God will separate righteous people from evil people. The righteous will go to heaven like wheat into a farmer’s storehouse, and God will burn the people who are like chaff with a fire that will never be put out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +MAT 3 12 av8l figs-metaphor συνάξει τὸν σῖτον αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν ἀποθήκην ... τὸ ... ἄχυρον κατακαύσει πυρὶ ἀσβέστῳ 1 to gather his wheat into the storehouse ... he will burn up the chaff with fire that can never be put out This is a metaphor showing how God will separate righteous people from evil people. The righteous will go to heaven like wheat into a farmer’s storehouse, and God will burn the people who are like chaff with a fire that will never be put out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAT 3 12 bdb7 figs-activepassive ἀσβέστῳ 1 can never be put out This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will never burn out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MAT 3 13 vl93 0 Connecting Statement: Here the scene shifts to a later time when John the Baptist baptizes Jesus. MAT 3 13 zbj9 figs-activepassive βαπτισθῆναι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 to be baptized by him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so John could baptize him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -176,11 +176,11 @@ MAT 4 intro hgw2 0 # Matthew 04 General Notes
## Structure and formatting< MAT 4 1 k51m 0 General Information: Here Matthew begins a new part of the story in which Jesus spends 40 days in the wilderness, where Satan tempts him. In verse 4, Jesus rebukes Satan with a quotation from Deuteronomy. MAT 4 1 aq3s figs-activepassive ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀνήχθη ... ὑπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματος 1 Jesus was led up by the Spirit This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Spirit led Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MAT 4 1 wy4b figs-activepassive πειρασθῆναι ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου 1 to be tempted by the devil This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so the devil could tempt Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -MAT 4 2 iw2i νηστεύσας … ἐπείνασεν 1 he had fasted ... he was hungry These refer to Jesus. +MAT 4 2 iw2i νηστεύσας ... ἐπείνασεν 1 he had fasted ... he was hungry These refer to Jesus. MAT 4 2 cft7 translate-numbers ἡμέρας τεσσεράκοντα καὶ νύκτας τεσσεράκοντα 1 forty days and forty nights “40 days and 40 nights.” This refers to 24-hour periods. Alternate translation: “40 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) MAT 4 3 vl86 ὁ πειράζων 1 The tempter These words refer to the same being as “the devil” (verse 1). You may have to use the same word to translate both. MAT 4 3 l1lk εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰπὲ 1 If you are the Son of God, command It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. Possible meanings are 1) this is a temptation to do miracles for Jesus’ own benefit. Alternate translation: “You are the Son of God, so you can command” or 2) this is a challenge or accusation. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are the Son of God by commanding” -MAT 4 3 c1ac guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς … τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +MAT 4 3 c1ac guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς ... τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) MAT 4 3 m1va figs-quotations εἰπὲ ἵνα οἱ λίθοι οὗτοι ἄρτοι γένωνται 1 command that these stones become bread. You could translate this with a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “say to these stones, ‘Become bread.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) MAT 4 3 t3xm figs-synecdoche ἄρτοι 1 bread Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) MAT 4 4 fd67 figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 It is written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moses wrote this in the scriptures long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ MAT 4 4 rld7 οὐκ ἐπ’ ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρ MAT 4 4 jl6f figs-metonymy ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ παντὶ ῥήματι ἐκπορευομένῳ διὰ στόματος Θεοῦ 1 but by every word that comes out of the mouth of God Here “word” and “mouth” refer to what God says. Alternate translation: “but by listening to everything that God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) MAT 4 5 r4a5 0 General Information: In verse 6, Satan quotes from the Psalms in order to tempt Jesus. MAT 4 6 fa8l εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, βάλε σεαυτὸν κάτω 1 If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. Possible meanings are 1) this is a temptation to do a miracle for Jesus’ own benefit. Alternate translation: “Since you are truly the Son of God, you can throw yourself down” or 2) this is a challenge or accusation. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are truly the Son of God by throwing yourself down” -MAT 4 6 x2vg guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς … τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +MAT 4 6 x2vg guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς ... τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) MAT 4 6 c5kr βάλε σεαυτὸν κάτω 1 throw yourself down “let yourself fall to the ground” or “jump down” MAT 4 6 a5h2 figs-activepassive γέγραπται γὰρ 1 for it is written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the writer wrote in the scriptures” or “for it says in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MAT 4 6 ebc9 figs-quotations τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ ἐντελεῖται περὶ σοῦ, καὶ 1 ‘He will command his angels to take care of you,’ and “God will command his angels to take care of you, and” This can be translated with a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “God will say to his angels, ‘Take care of him,’ and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ MAT 4 9 eas8 translate-symaction πεσὼν 1 fall down “put your face near t MAT 4 10 s91r 0 General Information: In verse 10, Jesus rebukes Satan with another quotation from Deuteronomy. MAT 4 10 h8fd 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the part of the story about how Satan tempted Jesus. MAT 4 10 k49q figs-activepassive γέγραπται γάρ 1 For it is written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For Moses also wrote in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -MAT 4 10 rig8 figs-you προσκυνήσεις … λατρεύσεις 1 You will worship ... you will serve Both instances of “you” are singular, a command to everyone who hears it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +MAT 4 10 rig8 figs-you προσκυνήσεις ... λατρεύσεις 1 You will worship ... you will serve Both instances of “you” are singular, a command to everyone who hears it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) MAT 4 11 s49z ἰδοὺ 1 behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the important new information that follows. MAT 4 12 v7p4 writing-background 0 General Information: This is the beginning of a new part of the story in which Matthew describes the beginning of Jesus’ ministry in Galilee. These verses explain how Jesus came to be in Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) MAT 4 12 wib2 δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. @@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ MAT 4 13 hpm4 figs-explicit ἐν ὁρίοις Ζαβουλὼν καὶ Νεφ MAT 4 14 n85z 0 General Information: In verses 15 and 16, Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus’ ministry in Galilee was a fulfillment of prophecy. MAT 4 14 jb4p ἵνα 1 This happened This refers to Jesus’ going to live in Capernaum. MAT 4 14 tj7c figs-activepassive τὸ ῥηθὲν 1 what was spoken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what God said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -MAT 4 15 egx6 γῆ Ζαβουλὼν καὶ γῆ Νεφθαλείμ … Γαλιλαία τῶν ἐθνῶν 1 The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali ... Galilee of the Gentiles! These territories describe the same area. +MAT 4 15 egx6 γῆ Ζαβουλὼν καὶ γῆ Νεφθαλείμ ... Γαλιλαία τῶν ἐθνῶν 1 The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali ... Galilee of the Gentiles! These territories describe the same area. MAT 4 15 bmz6 ὁδὸν θαλάσσης 1 toward the sea This is the Sea of Galilee. MAT 4 16 e278 ὁ λαὸς ὁ καθήμενος 1 The people who sat These words can be combined with the sentence beginning with “The land of Zebulun” (verse 15). Alternate translation: “In the territory of Zebulun and Naphtali ... where many Gentiles live, the people who sat” MAT 4 16 h2xr figs-metaphor ὁ λαὸς ὁ καθήμενος ἐν σκοτίᾳ φῶς εἶδεν μέγα 1 The people who sat in darkness have seen a great light Here “darkness” is a metaphor for not knowing the truth about God. And “light” is a metaphor for God’s true message that saves people from their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -224,8 +224,8 @@ MAT 4 19 y3zg δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου 1 Come, follow after me Jesus invi MAT 4 19 n9h3 figs-metaphor ποιήσω ὑμᾶς ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων 1 I will make you fishers of men This metaphor means Simon and Andrew will teach people God’s true message, so others will also follow Jesus. Alternate translation: “I will teach you to gather men to me like you used to gather fish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAT 4 21 pcg6 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus calls more men to be his disciples. MAT 4 21 utn4 ἐκάλεσεν αὐτούς 1 He called them “Jesus called John and James.” This phrase also means that Jesus invited them to follow him, live with him, and become his disciples. -MAT 4 22 dlk3 οἱ … εὐθέως ἀφέντες 1 they immediately left “at that moment they left” -MAT 4 22 gr2i ἀφέντες τὸ πλοῖον … ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ 1 left the boat ... and followed him It should be clear that this is a life change. These men are no longer going to be fishermen and are leaving the family business to follow Jesus for the rest of their lives. +MAT 4 22 dlk3 οἱ ... εὐθέως ἀφέντες 1 they immediately left “at that moment they left” +MAT 4 22 gr2i ἀφέντες τὸ πλοῖον ... ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ 1 left the boat ... and followed him It should be clear that this is a life change. These men are no longer going to be fishermen and are leaving the family business to follow Jesus for the rest of their lives. MAT 4 23 y3qe writing-endofstory 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the part of the story about the beginning of Jesus’ ministry in Galilee. These verses summarize what he did and how the people responded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) MAT 4 23 ztr8 διδάσκων ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς αὐτῶν 1 teaching in their synagogues “teaching in the synagogues of the Galileans” or “teaching in the synagogues of those people” MAT 4 23 jt3m figs-metonymy κηρύσσων τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας 1 preaching the gospel of the kingdom Here “kingdom” refers to God’s reign as king. Alternate translation: “preaching the good news that God will show himself as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -274,29 +274,29 @@ MAT 5 16 qhp8 figs-metaphor λαμψάτω τὸ φῶς ὑμῶν ἔμπρο MAT 5 16 iiu8 τὸν Πατέρα ὑμῶν τὸν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 your Father who is in heaven It is best to translate “Father” with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. MAT 5 17 p63n 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. MAT 5 17 gg3k figs-metonymy τοὺς προφήτας 1 the prophets This refers to what the prophets wrote in the scriptures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -MAT 5 18 lky5 ἀμὴν, … λέγω ὑμῖν 1 truly I say to you “I tell you the truth.” This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. +MAT 5 18 lky5 ἀμὴν, ... λέγω ὑμῖν 1 truly I say to you “I tell you the truth.” This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. MAT 5 18 cv3m figs-merism ἕως ἂν παρέλθῃ ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ 1 until heaven and earth pass away Here “heaven” and “earth” refer to the entire universe. Alternate translation: “as long as the universe lasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) MAT 5 18 ylz6 figs-explicit ἰῶτα ἓν ἢ μία κερέα οὐ μὴ 1 one jot or one tittle will certainly not The jot was the smallest Hebrew letter, and the tittle was a small mark that was the difference between two Hebrew letters. Alternate translation: “not even the smallest written letter or the smallest part of a letter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) MAT 5 18 m5pf figs-activepassive πάντα γένηται 1 all things have been accomplished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all things have happened” or “God causes all things to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MAT 5 18 n77j figs-explicit πάντα 1 all things The phrase “all things” refers to everything in the law. Alternate translation: “everything in the law” or “all that is written in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) MAT 5 19 uxz2 ὃς ἐὰν ... λύσῃ 1 whoever breaks “whoever disobeys” or “whoever ignores” MAT 5 19 k9th μίαν τῶν ἐντολῶν τούτων τῶν ἐλαχίστων 1 the least one of these commandments “any of these commandments, even the least important one” -MAT 5 19 dv5c figs-activepassive ὃς ἐὰν … διδάξῃ οὕτως