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front:intro axt4 0 # Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Malachi\n\n1:1 Title\n1:2–5 Yahweh will punish the wicked: Edom\n1:6–14 Judeans not bringing acceptable sacrifices\n2:1–9 Priests must teach and apply the law faithfully\n2:10–16 Yahweh is concerned for justice: no divorce\n2:17–3:5 Yahweh is concerned for justice and will punish evildoers\n3:6–12 Judeans not bringing proper tithes\n3:13–15 Yahweh will punish the wicked, despite what Judeans are saying\n3:16–4:6 Yahweh will bless and protect those who fear him\n\nThe overall structure of the book follows a pattern called “chiasm” that Hebrew writers considered to be particularly elegant in poetry and literature. There are six main parts to this structure. In terms of theme, the first and sixth parts match (1:2–5 and 3:13–15), the second and fifth parts match (1:6–14 and 3:6–12), and the third and fourth parts match (2:10–16 and 2:17–3:5). So the pattern is ABCCBA. There is also an excursus, a special message to the priests (2:1–9), and an epilogue that tells how the people responded to the message of the book and what Yahweh promised them (3:16–4:6).\n\n### What is the Book of Malachi about?\nThe book of Malachi contains prophecies that address the Jews who had returned from exile in Babylon to Judah. At that time, the Jews were discouraged, even though they had finished building a new temple. The wonderful things that previous prophets had promised for Judah had not yet happened. The Persian Empire still ruled over them. As a result, they no longer were concerned about the law or worshiping Yahweh. These prophecies rebuke the Judeans for not living as the law taught and for not bringing proper tithes and sacrifices. But they also assure the Judeans that Yahweh will ultimately do everything that he promised to do.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Malachi?\n\nThe description in the book title ([1:1](../01/01.md)) could either be translated “the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi” or “the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of my messenger.” The last expression in that sentence also occurs in [3:1](../03/01.md), where the context indicates that it should be translated as “my messenger.” However, the expression could well be the name of a man in the book title. That man would be the prophet who delivered these messages on behalf of Yahweh. However, we do not know anything else about this man—where he lived, what family he came from, etc. Translating the expressoin as a name is the most common interpretation, and that is the interpretation that the ULT and these notes follow. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to follow the interpretation that it does. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to follow the same interpretation as the ULT.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\nThis book traditionally has been titled “Malachi” or “The Book of Malachi.” Translators may decide to call it something like “The Sayings of Malachi” or “The Messages that Malachi Brought.”\n\n## Part 2: Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n\n### The “day of Yahweh”\n\n\n\n\nThe book of Malachi speaks about the “day of Yahweh” in 3:2–5 and 3:17–4:6. It also calls it “the day that is coming” and “the day of his coming,” and Yahweh calls it “the day that I am preparing.” All of these are references to the time when Yahweh will come and judge people. He would remove those who have wickedly sinned and bless those who have trusted in him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]])\n\n\n\n\n## Part 3: Translation Issues\n\n\n### “But you say”\n\n\nIn each of the six thematic sections of the book, the prophet makes a statement that challenges the people and gets their attention. Its meaning is not immediately clear. The prophet then anticipates how the people will respond. He introduces their likely response with the phrase “But you say” (1:2, 1:6, 1:7, 1:13, 2:14, 2:17, 3:7, 3:8, 3:13). After saying how he expects they would respond, he then explains what his provocative statement meant. This was a common practice of Jewish public speakers in this time period (and also in New Testament times). The phrase “But you say” occurs throughout the book as Malachi anticipates and answers objections. It would be helpful to translate it consistently so that your readers can appreciate the method he is using to challenge the Judeans.\n\n\n\n\n### Yahweh of Armies\n\n\nThis is an important title of God that is used throughout the book of Malachi, more than 20 times. It reminds the listeners of the great power that Yahweh has to judge and punish all nations. Be sure to translate it consistently throughout the book so that your readers can appreciate the emphasis that Malachi places on it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])\n\n\n\n front:intro axt4 0 # Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Malachi\n\n1:1 Title\n1:2–5 Yahweh will punish the wicked: Edom\n1:6–14 Judeans not bringing acceptable sacrifices\n2:1–9 Priests must teach and apply the law faithfully\n2:10–16 Yahweh is concerned for justice: no divorce\n2:17–3:5 Yahweh is concerned for justice and will punish evildoers\n3:6–12 Judeans not bringing proper tithes\n3:13–15 Yahweh will punish the wicked, despite what Judeans are saying\n3:16–4:6 Yahweh will bless and protect those who fear him\n\nThe overall structure of the book follows a pattern called “chiasm” that Hebrew writers considered to be particularly elegant in poetry and literature. There are six main parts to this structure. In terms of theme, the first and sixth parts match (1:2–5 and 3:13–15), the second and fifth parts match (1:6–14 and 3:6–12), and the third and fourth parts match (2:10–16 and 2:17–3:5). So the pattern is ABCCBA. There is also an excursus, a special message to the priests (2:1–9), and an epilogue that tells how the people responded to the message of the book and what Yahweh promised them (3:16–4:6).\n\n### What is the Book of Malachi about?\nThe book of Malachi contains prophecies that address the Jews who had returned from exile in Babylon to Judah. At that time, the Jews were discouraged, even though they had finished building a new temple. The wonderful things that previous prophets had promised for Judah had not yet happened. The Persian Empire still ruled over them. As a result, they no longer were concerned about the law or worshiping Yahweh. These prophecies rebuke the Judeans for not living as the law taught and for not bringing proper tithes and sacrifices. But they also assure the Judeans that Yahweh will ultimately do everything that he promised to do.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Malachi?\n\nThe description in the book title ([1:1](../01/01.md)) could either be translated “the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi” or “the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of my messenger.” The last expression in that sentence also occurs in [3:1](../03/01.md), where the context indicates that it should be translated as “my messenger.” However, the expression could well be the name of a man in the book title. That man would be the prophet who delivered these messages on behalf of Yahweh. However, we do not know anything else about this man—where he lived, what family he came from, etc. Translating the expressoin as a name is the most common interpretation, and that is the interpretation that the ULT and these notes follow. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to follow the interpretation that it does. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to follow the same interpretation as the ULT.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\nThis book traditionally has been titled “Malachi” or “The Book of Malachi.” Translators may decide to call it something like “The Sayings of Malachi” or “The Messages that Malachi Brought.”\n\n## Part 2: Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n\n### The “day of Yahweh”\n\n\n\n\nThe book of Malachi speaks about the “day of Yahweh” in 3:2–5 and 3:17–4:6. It also calls it “the day that is coming” and “the day of his coming,” and Yahweh calls it “the day that I am preparing.” All of these are references to the time when Yahweh will come and judge people. He would remove those who have wickedly sinned and bless those who have trusted in him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]])\n\n\n\n\n## Part 3: Translation Issues\n\n\n### “But you say”\n\n\nIn each of the six thematic sections of the book, the prophet makes a statement that challenges the people and gets their attention. Its meaning is not immediately clear. The prophet then anticipates how the people will respond. He introduces their likely response with the phrase “But you say” (1:2, 1:6, 1:7, 1:13, 2:14, 2:17, 3:7, 3:8, 3:13). After saying how he expects they would respond, he then explains what his provocative statement meant. This was a common practice of Jewish public speakers in this time period (and also in New Testament times). The phrase “But you say” occurs throughout the book as Malachi anticipates and answers objections. It would be helpful to translate it consistently so that your readers can appreciate the method he is using to challenge the Judeans.\n\n\n\n\n### Yahweh of Armies\n\n\nThis is an important title of God that is used throughout the book of Malachi, more than 20 times. It reminds the listeners of the great power that Yahweh has to judge and punish all nations. Be sure to translate it consistently throughout the book so that your readers can appreciate the emphasis that Malachi places on it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])\n\n\n\n
1:intro b7vm 0 # Malachi 1 General Notes\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n\n1:1 Title\n\n\n1:2–5 Yahweh will punish the wicked: Edom\n\n\n1:6–14 Judeans not bringing acceptable sacrifices\n\n\n\n 1:intro b7vm 0 # Malachi 1 General Notes\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n\n1:1 Title\n\n\n1:2–5 Yahweh will punish the wicked: Edom\n\n\n1:6–14 Judeans not bringing acceptable sacrifices\n\n\n\n
1:1 m3x2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the burden of the word of Yahweh 1 The editor of the book is speaking as if the *word of Yahweh** were literally a **burden** that Malachi was carrying. This is likely a reference to the serious nature of what Yahweh told Malachi to say. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the serious word from Yahweh” 1:1 m3x2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the burden of the word of Yahweh 1 The editor of the book is speaking as if the *word of Yahweh** were a **burden** that Malachi was carrying. This is likely a reference to the serious nature of what Yahweh told Malachi to say. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the serious word from Yahweh”
1:1 k9f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the word of Yahweh 1 The editor is using the word **word** by association to mean what Yahweh said by using words. Alternate translation: “the message from Yahweh” 1:1 k9f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the word of Yahweh 1 The editor is using the word **word** by association to mean what Yahweh said by using words. Alternate translation: “the message from Yahweh”
1:1 p2r7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns to Israel 1 Since Malachi is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **Israel**. Alternate translation: “to the Israelites” 1:1 p2r7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns to Israel 1 Since Malachi is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **Israel**. Alternate translation: “to the Israelites”
1:1 w5h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of 1 The author is using one part of Malachi, his **hand**, to mean all of him in the act of bringing Yahweh’s message to the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through” 1:1 w5h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of 1 The author is using one part of Malachi, his **hand**, to mean all of him in the act of bringing Yahweh’s message to the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through”
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ front:intro axt4 0 # Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
1:7 o3d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive defiled food 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “food that people have made unfit for sacrifice” 1:7 o3d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive defiled food 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “food that people have made unfit for sacrifice”
1:7 q1j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes But you say, ‘In what have we defiled you?’ In your saying, ‘The table of Yahweh, it is despised.’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But you ask how you have defiled me. You defile me by saying that you can despise the table of Yahweh.” 1:7 q1j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes But you say, ‘In what have we defiled you?’ In your saying, ‘The table of Yahweh, it is despised.’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But you ask how you have defiled me. You defile me by saying that you can despise the table of Yahweh.”
1:7 a3h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The table of Yahweh, it is despised 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “One may despise the table of Yahweh” 1:7 a3h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The table of Yahweh, it is despised 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “One may despise the table of Yahweh”
1:7 b7c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The table of Yahweh 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the altar on which the priests offered sacrifices to him were literally a **table** at which he ate food. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The altar of Yahweh” 1:7 b7c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The table of Yahweh 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the altar on which the priests offered sacrifices to him were a **table** at which he ate food. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The altar of Yahweh”
1:8 r8n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion And when you present the blind for sacrifice, is it not evil? And when you present the lame and the sick, is it not evil? 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “When you present blind animals for sacrifice, that is evil! And when you present lame and sick animals, that is also evil!” 1:8 r8n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion And when you present the blind for sacrifice, is it not evil? And when you present the lame and the sick, is it not evil? 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “When you present blind animals for sacrifice, that is evil! And when you present lame and sick animals, that is also evil!”
