From 768cd42c166b407dd1d7d110e1751902592203d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stephen Wunrow Date: Tue, 16 May 2023 14:50:12 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Merge stephenwunrow-tc-create-1 into master by stephenwunrow (#3242) --- tn_MAT.tsv | 171 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------- 1 file changed, 108 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-) diff --git a/tn_MAT.tsv b/tn_MAT.tsv index b63cf8d32d..e7ad71dfb3 100644 --- a/tn_MAT.tsv +++ b/tn_MAT.tsv @@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 6:6 yb5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast σὺ δὲ 1 Here, the phrase **But you** introduces what Jesus wants each of his disciples to do in contrast to what the “hypocrites” do, which he described in the previous verse ([6:5](../06/05.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “As for you, however” 6:6 ef9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σὺ & εἴσελθε & σου & σου, πρόσευξαι & σου & σου & σοι 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. 6:6 dqv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸ ταμεῖόν σου 1 The **inner chamber** was a small, private room in a house. It could be a bedroom or a storage room. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of room, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “your private area” or “your own room” -6:6 kkn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τῷ Πατρί σου & ὁ Πατήρ σου 1 This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “to God, who is your Father, … God, who is your Father,” +6:6 kkn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῷ Πατρί σου & ὁ Πατήρ σου 1 This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “to God, who is your Father, … God, who is your Father,” 6:6 agxo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ Πατρί σου τῷ ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ 1 Here, the phrase **your Father in secret** could mean that: (1) the **Father** is present even when a person prays **in secret**. Alternate translation: “to your Father who is with you in secret” (2) the **Father** himself is **in secret**, which means that no one can see or observe him. Alternate translation: “to your Father, whom no one can see” (3) the disciple should pray **in secret**. Alternate translation: “in secret to your Father” 6:7 t9p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases προσευχόμενοι δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces Jesus’ next teaching about **praying**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces another teaching, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “As for what to say when you pray” or “As for when you are praying” 6:7 hw30 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μὴ βατταλογήσητε 1 Here, the phrase **make useless repetitions** could refer to: (1) repeating words. Alternate translation: “do not repeat your words” (2) using meaningless words. Alternate translation: “do not use meaningless words” @@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 6:18 gbty rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd μὴ φανῇς & σου & σου & σοι 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. 6:18 s4kn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive μὴ φανῇς τοῖς ἀνθρώποις νηστεύων 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “men may not see you as fasting” 6:18 trc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ Πατρί σου τῷ ἐν τῷ κρυφαίῳ 1 Here, much as in [6:6](../06/06.md), the phrase **your Father in secret** could mean that: (1) the **Father** is present even when a person fasts **in secret**. Alternate translation: “by your Father who is with you in secret” (2) the **Father** himself is **in secret**, which means that no one can see or observe him. Alternate translation: “by your Father, whom no one can see” (3) the disciple should fast **in secret**. Alternate translation: “in secret by your Father” -6:18 m56a rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τῷ Πατρί σου & ὁ Πατήρ σου 1 This is a figurative expression. God is not the Father of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate Father with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “by God, who is your Father, … God, who is your Father” +6:18 m56a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῷ Πατρί σου & ὁ Πατήρ σου 1 This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “by God, who is your Father, … God, who is your Father” 6:19 tqc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown σὴς 1 A **moth** is a small, flying insect that destroys cloth by eating it. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of insect, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “insects that eat your belongings” or “flies” 6:19 czl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun σὴς 1 The word **moth** represents moths in general, not one particular **moth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you use a form that refers to moths in general. Alternate translation: “moths” 6:19 z9wd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown βρῶσις 1 Here, the word translated **rust** refers most generally to anything that destroys things by eating them or corroding them. The word could more specifically refer to: (1) how metals corrode. Alternate translation: “corrosion” (2) how insects, especially worms, eat cloth and food. Alternate translation: “worms” or “bugs” @@ -1540,7 +1540,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 10:29 wxt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐ πεσεῖται ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, ἄνευ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative phrase **apart from**. Alternate translation: “each one of them falls to ground in the presence of your Father” 10:29 id3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism πεσεῖται ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν 1 Here, the phrase **fall to the ground** refers politely to the sparrow dying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could a form that politely refers to an animal dying, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will pass away” or “will perish” 10:29 us0e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἄνευ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν 1 Here, the phrase **apart from your Father** could indicate that something happens: (1) without the Father’s knowledge. Alternate translation: “apart from the knowledge of your Father” (2) without the Father’s will. Alternate translation: “apart from the will of your Father” (3) without the Father’s care or interest. Alternate translation: “apart from the care of your Father” -10:29 fe8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν 1 This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “God, who is your Father,” +10:29 fe8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν 1 This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “God, who is your Father,” 10:30 s07o rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces a new but related idea. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a new but related idea, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Further,” or “In fact,” 10:30 e2jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑμῶν & καὶ αἱ τρίχες τῆς κεφαλῆς πᾶσαι ἠριθμημέναι εἰσίν 1 Here Jesus implies that God knows everything about the disciples, including how many **hairs** each disciple has on his or her **head**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “God knows everything about, including the number of all the hairs on your head” or “God knows so much about you that even the hairs of your head are all numbered” 10:30 cih3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὑμῶν & καὶ αἱ τρίχες τῆς κεφαλῆς πᾶσαι ἠριθμημέναι εἰσίν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God has counted even all the hairs on your head” @@ -2012,7 +2012,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 12:45 tt9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰσελθόντα κατοικεῖ ἐκεῖ 1 Here Jesus implies that the evil spirits **entered** the man and live in him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they having entered the man, it resides in him” 12:45 l9do rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor εἰσελθόντα κατοικεῖ ἐκεῖ 1 Here Jesus continues to refer to the person whom the evil spirit formerly controlled as if he were a house. When the evil spirits control the man, it is as if they are living in him as their home. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “having entered, they reside there as if he were their home” or “having overpowered the man, they possess him” 12:45 hmr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κατοικεῖ 1 Here Jesus speaks of the evil spirit living in the man, but he implies that the **seven other spirits** also live in the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the spirits reside” -12:45 wint rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom γίνεται τὰ ἔσχατα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκείνου χείρονα τῶν πρώτων 1 Here, the phrase **last things** refers to situation or condition of the man after the evil spirits return. The phrase **the first things** refers to the situation or condition of the man before the first evil spirit left him. Jesus means that the man’s situation or condition is now **worse** than it was when he only had one evil spirit possessing him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that man‘s condition is now worse than it was before” or “the current situation of that man has become worse than the previous situation” +12:45 wint rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom γίνεται τὰ ἔσχατα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκείνου χείρονα τῶν πρώτων 1 Here, the phrase **last things** refers to situation or condition of the man after the evil spirits return. The phrase **the first things** refers to the situation or condition of the man before the first evil spirit left him. Jesus means that the man’s situation or condition is now **worse** than it was when he only had one evil spirit possessing him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that man’s condition is now worse than it was before” or “the current situation of that man has become worse than the previous situation” 12:45 v09k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ τῇ πονηρᾷ 1 Here, **generation** represents the people who are part of the **generation**, which means that they are adults who are currently alive. See how