τοὺς ἀνθρώπους … κληθήσεται 1 teaches others to do so will be called This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if anyone ... teaches others to do so, God will call that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +MAT 5 19 dv5c figs-activepassive ὃς ἐὰν ... διδάξῃ οὕτως τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ... κληθήσεται 1 teaches others to do so will be called This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if anyone ... teaches others to do so, God will call that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MAT 5 19 bg2v figs-metonymy ἐλάχιστος ... ἐν τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 least in the kingdom of heaven The phrase “kingdom of heaven” refers to God’s rule as king. This phrase is found only in Matthew. If possible use “heaven” in your translation. Alternate translation: “the least important in his heavenly kingdom” or “the least important under the rule of our God in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) MAT 5 19 u5kp ποιήσῃ καὶ διδάξῃ 1 keeps them and teaches them “obeys all these commandments and teaches others to do the same” MAT 5 19 nk9n μέγας 1 great most important MAT 5 20 jwm9 λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν 1 For I say to you This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. MAT 5 20 vsc5 figs-you ὑμῖν ... ὑμῶν 1 you ... your ... you will enter These are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -MAT 5 20 l3lv figs-doublenegatives ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ περισσεύσῃ ὑμῶν ἡ δικαιοσύνη … οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθητε 1 that unless your righteousness overflows ... you will certainly not enter This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “that your righteousness must exceed ... Pharisees in order to enter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) +MAT 5 20 l3lv figs-doublenegatives ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ περισσεύσῃ ὑμῶν ἡ δικαιοσύνη ... οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθητε 1 that unless your righteousness overflows ... you will certainly not enter This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “that your righteousness must exceed ... Pharisees in order to enter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) MAT 5 21 x5vy figs-you 0 General Information: Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should and should not do. The “you” is plural in “you have heard” and “I say to you.” The understood “you” is singular in “Do not kill,” but in some languages it may need to be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) MAT 5 21 us5a 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. Here he begins to speak about murder and anger. MAT 5 21 t6k5 figs-activepassive ἐρρέθη τοῖς ἀρχαίοις 1 it was said to them in ancient times This can be expressed with an active verb. Alternate translation: “God said to those who lived long ago” or “Moses said to your ancestors long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MAT 5 21 mij2 figs-explicit ὃς ... ἂν φονεύσῃ, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει 1 Whoever kills will be in danger of the judgment Here “the judgment” implies that a judge will condemn the person to die. Alternate translation: “A judge will condemn anyone who kills another person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -MAT 5 21 y44x φονεύσεις… φονεύσῃ 1 kill ... kills This word refers to murder, not to all forms of killing. +MAT 5 21 y44x φονεύσεις ... φονεύσῃ 1 kill ... kills This word refers to murder, not to all forms of killing. MAT 5 21 r2k4 figs-explicit ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει 1 will be in danger of the judgment It seems here Jesus is not referring to a human judge but rather to God condemning the person who is angry with his brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) MAT 5 22 e9gg ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω 1 But I say Jesus agrees with God and his word, but he does not agree with the way the religious leaders have applied God’s word. The “I” is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. MAT 5 22 d5nl τῷ ἀδελφῷ 1 brother This refers to a fellow believer, not to a literal brother or a neighbor. -MAT 5 22 w721 ῥακά … μωρέ 1 You worthless person ... You fool These are insults for people who cannot think correctly. “Worthless person” is close to “brainless,” where “fool” adds the idea of disobedience to God. +MAT 5 22 w721 ῥακά ... μωρέ 1 You worthless person ... You fool These are insults for people who cannot think correctly. “Worthless person” is close to “brainless,” where “fool” adds the idea of disobedience to God. MAT 5 22 s89d Συνεδρίῳ 1 council This was likely a local council, not the main Sanhedrin in Jerusalem. MAT 5 23 msz4 figs-you προσφέρῃς 1 you are offering Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should or should not do. All occurrences of “you” and “your” are singular, but in some languages they may need to be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) MAT 5 23 r49y προσφέρῃς τὸ δῶρόν σου 1 you are offering your gift “giving your gift” or “bringing your gift” @@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ MAT 5 28 k7sc πρὸς τὸ ἐπιθυμῆσαι αὐτὴν 1 to lust aft MAT 5 28 eqs8 figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 in his heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “in his mind” or “in his thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) MAT 5 29 et3n figs-you εἰ ... σου 1 If your Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should or should not do. All instances of “you” and “your” are singular, but in some langugaes they may need to be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) MAT 5 29 ikp5 figs-metonymy εἰ ... ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ὁ δεξιὸς σκανδαλίζει σε 1 If your right eye causes you to stumble Here “eye” refers to what a person sees. And, “stumble” is a metaphor for “sin.” Alternate translation: “if what you see causes you to stumble” or “if you want to sin because of what you see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -MAT 5 29 mb58 figs-idiom ὁ ὀφθαλμός … ὁ δεξιὸς 1 right eye This means the most important eye, as opposed to the left eye. You may need to translate “right” as “better” or “stronger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +MAT 5 29 mb58 figs-idiom ὁ ὀφθαλμός ... ὁ δεξιὸς 1 right eye This means the most important eye, as opposed to the left eye. You may need to translate “right” as “better” or “stronger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) MAT 5 29 v6jr figs-hyperbole ἔξελε αὐτὸν 1 pluck it out This is an exaggerated command for a person to do whatever he needs to do to stop sinning. It means “forcefully remove it” or “destroy it.” If the right eye is not specifically mentioned, you may need to translate this “destroy your eyes.” If eyes have been mentioned, you may need to translate this “destroy them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) MAT 5 29 zg1v βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ 1 throw it away from you “get rid of it” MAT 5 29 im6u ἀπόληται ἓν τῶν μελῶν σου 1 one of your body parts should perish “you should lose one part of your body” @@ -346,24 +346,24 @@ MAT 5 34 mpk1 ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω 1 But I say Jesus agrees with God and his MAT 5 34 m2n6 μὴ ὀμόσαι ὅλως 1 swear not at all “Do not swear at all” or “Do not swear by anything” MAT 5 34 u7su figs-metaphor θρόνος ἐστὶν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 it is the throne of God Because God reigns from heaven, Jesus speaks of heaven as if it were a throne. Alternate translation: “it is from here that God rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAT 5 35 c8lx 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes his words from verse 34, telling the people not to swear. -MAT 5 35 v2hf μήτε ἐν τῇ γῇ … πόλις ἐστὶν τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλέως 1 nor by the earth ... it is the city of the great King Here Jesus means that when people make a promise or when they say that something is true, they must not swear by anything. Some people were teaching that if a person swears by God that he will do something, then he must do it, but if he swears by something else, such as by heaven or earth, then it is less offensive if he does not do what he swore to do. Jesus says that swearing by heaven or earth or Jerusalem is just as serious as swearing by God because those things all belong to God. +MAT 5 35 v2hf μήτε ἐν τῇ γῇ ... πόλις ἐστὶν τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλέως 1 nor by the earth ... it is the city of the great King Here Jesus means that when people make a promise or when they say that something is true, they must not swear by anything. Some people were teaching that if a person swears by God that he will do something, then he must do it, but if he swears by something else, such as by heaven or earth, then it is less offensive if he does not do what he swore to do. Jesus says that swearing by heaven or earth or Jerusalem is just as serious as swearing by God because those things all belong to God. MAT 5 35 e7z8 figs-metaphor ὑποπόδιόν ἐστιν τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ 1 it is the footstool for his feet This metaphor means the earth also belongs to God. Alternate translation: “it is like a footstool where a king rests his feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAT 5 35 e6zn ὅτι πόλις ἐστὶν τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλέως 1 for it is the city of the great King “for it is the city that belongs to God, the great King” MAT 5 36 kr2d 0 General Information: Previously Jesus told his hearers that God’s throne, footstool, and earthly home are not theirs to swear by. Here he says that they may not swear even by their own heads. MAT 5 36 l9c8 figs-you σου 1 your Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should and should not do. All occurrences of these words are singular, but you may have to translate them as plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) MAT 5 36 z5vu ὀμόσῃς 1 swear This refers to taking an oath. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:34](../05/34.md). -MAT 5 37 tke6 ἔστω … ὁ λόγος ὑμῶν, ναὶ ναί, οὒ οὔ 1 let your speech be ‘Yes, yes,’ or ‘No, no.’ “if you mean ‘yes,’ say ‘yes,’ and if you mean ‘no,’ say ‘no.’” +MAT 5 37 tke6 ἔστω ... ὁ λόγος ὑμῶν, ναὶ ναί, οὒ οὔ 1 let your speech be ‘Yes, yes,’ or ‘No, no.’ “if you mean ‘yes,’ say ‘yes,’ and if you mean ‘no,’ say ‘no.’” MAT 5 38 quy6 figs-you 0 General Information: Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should and should not do. The “you” is plural in “you have heard” and “I say to you.” The “you” in “whoever strikes you” and the understood “you” in “turn to him” are both singular, but in some languages they may need to be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) MAT 5 38 s39u 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. Here he begins to speak about retaliating against an enemy. MAT 5 38 zar1 figs-activepassive ὅτι ἐρρέθη 1 that it was said This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:27](../05/27.md). Alternate translation: “that God said” or “that Moses said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MAT 5 38 w53l ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ ὀφθαλμοῦ καὶ ὀδόντα ἀντὶ ὀδόντος 1 eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth The law of Moses allowed a person to harm a person in the same way he had harmed him, but he could not harm him worse. MAT 5 39 x2y9 ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω 1 But I say Jesus agrees with God and his word, but he does not agree with the way the religious leaders have applied God’s word. The “I” is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. MAT 5 39 qrx1 τῷ πονηρῷ 1 the evil person “an evil person” or “someone who harms you” -MAT 5 39 ec5y ῥαπίζει … τὴν δεξιὰν σιαγόνα 1 strikes ... your right cheek To strike the side of a man’s face was an insult in Jesus’ culture. As with the eye and the hand, the right cheek is the more important one, and striking that cheek was a terrible insult. +MAT 5 39 ec5y ῥαπίζει ... τὴν δεξιὰν σιαγόνα 1 strikes ... your right cheek To strike the side of a man’s face was an insult in Jesus’ culture. As with the eye and the hand, the right cheek is the more important one, and striking that cheek was a terrible insult. MAT 5 39 d5xg ῥαπίζει 1 strikes hits with the back of an open hand MAT 5 39 wz54 στρέψον αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην 1 turn to him the other also “let him hit your other cheek also” MAT 5 40 gr2x figs-you 0 General Information: Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should and should not do. All occurrences of “you” and “your” are singular, including the understood “you” in the commands “let,” “go,” “give,” and “do not turn away.” In some languages they may need to be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -MAT 5 40 t9f4 τὸν χιτῶνά … ἱμάτιον 1 coat ... cloak The “coat” was worn close to the body, like a heavy shirt or a sweater. The “cloak,” the more valuable of the two, was worn over the “coat” for warmth and also used as a blanket for warmth at night. +MAT 5 40 t9f4 τὸν χιτῶνά ... ἱμάτιον 1 coat ... cloak The “coat” was worn close to the body, like a heavy shirt or a sweater. The “cloak,” the more valuable of the two, was worn over the “coat” for warmth and also used as a blanket for warmth at night. MAT 5 