1:8 g2m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the blind & the lame and the sick 1 Yahweh is not referring to specific blind, lame, or sick animals. He means animals with these conditions in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “blind animals … lame and sick animals” 1:8 g2m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the blind & the lame and the sick 1 Yahweh is not referring to specific blind, lame, or sick animals. He means animals with these conditions in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “blind animals … lame and sick animals”
1:8 p9k1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns Present it 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the blind, lame, and sick animals. It may be more natural in your language to use a plural expression. Alternate translation: “Present these animals” 1:8 p9k1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns Present it 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the blind, lame, and sick animals. It may be more natural in your language to use a plural expression. Alternate translation: “Present these animals”
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ front:intro axt4 0 # Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
1:12 l5t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor its fruit 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the altar were a tree that produced **fruit**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what we get from it” 1:12 l5t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor its fruit 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the altar were a tree that produced **fruit**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what we get from it”
1:12 e7n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit its food 1 Yahweh assumes that his listeners will know that by **its food** he means the food allowance the priests receive from the altar. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “our food allowance” 1:12 e7n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit its food 1 Yahweh assumes that his listeners will know that by **its food** he means the food allowance the priests receive from the altar. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “our food allowance”
1:12 p9f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive is despised 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is contemptible” 1:12 p9f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive is despised 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is contemptible”
1:13 m3h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Behold 1 The priests are speaking as if they literally wanted their listeners to **Behold** or look at something. They are using this term to focus their listeners’ attention on what they are about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. 1:13 m3h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Behold 1 The priests are speaking as if they wanted their listeners to **Behold** or look at something. They are using this term to focus their listeners’ attention on what they are about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation.
1:13 x6r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations what a weariness 1 The priests are using a phrase that expresses a strong feeling of tiredness or boredom. There may be an equivalent word or phrase in your language that you can use in your translation to convey this same feeling. You could also state what the priests were feeling. Alternate translation: “what drudgery” or “we are tired of doing this” 1:13 x6r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations what a weariness 1 The priests are using a phrase that expresses a strong feeling of tiredness or boredom. There may be an equivalent word or phrase in your language that you can use in your translation to convey this same feeling. You could also state what the priests were feeling. Alternate translation: “what drudgery” or “we are tired of doing this”
1:13 s2k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction And you puff at it 1 In this culture, to **puff** at something, blowing a small breath at it, was a symbolic action that showed contempt. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this in terms of an action that has the same significance in your culture. You could also state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you sniff at it” or “And you show contempt for it” 1:13 s2k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction And you puff at it 1 In this culture, to **puff** at something, blowing a small breath at it, was a symbolic action that showed contempt. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this in terms of an action that has the same significance in your culture. You could also state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you sniff at it” or “And you show contempt for it”
1:13 g7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the torn and the lame and the sick 1 Yahweh is not referring to specific **torn**, **lame**, or **sick** animals. He means animals with these conditions in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “torn animals, lame animals, and sick animals” 1:13 g7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the torn and the lame and the sick 1 Yahweh is not referring to specific **torn**, **lame**, or **sick** animals. He means animals with these conditions in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “torn animals, lame animals, and sick animals”
@ -75,15 +75,15 @@ front:intro axt4 0 # Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
2:2 k2n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you will not listen 1 In contexts such as this, the word translated as **listen** has the specific sense of complying with what someone has said. Alternate translation: “you will not obey” 2:2 k2n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you will not listen 1 In contexts such as this, the word translated as **listen** has the specific sense of complying with what someone has said. Alternate translation: “you will not obey”
2:2 o1q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom you will not set {it} upon the heart & you are not setting {this} upon the heart 1 This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean to take something seriously or to pay attention to it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will not take it seriously … you are not taking this seriously” or “you will not pay attention to it … you are not paying attention to this” 2:2 o1q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom you will not set {it} upon the heart & you are not setting {this} upon the heart 1 This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean to take something seriously or to pay attention to it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will not take it seriously … you are not taking this seriously” or “you will not pay attention to it … you are not paying attention to this”
2:2 u4w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche to my name 1 Yahweh is using one part of himself, his **name**, to mean all of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to me” 2:2 u4w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche to my name 1 Yahweh is using one part of himself, his **name**, to mean all of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to me”
2:2 v7x3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor then I will send a curse upon you 1 Yahweh is speaking as if a **curse** were literally an object that he could **send**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will curse you” 2:2 v7x3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor then I will send a curse upon you 1 Yahweh is speaking as if a **curse** were an object that he could **send**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will curse you”
2:2 y9z5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns your blessings 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **blessings**, you could express the same idea in another way. This term could mean: (1) the blessings that the priests spoke to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I will make ineffective what you say to bless the Israelites” (2) with the sense of “gift,” the portion of the people’s tithes, atonement money, and sacrifices that the priests received. Alternate translation: “I will reduce what the people bring, so that you will receive very few gifts” 2:2 y9z5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns your blessings 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **blessings**, you could express the same idea in another way. This term could mean: (1) the blessings that the priests spoke to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I will make ineffective what you say to bless the Israelites” (2) with the sense of “gift,” the portion of the people’s tithes, atonement money, and sacrifices that the priests received. Alternate translation: “I will reduce what the people bring, so that you will receive very few gifts”
2:2 b1c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns I have cursed it 1 Since the pronoun **it** refers back to **blessings**, it may be more natural in your language to use a plural form. Alternate translation: “I have cursed them” 2:2 b1c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns I have cursed it 1 Since the pronoun **it** refers back to **blessings**, it may be more natural in your language to use a plural form. Alternate translation: “I have cursed them”
2:3 f3h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Behold me rebuking 1 This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean that they were about to do something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Now I am about to rebuke” 2:3 f3h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Behold me rebuking 1 This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean that they were about to do something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Now I am about to rebuke”
