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@ -1833,7 +1833,6 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
29:8 ty27 Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
29:8 uw13 you yourselves are having 0 Another possible meaning is “you are encouraging the prophets to have for you.”
29:9 k591 they are prophesying deceitfully … I did not send them 0 This could mean: (1) these words refer to the prophets and diviners, not to the dreams or (2) “they are prophesying deceitfully” refers to the dreams, and “I did not send them” refers to the prophets and diviners.
29:9 dl19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
29:10 j5jj you 0 the captive Israelites
29:10 f7ht rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy years 0 “70 years”
29:12 t5ie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will call to me 0 Praying is spoken of as calling out with a loud voice.
@ -1846,12 +1845,11 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
29:16 nxs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the king who sits on the throne of David 0 Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “the king who rules the Israelites as David did”
29:17 v7vj Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
29:17 c4i2 See 0 This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention”
29:17 u8ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am about to send sword, famine, and disease on them 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for war. The sword, famine, and disease are spoken of as people who can obey Yahweh’s command to harm the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I am going to punish them by having them die in war, from hunger, and from illness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
29:17 u8ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am about to send sword, famine, and disease on them 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “I am going to punish them by having them die in war, from hunger, and from illness”
29:17 u3lc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile For I will make them like rotten figs that are too bad to be eaten 0 Rotten figs are useless because they cannot be eaten, and Yahweh sees no use for the people of Israel.
29:18 pv3g Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Israel.
29:18 c9s9 a horror, an object of curses and hissing, and a shameful thing 0 These words all share similar meanings and describe how the people of other nations will react when they see what Yahweh has done to the people of Judah.
29:18 m2u4 hissing 0 the sound people make when they disapprove of something
29:19 xg4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
29:20 n6ah So you yourselves listen 0 Yahweh is now about to issue a command and wants them to pay attention. Alternate translation: “But as for you, listen carefully”
29:21 hg4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kolaiah … Maaseiah 0 These are the names of men.
29:21 li6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who prophesy falsely to you in my name 0 Here “name” is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “liars who tell you that they are speaking my words to you”
@ -1860,7 +1858,6 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
29:21 rp45 before your eyes 0 Alternate translation: “where you can see him do it”
29:22 bu5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a curse will be spoken about these persons by all the captives of Judah in Babylon 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the captives of Judah in Babylon will say a curse about these persons”
29:22 d1hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism roasted 0 This word usually refers to cooking food over an open fire or in a pan, not to burning completely. This could mean: (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “burned to death” or (2) the king’s men attached them to poles over the fire close enough that the fire would slowly kill them but far enough away that it would not totally consume their bodies.
29:23 siu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
29:24 b1e4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shemaiah 0 This is a man’s name.
29:24 zl7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nehelamite 0 This is the name of a people group.
29:25 l5qk Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
@ -1873,32 +1870,28 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
29:28 v7fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he has sent to us 0 You may need to make explicit what it was that Jeremiah sent. Alternate translation: “he has sent a message to us”
29:28 v3zf Build houses and live in them, and plant gardens and eat their fruit 0 See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:5](../29/05.md).
29:29 vih2 in the hearing of Jeremiah the prophet 0 “so that Jeremiah the prophet could hear him read it.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
29:30 z78k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:”
29:31 ysp9 Shemaiah the Nehelamite 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 29:24](../29/24.md).
29:32 h1dk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the good 0 This can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the good things”
29:32 q7ck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
29:32 bs4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person he has proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh 0 It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “he has urged people to rebel against me”
30:intro pf1y 0 # Jeremiah 30 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:5–24.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God promises restoration\n\nDespite the prophesied punishment in this chapter, Yahweh promises to restore Judah. In addition to this, he also declares that he will ultimately restore Israel. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\nThe author uses the term “Israel” in two different ways. He uses it in reference to the nation of Israel. He also uses it in reference to the people who used to inhabit the northern kingdom of Israel, namely the people group of Israel.
30:1 f64q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:”
30:3 iwm1 For look 0 “For listen carefully.” This phrase brings attention to what Yahweh is going to say next.
30:3 s2us rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor days are coming … when I will restore the fortunes 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will restore the fortunes” or “there will be a time … when I will restore the fortunes”
30:3 db1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
30:3 xt2s I will restore the fortunes of my people, Israel and Judah 0 “I will cause things to go well for my people, Israel and Judah, again” or “I will cause my people, Israel and Judah, to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
30:4 m5dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
30:4 m5dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry.
30:5 l2xq We have heard 0 This could mean: (1) that these are the words of Yahweh referring to himself as “we.” Alternate translation: “I have heard” or (2) that these are the words of the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You people of Jerusalem say, ‘We have heard”
30:5 mej1 a trembling voice of dread and not of peace 0 This could mean: (1) “people cry out in dread because there is no peace” or (2) “you cry out in dread because there is no peace.”
30:6 br85 Ask and see if a man bears a child 0 Alternate translation: “You know that no man has ever given birth to a child”
30:6 t7ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Why do I see every young man with his hand on his loins like a woman bearing a child? Why have all their faces become pale? 0 A woman about to give birth is in great pain and unable to do anything. The young men are so frightened that their bodies hurt, and they are unable to fight. Alternate translation: “The young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
30:7 uva8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for Jacob, but he will be rescued from it 0 The name Jacob is a metonym for the man’s descendants. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
30:6 t7ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Why do I see every young man with his hand on his loins like a woman bearing a child? Why have all their faces become pale? 0 A woman about to give birth is in great pain and unable to do anything. The young men are so frightened that their bodies hurt, and they are unable to fight. Alternate translation: “The young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid.”
30:7 uva8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for Jacob, but he will be rescued from it 0 The name Jacob is a metonym for the man’s descendants. Alternate translation: “for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it”
30:8 h8gt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will break the yoke off your neck, and I will shatter your chains 0 Being a slave is spoken of as wearing a yoke like an animal and wearing chains like a prisoner.
30:9 zlx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person they will worship Yahweh their God … their king … over them 0 Yahweh continues speaking about the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “you will worship Yahweh your God … your king … over you”
30:9 qp76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy David their king 0 This is a metonym for one of David’s descendants. Alternate translation: “a man descended from their King David”
30:10 ff1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my servant Jacob … Israel 0 “Jacob” and “Israel” are the two names of the ancestor of the Israelites, and these names are metonyms for the Israelites. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob … you Israelite people”
30:10 ldb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
30:10 gri4 do not be dismayed 0 Alternate translation: “do not be discouraged”
30:10 anv7 For see, I am 0 Alternate translation: “Listen carefully while I tell you why: I am”
30:10 t49p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns from the land of captivity 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you can express the same idea with the noun “captive.” Alternate translation: “from the place where they were captives”
30:10 zir5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Jacob will return … he will be secure 0 Jacob’s name is a metonym for his descendants. Yahweh speaks to Jacob as if he were speaking to another person. You may need to make explicit to where Jacob will return. Alternate translation: “Jacob will return to his own land … he will be secure” or “The descendants of Jacob will return … they will be secure” or “You descendants of Jacob will return … you will be secure” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
30:10 zir5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Jacob will return … he will be secure 0 Jacob’s name is a metonym for his descendants. Alternate translation: “Jacob will return to his own land … he will be secure” or “The descendants of Jacob will return … they will be secure”
30:10 f2gl secure 0 Alternate translation: “safe”
30:11 e618 where I have scattered you 0 Alternate translation: “where I have sent you”
30:11 zng1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism But I will certainly not put an end to you 0 “But I will not completely destroy you”
@ -1912,11 +1905,10 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
30:14 b768 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the discipline of a cruel master 0 Yahweh has treated his people like a cruel master would treat a rebellious slave.
30:14 m2nq your innumerable sins 0 Alternate translation: “your sins, which are too many to count”
30:15 q12y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you call for help for your injury? 0 Yahweh asks a question here to make the people think about why they are asking him for help now. Alternate translation: “You are calling for help for your injury because you have disobeyed me.” or “Do not call for help for your injury.”
30:16 d7ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So everyone who consumes you will be consumed 0 Destroying the nation is spoken of as consuming or eating it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So those who destroy you, their enemies will destroy them” or “So I will destroy everyone who destroys you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
30:16 d7ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So everyone who consumes you will be consumed 0 Destroying the nation is spoken of as consuming or eating it. Alternate translation: “So those who destroy you, their enemies will destroy them”
30:16 a2ze have plundered … plunder 0 To plunder is to steal from peaceful people using violence, and plunder is what people steal.
30:16 i8dj despoiling … spoil 0 To despoil here is to take items from an enemy one has defeated, and the items one takes are the spoil.
30:17 xdt5 healing … wounds 0 See how you translated these words in [Jeremiah 30:12](../30/12.md).
30:17 wi66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
30:17 bdr3 they called you: Outcast 0 An outcast is a person whom other people do not accept or allow to associate with them. Alternate translation: “they called you: Rejected” or “they said, ‘Nobody wants you’”
30:17 sg4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy No one cares for this Zion 0 The place name “Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in Zion. Alternate translation: “No one cares about the people of Zion”
30:18 bcm3 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
@ -1927,31 +1919,28 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
30:19 hbg1 for I will increase them and not diminish them 0 Alternate translation: “I will cause them to increase in number, not to become fewer”
30:19 z7qu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive so they will not be humbled 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one will humble them”
30:20 tnn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive their assembly will be established before me 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will establish them as a people before me”
30:21 nyu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translates this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
30:23 u8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor See, the tempest of Yahweh, his fury, has gone out 0 This speaks of God’s anger and punishment as if it were a storm. This emphasizes his power and ability to destroy wicked people.
30:24 wc7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns his heart’s intentions 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **intentions**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “intends.” The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “what he intends to do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
30:24 wc7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns his heart’s intentions 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **intentions**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “intends.” Alternate translation: “what he intends to do”
31:intro r3ad 0 # Jeremiah 31 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 31:1–6, 8–22, 35–37.\n\nThe ULT sets 31:29 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is an important quotation.\n\nThis chapter begins with a transition from the previous chapter. “At that time” is a reference to the day of restoration mentioned in [Jeremiah 30:24](../../jer/30/24.md). (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The new covenant\n\nThis chapter is an important teaching regarding the new covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Israel\n\nIn this chapter, Jeremiah uses the term “Israel” in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole. He also uses it in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel and their people group.
31:1 p3h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
31:2 ht7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The people who have survived the sword have found favor in the wilderness 0 The phrase “found favor” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “While the people who have survived the sword have been in the wilderness, I have had grace on them”
31:2 ml2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who have survived the sword 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “who have survived the war”
31:2 kc9p wilderness; I will go out to give rest to Israel 0 Another possible meaning is “wilderness, where Israel went out to find rest.”
31:3 egs4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh appeared to me 0 Jeremiah speaks of himself as if he were the people of Israel.