you translated the similar expression in [12:39](../12/39.md). Alternate translation: “today’s people who are evil” or “evil people of this generation” 12:46 kkhq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly” 12:46 i4t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship οἱ ἀδελφοὶ 1 These were Jesus' younger **brothers**. They were sons of Mary and Joseph. Since the Father of Jesus was God, and their father was Joseph, they were actually his half-brothers. That detail is not normally translated, but if your language has a specific word for “younger brother,” you could use it here. @@ -2037,7 +2037,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 12:50 s0yb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν οὐρανοῖς 1 Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God the **Father** is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens” 12:50 gn31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor αὐτός μου ἀδελφὸς, καὶ ἀδελφὴ, καὶ μήτηρ ἐστίν 1 Here Jesus speaks of everyone who does God’s will as if they were his **brother** and **sister** and **mother**. He means that he considers them to be part of his family. Express the idea as you did in the previous verse ([12:49](../12/49.md)). Alternate translation: “I call him my brother and sister and mother” or “he is a person whom I love as if he were my brother and sister and mother” 12:50 wenb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτός 1 Although the term **he** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “he or she” or “such a person” -13:intro s3lu 0 # Matthew 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 13:14-15, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\nThis chapter begins a new section. It contains some of Jesus’ parables about the kingdom of heaven.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Metonymy\n\nJesus often says the word **heaven** when he wants his hearers to think of God, who lives in heaven ([13:11](../mat/13/11.md)).\n\n### Implicit information\n\nSpeakers usually do not say things that they think their hearers already understand. When Matthew wrote that Jesus “sat beside the sea” ([Matthew 13:1](../mat/13/01.md)), he probably expected his hearers to know that Jesus was about to teach the people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Metaphor\n\nSpeakers often use examples of things that we can see or touch to communicate abstract ideas. Jesus spoke of birds eating newly sown seed to describe how Satan keeps people from understanding Jesus’ message ([13:19](../mat/13/19.md)).\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Passive voice\n\nMany sentences in this chapter tell that something happened to a person without indicating who caused the thing to happen. For example, “they were scorched” ([13:6](../mat/13/06.md)). You may have to translate the sentence so that it tells the reader who performed the action. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])\n\n### Parables\n\nThe parables are short stories that Jesus told so that people would easily understand the lesson he was trying to teach them. He also told the stories so that those who did not want to believe in him would not understand the truth ([13:11-13](./11.md)). +13:intro s3lu 0 # Matthew 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n6. Jesus tells parables about the kingdom of God (13:1–52)\n * The parable of the sower (13:1–9)\n * Jesus explains why he uses parables (13:10–17)\n * Jesus explains the parable of the sower (13:18–23)\n * The parable of the darnel (13:24–30)\n * The parable of the mustard seed (13:31–32)\n * The parable of the yeast (13:33)\n * Summary statement (13:34–35)\n * Jesus explains the parable of the darnel (13:36–43)\n * The parable of the treasure in the field (13:44)\n * The parable of the pearl (13:45–46)\n * The parable of the net (13:47–50)\n * Jesus concludes his teaching (13:51–52)\n7. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53–17:57)\n * Jesus visits his hometown (13:53–58)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [13:14–15](../13/14.md), which is a quote from [Isaiah 6:9–10](../isa/06/09.md), and in [13:35](../13/35.md), which is a quote from [Psalm 78:2](../psa/78/02.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Farming\n\nJesus refers to many different farming practices in this chapter. In his culture, farmers often threw seeds over their fields, a process called sowing. After throwing the seeds, they would use a tool called a plow to cover the seeds with dirt. Then, they would water and take care of the seeds until they sprouted and grew. Finally, when the plants produced grain or other kinds of crops, they would cut down the plants, separate the edible parts from the inedible parts, and store the edible parts in a safe place. See the notes on the verses in which Jesus discusses farming practices for specific information and translation options.\n\n### Darnel\n\nDarnel are plants that look much like wheat plants. However, they do not produce the same kind of grain, and the grain that they do produce is somewhat poisonous. In your translation, you could refer to a plant that looks like wheat or grain plants, or you could use a descriptive phrase. See the notes for translation options.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Parables\n\nThroughout this chapter, Jesus uses many parables to teach the crowds and his disciples. Each parable is a short story that includes a specific lesson. Jesus uses parables to teach so that people who already know his message will learn more but people who do not know his message will not learn anything (see [13:10–17](../13/10.md)). Jesus explains three of the parables, but he does not explain any of the others. Possible explanations for each parable are included below, but only for help in translation. Your translation should not directly explain the meaning of any parable more than Jesus does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n#### The parable of the sower\n\nIn [13:3–9](../13/03.md), Jesus tells a story about a man who sows seed and about what happens to the seed. Jesus explains this parable in [13:18–23](../13/18.md). Even with this explanation, Christians debate who the sower is, what the seed represents, and what the different areas in the field represent. The sower could be Jesus himself, God, or anyone who preaches the gospel. The seed could be the gospel or the person who hears the gospel. The different areas in the field could be regions or areas where people hear the gospel, different kinds of people, or different ways of responding to the gospel. Most likely, the seed and the area in the field together describe what happens when people respond to the gospel in these four ways.\n\n#### The parable of the darnel\n\nIn [13:24–30](../13/24.md), Jesus tells a story about a farmer who planted good seed and the farmer’s enemy who planted darnel seed in the same field. Jesus explains this parable in [13:37–43](../13/37.md). Jesus is the farmer, and the good seed are people who believe in him. The enemy is the devil, and the darnel seed are people who serve him. The farmer in the story allows the darnel to grow until the harvest, when he has them cut down and burned. Similarly, Jesus allows people who serve the devil to live until this time period ends, when he will have his angels collect these people. Then, he will judge and punish them, and he will reward those who believed in him.\n\n#### The parable of the mustard seed\n\nIn [13:31–32](../13/31.md), Jesus tells a story about how a very small seed (a mustard seed) grows into a very large plant. Most likely, he is describing how his group of followers was very small but will eventually become very large. Jesus mentions that birds nest in the branches of this large plant. Some people think that Jesus is referring to passages like [Ezekiel 17:23](../ezk/17/23.md), which could suggest that the birds represent Gentiles who become part of God’s kingdom. Others think that the detail about the birds simply illustrates how large the plant is. If possible, your translation should allow for all of these interpretations.\n\n#### The parable of the yeast\n\nIn [13:33](../13/33.md), Jesus tells a story about how a woman leavened a large amount of flour with some yeast. Most likely, he is describing how his message and his followers will affect many things. He could be speaking about how his message completely changes people. Or, he could be speaking about how his message and his followers will spread throughout the whole world. Or, he could be speaking about how his message and his followers are small and insignificant but affect the whole world. If possible, your translation should allow for all of these interpretations.\n\n#### The parable of the treasure in the field\n\nIn [13:44](../13/44.md), Jesus tells a story about a worker who discovered a hidden treasure in a field that belonged to someone else. To obtain the treasure, the worker sold everything that he had and bought the field. Most likely, Jesus means that being part of God’s kingdom is very valuable, like a treasure, and people should be willing to give up everything to be part of the kingdom.\n\n#### The parable of the pearl\n\nIn [13:45–46](../13/45.md), Jesus tells a story about a merchant who wanted to obtain valuable pearls. When he saw a very expensive pearl, he sold everything that he had and bought the pearl. Most likely, Jesus means that being part of God’s kingdom is very valuable, like an expensive pearl, and people should be willing to give up everything to be part of the kingdom.\n\n#### The parable of the net\n\nIn [13:47–48](../13/47.md), Jesus tells a story about fishermen who use a net to catch many kinds of fish, some useful and some useless. They sort through the fish, keeping the good ones and throwing away the bad ones. Jesus explains this parable in [13:49–50](../13/49.md). The fish are like people, and the fishermen are like angels. At the end of this time period, the angels will separate righteous people from wicked people, just like the fishermen sorted the fish. Then, the wicked people will be punished, just as the useless fish were thrown away.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMost of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to many people around him. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) 13:1 vx5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ 1 Here, the phrase **On that day** introduces the next major event in the story, an event that happened on the same day as the teaching recorded in the previous chapter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces an event that happened later during the same day. Alternate translation: “Sometime later that day” 13:1 avp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come out” 13:1 cy1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς οἰκίας 1 Here Matthew refers to **the house** that Jesus was in while he was teaching what is recorded in the previous chapter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the house where had been” or “of the house in which he had been teaching” @@ -2070,6 +2070,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 13:8 e91e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὃ μὲν ἑκατὸν, ὃ δὲ ἑξήκοντα, ὃ δὲ τριάκοντα 1 Here Jesus means that plants produced **100**, **60**, or **30** new seeds. Scholars estimate that these numbers are very good in Jesus’ time period, although not impossible or unheard of. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make these ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “and they produced a very good harvest, with some plants producing 100 seeds, and some plants producing 60 seeds, and other plants producing 30 seeds” or “many times more than the farmer planted: some 100 times more, and some 60 times more, and some 30 times more” 13:9 q2e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων ὦτα, ἀκουέτω 1 This verse is almost identical to [11:15](../11/15.md), although that verse includes the phrase “to hear” after **ears**. Express the idea as you did in [11:15](../11/15.md), but omit the phrase “to hear” if you expressed it explicitly there. 13:10 utyp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations εἶπαν αὐτῷ, διὰ τί ἐν παραβολαῖς λαλεῖς αὐτοῖς? 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “asked him for what reason he spoke to them in parables.” +13:10 gqnu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular λαλεῖς 1 Here, the word **you** is singular since the disciples are speaking to Jesus. 13:10 b16z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the “crowd” that was standing on the shore of the sea to listen to Jesus (see [13:2](../13/02.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “to the crowd” 13:11 g2cs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” 13:11 fc5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive δέδοται & οὐ δέδοται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God has given … God has not given” @@ -2119,7 +2120,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 13:19 sb7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ πονηρὸς 1 Here, the phrase **the evil one** refers to the devil, Satan. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the devil” or “the evil one, Satan,” 13:19 r9u6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸ ἐσπαρμένον ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “what someone sowed” 13:19 xi8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 In Jesus’s culture, the **heart** is the place where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the place where humans think and feel in your culture or by expressing the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “in his head” or “in his thoughts”\n -13:19 nkux rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτοῦ 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his or her” or “that person‘s” +13:19 nkux rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτοῦ 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his or her” or “that person’s” 13:19 wfd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν σπαρείς 1 Here Jesus speaks about what happens to this person as if it were what happened in the parable when the seed was sown **beside the road**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form. Alternative translation: “When this happens, it is like what happened to the seed that was sown beside the road” 13:19 xgz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns οὗτός 1 The pronoun **This** refers to the person whom Jesus has described in the previous sentence. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to the person more directly. Alternate translation: “That person” or “He” 13:19 mau3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁ παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν σπαρείς 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the farmer who was sowing seed. Alternate translation: “what the farmer sowed beside the road” @@ -2166,14 +2167,15 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 13:24 di7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns σπέρμα 1 Here, the word **seed** is singular in form, but it refers to many seeds as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “seeds” 13:25 f6s9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοὺς ἀνθρώπους 1 Here, the phrase **the men** could refer to: (1) the farmer and the people who help take care of his field and crops. Alternate translation: “the man and his helpers” (2) people in general. Alternate translation: “people” or “everyone” 13:25 q4tv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ζιζάνια 1 The word **darnel** refers to a plant that looks like a wheat plant, but the grain that it produces can be poisonous. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of plant, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “weeds” or “poisonous plants that look like wheat” -13:25 yz0t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπῆλθεν 1 Here the implication is that the **enemy** sowed the **darnel** and *went away** without the farmer and his workers noticing what he had done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “went without the men noticing what he had done” +13:25 yz0t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπῆλθεν 1 Here the implication is that the **enemy** sowed the **darnel** and **went away** without the farmer and his workers noticing what he had done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “went without the men noticing what he had done” 13:26 cu8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐβλάστησεν ὁ χόρτος καὶ καρπὸν ἐποίησεν 1 Here Jesus refers to the how seeds sprouted as small **blades** of grass and then grew until they began to produce heads of grain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could describe this process more explicitly. Alternate translation: “the wheat sprouted and grew until it began to produce heads of grain” 13:26 ymqc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐφάνη καὶ τὰ ζιζάνια 1 Here Jesus means that the field workers recognized that some plants were **darnel** once the wheat and the darnel had **sprouted** and grown. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the darnel also grew and became recognizable” 13:26 fqoj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὰ ζιζάνια 1 Translate the word **darnel** as you did in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “the weeds” or “the poisonous plants that look like wheat” 13:27 e1v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” -13:27 h51x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ οἰκοδεσπότου 1 The **landowner** is the farmer who owns the field. He is the “man” whom Jesus already mentioned in [13:24](../13/24.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the man, the one who owned the field” or “of the farmer who owned the field” +13:27 h51x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ οἰκοδεσπότου 1 The **master of the house** is the farmer who owns the field. He is the “man” whom Jesus already mentioned in [13:24](../13/24.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the man, the one who owned the field” or “of the farmer who owned the field” 13:27 xxjy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἶπον αὐτῷ, Κύριε, οὐχὶ καλὸν σπέρμα ἔσπειρας ἐν τῷ σῷ ἀγρῷ? πόθεν οὖν ἔχει ζιζάνια? 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “asked him, their master, about whether he had sown good seed in his field and about where the darnel came from.” 13:27 gr7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐχὶ καλὸν σπέρμα ἔσπειρας ἐν τῷ σῷ ἀγρῷ? 1 The servants are using the question form to indicate that they know that the farmer sowed **good seed**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “we realize that you sowed good seed in your field.” or “you certainly sowed good seed in your field!” +13:27 bycx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular οὐχὶ & ἔσπειρας & σῷ 1 Here, the words **you** and **your** are singular since the servants are speaking to the master of the house. 13:27 fb86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐχὶ & ἔσπειρας 1 The landowner probably had his servants plant the seeds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “did you not have us sow” 13:27 ikxr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καλὸν σπέρμα 1 Here, the phrase **good seed** refers to seed that sprouts into plants that produce helpful crops. Express the idea as you did in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “seed that sprouts into productive plants” 13:27 izdl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns σπέρμα 1 Here, the word **seed** is singular in form, but it refers to many seeds as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “seeds” @@ -2185,6 +2187,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 13:28 ljm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 2 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” 13:28 rt1o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes λέγουσιν αὐτῷ, θέλεις οὖν ἀπελθόντες, συλλέξωμεν αὐτά? 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “ask him whether he would desire that, having gone out, they would gather them.” 13:28 wufi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγουσιν 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said” +13:28 p8ij rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular θέλεις οὖν 1 Here, the word **you** is singular since the servants are speaking to the master of the house. 13:28 z5w6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπελθόντες, συλλέξωμεν αὐτά 1 Here the servants mean that they could go to the field, pull up the weeds, and **gather them** in one place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make these ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “having out to your field, we would pull up and gather them together” 13:28 num8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive συλλέξωμεν 1 By **we**, the servants means themselves but not the farmer, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 13:28 l2fu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτά 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the weed plants. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to them more directly. Alternate translation: “the weeds” @@ -2229,6 +2232,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 13:36 vk44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said” 13:36 xsg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations λέγοντες, διασάφησον ἡμῖν τὴν παραβολὴν τῶν ζιζανίων τοῦ ἀγροῦ 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “asking him to explain to them the parable of the darnel of the field.” 13:36 gn0b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative διασάφησον ἡμῖν 1 This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “We ask that you explain to us” +13:36 b4au rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular διασάφησον 1 Here, the command is singular because the disciples are speaking to Jesus. 13:36 mq8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὴν παραβολὴν τῶν ζιζανίων τοῦ ἀγροῦ 1 Here, the disciples are using the possessive form to describe the **parable** that was about **the darnel** that grew in **the field**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the parable concerning the darnel that grew in the field” 13:36 crrv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τῶν ζιζανίων 1 Translate the word **darnel** as you did in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “of the weeds” or “of the poisonous plants that look like wheat” 13:37 g8ht rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” @@ -2248,58 +2252,99 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 13:38 eni3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὰ & ζιζάνιά 1 Translate the word **darnel** as you did in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “the weeds” or “the poisonous plants that look like wheat” 13:38 fjuc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ 1 The expression **the sons of the evil one** refers to people who belong to or follow **the evil one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people who belong to the evil one” or “people who follow the evil one” 13:38 sfit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ πονηροῦ 1 Here, the phrase **the evil one** refers to the devil, Satan. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Express the idea as you did in [13:19](../13/19.md). Alternate translation: “of the devil” or “of the evil one, Satan,” -13:40 rn64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὥσπερ οὖν συλλέγεται τὰ ζιζάνια καὶ πυρὶ κατακαίεται, οὕτως ἔσται ἐν τῇ συντελείᾳ τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 Jesus is comparing the parable to what is actually going to happen when God judges the world. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Therefore, similar to how the weeds were gathered up, this is what God is going to do with evil doers when he judges the world” -13:40 hzih rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases οὕτως ἔσται ἐν τῇ συντελείᾳ τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 The word **thus** means “like this,” and it tells the reader that Jesus is going to explain the meaning of the parable in the following passage. Make sure this is clear to your readers. Alternate translation: “in the end days, it will be like this:” -13:41 fiy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ἀποστελεῖ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ 1 See how you translated **Son of Man** in [13:37](../13/37.md). -13:41 p5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐκ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus is using the term **kingdom** here to refer to the whole world. If it would be helpful to your readers, make sure they understand this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from the whole world, which he rules over,” -13:41 ptw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πάντα τὰ σκάνδαλα 1 Here, the phrase **stumbling blocks** is speaking about people who cause other people to sin. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the one causing others to sin” -13:42 d9md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός 1 Here, Jesus is referring to hell as a **furnace of fire**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “hell, which is hot like a fiery furnace” -13:42 zu3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων 1 Here, **grinding of the teeth** is a symbolic act, representing extreme pain and suffering. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “weeping and extreme suffering” -13:43 azqy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj οἱ δίκαιοι 1 Jesus is using the adjective **righteous** as a noun in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are righteous” -13:43 u6sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος 1 Here, Jesus is describing **the righteous** as if they were shining like **the sun**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way, as in the UST. -13:43 j487 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ 1 Jesus is using the term **kingdom** to mean where God dwells and where the righteous will dwell with him. Alternate translation: “when they are dwelling with God” -13:43 sea2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτῶν 1 **Father** is an important title that describes the relationship between Jesus and God. Be sure to retain this title in your translation. -13:43 zxh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων ὦτα, ἀκουέτω 1 See how you translated a similar phrase in [11:15](../11/15.md). -13:44-46 fjm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables 0 In [13:44-46](../13/44-46.md), Jesus describes **the kingdom of heaven** by telling two parables about people who sold their possessions to purchase something of great value. -13:44 tac2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν θησαυρῷ κεκρυμμένῳ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ 1 Here, Jesus is comparing **the kingdom of the heavens** with when a person finds **treasure**. He is saying that God’s kingdom is as valuable to a person as a very expensive treasure which someone might find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the heavens is similar to a very valuable item which is found in a field” -13:44 e9cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **kingdom of the heavens** in [3:2](../03/02.md). -13:44 wg6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive κεκρυμμένῳ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which someone hid” -13:44 k9rh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown θησαυρῷ 1 A **treasure** is a very valuable and precious thing or collection of things. Your language and culture may have a term for this that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “a very valuable item” -13:45 c633 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ζητοῦντι καλοὺς μαργαρίτας 1 The author is implying here that the man is **seeking fine pearls** because he wants to buy them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “seeking to buy fine pearls” -13:45 znbs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile πάλιν ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἀνθρώπῳ ἐμπόρῳ ζητοῦντι καλοὺς μαργαρίτας 1 Here, Jesus is comparing **the kingdom of God** with **fine pearls**. He is saying that it is very valuable to a person just like pearls are to a person who buys them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning plainly, as expressed in the UST -13:45 auj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **the kingdom of the heavens** in the previous verse. -13:45 khy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀνθρώπῳ ἐμπόρῳ 1 A **merchant** is a trader who often obtains merchandise from distant places and takes it elsewhere to sell it to other people. If your readers would not understand the word **merchant**, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a person who sells items” -13:45 b88q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown καλοὺς μαργαρίτας 1 These pearls are beautiful and valuable mineral balls that people use as jewelry. They are formed inside the shell of a creature that lives at the bottom of the ocean. If your readers would not be familiar with pearls, you could express this idea in a more general way. Alternate translation: “decorations made from valuable materials” -13:47 vw24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables 0 # General Information\n\n\nJesus describes **the kingdom of heaven** by telling a parable about fishermen who use a large net to catch fish. -13:47 s2dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo 0 Jesus explains the meaning of the parable in [13:49](../13/49.md), so you do not need to explain the meaning here. -13:47 g79n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν σαγήνῃ βληθείσῃ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ ἐκ παντὸς γένους συναγαγούσῃ 1 Here, Jesus compares **the kingdom of the heavens** with how a **net** catches many different kinds of fish. In this sentence, Jesus is not comparing the kingdom of the heavens with the net itself. He is rather comparing the kingdom of the heavens with what the net is doing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of the heavens is comparable to how a net cast into the see gathers every kind of fish in it” -13:47 rjm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **the kingdom of the heavens** in [3:2](../03/02.md). -13:47 vrp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁμοία & σαγήνῃ βληθείσῃ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is like a net which fisherman threw into the sea” -13:48 aqhl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐπληρώθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “fish filled the net” -13:48 cnp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τὰ καλὰ & τὰ & σαπρὰ 1 Jesus is using the adjectives **good** and **worthless** as a noun here in order to describe a group of as either good for eating or not good for eating. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “good fish … worthless fish” -13:49 zawv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐξελεύσονται οἱ ἄγγελοι 1 Jesus does not say where the angels **go out** from. Jesus and his audience would have known that the angels went out from God’s presence. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The angels will go out from God’s presence” -13:49 ah2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοὺς πονηροὺς & τῶν δικαίων 1 Jesus is using the adjectives **wicked** and **righteous** as nouns in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are wicked … people who are righteous” -13:50 j8nf καὶ βαλοῦσιν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός. ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων 1 See how you translated this verse in [13:42](../13/42.md). -13:51 p5ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations συνήκατε ταῦτα πάντα? λέγουσιν αὐτῷ, ναί. 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could express these as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “Jesus asked them if they had understood all this, and they said that they did understand.” -13:52 g4dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy μαθητευθεὶς τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **the kingdom of the heavens** in [3:2](../03/02.md). -13:52 gr36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables 0 In this parable, he talks about a man who gives people treasures out of his old and new belongings. -13:52 ip6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile πᾶς γραμματεὺς & ὅμοιός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπῳ οἰκοδεσπότῃ, ὅστις ἐκβάλλει ἐκ τοῦ θησαυροῦ αὐτοῦ καινὰ καὶ παλαιά 1 Here, Jesus is comparing a **scribe** who obeys Jesus with **a man** who gives people new and old things from his treasure. Here, the treasure is referring to both old teachings of the law as well as new teachings which Jesus is bringing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every scribe … is comparable to a person who gives old and new things from their valuable items” or “every scribe … teaches both new and old teachings, which are like treasures to the people whom they teach” -13:52 g59c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοῦ θησαυροῦ αὐτοῦ 1 See how you translated **treasure** in [13:44](../13/44.md). -13:53 jwv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory καὶ ἐγένετο ὅτε ἐτέλεσεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὰς παραβολὰς ταύτας, μετῆρεν ἐκεῖθεν 1 This verse tells the reader that the story about Jesus telling many parable to others is ending. Use the natural form in your language for expressing the conclusion of a story. -13:54 qnh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ ἐλθὼν εἰς τὴν πατρίδα αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus is using the phrase **And having entered into his hometown** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a way in your language that people use to introduce a new event. -13:54 q3ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν πατρίδα αὐτοῦ 1 Here, **his hometown** refers to the town of Nazareth, where Jesus grew up. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “his hometown, Nazareth” -13:54 b3d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πόθεν τούτῳ ἡ σοφία αὕτη καὶ αἱ δυνάμεις? 1 The people asked this question because they did not believe that Jesus had the power to do miracles and heal people. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “How can it be that this man has such great wisdom and does these miracles” -13:55 rk5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱός? οὐχ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ λέγεται Μαριὰμ, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ, Ἰάκωβος, καὶ Ἰωσὴφ, καὶ Σίμων, καὶ Ἰούδας? 1 The crowd uses these questions to express their belief that they know who Jesus is and that he is just an ordinary man. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “He is just the son of a carpenter. We know his mother Mary, and his brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas.” -13:55 rpj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱός 1 The word **carpenter** here is referring to someone who builds with wood. If your readers would not understand the word **carpenter**, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the son of the man who builds with wood” -13:55 qspg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱός 1 Jesus is using the phrase **the carpenter** to mean Jospeh, Jesus’ earthly father. Alternate translation: “the son of Joseph, the carpenter” -13:56 m9pn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion αἱ ἀδελφαὶ αὐτοῦ οὐχὶ πᾶσαι πρὸς ἡμᾶς εἰσιν? 1 The crowd uses this question to express their belief that they know who Jesus is and that he is just an ordinary man. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “all his sisters are with us, too.” -13:56 bnv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πόθεν οὖν τούτῳ ταῦτα πάντα? 1 The crowd uses this question to show their doubt concerning where Jesus got his abilities from. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We do not know where he got these abilities!” -13:56 pqf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῦτα πάντα 1 Here, **all these things** refers to Jesus’ wisdom and ability to do miracles mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “are his wisdom and ability to do miracles” -13:57 f5md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐσκανδαλίζοντο ἐν αὐτῷ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jesus offended them” -13:57 azn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἔστιν προφήτης ἄτιμος 1 Jesus uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “A prophet is always honored,” -13:57 sq8j τῇ πατρίδι 1 See how you translated **hometown** in [4:2](../04/02.md). -13:57 w4x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus uses the phrase **in his house** to refer to his closest relatives, like his father, mother, or siblings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “among his closest family members” or “by his father, mother, and siblings” -13:58 e2cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ οὐκ ἐποίησεν ἐκεῖ δυνάμεις πολλὰς, διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Since they did not believe, Jesus did not do many miracles in that place” +13:39 k7r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁ & ἐχθρὸς, ὁ σπείρας αὐτά, ἐστιν ὁ διάβολος 1 Here Jesus speaks as if **the enemy having sowed them** were **the devil**. He means that **the enemy** represents or is like **the devil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or in another way. Alternate translation: “the enemy having sowed them represents the devil” or “the enemy having sowed them should be interpreted as the devil” +13:39 n7oh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτά 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the darnel. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to the plant more directly. Alternate translation: “the darnel” or “the weeds” +13:39 fpfq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁ δὲ θερισμὸς συντέλεια αἰῶνός ἐστιν 1 Here Jesus speaks as if **the harvest** were **the end of the age**. He means that **the harvest** represents or is like **the end of the age**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or in another way. Alternate translation: “And the harvest represents the end of the age” or “the harvest should be interpreted as the end of the age” +13:39 vvbm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom συντέλεια αἰῶνός 1 Here, the phrase **the end of the age** refers to when the current time period will cease and a new **age** will begin. If your language has a way to refer to the end of the way things are now, you could use it here, or you could use a descriptive phrase. Alternate translation: “the end of the world” or “the moment in the future when the current way of doing things will cease” +13:39 vypb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οἱ & θερισταὶ ἄγγελοί εἰσιν 1 Here Jesus speaks as if **the reapers** were **angels**. He means that **the reapers** represent or are like **angels**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or in another way. Alternate translation: “the reapers represent angels” or “the reapers should be interpreted as angels” +13:40 k7en rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Here, the word **Therefore** introduces an inference or conclusion based on how Jesus has interpreted the story about the **darnel** and the grain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an inference or conclusion, or you could leave **Therefore** untranslated. Alternate translation: “So then” +13:40 rn64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὥσπερ & συλλέγεται τὰ ζιζάνια καὶ πυρὶ κατακαίεται, οὕτως ἔσται ἐν τῇ συντελείᾳ τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 Here Jesus compares how **the darnel are gathered and burned with fire** to what will happen **at the end of the age**. Jesus explains this comparison in the following verses, so you do not need to explain it here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that clearly compares **the end of the age** with how **the darnel are gathered and burned with fire**. Alternate translation: “think about how the darnel are gathered and burned with fire. That is what the end of the age will be like” +13:40 whlc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive συλλέγεται τὰ ζιζάνια καὶ πυρὶ κατακαίεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the workers who were harvesting. Alternate translation: “the ones who are harvesting gather the darnel and burn them with fire” +13:40 hzih rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν τῇ συντελείᾳ τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 See how you translated the phrase **the end of the age** in [13:39](../13/39.md). Alternate translation: “during the end of the world” or “at the moment in the future when the current way of doing things will cease” +13:41 fiy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ἀποστελεῖ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ & τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ 1 Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man, will send out my angels … my kingdom” +13:41 mp2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “The Messiah” +13:41 p5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit συλλέξουσιν ἐκ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ 1 Here Jesus implies that the angels will **gather** these things and people and remove them **from his kingdom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they will gather and take out of his kingdom” +13:41 ptw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πάντα τὰ σκάνδαλα 1 Here, Jesus speaks of things that cause people to sin as if they were **stumbling blocks**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the things that lead people to disobey” +13:41 chpx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰ σκάνδαλα 1 Here, the phrase **stumbling blocks** could refer to: (1) things that cause people to stumble. Alternate translation: “the things that cause people to stumble” (2) people who cause others to stumble. Alternate translation: “the ones who cause others to stumble” +13:41 clel rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τοὺς ποιοῦντας τὴν ἀνομίαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **lawlessness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the ones who are lawless” or “the ones doing what is lawless” +13:42 fndw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns βαλοῦσιν αὐτοὺς 1 The pronoun **they** refers to the angels. The pronoun **them** refers to the people and things that the angels gathered (see [13:41](../13/41.