2:3 i7k1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification rebuking the seed 1 The author is speaking of **seed** as if it were a living thing that he could rebuk. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “making your crops fail” 2:3 i7k1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification rebuking the seed 1 The author is speaking of **seed** as if it were a living thing that he could rebuk. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “making your crops fail”
2:3 l9n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and I will spread dung on your faces & and one will take you away with it 1 Yahweh is speaking as if he would literally **spread dung** on the priests’ faces. This is a vivid way of saying that he will humiliate them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will humiliate you terribly” 2:3 l9n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and I will spread dung on your faces & and one will take you away with it 1 Yahweh is speaking as if he would **spread dung** on the priests’ faces. This is a vivid way of saying that he will humiliate them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will humiliate you terribly”
2:3 q3s8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the dung of your festivals 1 Yahweh is using the word **dung** by association to mean the entrails of the animals that were sacrificed during festivals. Alternate translation: “the entrails of the animals you sacrifice during festivals” 2:3 q3s8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the dung of your festivals 1 Yahweh is using the word **dung** by association to mean the entrails of the animals that were sacrificed during festivals. Alternate translation: “the entrails of the animals you sacrifice during festivals”
2:3 u7w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns and one will take you away with it 1 Here, **one** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “and you will be taken away with it” 2:3 u7w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns and one will take you away with it 1 Here, **one** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “and you will be taken away with it”
2:4 x9z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have sent this commandment to you 1 Yahweh is speaking as if his **commandment** were literally an object that he could have **sent**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have given you this commandment” 2:4 x9z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have sent this commandment to you 1 Yahweh is speaking as if his **commandment** were an object that he could have **sent**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have given you this commandment”
2:4 b3d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for my covenant to be with Levi 1 Yahweh means implicitly that he has given this commandment so that his **covenant** with **Levi** will continue. He says in [3:3](../03/03.md) that he will “purify the sons of Levi” so that they will once again perform their duties “in righteousness.” You could indicate the meaning here explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “so that my covenant with Levi will continue” 2:4 b3d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for my covenant to be with Levi 1 Yahweh means implicitly that he has given this commandment so that his **covenant** with **Levi** will continue. He says in [3:3](../03/03.md) that he will “purify the sons of Levi” so that they will once again perform their duties “in righteousness.” You could indicate the meaning here explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “so that my covenant with Levi will continue”
2:4 f7h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Levi 1 Yahweh is using the name **Levi** by association to mean the priests who descended from that man and who served in the tabernacle and temple in subsequent generations. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Levi who became priests” 2:4 f7h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Levi 1 Yahweh is using the name **Levi** by association to mean the priests who descended from that man and who served in the tabernacle and temple in subsequent generations. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Levi who became priests”
2:5 j5l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns My covenant was with him, life and peace 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **life** and **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. See the further discussion in the General Notes to this chapter. Alternate translation: “I made a covenant with him that made conditions peaceful and allowed people to live” 2:5 j5l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns My covenant was with him, life and peace 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **life** and **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. See the further discussion in the General Notes to this chapter. Alternate translation: “I made a covenant with him that made conditions peaceful and allowed people to live”
@ -97,20 +97,20 @@ front:intro axt4 0 # Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
2:6 i2h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and iniquity was not found on his lips 1 Yahweh is using the word **lips** by association to mean what the priests said. Alternate translation: “and there was no iniquity in what he said” 2:6 i2h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and iniquity was not found on his lips 1 Yahweh is using the word **lips** by association to mean what the priests said. Alternate translation: “and there was no iniquity in what he said”
2:6 m4t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns and iniquity was not found on his lips 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **iniquity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and he did not say things that led people to do what was wrong” 2:6 m4t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns and iniquity was not found on his lips 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **iniquity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and he did not say things that led people to do what was wrong”
2:6 a7n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns In peace and in uprightness 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **peace** and **uprightness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Peacefully and righteously” 2:6 a7n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns In peace and in uprightness 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **peace** and **uprightness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Peacefully and righteously”
2:6 a2k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he walked with me 1 Yahweh is speaking of how a person lives as if that were literally a path that he would **walk** along. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “he lived as I want people to live” 2:6 a2k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he walked with me 1 Yahweh is speaking of how a person lives as if that were a path that he would **walk** along. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “he lived as I want people to live”
2:6 k3l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he turned many from iniquity 1 Yahweh is speaking as if **iniquity** were literally a place that people could be **turned** away from. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he influenced many to stop committing iniquity” 2:6 k3l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he turned many from iniquity 1 Yahweh is speaking as if **iniquity** were a place that people could be **turned** away from. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he influenced many to stop committing iniquity”
2:6 m1j7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns from iniquity 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **iniquity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “from doing what is wrong” 2:6 m1j7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns from iniquity 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **iniquity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “from doing what is wrong”
2:7 a5n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the lips of a priest should guard knowledge 1 Yahweh is using one part of a priest, his **lips**, to mean all of him in the act of speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a priest, through what he says, should give people better knowledge of how to obey Yahweh” 2:7 a5n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the lips of a priest should guard knowledge 1 Yahweh is using one part of a priest, his **lips**, to mean all of him in the act of speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a priest, through what he says, should give people better knowledge of how to obey Yahweh”
2:7 s3h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor should guard knowledge 1 Yahweh is speaking as if **knowledge** were literally something that could be **guarded** or protected. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “should preserve and promote knowledge” 2:7 s3h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor should guard knowledge 1 Yahweh is speaking as if **knowledge** were something that could be **guarded** or protected. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “should preserve and promote knowledge”
2:7 m6t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns should guard knowledge 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **knowledge**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “should help people know better how to obey Yahweh” 2:7 m6t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns should guard knowledge 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **knowledge**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “should help people know better how to obey Yahweh”
2:7 a8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns they should seek 1 The pronoun **they** refers to people in general. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “people should seek” 2:7 a8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns they should seek 1 The pronoun **they** refers to people in general. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “people should seek”