31:3 rmr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I have drawn you toward myself with covenant faithfulness 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “I have been faithful to my covenant and brought you near to me” or “I have faithfully loved you and brought you near to me”
31:4 bv1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I will build you up again so you will be built 0 Yahweh purposefully repeats the idea that he will build Israel to emphasize it. If your language can only use active verbs and has some other way to emphasize the idea, you may want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I will build you up again. Remember this: I will build you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
31:4 bt11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification virgin Israel 0 It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. However, “virgin” makes a person think about a young woman who has never married and so has never had the opportunity to be faithless to her husband. Therefore, calling Israel a virgin is an ironic use of language. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:13](../18/13.md). Alternate translation: “Israel, who falsely pretends to be fully devoted to me” or “my faithless people Israel” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
31:4 bv1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I will build you up again so you will be built 0 Yahweh purposefully repeats the idea that he will build Israel to emphasize it. Alternate translation: “I will build you up again. Remember this: I will build you”
31:4 v1aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown tambourines 0 musical instruments with heads like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken
31:7 n6rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Shout … Shout … Let praise be heard … Say 0 Yahweh is speaking in an apostrophe to all people of the world, so these verbs are plural. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
31:7 n6rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Shout … Shout … Let praise be heard … Say 0 Yahweh is speaking in an apostrophe to all people of the world, so these verbs are plural.
31:7 g2zs the chief people of the nations 0 Alternate translation: “the most important people group of all the nations” or “the people group that is more important than any other”
31:7 hu9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Let praise be heard 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Cause everyone to hear your praise”
31:8 y2x1 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
31:8 jg4x to bring them 0 Alternate translation: “to bring the Israelite people”
31:9 ai7p I will lead them as they make their pleas 0 Yahweh will lead them and they will be praying to Yahweh. Some ancient versions read, “Yahweh will lead them and will comfort them.”
31:9 v75t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will be a father to Israel, and Ephraim will be my firstborn 0 Here “Ephraim” is another name for “Israel.” Alternate translation: “I will be like a father to the people of Israel, and they will be like my firstborn child” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31:9 v75t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will be a father to Israel, and Ephraim will be my firstborn 0 Here “Ephraim” is another name for “Israel.” Alternate translation: “I will be like a father to the people of Israel, and they will be like my firstborn child”
31:9 gg9d my firstborn 0 The firstborn had special honor and responsibility.
31:10 n8v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns Hear … Report 0 Yahweh is speaking to the nations, so these verbs are plural.
31:10 dc3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns The one who scattered Israel is gathering her up and keeping her 0 Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else, and he speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a helpless woman. Alternate translation: “I caused my people Israel to be scattered among the nations, but now I am bringing them home and keeping them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
31:10 dc3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns The one who scattered Israel is gathering her up and keeping her 0 Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else. Alternate translation: “I caused my people Israel to be scattered among the nations, but now I am bringing them home and keeping them”
31:10 pyt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as a shepherd keeps his sheep 0 A shepherd cares for and protects his sheep, and Yahweh is promising to care for and protect the Israelites.
31:11 t3xt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism For Yahweh has ransomed Jacob and has redeemed him from the hand that was too strong for him 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that it is Yahweh who has rescued the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh has rescued the people of Israel from their enemy who was too strong for them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31:11 t3xt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism For Yahweh has ransomed Jacob and has redeemed him from the hand that was too strong for him 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh has rescued the people of Israel from their enemy who was too strong for them”
31:12 x6vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor on the heights of Zion 0 “on Zion, the high place” or “on Mount Zion.” Being on top of a hill is a metaphor for being happy. If your language associates mountain tops with sadness, it would be best to leave out the metaphor.
31:12 s2y2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a watered garden 0 This means they will be strong and healthy, and they will prosper.
31:12 d4iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole they will never again feel any more sorrow 0 The world “never” is a generalization. The Israelites will almost always feel joy.
@ -1981,16 +1970,14 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
31:22 gt15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom new on earth—a woman surrounds a strong man 0 This could mean: (1) the people will be so safe that women will not need anyone to protect them or (2) this is an idiom for something no one would ever expect. Alternate translation: “new on earth—something as strange as a woman protecting a man”
31:23 i697 Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
31:23 glu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the people 0 Here this refers to the people of Judah.
31:23 v46w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe May Yahweh bless you, you righteous place where he lives, you holy mountain 0 Jerusalem is on the top of a hill, and the temple was built at the highest point in Jerusalem. AT; “May Yahweh bless those who live in Jerusalem with Yahweh, where his temple is” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31:23 w9bz you holy mountain 0 Mount Zion, where the temple had stood
31:24 w96e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Judah and all its cities will live together there 0 The name of the man Judah is a metonym for the land on which his descendants, the people of the tribe of Judah, live, and the cities of Judah are spoken of as if they were the family of the man Judah, all of them living “there,” in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “it will be as if the land were a house in which Judah lived with his family” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
31:24 w96e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Judah and all its cities will live together there 0 The name of the man Judah is a metonym for the land on which his descendants. Alternate translation: “it will be as if the land were a house in which Judah lived with his family”
31:24 r4wa as will farmers and those who set out with flocks 0 Alternate translation: “and farmers and those who set out with flocks will also live there”
31:24 ycz6 those who set out with flocks 0 people who take care of sheep and goats
31:26 fc1y had been refreshing 0 Alternate translation: “had refreshed me”
31:27 nmn8 Look 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
31:27 hzy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor days are coming … when I will sow 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will sow” or “there will be a time … when I will sow”
31:27 u22q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
31:27 h4zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will sow the houses of Israel and Judah with the descendants of man and beast 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the people of Israel and the people of Judah. The house in turn is spoken of as if it were a field in which Yahweh would sow seed, and the people and the animals they raise for food, milk, and skins are spoken of as if they are that seed. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Israel and Judah to become many people with many animals” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
31:27 h4zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will sow the houses of Israel and Judah with the descendants of man and beast 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the people of Israel and the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Israel and Judah to become many people with many animals”
31:28 k8da I kept them under surveillance in order to uproot them 0 Alternate translation: “looked for ways to uproot them”
31:28 i6nn uproot … tear them down … overthrow … destroy 0 See how you translated these ideas in [Jeremiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
31:28 ha61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in order to build them up and to plant them 0 Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a house or a food crop. Alternate translation: “in order to make them strong and many”
@ -2001,31 +1988,26 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
31:30 pl7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs everyone who eats sour grapes, his teeth will be dulled 0 Jeremiah restates the proverb so that it now means people will suffer as a consequence of their own behaviors.
31:31 tl76 Look 0 Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am going to tell you”
31:31 kz1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor days are coming … when I will establish 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will establish” or “there will be a time … when I will establish”
31:31 wtb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
31:31 d1xu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel”
31:31 q554 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah”
31:32 nqk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I took them by their hand 0 as a loving husband would hold the hand of his wife as they walk
31:33 j6dq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel”
31:33 bkt8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
31:33 bf4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I will place my law within them and will write it on their heart 0 These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh’s law will become a part of them, rather than merely written on stone. Here “heart” represents “emotions” or “mind.” Alternate translation: “My law will be part of their thoughts and emotions” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31:33 bf4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I will place my law within them and will write it on their heart 0 These two phrases have similar meanings. Here, “heart” represents “emotions” or “mind.” Alternate translation: “My law will be part of their thoughts and emotions”
31:34 qvg2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from the smallest of them to the greatest 0 This phrase refers to every person, from the least important to the most important. Alternate translation: “every single one of them”
31:36 l19t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo Only if these permanent things vanish … will Israel’s descendants ever stop from forever being a nation 0 This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. Alternate translation: “These permanent things will never vanish … and Israel’s descendants will never stop from forever being a nation”
31:36 rfl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
31:37 z5ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo Only if the highest heavens can be measured, and only if the earth’s foundation below can be discovered, will I reject all of Israel’s descendants 0 This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. Alternate translation: “The highest heavens can never be measured, and the earth’s foundation below can never be discovered, and I will never reject all of Israel’s descendants”
31:37 yx41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism the highest heavens … earth’s foundation 0 These phrases refer to the whole of creation.
31:37 ejs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the earth’s foundation below can be discovered 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone can dig all the way down to the earth’s foundation”
31:37 p28t foundation below 0 “deepest part.” The “foundation” is the part of a house on which every other part rests.
31:37 l43y reject 0 throw away or refuse to take
31:37 j9cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
31:38 s6ck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor days are coming … when the city will be rebuilt 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … the city will be rebuilt” or “there will be a time … when the city will be rebuilt”
31:38 nfv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
31:38 g1l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the city will be rebuilt for me 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will rebuild the city for me” or “I will have them rebuild the city”
31:38 nd1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tower of Hananel … Corner Gate 0 These are the names of places.
31:39 pz74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names hill of Gareb … Goah 0 These are the names of places.
31:40 bf2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The whole valley … will be set apart for Yahweh 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will set apart the whole valley … for me” or “I will have them make the whole valley … holy for me”
31:40 z7hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kidron Valley … Horse Gate 0 These are the names of places.
31:40 j8yq set apart 0 Alternate translation: “made holy”
31:40 gu9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The city will not be pulled up or overthrown again 0 The city is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone could pull out of the ground or a building that someone could break down. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow anyone to pull up or overthrow the city again” or “No one will tear the city down or destroy it again” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
31:40 gu9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The city will not be pulled up or overthrown again 0 The city is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone could pull out of the ground or a building that someone could break down. Alternate translation: “I will not allow anyone to pull up or overthrow the city again”
32:intro vcw6 0 # Jeremiah 32 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nThe king should have listened to the prophet Jeremiah and repented of his sin. Instead, he objected to his message. Yahweh punished him because of this. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Israel\n\nThe term “Israel” is used exclusively in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole in this chapter.
32:1 xs6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom This is the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh 0 This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:2](../01/02.md) Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah”
32:1 mul1 in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar 0 Alternate translation: “after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than nine years and Nebuchadnezzar had been king for more than seventeen years”
@ -2037,9 +2019,8 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
32:3 x9qt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you prophesy and say 0 Zekekiah uses a question to rebuke Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “It is wrong for you to continue prophesying and saying”
32:3 sd28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am about to give over this city into the hand of the king of Babylon 0 Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that one person could give to another. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I am about to put this city under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I am about to allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with this city” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
32:3 r41w he will capture it 0 It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people would help the king of Babylon take control of the city.
32:4 ymp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he will certainly be given into the hand of the king of Babylon 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will certainly put him under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
32:4 ymp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he will certainly be given into the hand of the king of Babylon 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I will certainly put him under the control of the king of Babylon”
32:4 jf8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche His mouth will speak to the king’s mouth, and his eyes will see the king’s eyes 0 Here “mouth” and “eyes” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “Zedekiah himself will see and directly speak with Nebuchadnezzar”
32:5 h4hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
32:5 q8rv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you fight 0 Here “you” is plural and refers to the people in Jerusalem.
32:6 bkt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Jeremiah said 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does.
32:6 js77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘Look” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘Look”
@ -2047,7 +2028,7 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
32:7 z5u4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hanamel … Shallum 0 These are the names of men.
32:7 ane1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Anathoth 0 This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md).
32:8 t71a the courtyard of the guard 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
32:9 f1zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney seventeen shekels 0 A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “17 shekels” or “187 grams” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
32:9 f1zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney seventeen shekels 0 A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “17 shekels” or “187 grams”
32:10 yj4l in a scroll and sealed it, and had witnesses witness it 0 This refers to the deed that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm that Jeremiah had purchased this land.