40 p5m2 ἄφες αὐτῷ καὶ τὸ ἱμάτιον 1 let that person also have “give also to that person” MAT 5 41 i867 figs-explicit ὅστις 1 Whoever “Anyone who.” The context implies that he is speaking about a Roman soldier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) MAT 5 41 i86s μίλιον ἕν 1 one mile This is one thousand paces, which is the distance a Roman soldier could legally force someone to carry something for him. If “mile” is confusing, it can be translated as “one kilometer” or “a distance.” @@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ MAT 6 13 l8u6 figs-abstractnouns μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς MAT 6 14 ns3m figs-you 0 General Information: All instances of “you” and “your” are plural. However, Jesus is telling them what will happen to them as individuals if each person does not forgive others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) MAT 6 14 z79a figs-abstractnouns τὰ παραπτώματα αὐτῶν 1 their trespasses The abstract noun “trespasses” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “when they trespass against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) MAT 6 14 v7ne guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Πατὴρ 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -MAT 6 15 pi3z figs-abstractnouns τοῖς ἀνθρώποις … τὰ παραπτώματα ὑμῶν 1 their trespasses ... your trespasses The abstract noun “trespasses” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “when they trespass against you ... when you trespass against God” or “when they do things that harm you ... when you do things that make your Father angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +MAT 6 15 pi3z figs-abstractnouns τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ... τὰ παραπτώματα ὑμῶν 1 their trespasses ... your trespasses The abstract noun “trespasses” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “when they trespass against you ... when you trespass against God” or “when they do things that harm you ... when you do things that make your Father angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) MAT 6 16 j7xg figs-you 0 General Information: Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should or should not do. In verse 16 all occurences of “you” are plural. In verses 17 and 18 where Jesus teaches them how to behave when they fast, all occurrences of “you” and “your” are singular. In some languages those occurences of “you” may also need to be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) MAT 6 16 q19r 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to teach about fasting. MAT 6 16 xv6b ἀφανίζουσιν ... τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν 1 they disfigure their faces The hypocrites would not wash their faces or comb their hair. They did this purposely to draw attention to themselves so that people would see them and give them honor for fasting. @@ -438,12 +438,12 @@ MAT 6 19 enl6 βρῶσις 1 rust a brown substance that forms on metals MAT 6 20 v5tn figs-metaphor θησαυρίζετε ... ὑμῖν θησαυροὺς ἐν οὐρανῷ 1 store up for yourselves treasures in heaven This is a metaphor that means do good things on earth so God will reward you in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAT 6 21 b74q figs-metonymy ἐκεῖ ἔσται καὶ ἡ καρδία σου 1 there will your heart be also Here “heart” means a person’s thoughts and interests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) MAT 6 22 g215 figs-you 0 General Information: Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should or should not do. The instances of “you” and “your” are all singular, but in some languages they may need to be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -MAT 6 22 sbl1 figs-metaphor ὁ λύχνος τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν ὁ ὀφθαλμός … φωτεινὸν ἔσται 1 The eye is the lamp of the body ... is filled with light This compares healthy eyes that allow a person to see to diseased eyes that cause a person to be blind. This is a metaphor referring to spiritual health. Often Jewish people used the phrase “bad eye” to refer to greed. The meaning is that if a person is completely devoted to God and sees or considers things the way God does, then he is doing what is right. If a person is greedy for more, then he is doing what is evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +MAT 6 22 sbl1 figs-metaphor ὁ λύχνος τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν ὁ ὀφθαλμός ... φωτεινὸν ἔσται 1 The eye is the lamp of the body ... is filled with light This compares healthy eyes that allow a person to see to diseased eyes that cause a person to be blind. This is a metaphor referring to spiritual health. Often Jewish people used the phrase “bad eye” to refer to greed. The meaning is that if a person is completely devoted to God and sees or considers things the way God does, then he is doing what is right. If a person is greedy for more, then he is doing what is evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAT 6 22 r4d1 figs-metaphor ὁ λύχνος τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν ὁ ὀφθαλμός 1 The eye is the lamp of the body This metaphor means the eyes allow a person to see just as a lamp helps a person see in the dark. Alternate translation: “Like a lamp, the eye allows you to see things clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAT 6 22 u47q ὀφθαλμός 1 eye You may have to translate this as plural, “eyes.” -MAT 6 23 dl86 figs-metaphor ἐὰν δὲ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου … ἐστίν τὸ σκότος πόσον 1 But if your eye ... how great is that darkness This compares healthy eyes that allow a person to see to diseased eyes that cause a person to be blind. This is a metaphor referring to spiritual health. Often Jewish people used the phrase “bad eye” to refer to greed. The meaning is that if a person is completely devoted to God and sees or considers things the way God does, then he is doing what is right. If a person is greedy for more, then he is doing what is evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -MAT 6 23 p231 figs-metaphor ἐὰν … ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου πονηρὸς ᾖ 1 if your eye is bad This does not refer to magic. Jewish people often used this as a metaphor for someone who is greedy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -MAT 6 23 n42m εἰ … τὸ φῶς τὸ ἐν σοὶ σκότος, ἐστίν τὸ σκότος πόσον 1 if the light that is in you is actually darkness, how great is that darkness! “if that which is supposed to cause light in your body causes darkness, then your body is in complete darkness” +MAT 6 23 dl86 figs-metaphor ἐὰν δὲ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ... ἐστίν τὸ σκότος πόσον 1 But if your eye ... how great is that darkness This compares healthy eyes that allow a person to see to diseased eyes that cause a person to be blind. This is a metaphor referring to spiritual health. Often Jewish people used the phrase “bad eye” to refer to greed. The meaning is that if a person is completely devoted to God and sees or considers things the way God does, then he is doing what is right. If a person is greedy for more, then he is doing what is evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +MAT 6 23 p231 figs-metaphor ἐὰν ... ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου πονηρὸς ᾖ 1 if your eye is bad This does not refer to magic. Jewish people often used this as a metaphor for someone who is greedy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +MAT 6 23 n42m εἰ ... τὸ φῶς τὸ ἐν σοὶ σκότος, ἐστίν τὸ σκότος πόσον 1 if the light that is in you is actually darkness, how great is that darkness! “if that which is supposed to cause light in your body causes darkness, then your body is in complete darkness” MAT 6 24 ijn3 figs-parallelism ἢ γὰρ τὸν ἕνα μισήσει καὶ τὸν ἕτερον ἀγαπήσει, ἢ ἑνὸς ἀνθέξεται καὶ τοῦ ἑτέρου καταφρονήσει 1 for either he will hate the one and love the other, or else he will be devoted to one and despise the other Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that a person cannot love and be devoted both to God and money at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) MAT 6 24 zt2u οὐ δύνασθε Θεῷ δουλεύειν καὶ μαμωνᾷ 1 You cannot serve God and wealth “You cannot love God and money at the same time” MAT 6 25 s5uy figs-you 0 General Information: Here the instances of “you” and “your” are all plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) @@ -458,12 +458,12 @@ MAT 6 27 fr8g figs-rquestion τίς δὲ ἐξ ὑμῶν μεριμνῶν δ MAT 6 27 kub4 translate-bdistance πῆχυν ἕνα 1 one cubit A cubit is a measure of a little less than half a meter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) MAT 6 28 erj8 figs-rquestion περὶ ἐνδύματος τί μεριμνᾶτε? 1 Why are you anxious about clothing? Jesus uses a question to teach the people. Alternate translation: “You should not be worried about what you will wear.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) MAT 6 28 cs99 καταμάθετε 1 Think about “Consider” -MAT 6 28 him2 figs-personification τὰ κρίνα … αὐξάνουσιν; οὐ κοπιῶσιν οὐδὲ νήθουσιν 1 the lilies ... They do not work, and they do not spin cloth Jesus speaks about the lilies as if they were people who wore clothes. The lilies being clothed is a metaphor for the plants having beautiful and colorful flowers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +MAT 6 28 him2 figs-personification τὰ κρίνα ... αὐξάνουσιν; οὐ κοπιῶσιν οὐδὲ νήθουσιν 1 the lilies ... They do not work, and they do not spin cloth Jesus speaks about the lilies as if they were people who wore clothes. The lilies being clothed is a metaphor for the plants having beautiful and colorful flowers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAT 6 28 t16l translate-unknown κρίνα 1 lilies A lily is a kind of wild flower. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) MAT 6 29 n75l figs-personification οὐδὲ Σολομὼν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ περιεβάλετο ὡς ἓν τούτων 1 not even Solomon ... was clothed like one of these Jesus speaks about the lilies as if they were people who wore clothes. The lilies being clothed is a metaphor for the plants having beautiful and colorful flowers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAT 6 29 np9e λέγω ... ὑμῖν 1 I say to you This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. MAT 6 29 sqg8 figs-activepassive περιεβάλετο ὡς ἓν τούτων 1 was clothed like one of these This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “did not wear clothes that are as beautiful as these lilies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -MAT 6 30 z5lh figs-personification τὸν χόρτον τοῦ ἀγροῦ … οὕτως 1 so clothes the grass in the fields Jesus continues to speak about the lilies as if they were people who wore clothes. The lilies being clothed is a metaphor for the plants having beautiful and colorful flowers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +MAT 6 30 z5lh figs-personification τὸν χόρτον τοῦ ἀγροῦ ... οὕτως 1 so clothes the grass in the fields Jesus continues to speak about the lilies as if they were people who wore clothes. The lilies being clothed is a metaphor for the plants having beautiful and colorful flowers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAT 6 30 uf36 χόρτον 1 grass If your language has a word that includes “grass” and the word you used for “lilies” in the previous verse, you can use it here. MAT 6 30 m23l figs-activepassive εἰς κλίβανον βαλλόμενον 1 is thrown into the oven The Jews at that time used grass in their fires to cook their food. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone throws it into a fire” or “someone burns it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MAT 6 30 cd8w figs-rquestion ἀμφιέννυσιν, οὐ πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς, ὀλιγόπιστοι? 1 will he not clothe you much more, you of little faith? Jesus uses this question to teach the people that God will provide what they need. Alternate translation: “he will certainly clothe you ... faith.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/en_tn_44-JHN.tsv b/en_tn_44-JHN.tsv index c2fc79952a..fb8172e13d 100644 --- a/en_tn_44-JHN.tsv +++ b/en_tn_44-JHN.tsv @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ JHN 3 7 lpj4 δεῖ ὑμᾶς γεννηθῆναι ἄνωθεν 1 You must JHN 3 8 p87y figs-personification τὸ πνεῦμα ὅπου θέλει, πνεῖ 1 The wind blows wherever it wishes In the source language, wind and Spirit are the same word. The speaker here refers to the wind as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit is like a wind that blows wherever it wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JHN 3 9 g4ji figs-rquestion πῶς δύναται ταῦτα γενέσθαι 1 How can these things be? This question adds emphasis to the statement. Alternate translation: “This cannot be!” or “This is not able to happen!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JHN 3 10 gw2h figs-rquestion σὺ εἶ ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ταῦτα οὐ γινώσκεις 1 Are you a teacher of Israel, and yet you do not understand these things? Jesus knows that Nicodemus is a teacher. He is not looking for information. Alternate translation: “You are a teacher of Israel, so I am surprised you do not understand these things!” or “You are a teacher of Israel, so you should understand these things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -JHN 3 10 gbu5 σὺ εἶ ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ … οὐ γινώσκεις 1 Are you a teacher ... yet you do not understand The word “you” is singular and refers to Nicodemus. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you) +JHN 3 10 gbu5 σὺ εἶ ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ... οὐ γινώσκεις 1 Are you a teacher ... yet you do not understand The word “you” is singular and refers to Nicodemus. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you) JHN 3 11 j1k1 οὐ λαμβάνετε 1 you do not accept The word “you” is plural and refers to Jews in general. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you) JHN 3 11 jt1f ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν 1 Truly, truly Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md). JHN 3 11 upi7 figs-exclusive λαλοῦμεν 1 we speak When Jesus said “we,” he was not including Nicodemus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ JHN 3 33 g5x4 ἐσφράγισεν 1 has confirmed “proves” or “agrees JHN 3 34 db8m 0 Connecting Statement: John the Baptist finishes speaking. JHN 3 34 rr83 ὃν γὰρ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ Θεὸς 1 For the one whom God has sent “This Jesus, whom God has sent to represent him” JHN 3 34 bnx8 οὐ γὰρ ἐκ μέτρου δίδωσιν τὸ Πνεῦμα 1 For he does not give the Spirit by measure “For he is the one to whom God gave all the power of his Spirit” -JHN 3 35 hmk4 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατὴρ … Υἱόν 1 Father ... Son These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +JHN 3 35 hmk4 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατὴρ ... Υἱόν 1 Father ... Son These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 3 35 ha4e figs-idiom δέδωκεν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ 1 given ... into his hand This means to be put in his power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JHN 3 36 u1ks ὁ πιστεύων 1 He who believes “A person who believes” or “Anyone who believes” JHN 3 36 zy7u ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ μένει ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 the wrath of God stays on him The abstract noun “wrath” can be translated with the verb “punish.” Alternate translation: “God will continue to punish him” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) @@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ JHN 5 18 n8bh ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν τῷ Θεῷ 1 making himse JHN 5 19 f2qp 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders. JHN 5 19 rr9q ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν 1 Truly, truly Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md). JHN 5 19 x9sl guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ἃ γὰρ ἂν ἐκεῖνος ποιῇ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ... ποιεῖ 1 whatever the Father is doing, the Son does these things also. Jesus, as the Son of God, followed and obeyed his Father’s leadership on earth, because Jesus knew the Father loved him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -JHN 5 19 iuc7 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς … Πατέρα 1 Son ... Father These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +JHN 5 19 iuc7 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς ... Πατέρα 1 Son ... Father These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 5 20 zlr7 ὑμεῖς θαυμάζητε 1 you will be amazed “you will be surprised” or “you will be shocked” JHN 5 20 t3b4 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ γὰρ Πατὴρ φιλεῖ τὸν Υἱὸν 1 For the Father loves the Son Jesus, as the Son of God, followed and obeyed his Father’s leadership on earth, because Jesus knew the Father loved him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 5 20 x8ac φιλεῖ 1 loves The kind of love that comes from God is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. God himself is love and is the source of true love. @@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ JHN 5 25 gtu6 ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν 1 Truly, truly Translate this the way your JHN 5 25 s23d guidelines-sonofgodprinciples οἱ νεκροὶ ἀκούσουσιν τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ οἱ ἀκούσαντες ζήσουσιν 1 the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live The voice of Jesus, the Son of God, will raise dead people from the grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 5 25 d81y guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 5 26 p6ub guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ ἔχει ζωὴν ἐν ἑαυτῷ, οὕτως καὶ τῷ Υἱῷ ἔδωκεν ζωὴν, ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτῷ 1 For just as the Father has life in himself, so he has also given to the Son so that he has life in himself The word “For” marks a comparison. The Son of God has the power to give life, just as the Father does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -JHN 5 26 x136 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατὴρ … Υἱῷ 1 Father ... Son These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +JHN 5 26 x136 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατὴρ ... Υἱῷ 1 Father ... Son These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 5 26 f5vq ζωὴν 1 life This means spiritual life. JHN 5 27 g58f guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς Ἀνθρώπου 1 Son of Man These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 5 27 pr1c ἐξουσίαν ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ κρίσιν ποιεῖν 1 the Father has given the Son authority to carry out judgment The Son of God has the authority of God the Father to judge. @@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ JHN 6 23 w7qu writing-background ἦλθεν πλοῖα ἐκ Τιβεριάδ JHN 6 24 cql6 0 General Information: The people go to Capernaum to find Jesus. When they see him, they start asking him questions. JHN 6 26 f8j4 ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν 1 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md). JHN 6 27 czb3 ζωὴν αἰώνιον, ἣν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ὑμῖν δώσει; τοῦτον γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐσφράγισεν ὁ Θεός 1 eternal life which the Son of Man will give you, for God the Father has set his seal on him God the Father has given his approval to Jesus, the Son of Man, to give eternal life to those who believe in him. -JHN 6 27 b94w guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ... ὁ Πατὴρ … ὁ Θεός 1 Son of Man ... God the Father These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +JHN 6 27 b94w guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ... ὁ Πατὴρ ... ὁ Θεός 1 Son of Man ... God the Father These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 6 27 gf9q figs-metaphor τοῦτον ... ἐσφράγισεν 1 has set his seal on him To “set a seal” on something means to place a mark on it to show to whom it belongs. This means that the Son belongs to the Father and that the Father approves of him in every way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JHN 6 31 gye7 οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν 1 Our fathers “Our forefathers” or “Our ancestors” JHN 6 31 jz9p τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 heaven This refers to the place where God lives. @@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ JHN 7 4 f33j figs-metonymy τῷ κόσμῳ 1 the world Here “the world” is JHN 7 5 mz2b writing-background οὐδὲ γὰρ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ ἐπίστευον εἰς αὐτὸν 1 For even his brothers did not believe in him This sentence is a break from the main story line as John tells us some background information about the brothers of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) JHN 7 5 bs7f οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ 1 his brothers “his younger brothers” JHN 7 6 n5bj figs-metonymy ὁ καιρὸς ὁ ἐμὸς οὔπω πάρεστιν 1 My time has not yet come The word “time” is a metonym. Jesus is implying that it is not the right time for him to bring his ministry to a close. Alternate translation: “It is not the right time for me to end my work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -JHN 7 6 shs9 ὁ … καιρὸς ὁ ὑμέτερος πάντοτέ ἐστιν ἕτοιμος 1 your time is always ready “any time is good for you” +JHN 7 6 shs9 ὁ ... καιρὸς ὁ ὑμέτερος πάντοτέ ἐστιν ἕτοιμος 1 your time is always ready “any time is good for you” JHN 7 7 h7kv figs-metonymy οὐ δύναται ὁ κόσμος μισεῖν ὑμᾶς 1 The world cannot hate you Here the “world” is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: “All the people in the world cannot hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JHN 7 7 e5hq ἐγὼ μαρτυρῶ περὶ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ πονηρά ἐστιν 1 I testify about it that its works are evil “I tell them that what they are doing is evil” JHN 7 8 pt7f 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to his brothers. @@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ JHN 8 16 xnn5 ἐὰν κρίνω ... ἐγώ 1 if I judge Possible meanings ar JHN 8 16 jb2f ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμὴ ἀληθινή ἐστιν 1 my judgment is true Possible meanings are 1) “my judgment will be right” or 2) “my judgment is right.” JHN 8 16 emx1 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples μόνος οὐκ εἰμί, ἀλλ’ ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πέμψας με Πατήρ 1 I am not alone, but I am with the Father who sent me Jesus, the Son of God, has authority because of his special relationship with his Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 8 16 ev1r figs-explicit μόνος οὐκ εἰμί 1 I am not alone The implied information is that Jesus is not alone in his judgment. Alternate translation: “I am not alone in how I judge” or “I do not judge alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -JHN 8 16 f6nu ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ … Πατήρ 1 I am with the Father The Father and the Son judge together. Alternate translation: “the Father also judges with me” or “the Father judges as I do” +JHN 8 16 f6nu ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ ... Πατήρ 1 I am with the Father The Father and the Son judge together. Alternate translation: “the Father also judges with me” or “the Father judges as I do” JHN 8 16 r7dx guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ ... Πατήρ 1 the Father This is an important title for God. If your language must state whose Father this is, you could say “my Father” since Jesus switches to that in the following verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 8 17 uvc6 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to the Pharisees and other people about himself. JHN 8 17 i1sl καὶ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ δὲ τῷ ὑμετέρῳ 1 Yes, and in your law The word “Yes” shows that Jesus is adding to what he was saying before. @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ JHN 8 36 w3q1 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ἐὰν ... ὁ Υἱὸς ὑμᾶ JHN 8 37 p4xm 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to the Jews. JHN 8 37 ph1q figs-metonymy ὁ λόγος ὁ ἐμὸς οὐ χωρεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν 1 my word has no place in you Here “word” is a metonym for the “teachings” or “message” of Jesus, which the Jewish leaders do not accept. Alternate translation: “you do not accept my teachings” or “you do not allow my message to change your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JHN 8 38 m62y ἃ ἐγὼ ἑώρακα παρὰ τῷ Πατρὶ, λαλῶ 1 I say what I have seen with my Father “I am telling you about the things I saw when I was with my Father” -JHN 8 38 f9yu καὶ ὑμεῖς … ἃ ἠκούσατε παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς, ποιεῖτε 1 you also do what you heard from your father The Jewish leaders do not understand that by “your father” Jesus is referring to the devil. Alternate translation: “you also continue doing what your father has told you to do” +JHN 8 38 f9yu καὶ ὑμεῖς ... ἃ ἠκούσατε παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς, ποιεῖτε 1 you also do what you heard from your father The Jewish leaders do not understand that by “your father” Jesus is referring to the devil. Alternate translation: “you also continue doing what your father has told you to do” JHN 8 39 qp2r ὁ πατὴρ 1 father forefather JHN 8 40 s615 τοῦτο Ἀβραὰμ οὐκ ἐποίησεν 1 Abraham did not do this “Abraham never tried to kill anyone who told him the true revelation from God” JHN 8 41 i87r figs-explicit ὑμεῖς ποιεῖτε τὰ ἔργα τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν 1 You do the works of your father Jesus implies that their father is the devil. Alternate translation: “No! You are doing the things that your real father did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ JHN 10 35 m8ji figs-metaphor ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐγένετο 1 JHN 10 35 u9j2 οὐ δύναται λυθῆναι ἡ Γραφή 1 the scripture cannot be broken Possible meanings are 1) “no one can change the scripture” or 2) “the scripture will always be true.” JHN 10 36 dvp5 figs-rquestion ὃν ὁ Πατὴρ ἡγίασεν καὶ ἀπέστειλεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ὑμεῖς λέγετε, ὅτι βλασφημεῖς, ὅτι εἶπον, Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰμι 1 do you say to him whom the Father set apart and sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of God’? Jesus used this question to rebuke his opponents for saying that he was blaspheming when he called himself “the Son of God.” Alternate translation: “you should not say to the very one whom the Father set apart to send into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ when I say that I am the Son of God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JHN 10 36 fj9f βλασφημεῖς 1 You are blaspheming “You are insulting God.” Jesus’ opponents understood that when said that he is the Son of God, he was implying that he is equal with God. -JHN 10 36 rax1 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατὴρ … Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Father ... Son of God These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +JHN 10 36 rax1 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατὴρ ... Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Father ... Son of God These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 10 37 wyd2 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes responding to the Jews. JHN 10 37 us7v guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατρός 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 10 37 vk1v πιστεύετέ μοι 1 believe me Here the word “believe” means to accept or trust what Jesus said is true. @@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ JHN 13 1 a1w4 ἀγαπήσας 1 loved This is the kind of love that comes fro JHN 13 2 xn6r figs-idiom τοῦ διαβόλου ἤδη βεβληκότος εἰς τὴν καρδίαν, ἵνα παραδοῖ αὐτὸν Ἰούδας, Σίμωνος Ἰσκαριώτης 1 the devil had already put it into the heart of Judas Iscariot son of Simon, to betray Jesus The phrase “put it into the heart” is an idiom that means to cause someone to think about something. Alternate translation: “the devil had already caused Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, to think about betraying Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JHN 13 3 u3vn writing-background 0 Connecting Statement: Verse 3 continues to tell us background information about what Jesus knew. The action in the story begins in verse 4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) JHN 13 3 fd2t guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατὴρ 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -JHN 13 3 x8hc figs-metonymy πάντα δέδωκεν αὐτῷ … εἰς τὰς χεῖρας 1 had given everything over into his hands Here “his hands” is a metonym for power and authority. Alternate translation: “had given him complete power and authority over everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JHN 13 3 x8hc figs-metonymy πάντα δέδωκεν αὐτῷ ... εἰς τὰς χεῖρας 1 had given everything over into his hands Here “his hands” is a metonym for power and authority. Alternate translation: “had given him complete power and authority over everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JHN 13 3 a6qj ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἐξῆλθεν καὶ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ὑπάγει 1 he had come from God and was going back to God Jesus had always been with the Father, and would return there after his work on earth was finished. JHN 13 4 t7cu ἐγείρεται ἐκ τοῦ δείπνου καὶ τίθησιν τὰ ἱμάτια 1 He got up from dinner and took off his outer clothing Because the region was very dusty, it was customary for the host of a dinner to provide a servant to wash the feet of the guests. Jesus took off his outer clothing so he would look like a servant. JHN 13 5 s1pc ἤρξατο νίπτειν τοὺς πόδας τῶν μαθητῶν 1 began to wash the feet of the disciples Because the region was very dusty, it was customary for the host of a dinner to provide a servant to wash the feet of the guests. Jesus did the work of the servant by washing the disciples’ feet. @@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ JHN 14 12 h2rh ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ 1 believes in me This mean JHN 14 12 cn14 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατέρα 1 Father This is an important title that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 14 13 n2id figs-metonymy ὅ τι ἂν αἰτήσητε ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου 1 Whatever you ask in my name Here “name” is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: “Whatever you ask, using my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JHN 14 13 i138 figs-activepassive ἵνα δοξασθῇ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ 1 so that the Father will be glorified in the Son You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “so I can show everyone how great my Father is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -JHN 14 13 j6nh guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατὴρ … Υἱῷ 1 Father ... Son These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +JHN 14 13 j6nh guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατὴρ ... Υἱῷ 1 Father ... Son These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 14 14 sgk6 figs-metonymy ἐάν τι αἰτήσητέ με ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου, ἐγὼ ποιήσω 1 If you ask me anything in my name, I will do it Here “name” is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: “If you ask me anything as one of my followers, I will do it” or “Whatever you ask of me, I will do it because you belong to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JHN 14 16 tu1e Παράκλητον 1 Comforter This refers to the Holy Spirit. JHN 14 17 sc6r Πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας 1 Spirit of truth This refers to the Holy Spirit who teaches people what is true about God. @@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ JHN 16 26 cy76 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατέρα 1 Father This is an im JHN 16 27 scs2 αὐτὸς ... ὁ Πατὴρ φιλεῖ ὑμᾶς, ὅτι ὑμεῖς ἐμὲ πεφιλήκατε 1 the Father himself loves you because you have loved me When a person loves Jesus, the Son, they also love the Father, because the Father and Son are one. JHN 16 27 b49q guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ἐγὼ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐξῆλθον 1 I came from the Father Here “Father” is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 16 28 xn2v ἐξῆλθον παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς, καὶ ἐλήλυθα εἰς τὸν κόσμον; πάλιν ἀφίημι τὸν κόσμον, καὶ πορεύομαι πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα 1 I came from the Father ... I am leaving the world and I am going to the Father After his death and resurrection, Jesus will return to God the Father. -JHN 16 28 wyz7 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ἐξῆλθον παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς … πορεύομαι πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα 1 I came from the Father ... going to the Father Here “Father” is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +JHN 16 28 wyz7 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ἐξῆλθον παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς ... πορεύομαι πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα 1 I came from the Father ... going to the Father Here “Father” is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) JHN 16 28 l3zb figs-metonymy κόσμον 1 world The “world” is a metonym that refers to the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JHN 16 29 h725 0 Connecting Statement: The disciples respond to Jesus. JHN 16 31 c8cu figs-rquestion ἄρτι πιστεύετε 1 Do you believe now? This remarks appears in the form of a question to show that Jesus is puzzled that his disciples are only now ready to trust him. Alternate translation: “So, now you finally place your trust in me! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -1200,8 +1200,8 @@ JHN 17 intro nb2a 0 # John 17 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
## Structure and formatting

Many scholars view verses 12-17 as some of the most important, but difficult, verses in Scripture to understand. Some of their richness and meaning has likely been lost while being translated from how the original Greek was constructed.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Results of justification
How Paul explains the results of our being justified is an important part of this chapter. These results include having peace with God, having access to God, being confident about our future, being able to rejoice when suffering, being eternally saved, and being reconciled with God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])

### “All sinned”
Scholars are divided over what Paul meant in verse 12: “And death spread to all people, because all sinned.” Some believe that all of mankind was present in the “seed of Adam.” So, as Adam is the father of all mankind, all of mankind was present when Adam sinned. Others believe that Adam served as a representative head for mankind. So when he sinned, all of mankind “fell” as a result. Whether people today played an active or passive role in Adam’s original sin is one way these views differ. Other passages will help one decide. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/seed]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

### The second Adam
Adam was the first man and the first “son” of God. He was created by God. He brought sin and death into the world by eating the forbidden fruit. Paul describes Jesus as the “second Adam” in this chapter and the true son of God. He brings life and overcame sin and death by dying on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]])
ROM 5 1 xmp3 0 Connecting Statement: Paul begins to tell many different things that happen when God makes believers right with him. ROM 5 1 age4 δικαιωθέντες οὖν 1 Since we are justified “Because we are justified” -ROM 5 1 s6xd figs-inclusive ... ἡμῶν 1 we ... our All occurrences of “we” and “our” refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +ROM 5 1 s6xd figs-inclusive ... ἡμῶν 1 we ... our All occurrences of “we” and “our” refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) ROM 5 1 p11y διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 through our Lord Jesus Christ “because of our Lord Jesus Christ” ROM 5 1 me59 τοῦ Κυρίου 1 Lord Here “Lord” means that Jesus is God. ROM 5 2 du8b δι’ οὗ καὶ τὴν προσαγωγὴν ἐσχήκαμεν, τῇ πίστει εἰς τὴν χάριν ταύτην, ἐν ᾗ ἑστήκαμεν 1 Through him we also have our access by faith into this grace in which we stand Here “by faith” refers to our trust in Jesus, which allows us to stand before God. Alternate translation: “Because we trust in Jesus, God allows us to come into his presence” ROM 5 3 q5p7 οὐ μόνον δέ 1 Not only this The word “this” refers to the ideas described in [Romans 5:1-2](./01.md). -ROM 5 3 u14f figs-inclusive καυχώμεθα ... 1 we ... our ... We These words refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +ROM 5 3 u14f figs-inclusive καυχώμεθα ... 1 we ... our ... We These words refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) ROM 5 4 sx5f ἐλπίδα 1 certain hope This is the certainty that God will fulfill all his promises for those who trust in Christ. ROM 5 5 i8pd figs-inclusive ἡμῶν ... ἡμῖν 1 our ... us These words refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) ROM 5 5 pp1n figs-personification ἡ ... ἐλπὶς οὐ καταισχύνει 1 that hope does not disappoint Paul uses personification here as he speaks of “confidence” as if it were alive. Alternate translation: “we are very confident that we will receive the things that we wait for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ ROM 9 27 zqi1 κράζει 1 cries out “calls out” ROM 9 27 k9j8 figs-simile ὡς ἡ ἄμμος τῆς θαλάσσης 1 as the sand of the sea Here Paul compares the number of the people of Israel to the number of grains of sand in the sea. Alternate translation: “too many to count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ROM 9 27 wig1 figs-activepassive σωθήσεται 1 will be saved Paul uses the word “saved” in a spiritual sense. If God saves a person, it means that through believing in Jesus’ death on the cross, God has forgiven him and rescued him from being punished for his sin. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God will save” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ROM 9 28 cm32 λόγον ... ποιήσει Κύριος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς 1 the Lord will carry out his sentence on the earth Here “sentence” refers to how he has decided to punish people. Alternate translation: “the Lord will punish people on the earth according to how he has said” -ROM 9 29 dl9x figs-inclusive ἡμῖν ...ν ἐγενήθημεν 1 us ... we Here the words “us” and “we” refer to Isaiah and those to whom he spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +ROM 9 29 dl9x figs-inclusive ἡμῖν ... ν ἐγενήθημεν 1 us ... we Here the words “us” and “we” refer to Isaiah and those to whom he spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) ROM 9 29 tk2e figs-explicit ὡς Σόδομα ἂν ἐγενήθημεν, καὶ ὡς Γόμορρα ἂν ὡμοιώθημεν 1 we would be like Sodom, and we would have become like Gomorrah God killed all of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah because of their sin. Alternate translation: “we all would have been destroyed like the people of Sodom and Gomorrah” or “God would have destroyed all of us, like he destroyed the cities of Sodom and Gommorah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ROM 9 30 m5l2 figs-rquestion τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν 1 What will we say then? Paul uses this question to get the attention of his readers. Alternate translation: “This is what we must say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ROM 9 30 ki4k ὅτι ἔθνη 1 That the Gentiles “We will say that the Gentiles” @@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ ROM 11 18 gqd6 figs-metaphor μὴ κατακαυχῶ τῶν κλάδων 1 do ROM 11 18 llz1 figs-metaphor οὐ σὺ τὴν ῥίζαν βαστάζεις, ἀλλὰ ἡ ῥίζα σέ 1 it is not you who supports the root, but the root that supports you Again Paul implies that the Gentile believers are branches. God saves them only because of the covenant promises that he made to the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ROM 11 19 mm6w figs-metaphor ἐξεκλάσθησαν κλάδοι 1 Branches were broken off Here “branches” refers to the Jews who rejected Jesus and whom God has now rejected. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God broke branches off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ROM 11 19 p9ti figs-metaphor ἐγὼ ἐνκεντρισθῶ 1 I might be grafted in Paul uses this phrase to refer to the Gentile believers whom God has accepted. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “he might attach me in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -ROM 11 20 puj9 ... ἐξεκλάσθησαν 1 their ... they The pronouns “their” and “they” refer to the Jewish people who did not believe. +ROM 11 20 puj9 ... ἐξεκλάσθησαν 1 their ... they The pronouns “their” and “they” refer to the Jewish people who did not believe. ROM 11 20 v2ua figs-metaphor σὺ δὲ τῇ πίστει ἕστηκας 1 but you stand firm because of your faith Paul speaks of the Gentile believers remaining faithful as if they were standing firm and no one could move them. Alternate translation: “but you remain because of your faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ROM 11 21 f6i7 figs-metaphor εἰ γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς τῶν κατὰ φύσιν κλάδων οὐκ ἐφείσατο, οὐδὲ σοῦ φείσεται 1 For if God did not spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you Here the “natural branches” refers to the Jewish people who rejected Jesus. Alternate translation: “Since God did not spare those unbelieving Jews, who grew up like a tree’s natural branches that came from the root, then know, if you do not believe, he will not spare you either (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ROM 11 22 xdm3 χρηστότητα καὶ ἀποτομίαν Θεοῦ 1 the kind actions and the severity of God Paul is reminding the Gentile believers that although God may act very kindly toward them, he will not hesitate to judge and punish them. diff --git a/en_tn_50-EPH.tsv b/en_tn_50-EPH.tsv index 69eadff155..cd6d25dd96 100644 --- a/en_tn_50-EPH.tsv +++ b/en_tn_50-EPH.tsv @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ EPH 2 12 sti2 figs-metaphor ξένοι τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπα EPH 2 13 quq4 νυνὶ δὲ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 But now in Christ Jesus Paul is marking a contrast between the Ephesians before they believed in Christ and after they believed in Christ. EPH 2 13 uf8m figs-metaphor ὑμεῖς οἵ ποτε ὄντες μακρὰν, ἐγενήθητε ἐγγὺς ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 you who once were far away from God have been brought near by the blood of Christ Not belonging to God due to sin is spoken of as being far away from God. Belonging to God because of the blood of Christ is spoken of as being brought near to God. Alternate translation: “you who once did not belong to God now belong to God because of the blood of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 2 13 tth1 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 by the blood of Christ The blood of Christ is a metonym for his death. Alternate translation: “by Christ’s death” or “when Christ died for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EPH 2 14 ue4u αὐτὸς … ἐστιν ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν 1 he is our peace “Jesus gives us his peace” +EPH 2 14 ue4u αὐτὸς ... ἐστιν ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν 1 he is our peace “Jesus gives us his peace” EPH 2 14 ccy8 figs-inclusive ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν 1 our peace The word “our” refers to Paul and his readers and so is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) EPH 2 14 t9zn ὁ ποιήσας τὰ ἀμφότερα ἓν 1 He made the two one “He made the Jews and Gentiles one” EPH 2 14 t6rd figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ σαρκὶ αὐτοῦ 1 By his flesh The words “his flesh,” his physical body, are a metonym for his body dying. Alternate translation: “By the death of his body on the cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ EPH 3 6 i4h7 διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 through the gospel Possibl EPH 3 8 y97f figs-metaphor ἀνεξιχνίαστον 1 unsearchable unable to be completely known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 3 8 e96z figs-metaphor πλοῦτος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 riches of Christ Paul speaks of the truth about Christ and the blessings he brings as if they were material wealth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 3 9 f2zp figs-activepassive τοῦ μυστηρίου, τοῦ ἀποκεκρυμμένου ἀπὸ τῶν αἰώνων ἐν τῷ Θεῷ, τῷ τὰ πάντα κτίσαντι 1 the mystery hidden for ages in God who created all things This can be stated in active form. “God, who created all things, kept this plan hidden for long ages in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EPH 3 10 q62l γνωρισθῇ ... ταῖς ἀρχαῖς καὶ ταῖς ἐξουσίαις ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις … ἡ πολυποίκιλος σοφία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places would come to know the many-sided nature of the wisdom of God “God will make his great wisdom known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places through the Church” +EPH 3 10 q62l γνωρισθῇ ... ταῖς ἀρχαῖς καὶ ταῖς ἐξουσίαις ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις ... ἡ πολυποίκιλος σοφία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places would come to know the many-sided nature of the wisdom of God “God will make his great wisdom known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places through the Church” EPH 3 10 elh2 figs-doublet ταῖς ἀρχαῖς καὶ ταῖς ἐξουσίαις 1 rulers and authorities These words share similar meanings. Paul uses them together to emphasize that every spiritual being will know God’s wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EPH 3 10 z7vy ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις 1 in the heavenly places “in the supernatural world.” The word “heavenly” refers to the place where God is. See how this is translated in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md). EPH 3 10 ll77 figs-metaphor ἡ πολυποίκιλος σοφία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the many-sided nature of the wisdom of God God’s complex wisdom (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ EPH 4 3 pi5c τηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πνεύματος EPH 4 4 x5kv figs-metaphor ἓν σῶμα 1 one body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 4 4 y6ep ἓν Πνεῦμα 1 one Spirit “only one Holy Spirit” EPH 4 4 b9mr figs-activepassive ἐκλήθητε ἐν μιᾷ ἐλπίδι τῆς κλήσεως ὑμῶν 1 you were called in one certain hope of your calling This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God called you to have one confident hope in your calling” or “there is one thing that God also chose you to be confident in and expect him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EPH 4 6 bz5i Πατὴρ πάντων ... ἐπὶ πάντων … διὰ πάντων … ἐν πᾶσιν 1 Father of all ... over all ... through all ... and in all The word “all” here means “everything.” +EPH 4 6 bz5i Πατὴρ πάντων ... ἐπὶ πάντων ... διὰ πάντων ... ἐν πᾶσιν 1 Father of all ... over all ... through all ... and in all The word “all” here means “everything.” EPH 4 7 pp9t 0 General Information: The quote here is from a song that King David wrote. EPH 4 7 i4za 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds believers of the gifts that Christ gives believers to use in the church, which is the whole body of believers. EPH 4 7 u2bw figs-activepassive ἑνὶ ... κάστῳ ἡμῶν ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις 1 To each one of us grace has been given This can be stated using an active form. Alternate translation: “God has given grace to each one of us” or “God gave a gift to each believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ EPH 4 14 ndj2 figs-metaphor κλυδωνιζόμενοι καὶ περιφερ EPH 4 14 r3bj ἐν τῇ κυβίᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἐν πανουργίᾳ πρὸς τὴν μεθοδίαν τῆς πλάνης 1 by the trickery of people in their deceitful schemes “by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies” EPH 4 15 zw32 figs-metaphor εἰς αὐτὸν ... ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλή 1 into him who is the head Paul uses the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 4 15 i2ff ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love “as the members love one another” -EPH 4 16 ll7f figs-metaphor ἐξ οὗ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα … τὴν αὔξησιν τοῦ σώματος ποιεῖται εἰς οἰκοδομὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 Christ builds the whole body ... makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love Paul uses the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EPH 4 16 ll7f figs-metaphor ἐξ οὗ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα ... τὴν αὔξησιν τοῦ σώματος ποιεῖται εἰς οἰκοδομὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 Christ builds the whole body ... makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love Paul uses the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 4 16 l5r6 διὰ πάσης ἁφῆς τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας 1 by every supporting ligament A “ligament” is a strong band that connects bones or organs in place in the body. EPH 4 17 n5cy 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells them what they should no longer do now that they as believers are sealed by the Holy Spirit of God. EPH 4 17 ksr8 τοῦτο οὖν λέγω καὶ μαρτύρομαι ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 Therefore, I say and insist on this in the Lord “Because what I have just said, I will say something more to strongly encourage you because we all belong to the Lord” @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ EPH 4 21 hy7r figs-irony εἴ γε αὐτὸν ἠκούσατε καὶ ἐν EPH 4 21 b3pn figs-activepassive ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε 1 you were taught in him Possible meanings are 1) “Jesus’ people have taught you” or 2) “someone has taught you because you are Jesus’ people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EPH 4 21 gdz6 καθώς ἐστιν ἀλήθεια ἐν τῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 as the truth is in Jesus “as everything about Jesus is true” EPH 4 22 h1ha figs-metaphor ἀποθέσθαι ὑμᾶς κατὰ τὴν προτέραν ἀναστροφὴν 1 to put off what belongs to your former manner of life Paul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. Alternate translation: “to stop living according to your former manner of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EPH 4 22 j7n7 figs-metaphor ἀποθέσθαι … τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 to put off the old man Paul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. Alternate translation: “to stop living as your former self did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EPH 4 22 j7n7 figs-metaphor ἀποθέσθαι ... τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 to put off the old man Paul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. Alternate translation: “to stop living as your former self did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 4 22 d3j6 τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 old man The “old man” refers to the “old nature” or “former self.” EPH 4 22 qw3d figs-metaphor τὸν φθειρόμενον κατὰ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ἀπάτης 1 that is corrupt because of its deceitful desires Paul speaks of the sinful human nature as if it were a dead body falling apart in its grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 4 23 jy7h figs-activepassive ἀνανεοῦσθαι ... τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν 1 to be renewed in the spirit of your minds This may be translated with an active form. Alternate translation: “to allow God to change your attitudes and thoughts” or “to allow God to give you new attitudes and thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ EPH 4 30 pgk9 figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ ἐσφραγίσθητε εἰς ἡμέ EPH 4 31 b72p 0 Connecting Statement: Paul finishes his instructions on what believers should not do and ends with what they must do. EPH 4 31 v576 figs-metaphor πᾶσα πικρία, καὶ θυμὸς, καὶ ὀργὴ ... ἀρθήτω 1 Put away all bitterness, rage, anger “Put away” here is a metaphor for not continuing to have certain attitudes or behaviors. Alternate translation: “You must not allow these things to be part of your life: bitterness, rage, anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 4 31 t1gj θυμὸς 1 rage intense anger -EPH 4 32 ygw4 γίνεσθε … χρηστοί 1 Be kind “Instead, be kind” +EPH 4 32 ygw4 γίνεσθε ... χρηστοί 1 Be kind “Instead, be kind” EPH 4 32 w7tk εὔσπλαγχνοι 1 tenderhearted being gentle and compassionate towards others EPH 5 intro tdd2 0 # Ephesians 05 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verse 14.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Inheritance of the kingdom of Christ
This is difficult to understand. Some scholars believe those who continue to practice these things will not inherit eternal life. But God can forgive all the sins listed in this verse. So immoral, impure, or greedy people can still receive eternal life if they repent and believe in Jesus. A more natural reading is “No person who is sexually immoral or indecent, or who is greedy (for this is the same as worshiping idols) will be among God’s people over whom Christ rules as king.” (UST) (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Wives, submit to your husbands
Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage.