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people and things more directly. Alternate translation: “those angels will throw the people and things that they gathered” +13:42 lqpq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **furnace** that is full of **fire**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the fiery furnace” or “the furnace blazing with fire” +13:42 d9md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός 1 Here, the phrase **the furnace of fire** refers to hell and describes at as a very unpleasant place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “hell, which is as hot as a furnace of fire” or “hell” +13:42 zu3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would grind their **teeth** when they experienced anger, grief, and pain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to an action with comparable meaning or state the meaning of this action plainly. See how you translated this phrase in [8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate translation: “beating of breasts” or “grinding of the teeth in anger and pain”\n +13:43 azqy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj οἱ δίκαιοι 1 Jesus is using the adjective **righteous** as a noun to mean righteous people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are righteous” +13:43 u5c9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐκλάμψουσιν 1 Here Jesus speaks of how great and glorious **the righteous** will be by describing them as if they **will shine**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will have glory, as if they were shining” or “will have glory” +13:43 u6sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὡς ὁ ἥλιος 1 Here Jesus compares how **the righteous will shine** to how **the sun** shines. He means that they will shine very brightly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning of the comparison more explicitly. Alternate translation: “as brightly as the sun shines” +13:43 sea2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτῶν 1 This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “God, who is their Father”\n +13:43 zxh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων ὦτα, ἀκουέτω 1 See how you translated the identical sentence in [13:9](../13/09.md). +13:44 fjm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν θησαυρῷ 1 To teach the disciples, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Listen to this story: the kingdom of the heavens is like a treasure” +13:44 wg6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive κεκρυμμένῳ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “that someone had hidden” +13:44 xmem rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense ὃν εὑρὼν ἄνθρωπος ἔκρυψεν, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς αὐτοῦ ὑπάγει καὶ πωλεῖ πάντα ὅσα ἔχει, καὶ ἀγοράζει τὸν ἀγρὸν ἐκεῖνον 1 Here Jesus tells the story partly in the past tense and partly in the present tense. This was a natural way to tell the story in his language. Consider what tense your language might use to tell this kind of story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the same tense throughout the story. Alternate translation: “which, finding, a man hides. And from his joy, he goes and sells everything, as much as he has, and buys that field” +13:44 e9cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὃν εὑρὼν ἄνθρωπος ἔκρυψεν 1 Here Jesus means that the man **found** the treasure, but then he **hid** it again so that no one else would find it before he could buy the field. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “which a man found and then hid again” +13:44 tac2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς αὐτοῦ ὑπάγει 1 Here Jesus could mean that: (1) the man sold everything and bought the field because of **his joy**. Alternate translation: “because of his joy, he goes” (2) the man sold everything and bought the field while he experienced **joy**. Alternate translation: “joyfully he goes” +13:44 k9rh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς αὐτοῦ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **joy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the interpretation you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “because of how joyful he was” +13:44 or3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo πάντα ὅσα ἔχει 1 The expression **everything, as much as he has** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “everything that he has” +13:44 yd64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀγοράζει τὸν ἀγρὸν ἐκεῖνον 1 Here Jesus implies that the man **buys that field** so that he can also own the treasure. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “buys that field and the treasure in it” or “buys that field so he can possess the treasure” +13:45 efps rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases πάλιν 1 Here, the word **Again** introduces another parable or short story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces another story, or you could leave **Again** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Also” or “Even further” +13:45 vv91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἀνθρώπῳ 1 To teach the disciples, Jesus offers another story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “listen to this story: the kingdom of the heavens is like a man” +13:45 khy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀνθρώπῳ ἐμπόρῳ ζητοῦντι 1 A **merchant** is a trader who buys merchandise and sells it to people. If your readers would not be familiar with this occupation, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a man, a shopkeeper, seeking” or “a man who sold goods who was seeking” +13:45 c633 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ζητοῦντι καλοὺς μαργαρίτας 1 Jesus implies that the man is **seeking fine pearls** because he wants to buy them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “seeking to buy fine pearls” +13:45 b88q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown καλοὺς μαργαρίτας 1 The word **pearls** refers to beautiful and valuable mineral balls that people use as jewelry. When **pearls** are **fine**, they are particularly beautiful and valuable. If your readers would not be familiar with **pearls**, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. See how you translated **pearls** in [7:6](../07/06.md). Alternate translation: “beautiful jewelry” or “very valuable beads” +13:46 z2su rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἕνα πολύτιμον μαργαρίτην 1 See how you translated “pearls” in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “one piece of very valuable jewelry” or “one very valuable bead” +13:46 jqyq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo πάντα ὅσα εἶχεν, καὶ 1 The expression **everything, as much as he had** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. See how you translated the similar phrase in [13:44](../13/44.md). Alternate translation: “everything that he had and” +13:47 pv0u rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases πάλιν 1 Here, the word **Again** introduces another parable or short story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces another story, or you could leave **Again** untranslated. See how you translated this word in [13:45](../13/45.md). Alternate translation: “Also” or “Even further” +13:47 vw24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν σαγήνῃ 1 To teach the disciples, Jesus offers another story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “listen to this story: the kingdom of the heavens is like a net” +13:47 g79n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown σαγήνῃ 1 Some cultures use a **net** to catch fish. A **net** is a mesh or network of cords or ropes which fishermen throw into the water to trap many fish at once. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to how people catch many fish at once in your culture, or you could use a general phrase. See how you translated the similar word in [4:18](../04/18.md). Alternate translation: “a fish trap” or “a fishing tool”\n +13:47 vrp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive βληθείσῃ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject or refer to people who fish. Alternate translation: “that fisherman cast” +13:47 rjm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐκ παντὸς γένους συναγαγούσῃ 1 Here Jesus means that **every kind** of fish was trapped in the **net**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having collected every kind of fish” or “having caught some fish of every kind” +13:47 e64h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole παντὸς γένους 1 Jesus says **every kind** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “very many kinds” +13:48 aqhl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐπληρώθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was fish. Alternate translation: “fish filled it up” +13:48 pgfb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸν αἰγιαλὸν 1 See how you translated **beach** in [13:2](../13/02.md). Alternate translation: “the edge of the sea” or “the sandy area by the water” +13:48 rfn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καθίσαντες 1 Here Jesus implies that the people **sat down** to sort through the fish to find the useful ones. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having sat down to separate the fish” +13:48 cnp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns συνέλεξαν 1 The pronoun **they** refers to the fishermen who cast the net into the sea. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the fishermen gathered” +13:48 xwy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰ καλὰ & τὰ & σαπρὰ 1 Here Jesus is referring to **good** fish and **rotten** fish. The **good** fish are good for eating, while the **rotten** fish are not good for eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the useful fish … the worthless fish” or “the fish that were good to eat … the fish that were not good to eat” +13:49 hto2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν τῇ συντελείᾳ τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 See how you translated the phrase **the end of the age** in [13:39](../13/39.md). Alternate translation: “during the end of the world” or “at the moment in the future when the current way of doing things will cease”\n +13:49 zawv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐξελεύσονται οἱ ἄγγελοι 1 Jesus does not say where the angels **go out** from. Jesus and his audience would have known that the angels went out from God’s presence in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “The angels will go out from God’s presence” or “The angels will go out from heaven” +13:49 lmhj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελεύσονται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “will come out” +13:49 ah2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοὺς πονηροὺς & τῶν δικαίων 1 Jesus is using the adjectives **wicked** and **righteous** as nouns to mean people who are **wicked** or **righteous**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “wicked people … righteous people” +13:50 j8nf καὶ βαλοῦσιν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός. ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων 1 This verse is identical to [13:42](../13/42.md), so express the idea as you did there. Make sure that your translation still fits the context of this verse. +13:51 g9k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῦτα πάντα 1 Here Jesus refers to what he has been teaching the disciples (see [13:37–50](../13/37.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “all these things I have told you” or “everything I have been teaching you” +13:51 p5ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations λέγουσιν αὐτῷ, ναί. 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “They say to him that they do.” +13:51 k6bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγουσιν 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “They said” +13:52 vw8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +13:52 clwe rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 Here, the phrase **For this reason** could introduce: (1) a general conclusion to Jesus’ teaching in this chapter. Alternate translation: “Given all that I have said” (2) an inference from what the disciples said about how they understood what Jesus had taught them. Alternate translation: “Because you understand” or “Therefore” +13:52 z8sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit γραμματεὺς 1 The word **scribe** usually refers to teachers of the Jewish law. Here it refers more generally to anyone who is an expert in a specific subject and can teach it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “educated person” or “expert” +13:52 g4dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive μαθητευθεὶς 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could refer generally to the scribe’s teacher or leader. Alternate translation: “whose teacher has disciplined him or her” +13:52 diu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 Here, the phrase **discipled for the kingdom of the heavens** indicates that the scribes are part of **the kingdom of the heavens** and have knowledge about **the kingdom of the heavens**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make these ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “concerning the kingdom of the heavens” or “as part of the kingdom of the heavens” +13:52 ip6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὅμοιός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπῳ οἰκοδεσπότῃ, ὅστις ἐκβάλλει ἐκ τοῦ θησαυροῦ αὐτοῦ καινὰ καὶ παλαιά 1 Here, Jesus is comparing the **scribe** and **the master of the house** because they both use **new** and **old** things to help other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this comparison more explicitly. Alternate translation: “is like a man, the master of the house, who brings forth new and old goods from his treasure, just as a scribe speaks both old and new teachings” +13:52 o2wl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj καινὰ καὶ παλαιά 1 Jesus is using the adjectives **new** and **old** as nouns to mean things that are **new** and **old**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “new things and old things” +13:52 g59c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τοῦ θησαυροῦ αὐτοῦ 1 Here, just as in [12:35](../12/35.md), the word **treasure** could refer to: (1) a place where treasures are kept or stored. Alternate translation: “his treasury” or “his storehouse” (2) the treasures that the person has. Alternate translation: “his treasures”\n +13:53 jwv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory καὶ ἐγένετο ὅτε ἐτέλεσεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὰς παραβολὰς ταύτας, μετῆρεν ἐκεῖθεν 1 This sentence marks the end of Jesus’ teaching by stating that Jesus **finished** speaking in **parables** and then describing what he did next. Use the natural form in your language for expressing the conclusion of a story. Alternate translation: “At that time, Jesus finished speaking all those parables. Then, he departed from there” +13:53 gk4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐκεῖθεν 1 Here, the word **there** refers to the “house” (see [13:36](../13/36.md)) where Jesus was when he gave to his disciples the instructions and parables that are quoted in the previous verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from the house where he had been staying” or “from where he had been” +13:54 qnh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone” +13:54 q3ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν πατρίδα αὐτοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **his hometown** refers to the town of Nazareth, where Jesus grew up. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “his hometown, Nazareth” +13:54 gjw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοὺς ἐν & αὐτῶν & αὐτοὺς 1 The pronouns **them**, **their**, and **they** refer to the people who were living in Jesus’ **hometown**. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the people living there in their … they” +13:54 icmm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐκπλήσσεσθαι αὐτοὺς 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Jesus and what he said and did. Alternate translation: “he astonished them” or “what he said astonished them” +13:54 b3d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πόθεν τούτῳ ἡ σοφία αὕτη καὶ αἱ δυνάμεις? 1 The people in Jesus’ hometown are using the question form to express their surprise that Jesus has **wisdom** and can do **miracles**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “We are surprised that this one has this wisdom and these miracles.” or “We have no idea where to this one is this wisdom and these miracles!” +13:54 gmst rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom πόθεν τούτῳ ἡ σοφία αὕτη 1 Here, the phrase **From where to this one** asks about the source from which Jesus received his **wisdom** and the power to do **miracles**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “What is the source of this wisdom” or “How did he receive this wisdom” +13:54 xwfd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἡ σοφία αὕτη 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “is this wise teaching” or “comes how wise he is” +13:55 rk5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱός? οὐχ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ λέγεται Μαριὰμ, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ, Ἰάκωβος, καὶ Ἰωσὴφ, καὶ Σίμων, καὶ Ἰούδας? 1 The people are using the question form to show that they know Jesus’ family. They mean that Jesus is just an ordinary person. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or exclamations. Alternate translation: “He is just the son of a carpenter. We know his mother Mary, and his brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas.” or “He is only the son of the carpenter! His mother is called Mary, and his brothers, James and Joseph and Simon and Judas!” +13:55 rpj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοῦ τέκτονος 1 The word **carpenter** refers to someone who builds things with wood. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of worker, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “of the man who builds with wood” or “of the construction worker” +13:55 f26b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὐχ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ λέγεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “Do they not call his mother” or “Is not the name of his mother” +13:55 ng4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ, Ἰάκωβος 1 The people are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and are not his brothers called James” +13:55 qspg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ 1 These were Jesus' younger **brothers**. They were sons of Mary and Joseph. Since the Father of Jesus was God, and their father was Joseph, they were actually his half-brothers. That detail is not normally translated, but if your language has a specific word for “younger brother,” you could use it here. +13:55 l3zy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ἰωσὴφ & Σίμων & Ἰούδας 1 The words **Joseph**, **Simon**, and **Judas** are the names of men. +13:56 m9pn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion αἱ ἀδελφαὶ αὐτοῦ οὐχὶ πᾶσαι πρὸς ἡμᾶς εἰσιν? 1 The people are using the question form to show that they know Jesus’ family. They mean that Jesus is just an ordinary person. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this question as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “all his sisters are with us.” or “we all know that all his sisters are with us!” +13:56 bnv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πόθεν οὖν τούτῳ ταῦτα πάντα? 1 The people are using the question form to express their surprise that Jesus can do **all these things**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “We are surprised, therefore that this one has all these things.” or “We have no idea, therefore, where to this one are all these things!” +13:56 wuck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom πόθεν οὖν τούτῳ ταῦτα πάντα 1 Here, the phrase **From where, therefore, to this one** asks about the source from which Jesus received the ability to do **all these things**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “What is the source, therefore, of all these things” or “How, therefore, did he receive all these things” +13:56 gko3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result πόθεν οὖν τούτῳ 1 Here, the word **therefore** introduces an inference based on the fact that the people in Jesus’ hometown know his family. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of inference, or you could leave **therefore** untranslated. Alternate translation: “So then, from where to this one” or “Because of that, from where to this one” +13:56 pqf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῦτα πάντα 1 Here, the phrase **all these things** refers to Jesus’ wisdom and ability to do miracles, as mentioned in the previous verse ([13:55](../13/55.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “are his wisdom and miracles” +13:57 f5md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐσκανδαλίζοντο ἐν αὐτῷ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they took offense at him” or “he offended them” +13:57 azn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἔστιν & ἄτιμος 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative preposition **without**. Alternate translation: “has honor” or “is always honored” +13:57 feli rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἄτιμος 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **honor**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “dishonored” or “treated dishonorably” +13:57 sq8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions οὐκ ἔστιν προφήτης ἄτιμος, εἰ μὴ 1 If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “A prophet is only without honor” +13:57 w4x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus uses the phrase **in his house** to refer to his closest relatives, like his father, mother, or siblings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “among his closest family members” or “among his father, mother, or siblings” +13:58 e2cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐκ ἐποίησεν ἐκεῖ δυνάμεις πολλὰς, διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “because of their unbelief, he did not do many miracles there” +13:58 nidv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **unbelief**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because they did not believe” 14:intro g5mc 0 # Matthew 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nVerses 1 and 2 continue the account from chapter 13. Verses 3-12 stop the account and speak of things that happened earlier, possibly soon after Satan tempted Jesus (See: [4:12](../mat/04/12.md)). Verse 13 continues the account from verse 2. Be sure to have words in verses 3-12 that tell the reader that Matthew has stopped his account to give new information before he continues. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])\n\n## Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Passive voice\n\nMany sentences in this chapter tell that a person had something happen to him without saying who caused that thing to happen. For example, the writer does not tell who brought John’s head to Herodias’s daughter ([14:11](../mat/14/11.md)). You may have to translate the sentence so that it tells the reader who performed the action. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 14:2 pd1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes καὶ εἶπεν τοῖς παισὶν αὐτοῦ, οὗτός ἐστιν Ἰωάννης ὁ Βαπτιστής; αὐτὸς ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο αἱ δυνάμεις ἐνεργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτῷ 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “And he said to his servants that this is John the Baptist, and that he has been raised from the dead. Because of this, great powers are working in him” 14:2 nx7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive αὐτὸς ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that God did it. Alternate translation: “God raised him from the dead” @@ -2738,7 +2783,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 21:14 a2sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τυφλοὶ καὶ χωλοὶ 1 Matthew is using the adjectives **blind** and **lame** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “people who were blind and people who were lame” 21:14 aku3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown χωλοὶ 1 See how you translated **lame** in [11:5](../11/05.md). 21:15 hft8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰ θαυμάσια 1 This phrase refers implicitly to Jesus healing the blind and lame people in [21:14](../21/14.md). Alternate translation: “the miracles” -21:15 fqr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate ὡσαννὰ 1 See how you translated **Hosanna*** in [21:9](../21/09.md). +21:15 fqr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate ὡσαννὰ 1 See how you translated **Hosanna** in [21:9](../21/09.md). 21:15 c6k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ 1 Jesus was not David’s literal son, so this may be translated as “descendant of king David.” However, “Son of David” is also a title for the Messiah, and the children were probably calling Jesus by this title. See how you translated this in [21:9](../21/09.md). 21:15 r3bs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἠγανάκτησαν 1 It is implied that they were **very angry** because they did not believe Jesus was the Christ and they did not want other people praising him. Alternate translation: “they became very angry because people were praising him” 21:16 zx4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἀκούεις τί οὗτοι λέγουσιν? 1 The chief priests and scribes ask this question to rebuke Jesus because they are angry with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not allow them to say these things about you!” @@ -3509,7 +3554,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 27:19 v8ty rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why Pilate’s wife told him what she said in the previous sentence. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “I say this because” 27:20 ax1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 Here, **now** is used to mark a break in the main story line. Matthew tells background information about why the people chose Barabbas to be released. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. 27:20 al54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αἰτήσωνται τὸν Βαραββᾶν, τὸν δὲ Ἰησοῦν ἀπολέσωσιν 1 Here Matthew implies that **the crowds** asked Pilate **for Barabbas** to be released from prison and for Roman soldiers to **kill Jesus**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they would ask Pilate for Barabbas to be released from prison, but have the Roman soldiers kill Jesus” -27:21 x6vf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν δύο 1 Matthew quotes Pilate using the adjective **two* as a noun in order to refer to the **two** men, Jesus and **Barabbas**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the two prisoners” +27:21 x6vf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν δύο 1 Matthew quotes Pilate using the adjective **two** as a noun in order to refer to the **two** men, Jesus and **Barabbas**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the two prisoners” 27:22 dpb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture λέγει & λέγουσιν πάντες 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said … They all answered” 27:22 zl85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸν λεγόμενον Χριστόν 1 See how you translated this phrase in [27:17](../27/17.md). 27:22 ttva rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive σταυρωθήτω 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Crucify him” @@ -3542,7 +3587,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 27:29 yw94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit στέφανον ἐξ ἀκανθῶν, ἐπέθηκαν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ; καὶ κάλαμον ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ 1 In Roman culture, a **crown** was worn by a king, and a king held a scepter in his right hand. In order to mock Jesus, the soldiers put a **crown** made from **thorns** on Jesus’ head and put **a reed in his right hand** that resembled a king’s scepter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “a crown of thorns, they put it on his head and a reed in his right hand in order to mock him by pretending that they believed he really was a king” 27:29 dlz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony γονυπετήσαντες 1 The act of kneeling down was normally done as a way of honoring kings. The soldiers actually mean to communicate the opposite of the literal meaning of this action. These soldiers do not really believe that Jesus is a king, but rather, they have **knelt down** to mock him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could provide a brief explanation. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “having knelt down as if honoring a king” 27:29 qf8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony ἐνέπαιξαν αὐτῷ λέγοντες, χαῖρε, ὁ Βασιλεῦ τῶν Ἰουδαίων 1 **Hail** was a common greeting, but the soldiers used this greeting in order to mock Jesus. They did not believe that Jesus was really the **King of the Jews**. They actually meant to communicate the opposite of the literal meaning of their words, as Matthew indicates when he says that **they mocked him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “they mocked him by saying, ‘Hail, you so-called King of the Jews’” -27:30 ib5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν κάλαμον 1 Here, **the reed* refers to the stick the soldiers had put in Jesus’ right hand in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the reed from his hand” +27:30 ib5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν κάλαμον 1 Here, **the reed** refers to the stick the soldiers had put in Jesus’ right hand in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the reed from his hand” 27:32 m5bl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 **Now** here indicates that this verse is a break in the main story line. Matthew does this in order to give information about **Simon** from **Cyrene**. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. 27:32 d0ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξερχόμενοι 1 Your language may say “going out” rather than **coming out** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. 27:32 j5wq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐξερχόμενοι 1 Here, **coming out** implies that Jesus and the soldiers came out of the city of Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “as they came out of the city”