32:10 mbq3 had witnesses witness it 0 Alternate translation: “had people watch me purchase the land so they could tell others that I had purchased the land”
32:11 npr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that was sealed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I sealed”
@ -2059,48 +2040,46 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
32:15 g6gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Houses, fields, and vineyards will again be bought in this land 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel will buy houses, vineyards and fields again in this land”
32:16 puz1 the receipt of purchase 0 This means the sealed scroll and the unsealed scroll.
32:17 xs6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Woe, Lord Yahweh! Look! 0 The word “woe” here indicates that in this prayer Jeremiah is sad, complaining or lamenting. The word “look” here indicates that the next words are an introduction or background for the most important part of the prayer.
32:17 r8xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by your great strength and with your raised arm 0 The phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the words “your great strength” and “your raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great power” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
32:17 r8xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by your great strength and with your raised arm 0 The phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm. Alternate translation: “by your great power”
32:18 zsm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns You show covenant faithfulness to thousands 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “You are faithful to your covenant towards thousands” or “You keep your promise and faithfully love thousands”
32:18 cd54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy pour the guilt of men into the laps of their children after them 0 The word “guilt” is a metonym for Yahweh punishing people because they are guilty of doing evil things. Yahweh punishing people is spoken of as if he were pouring a large container full of liquid or small objects into people’s laps as they sit. Alternate translation: “you punish children for the sins of their parents” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
32:19 zh7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for your eyes are open to all the ways of people 0 Open eyes are a metonym for what the person sees. How a person lives is spoken of as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “You see everything that people do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
32:19 jhc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns to give to each man what his conduct and deeds deserve 0 The abstract nouns “conduct” and “deeds,” which are similar in meaning, can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and will reward everyone according to how good or evil the things they do are” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
32:18 cd54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy pour the guilt of men into the laps of their children after them 0 The word “guilt” is a metonym for Yahweh punishing people because they are guilty of doing evil things. Alternate translation: “you punish children for the sins of their parents”
32:19 zh7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for your eyes are open to all the ways of people 0 Open eyes are a metonym for what the person sees. Alternate translation: “You see everything that people do”
32:19 jhc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns to give to each man what his conduct and deeds deserve 0 The abstract nouns “conduct” and “deeds,” which are similar in meaning, can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and will reward everyone according to how good or evil the things they do are”ww
32:20 ff83 You did signs and wonders in the land of Egypt 0 This refers to an event in the past when God used his power to free the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt.
32:20 txa5 To this present day 0 Alternate translation: “To this day”
32:20 v54d among all mankind 0 Alternate translation: “among all people”
32:20 nuz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you have made your name famous 0 Here “name” refers to God’s reputation. Alternate translation: “you have made yourself famous”
32:21 yz8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with a strong hand, with a raised arm 0 The phrase “strong hand” is a metonym for strength, and the phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the phrases “strong hand” and “raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great strength” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
32:21 yz8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with a strong hand, with a raised arm 0 The phrase “strong hand” is a metonym for strength, and the phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm. Alternate translation: “by your great strength”
32:22 zm76 gave them 0 Alternate translation: “gave the people of Israel”
32:22 m6c3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor land flowing with milk and honey 0 “land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
32:22 m6c3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor land flowing with milk and honey 0 God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops”
32:23 j41s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy But they did not obey your voice 0 The voice is a metonym for the message the speaker gives. Alternate translation: “But they did not obey what you said”
32:24 r8nr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The siege mounds have reached up to the city to capture it 0 The large piles of dirt and rocks that the enemy built around the city so they could stand on them and attack it are spoken of as if they were the attackers themselves reaching out to capture the city. Alternate translation: “The enemy’s seige mounds are so close to the city that the enemy will be able to capture the city”
32:24 y1cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy because of sword 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for war, where soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “because soldiers will attack”
32:24 b3n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns famine, and plague 0 These abstract nouns can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people have no food to eat, and everyone is weak from being ill”
32:24 p2wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the city has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans 0 Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have given Jerusalem to the Chaldean army” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
32:24 p2wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the city has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans 0 Here “hand” means power or control. Alternate translation: “you have given Jerusalem to the Chaldean army”
32:24 l673 happening, and see, you are watching 0 Alternate translation: “happening, as you can see very well”
32:25 v7a7 have witnesses witness it 0 Alternate translation: “have people watch you purchase the land so they can tell others that you have purchased the land”
32:25 fl8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive this city is being given 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am giving this city”
32:26 m8wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:”
32:26 m9gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person came to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does.
32:27 v6cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is anything too difficult for me to do? 0 Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can do anything. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Nothing is too difficult for me to do.”
32:28 dcf6 See, I am about to give 0 Alternate translation: “Listen carefully! I am the one who will give”
32:28 fb9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy give this city into the hand of the Chaldeans 0 Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that he could put into a person’s hand. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand puts into action. Alternate translation: “put this city under the power of the Chaldeans”
32:29 s7dq in order to provoke me 0 Alternate translation: “so that I would become very angry”
32:30 r5j3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy doing evil before my eyes 0 Here the metonym “eyes” represents what God sees. This could mean: (1) “doing what I consider evil” or (2) “doing evil knowing that I am watching”
32:30 e1kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor since their youth 0 A person being young is a metaphor for the people of Israel first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from the time they were young” or “from the time that they became a nation”
32:30 qwp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
32:31 fxx2 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
32:31 u2mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy this city has been a provocation of my wrath and fury since the day that they built it 0 Here “city” is a metonym for the people that live there. The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem have made me very angry since the day they built their city” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
32:31 u2mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy this city has been a provocation of my wrath and fury since the day that they built it 0 Here “city” is a metonym for the people that live there. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem have made me very angry since the day they built their city”
32:31 bcj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns has been a provocation of 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **provocation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “has been something that has provoked”
32:31 v1l3 It has been that right up to this present day 0 Alternate translation: “They continue to make me angry even now”
32:31 hn3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification from before my face 0 The face is a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “from my presence” or “completely” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
32:31 hn3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from before my face 0 The face is a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “from my presence” or “completely”
32:33 tx7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction They turned their backs to me instead of their faces 0 One turns one’s face to someone to show that one is listening, and one’s back to show that one refuses to listen. Alternate translation: “Instead of listening carefully to me, they refused to listen at all” or “They refused to listen”
32:33 lg6f to receive correction 0 Alternate translation: “to learn how to act correctly”
32:34 k9ry their abominable idols 0 Alternate translation: “their idols which I hate”
32:34 jn46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the house that is called by my name 0 Here “name” represents Yahweh. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
32:34 jn46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the house that is called by my name 0 Here “name” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me”
32:35 cau1 Valley of Ben Hinnom 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md).
32:35 x89j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy It never entered my mind 0 Here “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “I never thought at all”
32:36 y1ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you which you are saying 0 Here “you” is plural. This could mean: (1) this refers to Jeremiah and those with him, or (2) it refers to all the people.
32:36 ag2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy It is given into the hand of the king of Babylon 0 Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the king of Babylon” or “Yahweh has given the king of Babylon the power to rule it” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
32:36 ag2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy It is given into the hand of the king of Babylon 0 Here “hand” means power or control. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the king of Babylon”
32:37 j7yh to gather them 0 Alternate translation: “to gather my people”
32:37 d9i7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet wrath, fury, and great anger 0 All three words mean the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “extreme anger”
32:37 h1sp in security 0 Alternate translation: “where they are safe”
@ -2111,17 +2090,12 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
32:40 r8jy so that they will never turn away from me 0 Alternate translation: “so that they will never stop obeying and worshiping me”
32:41 diu3 doing good to them 0 Here “them” refers to the people of Israel.
32:41 rwm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will faithfully plant them in this land 0 Yahweh speaks of having his people live in the land forever as if he were planting plants in a garden. Alternate translation: “I will permanently settle the Israelites in this land”
32:41 j5ie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet with all my heart and all my life 0 Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person’s entire being. Alternate translation: “with all that I am” or “wholeheartedly” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
32:42 sj3m I have brought all this great disaster on this people, so I will bring on them all the good things 0 Alternate translation: “I have caused all these bad things to happen to this people, and now I will cause the good things to happen to them”
32:43 qct6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Then fields will be bought in this land 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then people will buy fields in this land”
32:43 s9q4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you are saying 0 Here “you” refers to the people of Israel.
32:43 mhj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy It has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans 0 Here “hand” is a metonym for power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the Chaldeans” or “Yahweh has given the Chaldeans power over it” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
32:43 mhj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy It has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans 0 Here “hand” is a metonym for power or control. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the Chaldeans”
32:44 ytf6 write in sealed scrolls. They will assemble witnesses 0 The “sealed scrolls” are the deeds that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm the purchase.
32:44 tg5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
33:intro vtz5 0 # Jeremiah 33 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Covenant faithfulness\n\nDespite the great punishment Judah is facing and Israel has undergone, there is hope. This hope is based in the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh. Ultimately, he will restore his people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
33:1 zhp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\n(See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
33:1 rj9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah a second time, while he was … guard, saying, 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah a second time, while Jeremiah was … guard. He said,” or “While Jeremiah was … guard, Yahweh spoke this second message to Jeremiah:”
33:1 wa3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person came to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person.
33:1 k2z4 he was still shut within 0 Alternate translation: “he was still a prisoner in”
33:1 fe41 the courtyard of the guard 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
33:2 hz5q who forms in order to establish 0 who creates things so he can make them exist forever
@ -2143,7 +2117,6 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
33:13 w446 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the flocks will again pass under the hands of the ones counting them 0 This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his hand. Alternate translation: “shepherds will again count their sheep as the sheep walk by”
33:14 z61y Look 0 Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
33:14 rc5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Days are coming … when I will do 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “Days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “In the future … I will do” or “There will be a time … when I will do”
33:14 jj5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
33:14 ed3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel”
33:14 r2n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah”
33:14 fsd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Judah 0 This is a metonym for the people who live in Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah”
@ -2153,22 +2126,18 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
33:16 yng7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Judah … Jerusalem 0 These towns’ names are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah … the people of Jerusalem”
33:16 sr7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Judah will be saved 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will save Judah”
33:16 q5ei Jerusalem will live in security 0 Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be safe from their enemies”
33:16 x44h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor this is what she will be called 0 Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the town were a woman. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “this is what they will call her” or “this is what I will call the town” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
33:16 x44h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor this is what she will be called 0 Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the town were a woman. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “this is what they will call her” or “this is what I will call the town”
33:17 lnb8 A man from David’s line will never be lacking 0 Alternate translation: “There will always be a man from David’s line”
33:17 d7da A man from David’s line 0 a male descendant of King David
33:17 pqu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to sit on the throne of the house of Israel 0 The throne is a metonym for the king. Alternate translation: “to be king over the house of Israel”
33:17 eml3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel”
33:18 g9nx nor will a man from the Levitical priests be lacking before me to raise burnt offerings 0 Alternate translation: “and there will always be a man from the Levitical priests to raise burnt offerings”
33:18 i89e raise burnt offerings 0 Alternate translation: “offer burnt offerings”
33:19 w4dw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:”
33:19 j1gw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person.
33:20 s39s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Yahweh says 0 Yahweh is speaking of himself here. Alternate translation: “I say”
33:20 f1mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo If you can break … proper times 0 These words begin a hypothetical statement that describe a situation that will never occur.