2:7 p7n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns instruction 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **instruction**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be instructed” 2:7 p7n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns instruction 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **instruction**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be instructed”
2:7 a1j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from his mouth 1 Yahweh is using the word **mouth** by association to mean what the priest says. Alternate translation: “by what he says” 2:7 a1j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from his mouth 1 Yahweh is using the word **mouth** by association to mean what the priest says. Alternate translation: “by what he says”
2:7 o5q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person {is} the messenger of Yahweh of Armies 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “is the messenger of me, Yahweh of Armies” 2:7 o5q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person {is} the messenger of Yahweh of Armies 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “is the messenger of me, Yahweh of Armies”
2:8 r7s4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor But you yourselves have turned from the way 1 See how you translated the similar image in [2:6](../02/06.md). Alternate translation: “But you yourselves have stopped living as I want people to live” 2:8 r7s4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor But you yourselves have turned from the way 1 See how you translated the similar image in [2:6](../02/06.md). Alternate translation: “But you yourselves have stopped living as I want people to live”
2:8 m9t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You have caused many to stumble 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the priests had literally caused people to **stumble** or trip and fall. This image represents leading people to sin. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You have led many people to sin” 2:8 m9t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You have caused many to stumble 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the priests had caused people to **stumble** or trip and fall. This image represents leading people to sin. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You have led many people to sin”
2:8 m2k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns by {your} instruction 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **instruction**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by what you have taught them” 2:8 m2k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns by {your} instruction 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **instruction**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by what you have taught them”
2:8 a6n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You have corrupted 1 Yahweh is speaking as if his **covenant** with the priests descended from Levi were literally something that they had **corrupted**, that is, physically spoiled and made useless, like the crops eaten by pests described with the same term in [3:11](../03/11.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have failed to fulfill the purpose of” 2:8 a6n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You have corrupted 1 Yahweh is speaking as if his **covenant** with the priests descended from Levi were something that they had **corrupted**, that is, physically spoiled and made useless, like the crops eaten by pests described with the same term in [3:11](../03/11.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have failed to fulfill the purpose of”
2:8 m4h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Levi 1 See how you translated the same expression in [2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Levi who became priests” 2:8 m4h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Levi 1 See how you translated the same expression in [2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Levi who became priests”
2:9 m7t3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and you are lifting faces 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “and you are showing favoritism” 2:9 m7t3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and you are lifting faces 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “and you are showing favoritism”
2:9 i9k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit regarding the instruction 1 Yahweh assumes that the priests will know that in this instance, the expression **the instruction** implicitly means the law of Moses and how the priests have been applying it in individual cases. (Elsewhere in the chapter, the term has a more general meaning.) You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “regarding how you apply the law of Moses” 2:9 i9k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit regarding the instruction 1 Yahweh assumes that the priests will know that in this instance, the expression **the instruction** implicitly means the law of Moses and how the priests have been applying it in individual cases. (Elsewhere in the chapter, the term has a more general meaning.) You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “regarding how you apply the law of Moses”
@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ front:intro axt4 0 # Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
2:15 w5y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion And why one? {He was} seeking seed of God 1 Malachi is not asking the question **And why one?** to get information. Rather, he is asking and then answering his own question. This was a common practice of Jewish public speakers in this time period (and also in New Testament times). Alternate translation: “And I will tell you why he made one: he was seeking seed of God” 2:15 w5y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion And why one? {He was} seeking seed of God 1 Malachi is not asking the question **And why one?** to get information. Rather, he is asking and then answering his own question. This was a common practice of Jewish public speakers in this time period (and also in New Testament times). Alternate translation: “And I will tell you why he made one: he was seeking seed of God”
2:15 z3b6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession seed of God 1 Malachi is using this possessive form to mean offspring that would be faithful to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “offspring that would be faithful to God” 2:15 z3b6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession seed of God 1 Malachi is using this possessive form to mean offspring that would be faithful to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “offspring that would be faithful to God”
2:15 d5f8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So guard yourselves in your spirit 1 Malachi is speaking as if a person’s **spirit** were a physical place where they could be **guarded**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “So be careful about your attitudes” 2:15 d5f8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So guard yourselves in your spirit 1 Malachi is speaking as if a person’s **spirit** were a physical place where they could be **guarded**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “So be careful about your attitudes”
2:16 h3j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and one {who} covers over his garment with violence 1 Malachi is speaking as if **violence** were literally a substance with which could cover a **garment**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. The idea of complete covering conveys emphasis. Alternate translation: “and one who acts very violently” 2:16 h3j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and one {who} covers over his garment with violence 1 Malachi is speaking as if **violence** were a substance with which could cover a **garment**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. The idea of complete covering conveys emphasis. Alternate translation: “and one who acts very violently”
2:17 l7n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with your words 1 Yahweh is using the term **words** by association to mean what the people are saying. Alternate translation: “by what you are saying” 2:17 l7n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with your words 1 Yahweh is using the term **words** by association to mean what the people are saying. Alternate translation: “by what you are saying”
2:17 q9s2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the doers of evil 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **evil**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “people who do evil things” 2:17 q9s2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the doers of evil 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **evil**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “people who do evil things”
2:17 u3w6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the eyes of Yahweh 1 Malachi is using the word **eyes** by association to mean sight. Sight, in turn, represents judgment and perspective. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s perspective” 2:17 u3w6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the eyes of Yahweh 1 Malachi is using the word **eyes** by association to mean sight. Sight, in turn, represents judgment and perspective. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s perspective”
@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ front:intro axt4 0 # Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
3:2 c5d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism But who {will be} enduring the day of his coming? And who {will be} the one standing in his appearing? 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. It may be clearer in your language to connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to endure the day of his coming! Indeed, no one will be able to stand when he appears!” 3:2 c5d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism But who {will be} enduring the day of his coming? And who {will be} the one standing in his appearing? 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. It may be clearer in your language to connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to endure the day of his coming! Indeed, no one will be able to stand when he appears!”