EPH 5 1 wus5 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues to tell the believers how they should and should not live as God’s children. @@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ EPH 5 19 v9ay figs-doublet ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς 1 spiritual so EPH 5 19 v3ql figs-metonymy τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν 1 with all your heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or inner being. The phrase “with all your heart” means to do something with enthusiasm. Alternate translation: “with all of your being” or “enthusiastically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EPH 5 20 e6w5 ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ “because you belong to our Lord Jesus Christ” or “as people who belong to our Lord Jesus Christ” EPH 5 22 isd7 0 Connecting Statement: Paul begins to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to one another ([Ephesians 5:21](../05/21.md)). He starts with instructions to wives and husbands on how they should act toward each other. -EPH 5 23 x637 figs-metaphor κεφαλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς … κεφαλὴ τῆς ἐκκλησίας 1 the head of the wife ... the head of the church The word “head” represents the leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EPH 5 23 x637 figs-metaphor κεφαλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς ... κεφαλὴ τῆς ἐκκλησίας 1 the head of the wife ... the head of the church The word “head” represents the leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 5 25 sx8d 0 General Information: Here the words “himself” and “he” refer to Christ. The word “her” refers to the church. EPH 5 25 sm9e ἀγαπᾶτε τὰς γυναῖκας 1 love your wives Here “love” refers to unselfish serving or giving love to wives. EPH 5 25 i24y ἑαυτὸν παρέδωκεν 1 gave himself up “allowed people to kill him” diff --git a/en_tn_60-JAS.tsv b/en_tn_60-JAS.tsv index c9b8bfcf71..7e124529cb 100644 --- a/en_tn_60-JAS.tsv +++ b/en_tn_60-JAS.tsv @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ JAS 1 23 r6pp figs-ellipsis καὶ οὐ ποιητής 1 but not a doer The wo JAS 1 23 pw5x figs-simile οὗτος ἔοικεν ἀνδρὶ κατανοοῦντι τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐσόπτρῳ 1 he is like a man who examines his natural face in a mirror A person who hears God’s word is like someone who looks in the mirror. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JAS 1 23 shn9 τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ 1 his natural face The word “natural” clarifies that James is using the ordinary meaning of the word “face.” Alternate translation: “his face” JAS 1 24 wu34 figs-explicit καὶ ἀπελήλυθεν, καὶ εὐθέως ἐπελάθετο ὁποῖος ἦν 1 then goes away and immediately forgets what he was like It is implied that though he may see that he needs to do something, such as wash his face or fix his hair, he walks away and forgets to do it. This what a person who does not obey God’s word is like. Alternate translation: “then goes away and immediately forgets to do what he saw he needed to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -JAS 1 25 kvr7 figs-simile ὁ ...παρακύψας εἰς νόμον τέλειον 1 the person who looks carefully into the perfect law This expression continues the image of the law as a mirror. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +JAS 1 25 kvr7 figs-simile ὁ ... παρακύψας εἰς νόμον τέλειον 1 the person who looks carefully into the perfect law This expression continues the image of the law as a mirror. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JAS 1 25 sf8k figs-explicit νόμον τέλειον, τὸν τῆς ἐλευθερίας 1 the perfect law of freedom The relationship between the law and freedom can be expressed clearly. Here “freedom” probably refers to freedom from sin. Alternate translation: “the perfect law that gives freedom” or “the perfect law that makes those who follow it free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JAS 1 25 jku1 figs-activepassive οὗτος μακάριος ἐν τῇ ποιήσει αὐτοῦ ἔσται 1 this man will be blessed in his actions This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless this man as he obeys the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JAS 1 26 j1bg δοκεῖ θρησκὸς εἶναι 1 thinks himself to be religious “thinks he worships God correctly” @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ JAS 2 1 kab4 ἀδελφοί μου 1 My brothers James considers his audience JAS 2 1 qs2x figs-metaphor ἔχετε τὴν πίστιν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 hold to faith in our Lord Jesus Christ Believing in Jesus Christ is spoken of as if it were an object that one could hold onto. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JAS 2 1 x32n figs-inclusive τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 our Lord Jesus Christ The word “our” includes James and his fellow believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) JAS 2 1 en1c προσωπολημψίαις 1 favoritism toward certain people the desire to help some people more than others -JAS 2 2 h5uh figs-hypo ἐὰν ...ἀνὴρ 1 Suppose that someone James starts to describe a situation where the believers might give more honor to a rich person than to a poor person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +JAS 2 2 h5uh figs-hypo ἐὰν ... ἀνὴρ 1 Suppose that someone James starts to describe a situation where the believers might give more honor to a rich person than to a poor person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JAS 2 2 j8d5 χρυσοδακτύλιος, ἐν ἐσθῆτι λαμπρᾷ 1 wearing gold rings and fine clothes “dressed like a wealthy person” JAS 2 3 zx9f σὺ κάθου ὧδε καλῶς 1 sit here in a good place sit in this place of honor JAS 2 3 ce14 σὺ στῆθι ἐκεῖ 1 stand over there move to a place with less honor @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ JAS 2 8 q9hh νόμον τελεῖτε βασιλικὸν 1 fulfill the royal JAS 2 8 ymf5 ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν 1 You shall love your neighbor as yourself James is quoting from the book of Leviticus. JAS 2 8 gll2 τὸν πλησίον σου 1 your neighbor “all people” or “everyone” JAS 2 8 b9wu καλῶς ποιεῖτε 1 you do well “you are doing well” or “you are doing what is right” -JAS 2 9 xt6y εἰ ...προσωπολημπτεῖτε 1 if you favor “give special treatment to” or “give honor to” +JAS 2 9 xt6y εἰ ... προσωπολημπτεῖτε 1 if you favor “give special treatment to” or “give honor to” JAS 2 9 cq5h ἁμαρτίαν ἐργάζεσθε 1 committing sin “sinning.” That is, breaking the law. JAS 2 9 gl2e figs-personification ἐλεγχόμενοι ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου ὡς παραβάται 1 convicted by the law as lawbreakers Here the law is spoken of as if it were a human judge. Alternate translation: “guilty of breaking God’s law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JAS 2 10 l29g ὅστις γὰρ ... τηρήσῃ 1 For whoever obeys “For anyone who obeys” diff --git a/en_tn_61-1PE.tsv b/en_tn_61-1PE.tsv index d81695f3a4..880f02a38f 100644 --- a/en_tn_61-1PE.tsv +++ b/en_tn_61-1PE.tsv @@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1PE 1 intro ql4i 0 # 1 Peter 01 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Peter formally introduces this letter in verses 1-2. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 1:24-25.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### What God reveals

When Jesus comes again, everyone will see how good God’s people were to have faith in Jesus. Then God’s people will see how gracious God has been to them, and all people will praise both God and his people.

### Holiness

God wants his people to be holy because God is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])

### Eternity

Peter tells Christians to live for things that will last forever and not to live for the things of this world, which will end. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Paradox

A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Peter writes that his readers are glad and sad at the same time ([1 Peter 1:6](./06.md)). He can say this because they are sad because they are suffering, but they are glad because they know that God will save them “in the last time” ([1 Peter 1:5](./05.md))
1PE 1 1 g6b4 0 General Information: Peter identifies himself as the writer and identifies and greets the believers to whom he is writing. 1PE 1 1 u3zc figs-metaphor παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς 1 the foreigners of the dispersion Peter speaks of his readers as people who live away from their homes in many different countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -1PE 1 1 qkl8 Καππαδοκίας … Βιθυνίας 1 Cappadocia ... Bithynia Along with the other places that Peter mentions, “Cappadocia” and “Bithynia” were Roman provinces located in what is now the country of Turkey. +1PE 1 1 qkl8 Καππαδοκίας ... Βιθυνίας 1 Cappadocia ... Bithynia Along with the other places that Peter mentions, “Cappadocia” and “Bithynia” were Roman provinces located in what is now the country of Turkey. 1PE 1 1 cf7b ἐκλεκτοῖς 1 the chosen ones “the ones whom God the Father has chosen.” God has chosen them according to his own foreknowledge. 1PE 1 2 a3gd κατὰ πρόγνωσιν Θεοῦ Πατρός 1 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father “according to his own foreknowledge” 1PE 1 2 ba1h figs-abstractnouns πρόγνωσιν Θεοῦ Πατρός 1 the foreknowledge of God the Father The abstract noun “foreknowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Possible meanings are 1) God had determined what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father decided previously” or 2) God knew what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father knew beforehand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 1PE 1 2 i9kf figs-metonymy ῥαντισμὸν αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 for the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ Here “the blood” refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus’ death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1PE 1 2 z7df figs-abstractnouns χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη 1 May grace be to you, and may your peace increase This passage speaks of grace as if it were an object that believers could possess, and of peace as if it were something that could increase in amount. Of course, grace is in reality the kind way God acts toward believers, and peace is how believers live in safety and joy with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 1PE 1 3 y6aq 0 General Information: Peter begins to talk about the believers’ salvation and faith. Here he elaborates on a metaphor in which what God promises to do for all believers is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he passes on to them. -1PE 1 3 cyf6 figs-inclusive τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ … ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς 1 our Lord Jesus Christ ... has given us new birth The words “our” and “us” refer to Peter and those to whom he is writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +1PE 1 3 cyf6 figs-inclusive τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ... ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς 1 our Lord Jesus Christ ... has given us new birth The words “our” and “us” refer to Peter and those to whom he is writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 1PE 1 3 c92y ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς 1 he has given us new birth “he has caused us to be born again” 1PE 1 4 b2zy figs-abstractnouns εἰς κληρονομίαν 1 This is for an inheritance You can translate this using a verb. Alternate translation: “We confidently expect to receive an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 1PE 1 4 cy1g figs-metaphor κληρονομίαν 1 inheritance Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1PE 2 4 ihq2 ὃν ... λίθον ζῶντα 1 who is a living stone Possible meanings are 1) “who is a stone that is alive” or 2) “who is a stone that gives life.” 1PE 2 4 e8sy figs-activepassive ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων μὲν ἀποδεδοκιμασμένον 1 that has been rejected by people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that people have rejected” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1PE 2 4 a438 figs-activepassive παρὰ δὲ Θεῷ ἐκλεκτὸν 1 but that has been chosen by God This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but that God has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -1PE 2 5 z11h figs-metaphor καὶ αὐτοὶ … οἰκοδομεῖσθε, οἶκος πνευματικὸς 1 You also are ... being built up to be a spiritual house Just as people used stones to build the temple in the Old Testament, believers are the materials that God is using to build a house in which he will live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +1PE 2 5 z11h figs-metaphor καὶ αὐτοὶ ... οἰκοδομεῖσθε, οἶκος πνευματικὸς 1 You also are ... being built up to be a spiritual house Just as people used stones to build the temple in the Old Testament, believers are the materials that God is using to build a house in which he will live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1PE 2 5 g33x figs-simile καὶ αὐτοὶ ὡς λίθοι ζῶντες 1 You also are like living stones Peter compares his readers to stones that are alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 1PE 2 5 v3jw figs-activepassive οἰκοδομεῖσθε, οἶκος πνευματικὸς 1 that are being built up to be a spiritual house This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that God is building into a spiritual house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1PE 2 5 i4bn figs-metonymy ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον ἀνενέγκαι πνευματικὰς θυσίας 1 a holy priesthood that offers the spiritual sacrifices Here the position of priesthood stands for the priests who fulfill its duties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1PE 2 6 klv2 figs-explicit λίθον, ἀκρογωνιαῖον ἐκλεκτὸν ἔντιμον 1 a cornerstone, chosen and valuable God is the one who chose the stone. Alternate translation: “a most important cornerstone, which I have chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1PE 2 6 xsx8 figs-metaphor λίθον, ἀκρογωνιαῖον 1 a cornerstone The prophet speaks of the Messiah as the most important stone in a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1PE 2 7 ze1c 0 Connecting Statement: Peter continues quoting from the scriptures. -1PE 2 7 uu3j figs-metaphor λίθος ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν … ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας 1 the stone that was rejected ... has become the head of the corner This is a metaphor that means people, like builders, rejected Jesus, but God has made him the most important stone in a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +1PE 2 7 uu3j figs-metaphor λίθος ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν ... ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας 1 the stone that was rejected ... has become the head of the corner This is a metaphor that means people, like builders, rejected Jesus, but God has made him the most important stone in a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1PE 2 7 i4jl figs-activepassive λίθος ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες 1 the stone that was rejected by the builders This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the stone that the builders rejected” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1PE 2 7 ql12 κεφαλὴν γωνίας 1 the head of the corner This refers to the most important stone in a building and means basically the same thing as “cornerstone” in [1 Peter 2:6](../02/06.md). 1PE 2 8 ptx5 figs-explicit λίθος προσκόμματος, καὶ πέτρα σκανδάλου 1 A stone of stumbling and a rock that makes them fall These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that people will take offense at this “stone,” which refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “a stone or a rock over which people will stumble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1PE 4 17 c8ke figs-rquestion εἰ δὲ πρῶτον ἀφ’ ἡμῶν, τί τὸ τέλος τῶν ἀπειθούντων τῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ εὐαγγελίῳ 1 If it begins with us, what will be the outcome for those who do not obey God’s gospel? Peter use this question to emphasize that God’s judgment will be more severe for people who reject the gospel than for believers. Alternate translation: “If it begins with us, the outcome for those who do not obey God’s gospel will be much worse.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1PE 4 17 z9zc τί τὸ τέλος τῶν ἀπειθούντων 1 what will be the outcome for those “what will happen to those” 1PE 4 17 l3db τῶν ἀπειθούντων τῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ εὐαγγελίῳ 1 those who do not obey God’s gospel “those who do not believe God’s gospel.” Here the word “obey” means to believe. -1PE 4 18 w8ke figs-rquestion ὁ δίκαιος … ὁ ἀσεβὴς καὶ ἁμαρτωλὸς ποῦ φανεῖται 1 the righteous ... what will become of the ungodly and the sinner? Peter use this question to emphasize that sinners will suffer much more than believers do. Alternate translation: “the righteous man ... the outcome will be much worse for the ungodly and the sinner.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +1PE 4 18 w8ke figs-rquestion ὁ δίκαιος ... ὁ ἀσεβὴς καὶ ἁμαρτωλὸς ποῦ φανεῖται 1 the righteous ... what will become of the ungodly and the sinner? Peter use this question to emphasize that sinners will suffer much more than believers do. Alternate translation: “the righteous man ... the outcome will be much worse for the ungodly and the sinner.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1PE 4 18 ms54 ὁ ἀσεβὴς καὶ ἁμαρτωλὸς ποῦ φανεῖται 1 what will become of the ungodly and the sinner “what will happen to the ungodly and the sinner” 1PE 4 18 t762 figs-activepassive εἰ ὁ δίκαιος μόλις σῴζεται 1 If it is difficult for the righteous to be saved Here the word “saved” refers to final salvation when Christ returns. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If the righteous person experiences many difficulties before God saves him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1PE 4 18 wb4v figs-doublet ὁ ἀσεβὴς καὶ ἁμαρτωλὸς 1 the ungodly and the sinner The words “ungodly” and “sinner” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the wickedness of these people. Alternate translation: “ungodly sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) diff --git a/en_tn_62-2PE.tsv b/en_tn_62-2PE.tsv index 5288f8a303..2346a27f72 100644 --- a/en_tn_62-2PE.tsv +++ b/en_tn_62-2PE.tsv @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2PE 2 4 uzy2 figs-metaphor σειροῖς ζόφου 1 in chains of lower darkness Possible meanings are 1) “in chains in a very dark place” or 2) “in very deep darkness that imprisons them like chains.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2PE 2 4 c2ak εἰς κρίσιν 1 until the judgment This refers to the day of judgment when God will judge every person. 2PE 2 5 hpv7 figs-metonymy ἀρχαίου κόσμου οὐκ ἐφείσατο 1 he did not spare the ancient world Here the word “world” refers to the people who lived in it. Alternate translation: “he did not spare the people who lived in the ancient world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -2PE 2 5 iw5v ὄγδοον, Νῶε … ἐφύλαξεν 1 he preserved Noah ... along with seven others God did not destroy Noah and seven other people when he destroyed the rest of the people who lived in the ancient world. +2PE 2 5 iw5v ὄγδοον, Νῶε ... ἐφύλαξεν 1 he preserved Noah ... along with seven others God did not destroy Noah and seven other people when he destroyed the rest of the people who lived in the ancient world. 2PE 2 6 gp3e πόλεις Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρας τεφρώσας 1 reduced the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to ashes “burned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah with fire until only ashes remained” 2PE 2 6 reg3 καταστροφῇ κατέκρινεν 1 condemned them to destruction Here the word “them” refers to Sodom and Gomorrah and the people who lived in them. 2PE 2 6 hgt7 ὑπόδειγμα μελλόντων ἀσεβέσιν 1 as an example of what is to happen to the ungodly Sodom and Gomorrah serve as an example and a warning of what will happen to others who disobey God. @@ -115,10 +115,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2PE 2 18 nks3 figs-explicit τοὺς ὀλίγως ἀποφεύγοντας τοὺς ἐν πλάνῃ ἀναστρεφομένους 1 people who try to escape from those who live in error This phrase refers to people who recently became believers. The phrase “those who live in error” refers to unbelievers who still live in sin. Alternate translation: “people who try to live rightly, instead of living sinfully as they used to and as other people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2PE 2 18 jec8 figs-metaphor τοὺς ὀλίγως ἀποφεύγοντας 1 people who try to escape Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they are slaves to sin who need to be released from their captivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2PE 2 19 uyw6 figs-metaphor ἐλευθερίαν αὐτοῖς ἐπαγγελλόμενοι, αὐτοὶ δοῦλοι ὑπάρχοντες τῆς φθορᾶς 1 They promise freedom to them, but they themselves are slaves of corruption “Freedom” here is an idiom for the ability to live exactly as one wants. Alternate translation: “They promise to give them the ability to live exactly as they want to live, but they themselves cannot escape their own sinful desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2PE 2 19 v5tt figs-metaphor ἐλευθερίαν ... ἐπαγγελλόμενοι … δοῦλοι ... τῆς φθορᾶς 1 promise freedom ... slaves of corruption Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they are slaves to sin who need to be released from their captivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +2PE 2 19 v5tt figs-metaphor ἐλευθερίαν ... ἐπαγγελλόμενοι ... δοῦλοι ... τῆς φθορᾶς 1 promise freedom ... slaves of corruption Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they are slaves to sin who need to be released from their captivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2PE 2 19 b79v figs-metaphor ᾧ γάρ τις ἥττηται, τούτῳ δεδούλωται 1 For a man is a slave to whatever overcomes him Peter speaks of a person as a slave when anything has control over that person, and that thing as the master of that person. Alternate translation: “For if something has control over a person, that person becomes like a slave to that thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2PE 2 20 d6ra 0 Connecting Statement: The words “they” and “them” refer to the false teachers Peter speaks of in verses 12-19. -2PE 2 20 q96i εἰ ... ἀποφυγόντες … δὲ πάλιν ἐμπλακέντες ἡττῶνται, γέγονεν … τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων 1 If they have escaped ... and are again entangled ... and overcome, the last state has become worse ... than the first This sentence is a description of a conditional statement that is true. The false teachers had at one time “escaped,” but if they are again entangled ... and overcome,” then “the last state has become worse ... than the first.” +2PE 2 20 q96i εἰ ... ἀποφυγόντες ... δὲ πάλιν ἐμπλακέντες ἡττῶνται, γέγονεν ... τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων 1 If they have escaped ... and are again entangled ... and overcome, the last state has become worse ... than the first This sentence is a description of a conditional statement that is true. The false teachers had at one time “escaped,” but if they are again entangled ... and overcome,” then “the last state has become worse ... than the first.” 2PE 2 20 lu22 figs-metonymy τὰ μιάσματα τοῦ κόσμου 1 the corruption of the world The word “defilements” refers to sinful behavior that makes one morally impure. The “world” refers to human society. Alternate translation: “the defiling practices of sinful human society” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2PE 2 20 bi73 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ Κυρίου ... καὶ Σωτῆρος, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 through the knowledge of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ You can translate “knowledge” using a verbal phrase. See how you translated similar phrases in [2 Peter 1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “by knowing the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2PE 2 20 d42g γέγονεν αὐτοῖς τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων 1 the last state has become worse for them than the first “their condition is worse than it was before” @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2PE 3 4 t6hl figs-euphemism οἱ πατέρες ἐκοιμήθησαν 1 our fathers fell asleep Here “fathers” refers to ancestors who lived long ago. Falling asleep is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “our ancestors died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 2PE 3 4 c2en figs-hyperbole πάντα οὕτως διαμένει ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς κτίσεως 1 all things have stayed the same, since the beginning of creation The mockers exaggerate with the word “all”, and they argue that since nothing in the world has ever changed, it cannot be true that Jesus will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 2PE 3 4 yue7 figs-abstractnouns ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς κτίσεως 1 since the beginning of creation This can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “since God created the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -2PE 3 5 mku9 figs-activepassive οὐρανοὶ ἦσαν ἔκπαλαι, καὶ γῆ … συνεστῶσα τῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ λόγῳ 1 the heavens and the earth came to exist ... long ago, by God’s command This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God established the heavens and the earth ... long ago by his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +2PE 3 5 mku9 figs-activepassive οὐρανοὶ ἦσαν ἔκπαλαι, καὶ γῆ ... συνεστῶσα τῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ λόγῳ 1 the heavens and the earth came to exist ... long ago, by God’s command This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God established the heavens and the earth ... long ago by his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2PE 3 5 s77f ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ δι’ ὕδατος συνεστῶσα 1 came to exist out of water and through water This means that God caused the land to come up out of the water, gathering the bodies of water together to make the land appear. 2PE 3 6 jh4r δι’ ὧν 1 through these things Here “these things” refers to God’s word and water. 2PE 3 6 nyb7 figs-activepassive ὁ τότε κόσμος ὕδατι κατακλυσθεὶς ἀπώλετο 1 the world of that time was destroyed, being flooded with water This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God flooded the world that existed at that time with water and destroyed it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])