33:21 u6sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo then you will be able to break my covenant with David my servant 0 The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If you can break my covenant … times,” in verse 20 ends here. No one can change day and night, and no one can change God’s covenant with David. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot break my covenant … times, so you know that you will never be able to break my covenant with David my servant”
33:21 x13t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to sit on his throne 0 The throne is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “to rule the kingdom I have given to him”
33:22 xip8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As the hosts of heaven cannot be counted, and as the sand of the seashores cannot be measured, so I will increase the descendants of David my servant and the Levites who serve before me 0 No one can count the stars in the sky or the sand on the seashore, and no one will be able to count the descendants of David and Levi who serve Yahweh.
33:23 ufu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:”
33:23 liq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person.
33:24 wv8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you not considered what this people has declared when they said, ‘The … them’? 0 Yahweh wants Jeremiah to think deeply about what the people have said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have noticed what this people are really saying when they said, ‘The … them.’”
33:24 k7ki In this way they despise my people, saying … sight 0 Alternate translation: “What they are really saying is that my people are worthless and that my people will never again be a nation.”
33:24 yua9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my people … are no longer a nation in their sight 0 Sight is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “they no longer think of my people as a nation”
@ -2179,7 +2148,6 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
33:26 e4m9 show mercy to 0 Translate as “have compassion on” is translated in ([Jeremiah 30:18](../30/18.md)).
34:intro vkt9 0 # Jeremiah 34 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Law of Moses\n\nAccording to the law of Moses, the people were required to free their indebted slaves after a period of time. The king led them in freeing their fellow Israelites whom they held as slaves, but later they changed their minds and enslaved them again. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Actions with cultural meaning\n\nWhen the people of Israel made a sacred promise to God, they cut a calf in two and passed between its parts. It was a very serious sin not to do what one had promised. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
34:1 z8xz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, when Nebuchadnezzar … her cities, saying: 0 This idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah when Nebuchadnezzar … her cities. He said,” or “When Nebuchadnezzar … her cities, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:”
34:1 d4fn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name in this chapter. There is no need to translate using first person.
34:1 p1vd waging war 0 Alternate translation: “fighting”
34:1 qc7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all of her cities 0 This refers to all the towns around Jerusalem.
34:2 g3l2 to give this city 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:28](../32/28.md)
@ -2188,10 +2156,8 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
34:3 w4mj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you will certainly be seized and given 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians will certainly seize you and give you”
34:4 uht1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will not die by the sword. 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “You will not die in battle”
34:5 xn8v the funeral burning of your ancestors 0 The people would burn spices in honor of people who had recently died. They did not burn the dead people’s bodies.
34:5 x2la rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
34:7 lw71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Lachish and Azekah 0 These are names of cities.
34:7 r9p7 These cities of Judah remained as fortified cities 0 Alternate translation: “the only fortified cities of Judah that the Babylonians had not yet captured”
34:8 r2u9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. However, the actual message does not begin until [Jeremiah 34:12](./12.md). See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah”
34:8 pb27 word 0 message
34:8 us2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background after King Zedekiah had made a covenant … freedom to them 0 These words begin to provide background information to events that will be described later.
34:9 ka4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background that each man … his brother 0 The background information that begins with the words “after King Zedekiah had made a covenant” in verse 8 ends here.
@ -2204,14 +2170,13 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
34:14 gs8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy did not … incline their ears to me 0 To incline the ear, to lean the head toward the speaker so as to hear better, is a metonym for paying attention to what the speaker is saying. Alternate translation: “did not … pay attention to what I said”
34:15 ryr7 Now you yourselves repented 0 Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
34:15 re32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy right in my eyes 0 “Eyes” here is a metonym for someone’s opinion or idea. Alternate translation: “what I consider to be right”
34:15 x4yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the house that is called by my name 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
34:15 x4yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the house that is called by my name 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me”
34:16 r5d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy turned and polluted my name 0 A person’s name is a metonym for what people think of him. Alternate translation: “stopped doing what was right and did evil things that have made people think that I am evil”
34:17 n7sg So look! 0 Alternate translation: “Listen!” or “Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you!”
34:17 b72s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony I am about to proclaim freedom to you … freedom for the sword, the plague, and famine 0 Jeremiah uses irony to say that the “freedom” the people will enjoy will actually be suffering. Alternate translation: “I will proclaim misery to you … misery from the sword, the plague, and famine”
34:17 h19u proclaim freedom to you 0 Alternate translation: “proclaim that you are free”
34:17 n2mw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
34:17 vx6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy sword 0 This is a metonym for soldiers who carry swords. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers to kill you”
34:17 eyz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor am going to make you a horrible thing in the sight of every kingdom on earth 0 Here “sight” represents judgment or evaluation. The word “kingdom” is a metonym for the people who live in the kingdom. Alternate translation: “I am going to make the people in every kingdom on earth think that you are horrible” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
34:17 eyz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor am going to make you a horrible thing in the sight of every kingdom on earth 0 Here “sight” represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “I am going to make the people in every kingdom on earth think that you are horrible”
34:18 r9sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background when they cut a bull … walked between its parts 0 These words begin to describe how the people established the covenant.
34:18 cec2 established before me 0 Alternate translation: “agreed to with me” or “established while I was watching”
34:19 lhx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background and then the leaders … walked between the parts of the bull 0 The description of how the people established the covenant that began with the words “when they cut” in verse 18 ends here.
@ -2221,8 +2186,6 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
34:21 wl9t risen up 0 Alternate translation: “come to fight”
34:22 ug2t bring them 0 bring the Babylonian armies
35:intro jt1x 0 # Jeremiah 35 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The Rechabites\n\nThe actions of the Rechabites contrasted with the actions of the Jews. The Rechabites obeyed the commands their ancestor had give while living in Canaan, but Judah did not obey Yahweh’s commands. Because the Rechabites were obedient, Yahweh preserved their clan. The Rechabites’ history is found in the book of Judges.
35:1 pt2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh in the days … of Judah, saying, 0 The idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in the days … of Judah. He said,” or “In the days … of Judah, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:”
35:1 x1f1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does.
35:2 t4d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rekabites 0 This is a people group.
35:2 dr1g my house 0 the temple
35:3 c47f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jaazaniah … Habazziniah 0 These are the names of men.
@ -2233,25 +2196,20 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
35:8 ki9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the voice of Jonadab 0 The word “voice” is a metonym for the command that Jonadab spoke. Alternate translation: “the command of Jonadab”
35:8 zh8r all of our days 0 “as long as we live.” “Days” refers to the span of time.
35:12 icr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Yahweh” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah: ‘Yahweh”
35:12 lq6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does.
35:13 ba4f Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
35:13 z2wy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you not receive correction and listen to my words? 0 Yahweh is telling Israel to listen carefully to his rebuke. Alternate translation: “You must certainly receive this correction and listen to my words.”
35:13 s8s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
35:14 k1yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The words of Jonadab son of Rekab that he gave to his sons as a command, not to drink any wine, have been observed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The sons of Jonadab son of Rekab have observed their father’s command to not drink wine”
35:14 mr7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jonadab … Rekab 0 These are the names of men.
35:15 k88i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor let no one walk any longer after other gods 0 Walking after a god is a metaphor for obeying the laws of that god.
35:17 xqh5 Look 0 This word tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
35:18 a9b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Jeremiah said 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does.
35:18 ijd5 Rekabites 0 This is the name of the people group. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 35:2](../35/02.md).
35:18 i21g Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
35:18 nqf5 Jonadab 0 a man’s name. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 35:5](../35/05.md).
35:19 ehq6 Jonadab … Rekab 0 These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Jeremiah 35:5](../35/05.md).
36:intro f643 0 # Jeremiah 36 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Opposition to Jeremiah\n\nJeremiah wrote God’s prophesies on a scroll but the king burned it. It is possible that this action was intended to be understood as representing the definitiveness of these prophecies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
36:1 w23y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\n(See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
36:1 a3lh It came about 0 “It happened.” This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
36:1 v3ak rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the fourth year of Jehoiakim … king of Judah 0 Jehoiakim had been king of Judah for more than three years. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md).
36:1 tg7j that this word 0 The phrase “this word” refers to the message that follows.
36:1 dr12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does.
36:1 knl3 he said 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh said”
36:2 wmr2 every nation 0 Alternate translation: “all of the nations”
36:2 ym8v I have told from 0 Alternate translation: “I have told you from”
@ -2260,9 +2218,7 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
36:3 vkj1 to bring on them 0 Alternate translation: “to cause to happen to them”
36:3 yk1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his wicked way 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living”
36:3 s9uw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy forgive their iniquity and their sin 0 The words “iniquity” and “sin” are metonyms for the persons who commit iniquity and sin. Alternate translation: “forgive them for their iniquity and their sin”
36:4 ff7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Jeremiah called … at Jeremiah’s dictation … to him 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said”
36:4 d5mh Baruch wrote in a scroll, at Jeremiah’s dictation, all the words of Yahweh spoken to him 0 Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote in a scroll all of Yahweh’s words that Yahweh had spoken to Jeremiah”
36:5 l4t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Jeremiah gave … He said 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said”
36:6 j3tt read from the scroll 0 Alternate translation: “read out loud from the scroll” or “proclaim from the scroll”
36:6 e6rd must read 0 Alternate translation: “must read out loud” or “must proclaim”
36:6 y6ch in the hearing of the people in his house 0 “so that the people in Yahweh’s house can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
@ -2273,7 +2229,7 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
36:7 kqx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from his wicked way 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living”
36:7 p71z the wrath and fury 0 Alternate translation: “the anger and rage”
36:9 tvk8 It came about 0 See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 36:1](../36/01.md).
36:9 fa5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths in the fifth year and ninth month of Jehoiakim … king of Judah 0 This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. “after Jehoiakim … had been king of Judah for more than four years, during the ninth month” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
36:9 fa5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths in the fifth year and ninth month of Jehoiakim … king of Judah 0 This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. “after Jehoiakim … had been king of Judah for more than four years, during the ninth month”
36:9 mf4x of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah 0 See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md).
36:9 ywy2 proclaimed a fast 0 Alternate translation: “told everyone that they were going to fast”
36:10 v96d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Jeremiah’s words 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here.
@ -2331,9 +2287,6 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
36:25 km58 urged the king 0 Alternate translation: “pleaded with the king”
36:26 vne7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jerahmeel … Seraiah … Azriel … Shelemiah … Abdeel 0 These are the names of men.
36:26 uyd9 a relative 0 Alternate translation: “a relative of the king”
36:26 d67a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Jeremiah the prophet … hidden them 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does.
36:27 h7zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Then the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah after … dictation, saying, 0 The idiom “The word of Yahweh came” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah after … dictation. He said,” or “After … dictation, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:”
36:27 i9hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person to Jeremiah … Jeremiah’s dictation 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does.
36:27 ksc8 at Jeremiah’s dictation 0 See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md).
36:28 x9ye Go back, take another scroll for yourself 0 Alternate translation: “Take another scroll for yourself again”
36:28 m6mh the original scroll 0 Alternate translation: “the first scroll”
@ -2345,7 +2298,6 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
36:30 jp3b into the heat of day 0 Alternate translation: “so that it is exposed to the dry heat of the daytime”
36:30 ws5c frost 0 ice that forms on grass during cold nights
36:31 bvh4 of you all 0 Alternate translation: “of all of you”
36:32 k5z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Jeremiah took … Jeremiah’s dictation 0 Jeremiah speaks of himself by name for reasons that are not clear.