3:2 g3i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor {will be} the one standing 1 Yahweh is using the image of **standing** to speak of a person being declared innocent. The idea is that if he were declared guilty, that would be like a weight too heavy for the person to carry, and the person would sink down under it. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be declared innocent” 3:2 g3i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor {will be} the one standing 1 Yahweh is using the image of **standing** to speak of a person being declared innocent. The idea is that if he were declared guilty, that would be like a weight too heavy for the person to carry, and the person would sink down under it. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be declared innocent”
3:2 k7m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he {will be} like the fire of a refiner and like the soap of launderers 1 The point of this comparison is that just as fire refines metal and soap cleans clothes, so the messenger will purify the people, that is, he will help them forsake the sins they have been committing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “just as fire refines metal and soap cleans clothes, he will purify people by helping them stop sinning” 3:2 k7m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he {will be} like the fire of a refiner and like the soap of launderers 1 The point of this comparison is that just as fire refines metal and soap cleans clothes, so the messenger will purify the people, that is, he will help them forsake the sins they have been committing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “just as fire refines metal and soap cleans clothes, he will purify people by helping them stop sinning”
3:3 o5q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And he will sit refining and purifying silver 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the messenger were literally going to be a metalworker who was **refining** and **purifying** precious metals. Since he expresses this same image as a comparison in the next clause, you may wish to present it as a comparison here as well. Alternate translation: “Yes, in that way he will be like someone who sits refining and purifying silver” 3:3 o5q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And he will sit refining and purifying silver 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the messenger were going to be a metalworker who was **refining** and **purifying** precious metals. Since he expresses this same image as a comparison in the next clause, you may wish to present it as a comparison here as well. Alternate translation: “Yes, in that way he will be like someone who sits refining and purifying silver”
3:3 s3u6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the sons of Levi 1 Yahweh is speaking as if these priests were literally something the **sons** of their ancestor **Levi**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Levi who are priests” 3:3 s3u6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the sons of Levi 1 Yahweh is speaking as if these priests were the **sons** of their ancestor **Levi**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Levi who are priests”
3:3 w7y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile and refine them like gold and like silver 1 The point of this comparison is that just as gold and silver are refined to remove impurities, so the messenger will purify the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he will purify the people from sin just as gold and silver are refined to remove impurities from them” 3:3 w7y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile and refine them like gold and like silver 1 The point of this comparison is that just as gold and silver are refined to remove impurities, so the messenger will purify the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he will purify the people from sin just as gold and silver are refined to remove impurities from them”
3:4 z5b8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns Then the offering of Judah and Jerusalem 1 Since Yahweh is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form. Alternate translation: “Then the offerings of the people of Judah and Jerusalem” 3:4 z5b8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns Then the offering of Judah and Jerusalem 1 Since Yahweh is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form. Alternate translation: “Then the offerings of the people of Judah and Jerusalem”
3:4 d7f1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet as {in} the days of old and as {in} former years 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “as in ancient times” 3:4 d7f1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet as {in} the days of old and as {in} former years 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “as in ancient times”
@ -165,10 +165,10 @@ front:intro axt4 0 # Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
3:5 q3s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche And I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against the ones swearing to a lie, and against the ones oppressing the wage of the hired worker, the widow, and the orphan, and the ones turning aside the foreigner 1 Yahweh is using the idea of being a **witness** to represent the entire process of judging and punishing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And I will declare people guilty and punish them for what they have done wrong, including sorcerers, adulterers, those who swear to a lie, those who oppress the wage of the hired worker, the widow, and the orphan, and those who turn aside the foreigner” 3:5 q3s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche And I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against the ones swearing to a lie, and against the ones oppressing the wage of the hired worker, the widow, and the orphan, and the ones turning aside the foreigner 1 Yahweh is using the idea of being a **witness** to represent the entire process of judging and punishing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And I will declare people guilty and punish them for what they have done wrong, including sorcerers, adulterers, those who swear to a lie, those who oppress the wage of the hired worker, the widow, and the orphan, and those who turn aside the foreigner”
3:5 u5w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification and against the ones oppressing the wage of 1 Yahweh is speaking of **wage** as if it were a person who could be oppressed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and against those who do not pay fair wages to” 3:5 u5w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification and against the ones oppressing the wage of 1 Yahweh is speaking of **wage** as if it were a person who could be oppressed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and against those who do not pay fair wages to”
3:5 x1z4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the hired worker, the widow, and the orphan & the foreigner 1 Yahweh is using these terms to refer to types of vulnerable people. If your language has a general way to refer to vulnerable people, you could use that in your translation. Alternate translation: “vulnerable people” (twice) 3:5 x1z4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the hired worker, the widow, and the orphan & the foreigner 1 Yahweh is using these terms to refer to types of vulnerable people. If your language has a general way to refer to vulnerable people, you could use that in your translation. Alternate translation: “vulnerable people” (twice)
3:5 b3d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and the ones turning aside the foreigner 1 Yahweh is speaking of denying justice to foreigners as if people who did that were literally **turning** them **aside** from a road they were walking on and needed to stay on. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: "and those who deny justice to foreigners" 3:5 b3d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and the ones turning aside the foreigner 1 Yahweh is speaking of denying justice to foreigners as if people who did that were **turning** them **aside** from a road they were walking on and needed to stay on. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: "and those who deny justice to foreigners"
3:6 f7h1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives For I, Yahweh, do not change, so you, sons of Jacob, have not come to an end 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative. Alternate translation: “It is only because I, Yahweh, have remained the same that you, sons of Jacob, are still a people group” 3:6 f7h1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives For I, Yahweh, do not change, so you, sons of Jacob, have not come to an end 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative. Alternate translation: “It is only because I, Yahweh, have remained the same that you, sons of Jacob, are still a people group”
3:6 j1l4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit do not change 1 Yahweh assumes that the Judeans will understand that when he says that he does **not change**, he means he always keeps his promises. He promised Abraham that he would bless his descendants, and so he is still taking care of them, even though they have been disobedient. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “always keep my promises” or “intend to keep my promise to Abraham to bless his descendants” 3:6 j1l4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit do not change 1 Yahweh assumes that the Judeans will understand that when he says that he does **not change**, he means he always keeps his promises. He promised Abraham that he would bless his descendants, and so he is still taking care of them, even though they have been disobedient. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “always keep my promises” or “intend to keep my promise to Abraham to bless his descendants”
3:6 n5q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sons of Jacob 1 Yahweh is speaking of the Israelites as if they were literally the **sons** of their ancestor Jacob. See how you translated the similar expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” 3:6 n5q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sons of Jacob 1 Yahweh is speaking of the Israelites as if they were the **sons** of their ancestor Jacob. See how you translated the similar expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob”
3:7 r7t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fathers 1 Yahweh is speaking of the ancestors of the Israelites as if they were the literal **fathers** of the current generation. Alternate translation: “ancestors” 3:7 r7t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fathers 1 Yahweh is speaking of the ancestors of the Israelites as if they were the literal **fathers** of the current generation. Alternate translation: “ancestors”
3:7 v1x4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet you have turned aside from my statutes and have not kept {them} 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh uses them together to emphasize how the people have disobeyed him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “you have completely disobeyed my statutes” 3:7 v1x4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet you have turned aside from my statutes and have not kept {them} 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh uses them together to emphasize how the people have disobeyed him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “you have completely disobeyed my statutes”
3:7 y3z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you have turned aside from my statutes 1 Yahweh is speaking of disobeying his **statutes** as if that were turning **aside** from a path on which one needed to walk. Alternate translation: “you have disobeyed my statutes” 3:7 y3z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you have turned aside from my statutes 1 Yahweh is speaking of disobeying his **statutes** as if that were turning **aside** from a path on which one needed to walk. Alternate translation: “you have disobeyed my statutes”
@ -205,29 +205,29 @@ front:intro axt4 0 # Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
3:16 q7s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism for the ones fearing Yahweh and for the ones esteeming his name 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “for the ones who feared Yahweh and esteemed his name” 3:16 q7s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism for the ones fearing Yahweh and for the ones esteeming his name 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “for the ones who feared Yahweh and esteemed his name”
3:16 m009 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and for the ones esteeming his name 1 The author is using the word **name** to represent Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “and for the ones who were concerned for the honor of his reputation” 3:16 m009 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and for the ones esteeming his name 1 The author is using the word **name** to represent Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “and for the ones who were concerned for the honor of his reputation”
3:17 x5z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns And they will be to me & a special possession 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **being** and **possession**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “And they will belong to me … in a special way” 3:17 x5z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns And they will be to me & a special possession 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **being** and **possession**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “And they will belong to me … in a special way”
3:17 b7d1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor on the day that I {am} preparing 1 Yahweh speaks as if he is literally **preparing** a **day**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the time when I act, as I am now preparing to do” 3:17 b7d1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor on the day that I {am} preparing 1 Yahweh speaks as if he is **preparing** a **day**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the time when I act, as I am now preparing to do”
3:17 f3h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile just as 1 The point of this comparison is that just as a father tenderly cares for his son who serves him, so Yahweh will tenderly care for those who serve him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “just as tenderly as” 3:17 f3h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile just as 1 The point of this comparison is that just as a father tenderly cares for his son who serves him, so Yahweh will tenderly care for those who serve him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “just as tenderly as”
3:18 m010 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And you will return and see 1 This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean to see something again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you will see once again” 3:18 m010 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And you will return and see 1 This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean to see something again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you will see once again”
3:18 m011 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And you will return and see 1 Yahweh assumes that the people will understand that by **seeing**, he means acknowledging. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And once again you will acknowledge” 3:18 m011 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And you will return and see 1 Yahweh assumes that the people will understand that by **seeing**, he means acknowledging. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And once again you will acknowledge”
3:18 r3t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis between the righteous and to the wicked 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “that there is a difference between the righteous and the wicked” 3:18 r3t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis between the righteous and to the wicked 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “that there is a difference between the righteous and the wicked”
3:18 m012 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism between the righteous and to the wicked, between the one serving God and to {one} who does not serve him 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “between the righteous, who serve God, and the wicked, who do not serve him” 3:18 m012 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism between the righteous and to the wicked, between the one serving God and to {one} who does not serve him 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “between the righteous, who serve God, and the wicked, who do not serve him”
3:18 m013 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the righteous and to the wicked 1 Yahweh is using the adjectives **righteous** and **wicked** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these adjectives with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “righteous people and wicked people” 3:18 m013 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the righteous and to the wicked 1 Yahweh is using the adjectives **righteous** and **wicked** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these adjectives with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “righteous people and wicked people”
4:intro azp5 0 # Malachi 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n\n3:16–4:6 Yahweh will bless and protect those who fear him\n\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n\n### “I am sending to you Elijah the prophet” (4:5)\n\n\nWhile Malachi’s listeners and later generations of Jews may have expected this prophecy to be fulfilled literally, Jesus explained that it was fulfilled through the life and witness of John the Baptist ([Matthew 17:10–13](../mat/17/10.md)).\n\n\n\n 4:intro azp5 0 # Malachi 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n\n3:16–4:6 Yahweh will bless and protect those who fear him\n\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n\n### “I am sending to you Elijah the prophet” (4:5)\n\n\nWhile Malachi’s listeners and later generations of Jews may have expected this prophecy to be fulfilled by Elijah himself returning, Jesus explained that it was fulfilled through the life and witness of John the Baptist ([Matthew 17:10–13](../mat/17/10.md)).\n\n\n\n
4:1 a1c3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor behold 1 Yahweh is speaking as if he literally wanted his listeners to **behold** or look at something. He is using this term to focus his listeners’ attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. 4:1 a1c3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor behold 1 Yahweh is speaking as if he wanted his listeners to **behold** or look at something. He is using this term to focus his listeners’ attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation.