36:32 k1wh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Baruch wrote on it at Jeremiah’s dictation 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dictation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md). Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote on it”
36:32 b4kt burned by Jehoiakim king of Judah 0 Alternate translation: “that Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire”
36:32 mev6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Furthermore, many other similar words were added to this scroll 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Furthermore, Jeremiah and Baruch added to this scroll many more words which were similar to the words that had been in the first scroll”
@ -2364,7 +2316,6 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
37:4 j14u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive for he had not yet been put in prison 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “because no one had put him in prison”
37:5 m95i came out 0 Alternate translation: “had set out”
37:5 b9va besieging 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
37:6 p84n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah the prophet, saying, 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah the prophet. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah the prophet:”
37:7 y24f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you will say 0 The word “you” refers to the two men that king Zedekiah had sent to Jeremiah, Jehukal son of Shelemiah, and Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest.
37:7 wic9 to seek advice from me 0 The word “me” refers to Yahweh.
37:7 g9p8 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
@ -2387,11 +2338,11 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
37:16 c2h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Jeremiah was put into an underground cell 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the officials put Jeremiah into a room that was under the ground”
37:17 h6f8 brought him 0 Alternate translation: “brought Jeremiah”
37:17 x17c his house 0 the palace of King Zedekiah
37:17 s43j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will be given into the hand of the king of Babylon 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 32:4](../32/04.md). Alternate translation: “I will certainly put you under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
37:17 s43j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will be given into the hand of the king of Babylon 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I will certainly put you under the control of the king of Babylon”
37:18 lu1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How have I sinned against you … prison? 0 Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that he has not done anything wrong. Alternate translation: “I have not done anything wrong to you … prison.”
37:18 hq9m this people 0 the people of the kingdom of Judah
37:18 a64h have placed 0 Alternate translation: “have put”
37:19 utn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where are your prophets, the ones who prophesied … against this land? 0 Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that the other prophets were lying but that he had done nothing wrong because he had told the truth. Alternate translation: “Your prophets who prophesied … against this land were obviously wrong, but now it is clear that I was telling you the truth.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
37:19 utn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where are your prophets, the ones who prophesied … against this land? 0 Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that the other prophets were lying but that he had done nothing wrong because he had told the truth. Alternate translation: “Your prophets who prophesied … against this land were obviously wrong, but now it is clear that I was telling you the truth.”
37:19 tq67 your prophets 0 The word “your” refers to King Zedekiah and the other people of the kingdom of Judah.
37:19 gp83 will not come against you or against this land 0 Alternate translation: “will not attack you or attack this land”
37:20 a8fv Let my pleas come before you 0 “Hear me plead for mercy and do as I ask.” See how you translated “their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh” in [Jeremiah 36:7](../36/07.md).
@ -2403,7 +2354,7 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
38:1 gl7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shephatiah … Mattan, Gedaliah … Pashhur, Jehukal … Shelemiah … Pashhur … Malkijah 0 men’s names
38:2 p2xn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Anyone staying in this city will be killed by sword, famine, and plague 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Anyone staying in this city will die by sword, famine, and plague” or “I will kill anyone staying in this city with sword, famine, and plague”
38:2 izt9 He will escape with his own life 0 The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape alive, even though he will lose all his possessions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:9](../21/09.md).
38:3 f89i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy This city will be given into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will allow the army of the king of Babylon to conquer Jerusalem” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
38:3 f89i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy This city will be given into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I will allow the army of the king of Babylon to conquer Jerusalem”
38:3 u8f5 he will capture it 0 The reader should understand that others will help the king of Babylon capture the city. “his army will capture it”
38:4 s9za Let this man die 0 Alternate translation: “Order someone to kill this man”
38:4 l3h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he is weakening the hands of the fighting men who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people 0 Weak hands are a metonym for a person who is afraid. Alternate translation: “he is causing the soldiers and all the people in the city to lose courage”
@ -2433,7 +2384,7 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
38:18 gja5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive this city will be given into the hand of the Chaldeans 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 38:2](../38/02.md). Alternate translation: “I will allow the Chaldeans to conquer this city” or “I will allow the Chaldeans to do whatever they want with this city”
38:18 fbz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will not escape from their hand 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “you will not escape from their power”
38:19 m4jz deserted 0 escaped trouble and left people who needed help. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:13](../37/13.md).
38:19 i4pf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I might be given over into their hand 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Chaldeans might put me under the control of the people of Judah who have deserted” or “the Chaldeans might allow the people of Judah who have deserted to do whatever they want with me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
38:19 i4pf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I might be given over into their hand 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “the Chaldeans might put me under the control of the people of Judah who have deserted”
38:19 r1ze for them to treat me badly 0 Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah who have deserted.
38:20 x9uy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you They will not give you over to them 0 “The Chaldeans will not give you over to the Judeans.” Here “you” refers to Zedekiah.
38:21 b1pi this is what Yahweh has shown me 0 Here the word “this” refers to what Jeremiah will say next.
@ -2442,7 +2393,7 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
38:22 jgf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Your feet are now sunk into the mud 0 The king is now helpless.
38:23 dti7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive For all of your wives and children will be brought out to the Chaldeans 0 The reader should understand that the officials will take these people as slaves. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will bring your wives and children out to the Chaldeans”
38:23 k3p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will not escape from their hand 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “will not escape from their power”
38:23 x21i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will be captured by the hand of the king of Babylon, and this city will be burned 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. The reader should probably understand that many people will help the king do this. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of Babylon will capture you and will burn the city” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
38:23 x21i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will be captured by the hand of the king of Babylon, and this city will be burned 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. The reader should probably understand that many people will help the king do this. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of Babylon will capture you and will burn the city”
38:26 l1fb Jonathan 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 37:15](../37/15.md).
38:27 e9tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the conversation between Jeremiah and the king 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **conversation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what Jeremiah and the king said to each other”
38:28 kaj5 the courtyard of the guard 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
@ -2474,15 +2425,15 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
39:14 k5dx the courtyard of the guard 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
39:14 uw8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit among the people 0 You may need to make explicit which people the speaker is speaking of. Alternate translation: “among the people who remained in Judah”
39:15 sbp1 0 # General Information:\n\nThis story happened before the events in the first part of the chapter.
39:15 rz5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a return to the story line, as the narrator tells what Yahweh had said to Jeremiah after Nebuchadnezzar gave the orders about Jeremiah ([Jeremiah 39:12–14](./12.md)). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
39:15 rz5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a return to the story line, as the narrator tells what Yahweh had said to Jeremiah after Nebuchadnezzar gave the orders about Jeremiah ([Jeremiah 39:12–14](./12.md))
39:15 qm3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah while he was … guard, saying, 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah while he was … guard. He said,” or “while Jeremiah was … guard, Yahweh spoke this message to him:”
39:15 g5jx the courtyard of the guard 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
39:16 g2jt Ebed-Melek the Cushite 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 38:7](../38/07.md).
39:16 c57h Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
39:16 tg3k I am about to carry out my words against this city for disaster and not for good 0 Alternate translation: “I am bringing disaster, not good, against this city, just as I said I would”
39:16 pb72 For they will all come true before you on that day 0 Alternate translation: “For you will see it all happen on that day”
39:17 d4fl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will not be given into the hand of the men whom you fear 0 Here “hand” refers to power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the men you fear will not harm you” or “I will not allow anyone to put you under the control of the people whom you fear” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
39:18 y55h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism You will not fall by the sword 0 The sword is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “No one will kill you with their sword” or “You will not die in war” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
39:17 d4fl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will not be given into the hand of the men whom you fear 0 Here “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “the men you fear will not harm you”
39:18 y55h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism You will not fall by the sword 0 The sword is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “No one will kill you with their sword”
39:18 h19r with your life 0 Alternate translation: “alive”
40:intro rx94 0 # Jeremiah 40 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Peace in Judah\n\nAfter Babylon conquered Jerusalem, this chapter reveals an unfolding peace in the area. Ammon, who was supposed to be Judah’s ally against Babylon, probably sought to distract Babylon from attacking them by ruining the peace in the region of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
40:1 vp76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh 0 This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:1](../32/01.md) Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah”
@ -2525,7 +2476,7 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
40:15 c9ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all of Judah 0 The word “all” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “many of the people of Judah”
40:15 hp75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that has been gathered to you 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “who have come to you” or “whom Yahweh has brought to you”
40:15 mj6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive to be scattered 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “to have the Chaldeans scatter them” or “to flee away to many different lands”
40:15 pxq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the remnant of Judah destroyed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow the Chaldeans to destroy the remnant of Judah” or “and allow the remnant of Judah to perish” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
40:15 pxq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the remnant of Judah destroyed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow the Chaldeans to destroy the remnant of Judah”
40:15 zr8s remnant of Judah 0 “remnant of the people of Judah.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:11](../40/11.md).
40:16 gc11 Ahikam 0 See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:24](../26/24.md).
41:intro u2q2 0 # Jeremiah 41 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Life in Judah\n\nThis chapter explains what life was like in Judah after the Babylonian conquest. It was a difficult and dangerous time, but some of the faithful remained in the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
@ -2586,7 +2537,7 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
42:8 c9v6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism to all the people from the least to the greatest 0 This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md). Alternate translation: “to all the people from every social status” or “to all the people, including the least important and the most important people”
42:8 t51j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole to all the people 0 Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word “all” is a generalization that means very many people went. Alternate translation: “to many other people”
42:10 m39t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will build you and not tear you down 0 Yahweh refers to the people of Israel like a wall that can be built or torn down. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to prosper and I will not destroy you”
42:10 aj8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will plant you and not pull you up 0 Yahweh uses another example to express how he will cause the people of Israel to prosper and not be destroyed. He refers to them like a plant in the same way he referred to them as a wall. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
42:10 aj8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will plant you and not pull you up 0 Yahweh uses another example to express how he will cause the people of Israel to prosper and not be destroyed.