4:1 e9g2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor burning like an oven 1 Yahweh is speaking of the day of judgment as if it were an **oven** that would be **burning** people. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this image as a comparison. Alternate translation: “when I will destroy people as if they were being burned in an oven” 4:1 e9g2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor burning like an oven 1 Yahweh is speaking of the day of judgment as if it were an **oven** that would be **burning** people. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this image as a comparison. Alternate translation: “when I will destroy people as if they were being burned in an oven”
4:1 i3k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj all of the arrogant 1 Yahweh is using the adjective **arrogant** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “all arrogant people” 4:1 i3k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj all of the arrogant 1 Yahweh is using the adjective **arrogant** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “all arrogant people”
4:1 m5o9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns all of the doers of wickedness 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wickedness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “all of the people who do wicked things” 4:1 m5o9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns all of the doers of wickedness 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wickedness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “all of the people who do wicked things”
4:1 q1s4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will be stubble. And the coming day will kindle them 1 Yahweh is speaking of wicked people as if they were **stubble** that his judgment would **kindle** and burn up. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this image as a comparison. Alternate translation: “will be completely destroyed, as if they were stubble that was burned up” 4:1 q1s4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will be stubble. And the coming day will kindle them 1 Yahweh is speaking of wicked people as if they were **stubble** that his judgment would **kindle** and burn up. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this image as a comparison. Alternate translation: “will be completely destroyed, as if they were stubble that was burned up”
4:1 u7w2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism to them root or branch 1 Yahweh is speaking of two extremes in order to include them and everything in between. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “any part of them remaining” 4:1 u7w2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism to them root or branch 1 Yahweh is speaking of two extremes in order to include them and everything in between. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “any part of them remaining”
4:2 y3a6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor But for you fearers of my name, the sun of righteousness will rise 1 Yahweh is speaking as if **righteousness** were literally the **sun** and that it would **rise** over the **fearers** of his **name**. He means that he will establish his righteous rule so that those who obey him are vindicated, honored, and blessed. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this image as a comparison. Alternate translation: “But when I establish my righteous rule, you who fear my name will be honored, as if the sun were shining brightly on you” 4:2 y3a6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor But for you fearers of my name, the sun of righteousness will rise 1 Yahweh is speaking as if **righteousness** were the **sun** and that it would **rise** over the **fearers** of his **name**. He means that he will establish his righteous rule so that those who obey him are vindicated, honored, and blessed. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this image as a comparison. Alternate translation: “But when I establish my righteous rule, you who fear my name will be honored, as if the sun were shining brightly on you”
4:2 c9e1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche fearers of my name 1 Yahweh is using one thing he has, his **name**, to represent all of him. Alternate translation: “you who fear me” 4:2 c9e1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche fearers of my name 1 Yahweh is using one thing he has, his **name**, to represent all of him. Alternate translation: “you who fear me”
4:2 m014 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and healing {will be} upon its wings 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the **sun** literally had **wings**. He is using the image to speak of the arrival of the sun, which represents the effects of his establishing his reign. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and it will bring healing to you” 4:2 m014 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and healing {will be} upon its wings 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the **sun** had **wings**. He is using the image to speak of the arrival of the sun, which represents the effects of his establishing his reign. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and it will bring healing to you”
4:2 m015 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And you will go out and skip 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the people would be so happy that they would literally **go out** and **skip**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you will be very joyful” 4:2 m015 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And you will go out and skip 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the people would be so happy that they would **go out** and **skip**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you will be very joyful”
4:2 o7q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like calves of the stall 1 The point of this comparison is that just as calves that have been kept in a stall are very playful when they are let out, so the people will be very joyful. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “and feel tas playful as calves that have been let out of their stall” 4:2 o7q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like calves of the stall 1 The point of this comparison is that just as calves that have been kept in a stall are very playful when they are let out, so the people will be very joyful. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “and feel tas playful as calves that have been let out of their stall”
4:3 m016 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result And you will trample the wicked, for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “The wicked will be like ashes under the soles of your feet, so you will trample them” 4:3 m016 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result And you will trample the wicked, for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “The wicked will be like ashes under the soles of your feet, so you will trample them”
4:3 w9y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And you will trample the wicked 1 Yahweh is speaking of the people’s victory over the wicked as if they would literally **trample** them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you will be triumphant over the wicked” 4:3 w9y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And you will trample the wicked 1 Yahweh is speaking of the people’s victory over the wicked as if they would **trample** them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you will be triumphant over the wicked”
4:3 m017 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wicked 1 Yahweh is using the adjective **wicked** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “wicked people” 4:3 m017 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wicked 1 Yahweh is using the adjective **wicked** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “wicked people”
4:3 m018 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet 1 Yahweh is speaking of the complete defeat of the wicked as if they would literally become **ashes** under the people’s feet. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for you will defeat them completely” 4:3 m018 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet 1 Yahweh is speaking of the complete defeat of the wicked as if they literally become **ashes** under the people’s feet. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for you will defeat them completely”
4:3 j7l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor on the day that I {am} preparing 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:17](../03/17.md). Alternate translation: “at the time when I act, as I am now preparing to do” 4:3 j7l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor on the day that I {am} preparing 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:17](../03/17.md). Alternate translation: “at the time when I act, as I am now preparing to do”
4:4 n3p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Remember 1 Yahweh is using the word **Remember** to mean obey, by association with the way people need to remember something in order to obey it. Alternate translation: “Obey” 4:4 n3p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Remember 1 Yahweh is using the word **Remember** to mean obey, by association with the way people need to remember something in order to obey it. Alternate translation: “Obey”
4:4 r9t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism the statutes and the judgments 1 Yahweh is speaking of two types of laws in order to include them and all other types of laws. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “including all of its laws” 4:4 r9t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism the statutes and the judgments 1 Yahweh is speaking of two types of laws in order to include them and all other types of laws. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “including all of its laws”

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