42:10 a8zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will turn back the disaster that I have brought on you 0 A disaster is here spoken of as something that a person can put onto someone else. Alternate translation: “I will prevent the disaster that I have caused to happen to you”
42:11 k5t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet to save you and rescue you 0 The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will, indeed, save. Alternate translation: “to save you completely”
42:11 jv59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rescue you from his hand 0 Here the word “hand” refers to power and authority. Alternate translation: “rescue you from his power” or “rescue you from him”
@ -2597,14 +2548,14 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
42:15 te43 to this word of Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “to Yahweh’s message”
42:15 e21x Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
42:15 cpw7 set out to go to 0 Alternate translation: “depart for” or “leave for”
42:16 s8nw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword that you fear will overtake you 0 Here “the sword” represents war. The Israelites experiencing war even if they go to Egypt is spoken of as if the sword would chase after the people catch up with them. Alternate translation: “you will experience the terrible results of war” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
42:16 s8nw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword that you fear will overtake you 0 Here “the sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “you will experience the terrible results of war”
42:16 pea7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The famine that you are worrying about will pursue you to Egypt 0 The Israelites experiencing famine even in Egypt is spoken of as if famine would chase after them. Alternate translation: “You worry about famine in Israel but if you go to Egypt you will suffer from famine there”
42:17 vak7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche all the men who set out 0 The men are used to refer to all the people because they are the leaders in their families. Alternate translation: “anyone who sets out” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
42:17 vak7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche all the men who set out 0 The men are used to refer to all the people because they are the leaders in their families. Alternate translation: “anyone who sets out”
42:17 b82t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the disaster that I will bring on them 0 Causing a disaster is spoken of as if disaster were an object that is brought to a person. Alternate translation: “the disaster that I will cause to happen to them”
42:18 v4kb Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
42:18 hxc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my wrath and my fury were poured out on the inhabitants of Jerusalem 0 Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if wrath and fury were liquids that he poured out on the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished the people of Jerusalem” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
42:18 hxc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my wrath and my fury were poured out on the inhabitants of Jerusalem 0 Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if wrath and fury were liquids that he poured out on the people. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished the people of Jerusalem”
42:18 ss3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet my wrath and my fury 0 The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “my terrible wrath”
42:18 rm4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the same way my fury will be poured out on you 0 Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if fury were a liquid that he pours out on the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will became very angry and punish you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
42:18 rm4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the same way my fury will be poured out on you 0 Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if fury were a liquid that he pours out on the people. Alternate translation: “I will became very angry and punish you”
42:18 m8xv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism You will become an object of cursing and a horror, an object for speaking curses, and something dishonorable 0 All of these statements mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the nations will treat the people of Judah after Yahweh punishes them. Alternate translation: “People will be terrified when they see what has happened to you. They will curse and mock you”
42:19 m4t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I have been a witness against you 0 The phrase “been a witness against” is an idiom that means to give a warning. Alternate translation: “I have warned you”
42:20 tm47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom we will carry it out 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “we will do it”
@ -2637,12 +2588,12 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
43:11 j4bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he will come 0 Here “he” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents his whole army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will come”
43:11 njk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Anyone who is assigned to death will be given to death 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “die.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die whom I have decided must die”
43:11 iqj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Anyone who is assigned to captivity will be taken captive 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians will take everyone captive whom I have decided must go into captivity”
43:11 prf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Anyone who is assigned to the sword will be given to the sword 0 Here “sword” represents battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die in battle whom I have decided will die in battle” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
43:11 prf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Anyone who is assigned to the sword will be given to the sword 0 Here “sword” represents battle. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die in battle whom I have decided will die in battle”
43:12 fy3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Then I will light a fire 0 Here “I” refers to Yahweh. This represents Yahweh sending the Babylonian army to light a fire. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the Babylonian army to light a fire”
43:12 yqt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Nebuchadnezzar will … He will 0 Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will … They will”
43:12 nms7 burn them or capture them 0 Alternate translation: “burn the Egyptian idols or take them”
43:12 e3qj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile He will clean out the land of Egypt just as shepherds clean vermin off their clothes 0 Taking or destroying everything in Egypt is compared to how a shepherd carefully cleans off his clothes. Alternate translation: “He will take or destroy everything valuable in Egypt just as a shepherd is careful to get every insect off of his clothes”
43:13 pyt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heliopolis 0 This is the name of a city. The name means “city of the sun.” In this city was a temple where they worshiped a sun god. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
43:13 pyt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heliopolis 0 This is the name of a city. The name means “city of the sun.” In this city was a temple where they worshiped a sun god.
44:intro xf8j 0 # Jeremiah 44 General Notes\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Idiom\n\nThe people called Ashtoreth the goddess of the Canaanites, “the queen of heaven.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
44:1 s5cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word came to Jeremiah 0 It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah”
44:1 gzg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Migdol 0 This is the name of a city.
@ -2656,20 +2607,20 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
44:3 uvb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns they themselves 0 The word “themselves” is used for emphasis to specify the people of Jerusalem and the other cities of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people from the ruined cities”
44:4 jwn6 So I repeatedly sent 0 The word “I” refers to Yahweh.
44:5 a6zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor or turn from their wickedness in burning incense to other gods 0 To stop doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: “or to stop behaving wickedly by burning incense to other gods”
44:6 kck1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my fury and my wrath were poured out 0 Becoming angry and punishing people is spoken of as if fury and wrath were liquids there could be poured on people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
44:6 kck1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my fury and my wrath were poured out 0 Becoming angry and punishing people is spoken of as if fury and wrath were liquids there could be poured on people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished them”
44:6 gje9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet my fury and my wrath 0 The words “fury” and “wrath” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “my terrible wrath”
44:6 if3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor kindled a fire 0 Yahweh becoming angry and punishing the people of Judah is spoken of as his fury and wrath were a fire. Alternate translation: “my fury and wrath were like a fire” or “my punishment was like a fire”
44:6 j69q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet they became ruins and devastations 0 The words “ruins” and “devastations” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the complete devastation of Judah and Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “they became completely devastated”
44:6 bb1y as at this present day 0 This refers to the current time at which Yahweh was speaking this message.
44:7 gez9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why are you doing … yourselves? Why are you causing … and babies? 0 Yahweh uses these questions to rebuke the people for doing things that cause him to punish them. Alternate translation: “You are doing … yourselves. You are causing … and babies.”
44:7 mnr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Why are you doing great wickedness against yourselves? 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “Why are you doing these wicked things that harm yourselves?” or “You are doing wicked things that cause terrible things to happen to you.”
44:7 n4fj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Why are you causing yourselves to be cut off from among Judah … and babies? 0 Being separated from the people of Judah is spoken of as if the people are cut off from Judah the way a person may cut off a branch from a vine or cut off a piece of cloth. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Why are you causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies?” or “You are causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
44:8 prs6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns By your wickedness you have offended me with the deeds of your hands 0 Here, **wickedness** represents actions that are “wicked.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Here, **hand** represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “You have offended me with the wicked things you have done” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
44:7 n4fj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Why are you causing yourselves to be cut off from among Judah … and babies? 0 Being separated from the people of Judah is spoken of as if the people are cut off from Judah the way a person may cut off a branch from a vine or cut off a piece of cloth. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Why are you causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies?” or “You are causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies.”
44:8 prs6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns By your wickedness you have offended me with the deeds of your hands 0 Here, **wickedness** represents actions that are “wicked.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Here, **hand** represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “You have offended me with the wicked things you have done”
44:8 bqw9 You have gone there so that … so that 0 Alternate translation: “The result of going to Egypt is that … and that”
44:8 d96k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you will be destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will cause me to destroy you” or “you will destroy yourselves”
44:8 qgd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth 0 Here “nations” represent the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of all the nations of the earth will curse you and hate you”
44:9 zk7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you forgotten the wickedness committed by your ancestors and the wickedness committed by the kings of Judah and their wives? 0 Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about the wicked behavior of their ancestors and how Yahweh punished them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to your ancestors and the kings of Judah and their wives when they did wicked things.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
44:9 v2a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you forgotten the evil committed by yourselves and your wives in the land of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem? 0 Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about their own wicked behavior and how Yahweh punished them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to you and your wives when you did evil things in the land Judah and the streets of Jerusalem.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
44:9 zk7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you forgotten the wickedness committed by your ancestors and the wickedness committed by the kings of Judah and their wives? 0 Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about the wicked behavior of their ancestors and how Yahweh punished them. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to your ancestors and the kings of Judah and their wives when they did wicked things.”
44:9 v2a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you forgotten the evil committed by yourselves and your wives in the land of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem? 0 Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about their own wicked behavior and how Yahweh punished them. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to you and your wives when you did evil things in the land Judah and the streets of Jerusalem.”
44:9 w74z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the streets of Jerusalem 0 Jerusalem is referred to by the part of the city where people walk. This means the people did evil things in public places. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem” or “the public places of Jerusalem”
44:10 ai8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person they still are not humbled 0 “the people of Judah are still not humble.” Yahweh is still speaking to the people of Judah, so this can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “you are still not humble”
44:10 a4hl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor nor do they walk in them 0 Obeying the laws is spoken of as if it were walking in the laws. Alternate translation: “nor do they obey them” or “nor do you obey them”
@ -2677,7 +2628,7 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
44:11 vc6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I am about to set my face against you 0 This idiom means he “firmly decided.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:10](../21/10.md). Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose you”
44:11 j5gg set my face against 0 Alternate translation: “stare angrily at”
44:11 is79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to bring disaster to you 0 Causing disaster to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that can be brought to someone. Alternate translation: “to cause disaster to happen to you”
44:12 t7mn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom They will fall by sword and famine 0 Here “fall” means to die. And “sword” represents the enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Enemies will kill some of them and others will die of hunger” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
44:12 t7mn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom They will fall by sword and famine 0 Here “fall” means to die. Alternate translation: “Enemies will kill some of them and others will die of hunger”
44:12 pmr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism From the least to the greatest 0 This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: “all the people from every social status” or “all the people, including the least important and the most important people”
44:12 t4e4 will become an object of swearing, cursing, reproaching, and a horrible thing 0 Alternate translation: “people will be horrified because of what happened to the people of Judah, and people will mock and curse them”
44:13 yvm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I punished Jerusalem 0 Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “I punished the people of Jerusalem”
@ -2708,16 +2659,16 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
44:25 lq9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony Now fulfill your vows; carry them out 0 This is an ironic statement. Yahweh does not really want them to fulfill their vow to a false goddess. Yahweh knows they will not listen to him so he tells them to go ahead and do what they want. Alternate translation: “Very well! If that is what you want to do, then go fulfill your vows and do what you promised to do”
44:25 vw9i Now 0 The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
44:26 vwq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all of Judah 0 Here “Judah” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah”
44:26 d9iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My name will no longer be called upon by the mouths of any of the men of Judah in all the land of Egypt 0 Here “name” represents the whole being of Yahweh. And, “mouth” represents the whole person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No person of Judah living in the land of Egypt will ever call upon me again” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
44:26 d9iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My name will no longer be called upon by the mouths of any of the men of Judah in all the land of Egypt 0 Here “name” represents the whole being of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “No person of Judah living in the land of Egypt will ever call upon me again”
44:26 n652 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom As the Lord Yahweh lives 0 “as surely as the Lord Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you transited “As Yahweh lives” [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” or “I solemnly swear by the Lord Yahweh”
44:27 c948 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole Every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will perish by sword and famine until they are all finished 0 Here “Every person” is a generalization that means “very many people.” Also, “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Nearly every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will die. Enemies will kill many of them and many of them will starve to death until there is very few of them left” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
44:27 c948 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole Every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will perish by sword and famine until they are all finished 0 Here “Every person” is a generalization that means “very many people.” Alternate translation: “Nearly every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will die. Enemies will kill many of them and many of them will starve to death until there is very few of them left”
44:28 ar61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Then the survivors of the sword 0 Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Then those whom the enemies do not kill”
44:29 vj4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I am setting against you 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am opposed to you”
44:29 g448 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification my words will certainly attack you with disaster 0 Yahweh causing disaster on the people as he promised is spoken of as if his word would attack them. Alternate translation: “what I have said will happen and you will have a disaster”
44:30 wm1f Look 0 Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention”
44:30 fk1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am about to give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies and into the hand of those who seek to kill him 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemies who want to kill Pharaoh Hophra, the king of Egypt, to defeat him”
44:30 k1p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hophra 0 This is the name of a man.
44:30 sf5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy when I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, his enemy who sought his life 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. And, Nebuchadnezzar represents his whole army. The phrase “sought his life” is an idiom that means to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: “when I allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar to defeat Zedekiah king of Judah” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
44:30 sf5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy when I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, his enemy who sought his life 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. And, Nebuchadnezzar represents his whole army. Alternate translation: “when I allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar to defeat Zedekiah king of Judah”
45:intro m5sy 0 # Jeremiah 45 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter forms a break in the narrative sequence. It records prophecies that have already occurred. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
45:1 n8gv this was in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah 0 This information can be placed at the beginning of 45:1 as in the UST.
45:1 uid7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis in the fourth year of Jehoiakim 0 The words “of the rule” are understood. Alternate translation: “in the fourth year of the rule of Jehoiakim”
@ -2730,8 +2681,7 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
45:5 m1dh For see 0 Alternate translation: “For understand” or “Be aware”
45:5 n1jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your life as your plunder everywhere you will go 0 Allowing Baruch to escape and remain alive is spoken of as if his life were plunder that he would take after a battle. Alternate translation: “but wherever you go, I will protect you and allow you to live”
45:5 a5tu plunder 0 things stolen from a place by force
46:intro ul65 0 # Jeremiah 46 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 46:3–12, 14–24.\n\nThis begins a section where Jeremiah prophesies about other nations. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Justice\n\nMuch of Jeremiah is concerned with Yahweh’s punishment of Judah. Yahweh used Egypt to punish Judah. Because Yahweh is just, he is going to punish Egypt for their evil deeds as well. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Battle preparations\n\nJeremiah commands the Egyptian army to prepare for battle, even though they will not be able to defend themselves. Their punishment has already been determined by Yahweh.
46:1 sfw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
46:intro ul65 0 # Jeremiah 46 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 46:3–12, 14–24.\n\nThis begins a section where Jeremiah prophesies about other nations. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n
46:1 e496 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah”
46:2 q4ql For Egypt 0 This phrase indicates this message is intended for the nation of Egypt.
46:2 zfd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Necho 0 This is the name of a man.
@ -2744,8 +2694,8 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
46:4 v58m polish the spears 0 This phrase means to “sharpen” the spear.
46:5 nj2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What am I seeing here? 0 The word “I” here refer to Yahweh. Yahweh uses a question to introduce the vision and to draw attention to what he says next. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what is happening here”
46:5 hry1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns They are filled with terror 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers are terrified”
46:6 gr1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet the swift cannot run away, and the soldiers cannot escape 0 These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one, not even the strongest and fastest, can escape. The nominal adjective “the swift” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “even the swiftest soldier cannot escape” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
46:6 bv4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism They stumble in the north and fall beside the Euphrates River 0 Both statements mean the same thing. Being and dying in battle is spoken of as if the soldiers stumble and fall. Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers suffer defeat and die in the north by the Euphrates River” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
46:6 gr1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet the swift cannot run away, and the soldiers cannot escape 0 These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one, not even the strongest and fastest, can escape. Alternate translation: “even the swiftest soldier cannot escape”
46:6 bv4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism They stumble in the north and fall beside the Euphrates River 0 Both statements mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers suffer defeat and die in the north by the Euphrates River”
46:7 j7fk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who is this who rises like the Nile … the rivers? 0 Yahweh uses a question to draw attention to what he is about to say concerning Egypt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at who rises like the Nile … the rivers.”
46:8 n8ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Egypt rises like the Nile 0 The Nile river floods its banks once a year, covering the surrounding area with water. Yahweh compares the kingdom of Egypt to the Nile because the Egyptian people think they are mighty enough to destroy cities in all the lands.
46:8 udt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Egypt rises … Egypt says … I will 0 Here “Egypt” represents all the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “The Egyptians rise … The Egyptians say … We will”
@ -2757,20 +2707,20 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
46:9 awb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom skillful at bending their bows 0 The phrase “bend the bow” means to pull the string of the bow back with an arrow in order to shoot the arrow. Alternate translation: “skillful at shooting arrows from their bows” or “skillful with the bow and arrow”
46:10 k221 That day 0 This phrase refers to the day the Egyptians lose the battle to the Babylonians.
46:10 kb95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person for the Lord Yahweh of hosts, and he will avenge himself on his foes 0 Yahweh speaks of himself in third person. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “for me, Lord Yahweh of hosts, and I will avenge myself on my foes”
46:10 xmi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The sword will devour and be satisfied. It will drink its fill of their blood 0 This speaks of Yahweh’s sword as if it were devouring people and drinking blood. Both these phrases are saying similar thing and are combined to emphasize that there will be complete destruction. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy my enemy. It will be like my sword devours them and gets drunk on their blood” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
46:10 xmi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The sword will devour and be satisfied. It will drink its fill of their blood 0 Both these phrases are saying similar thing and are combined to emphasize that there will be complete destruction. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy my enemy. It will be like my sword devours them and gets drunk on their blood”
46:10 c3fe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The sword will devour 0 Yahweh punishing and killing his enemies is spoken of as if he would use a sword to kill them.
46:10 i9dw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For there will be a sacrifice 0 Yahweh avenging himself by causing the Egyptians to lose in battle against the Babylonians is spoken of as if the Egyptian army would be a sacrifice to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “For the Egyptians will be like a sacrifice”
46:11 h7iu 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh finishes his declaration to Egypt.
46:11 b1x3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony Go up to Gilead and obtain medicine 0 Gilead was a region famous for having people skillful with medicine. Yahweh is mocking the Egyptians by telling them to go get medicine, but he knows it will not help them.
46:11 k73x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor virgin daughter of Egypt 0 The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the virgin daughter of Egypt. Alternate translation: “people of Egypt”
46:12 m6ni disgrace 0 This word means a condition of feeling ashamed or the loss of respect.
46:12 xc2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The earth is filled with your laments 0 Here “earth” is a metonym for the people of the earth and a generalization for the people who know what has happened to Egypt. All the people of the earth hearing the Egyptians crying is spoken of as if their laments filled the earth. Alternate translation: “All the people of the earth hear you crying” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
46:12 xc2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The earth is filled with your laments 0 Here “earth” is a metonym for the people of the earth and a generalization for the people who know what has happened to Egypt. Alternate translation: “All the people of the earth hear you crying”
46:12 jk5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for soldier stumbles against soldier; both of them fall together 0 Soldiers dying in battle is spoken of as if they were stumbling and falling down. Alternate translation: “for your soldiers die in battle”
46:13 q31x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy when Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon 0 Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “when the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon”
46:13 jr9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the land of Egypt 0 Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt” or “the Egyptians”
46:14 g5lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Migdol 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 44:1](../44/01.md).
46:14 qy9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Memphis … Tahpanhes 0 Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/16.md).
46:14 b4vr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword will devour those around you 0 The word “sword” here represents soldiers carrying weapons. The enemy soliders killing people is spoken of as if their swords were devouring people. Alternate translation: “your enemies will kill people all around you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
46:14 b4vr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword will devour those around you 0 The word “sword” here represents soldiers carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “your enemies will kill people all around you”
46:15 a8tg Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand 0 Some Bibles translate this as “Why has Apis fled? Why did your bull not stand?” Apis was an Egyptian god that was represented by the form of a bull. The bull is often a symbol for strength. That is why the ULT and other versions of the Bible translate this as “strong ones” or “mighty ones,” which refers to soldiers.
46:15 i1pz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand 0 Yahweh uses a question to mock the strength of the Egyptian soldiers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers are face-down on the ground and will not stand”
46:16 a5tm He increases the numbers of those who stumble 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh causes more and more of your soldiers to stumble”
@ -2789,53 +2739,51 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
46:22 pc27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Egypt hisses like a snake and crawls away 0 The inability of the Egyptians to do anything to stop their enemy is spoken of as if they were snakes that can only hiss and crawl away.
46:22 z1yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile They are going toward her like woodcutters with axes 0 The enemies coming with the weapons to destroy the Egyptians is spoken of as if they were woodcutters with axes preparing to cut down a tree.
46:23 q15l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They will cut down the forests … although it is very dense 0 This continues speaking of the enemy army attacking the Egyptians as if the army were woodcutters cutting down trees. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will kill many Egyptians like woodcutters cutting down a forest … even though there are very many trees”
46:23 p42g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
46:23 gvh6 locusts 0 This is a type of insect that travels in very large groups and can cause great destruction by eating crops.
46:23 dl76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive unable to be counted 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will be able to count them”
46:24 ut6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The daughter of Egypt will be made ashamed 0 The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Egypt. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will humiliate the people of Egypt” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
46:24 n1ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy She will be given into the hand of people from the north 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will allow the people from the north to defeat the Egyptians” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
46:25 v4iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Amon of Thebes 0 “Amon” is the king of the Egyptian gods. “Thebes” is the capital of the northern part of Egypt, and here it represents the people of Thebes. Alternate translation: “Amon, god of Thebes” or “Amon, god of the people of Thebes” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
46:24 ut6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The daughter of Egypt will be made ashamed 0 The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Egypt. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will humiliate the people of Egypt”
46:24 n1ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy She will be given into the hand of people from the north 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will allow the people from the north to defeat the Egyptians”
46:25 v4iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Amon of Thebes 0 “Amon” is the king of the Egyptian gods. Alternate translation: “Amon, god of Thebes”
46:25 au2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Egypt and her gods 0 Here “Egypt” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Egypt and the gods they worship”
46:26 pq89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am giving them into the hand of the ones seeking their lives 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. The phrase “seeking their lives” is an idiom that mean to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: “I will allow those who are wanting to kill them to defeat them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
46:26 pq89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am giving them into the hand of the ones seeking their lives 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will allow those who are wanting to kill them to defeat them”
46:26 n18z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. “Nebuchadnezzar … his servants” names specifically “the ones seeking their lives.” Alternate translation: “that is, I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants to defeat the Egyptians”
46:26 zb51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Then after this Egypt will be inhabited 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then after this, people will live in Egypt again”
46:27 cfi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism my servant Jacob, do not fear. Do not be dismayed, Israel 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. Here “Jacob” and “Israel” represent the people of Israel. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people should not be afraid. Alternate translation: “people of Israel, my servants, do not be afraid” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
46:27 cfi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism my servant Jacob, do not fear. Do not be dismayed, Israel 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “people of Israel, my servants, do not be afraid”
46:27 n8yh from the land of their captivity 0 Alternate translation: “from the land where they are captives”
46:28 r2ij rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I will bring complete destruction against all the nations 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy all the nations”
46:28 h92x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives will certainly not leave you unpunished 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you”
47:intro y84e 0 # Jeremiah 47 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 47:2–7.\n\nJeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Flood waters\n\nThis chapter uses the imagery of a flood to describe the enemies who conquer the Philistines. Their destruction will be swift and complete. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47:1 up7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh that came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah”
47:1 up7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh that came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah”
47:1 z4d3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom This word came to him 0 The idiom “this word came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave this message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah”
47:1 n7b3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy before Pharaoh 0 Here “Pharaoh” represents the Egyptians army. Alternate translation: “before Pharaoh’s army”
47:2 br4s See 0 The word “see” alerts us to pay attention to what is about to be said.
47:2 na2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism floods of water are rising in the north. They will be like an overflowing river! 0 The two phrases have a similar meaning. The enemy army is spoken of as if it were a flood. Alternate translation: “an army in the north will come like a flood. They will be powerful like an overflowing river” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47:2 na2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism floods of water are rising in the north. They will be like an overflowing river! 0 The two phrases have a similar meaning. Alternate translation: “an army in the north will come like a flood. They will be powerful like an overflowing river”
47:2 wnx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they will overflow the land 0 This continues speaking of the army from the north as an overflowing river. Alternate translation: “like an overflowing river, the army from the north will destroy the land”
47:3 yv46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism At the sound of the stamping of their strong horses’ hooves, at the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels 0 Together these represent the sounds of an oncoming army.
47:3 yya7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet at the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels 0 These two phrase have similar meanings and they are combined to emphasize the loud noise they will make. Alternate translation: “at the very loud sound of the wheels of the chariots”
47:4 q4r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For the day is coming that will devastate all of the Philistines, to cut off from Tyre 0 This speaks of a day as if it were something that travels and arrives in a place. Alternate translation: “For on that day, the enemy army will devastate all of the Philistines and cut off from Tyre”
47:4 f7br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to cut off from Tyre and Sidon every survivor who wants to help them 0 Removing someone is spoken of as if they were cut off the way a person may cut a branch from a tree or a piece of cloth from a garment. Alternate translation: “to remove anyone who may want to help Tyre and Sidon”
47:4 g199 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Caphtor 0 This is the name of an island of the northern region of the Philistines.
47:5 u8ep rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Baldness will come upon Gaza 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **baldness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “bald.” “Gaza” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people of Gaza will shave their heads bald” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
47:5 u8ep rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Baldness will come upon Gaza 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **baldness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “bald.” Alternate translation: “The people of Gaza will shave their heads bald”
47:5 yv2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction Baldness 0 The shaving of the entire head or portions of the head is a sign of great sorrow practiced by idol worshipers in nations such as Philistia.
47:5 dw3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism the people … will be made silent 0 This could mean: (1) the people will be silent because they are mourning or (2) this is a euphemism that means the enemy soldiers will kill them.
47:5 m4h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How long will you cut yourself in mourning? 0 Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Ashkelon will never stop mourning. Yahweh speaks to the people as if he were speaking to one woman, who is a metaphor for the city itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will forever cut yourselves in mourning.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
47:5 m4h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How long will you cut yourself in mourning? 0 Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Ashkelon will never stop mourning. Alternate translation: “You will forever cut yourselves in mourning.”
47:5 f7f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction cut yourself in mourning 0 The cutting of one’s skin was another practice done by the idol worshipers when they mourn the dead.
47:6 eck8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification sword of Yahweh! How long will it be until you become silent? Go back to your scabbard! Stop and be silent. 0 The Philistines speak to the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could hear them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you who are holding your sword! When will you stop striking us with your sword? Stop your sword and put it back in its scabbard!”
47:6 m6j8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sword of Yahweh 0 Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army from the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking them with a sword.
47:6 cid1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How long will it be until you become silent? 0 The people of the Philistines use this question to express their deep frustration about the devastation caused by their enemies. This may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please be silent!” or “Please, Yahweh, stop striking us with your sword!”
47:6 r4br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom you become silent 0 A sword makes a noise as it slashes back and forth. Asking the sword to be silent means to ask it to stop slashing and killing. Alternate translation: “you rest” or “you stop slashing”
47:6 hg5n scabbard 0 This is the case used to protect the blade of a sword.
47:7 x3p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification How can it rest … along the sea? 0 Here Jeremiah is speaking. He continues speaking of the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could rest. Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army of the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking the people with a sword. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It cannot rest … along the sea.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47:7 x3p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification How can it rest … along the sea? 0 Here Jeremiah is speaking. He continues speaking of the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could rest. Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army of the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking the people with a sword. Alternate translation: “It cannot rest … along the sea.”
47:7 w3uj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How can it rest when Yahweh has commanded it, when he has ordered … the sea? 0 Jeremiah uses a question to mean that the sword cannot stop since Yahweh has commanded it to continue killing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It cannot stop, for Yahweh has commanded it. He has ordered … the sea.”
48:intro d44i 0 # Jeremiah 48 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 48:1–25, 28–33, 39–47.\n\nJeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Obeying Yahweh\n\nMoab worshiped and served other gods. Despite this, Yahweh expected every nation to worship and serve him and him alone. They were punished because of it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
48:1 r24j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
48:intro d44i 0 # Jeremiah 48 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 48:1–25, 28–33, 39–47.\n\nJeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n
48:1 kuu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy To Moab 0 Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “To the people of Moab”
48:1 tu4z Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
48:1 xw9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Woe to Nebo, for it has been devastated 0 Here “Nebo” represents the people. Alternate translation: “How terrible it is for the people of Nebo, for their city is devastated”
48:1 b21z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nebo 0 This is the name of a city near Mount Nebo in Moab.
48:1 vv99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Kiriathaim has been humiliated 0 Here “Kiriathaim has been humiliated” represents the people being humiliated. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured the city of Kiriathaim and humiliated the people who live there” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
48:1 vv99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Kiriathaim has been humiliated 0 Here “Kiriathaim has been humiliated” represents the people being humiliated. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured the city of Kiriathaim and humiliated the people who live there”
48:1 e7lp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kiriathaim 0 This is the name of a city in Moab.
48:1 w4q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Her fortress has been disgraced 0 Here “fortress has been disgraced” represents the people being disgraced. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy has destroyed the fortress in Kiriathaim and disgraced its people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
48:1 w4q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Her fortress has been disgraced 0 Here “fortress has been disgraced” represents the people being disgraced. Alternate translation: “The enemy has destroyed the fortress in Kiriathaim and disgraced its people”
48:2 f8nr The honor of Moab is no more 0 Alternate translation: “People no longer honor Moab” or “People no longer praise Moab”
48:2 hq3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heshbon 0 This is the name of a city.
48:2 dmn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Madmen will also perish 0 “Madmen” here is a town in Moab. The name of the city has nothing to do with the English word “madmen.” Alternate translation: “Their enemies will destroy the city of Madmen”
@ -2847,21 +2795,19 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
48:5 uj9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Luhith 0 This is the name of a place in Moab.
48:5 cpt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns because of the destruction 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroyed.” Alternate translation: “because their town is destroyed”
48:6 lhh3 Save your lives 0 The word “your” refers to the people of Moab.
48:6 kv9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile become like a juniper bush in the wilderness 0 The people fleeing from their cities into the desert is compared to a bush or shrub that grows in the desert. Alternate translation: “become like a shrub that grows in the wilderness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
48:6 kv9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile become like a juniper bush in the wilderness 0 The people fleeing from their cities into the desert is compared to a bush or shrub that grows in the desert. Alternate translation: “become like a shrub that grows in the wilderness”
48:7 gkg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns because of your trust 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trust**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “because you trusted”
48:7 z18z in your practices 0 Alternate translation: “in your own efforts” or “in your own work”
48:7 v42e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you also will be captured 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will also capture you”
48:7 x4hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Then Chemosh will go away into captivity 0 “Chemosh” is the chief god of the Moabites. This means the enemy army will take the idol of Chemosh that the people made to worship. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will take your god Chemosh as a captive” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
48:7 x4hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Then Chemosh will go away into captivity 0 “Chemosh” is the chief god of the Moabites. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will take your god Chemosh as a captive”
48:8 uxi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit For the destroyer will come to every city 0 Here “the destroyer” represents the enemy army. Alternate translation: “For the enemy army will come to every city and destroy it”
48:8 wca7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy no city will escape 0 Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “no people from any city will escape”
48:8 e6c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy So the valley will perish and the plain will be devastated 0 Here “valley” and “plain” represent the cities and the people in those places Alternate translation: “So the enemy army will destroy everything in the valleys and on the plains”
48:9 jd6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Give wings to Moab, for she must certainly fly away 0 Helping the people is spoken of as if they would put wings on the people so that could fly away. Alternate translation: “Help the people of Moab to escape as if you were giving them wings to fly away”
48:9 eq9z Give wings to Moab, for she must certainly fly away 0 The translation of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate this as “Set up a tombstone for Moab, for the enemy will certainly destroy it.” Other Bibles translate it as “Put salt on the cities of Moab, for the enemy will completely destroy it.” Enemies through salt on ruins to keep thing from ever growing there again.
48:10 c5zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from shedding blood 0 Here “blood” represents a person’s life. And “shedding blood” is an idiom that means to kill. Alternate translation: “from killing people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
48:10 c5zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from shedding blood 0 Here “blood” represents a person’s life. Alternate translation: “from killing people”
48:11 lvs4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Moab has felt secure since he was young … He is … his wine … He has never gone … he tastes … his flavor 0 Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he” and “his” can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “Even from their earliest times, the people of Moab have felt secure … They are … their wine … They have never gone … they tastes … their flavor”
48:11 tpx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He is like his wine that has never been poured from pot to pot 0 For wine to taste good, it has to be left undisturbed for a long time and not poured from one pot to another. Yahweh compares the people of Moab, who are prosperous because no one has ever conquered them and taken them as captives, to wine that is undisturbed and has a good flavor. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
48:11 tpx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He is like his wine that has never been poured from pot to pot 0 For wine to taste good, it has to be left undisturbed for a long time and not poured from one pot to another.
48:12 mt13 So see, the days are coming 0 Alternate translation: “Listen carefully because there will be a time”
48:12 p3kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
48:12 z48t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will send him those who will tip him over and pour out all his pots and shatter his jars 0 The enemy army defeating the people of Moab and taking them as captives is spoken of as if the people of Moab are wine and someone will come and pour them out and break the wine jars. Alternate translation: “I will send an army that will destroy them as if they were pouring out wine and breaking the jars”
48:12 nky7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification send him … tip him over … his pots … his jars 0 Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he,” “his,” and “him” in 48:11–12 can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “send them … tip them over … their pots … their jars”
48:13 le7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Then Moab 0 Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Moab”
@ -2871,16 +2817,15 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
48:14 r8r7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men’? 0 Here Yahweh is speaking to the soldiers of Moab. Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the soldiers. Alternate translation: “No longer can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men.’”
48:15 z5yr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Moab will be devastated and its cities attacked 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will devastate Moab and attack its cities”
48:15 b73e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor its finest young men have gone down to the place of slaughter 0 The best men of Moab going to battle and being killed is spoken of as if they were animals taken to a place to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “their fine young men will all be slaughtered” or “the enemy army will kill all of the finest men of Moab”
48:15 x1zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person This is the king’s declaration 0 Here “king” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 46:18](../46/18.md). Alternate translation: “This is what I, the king, declare”
48:16 f7i9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Moab’s disaster is soon to happen; calamity is hurrying quickly 0 These two sentences mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Moab’s destruction will happen very soon. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies will destroy her very soon”
48:16 u5tf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor calamity is hurrying quickly 0 Something terrible happening soon is spoken of as if calamity were something that could move quickly to a place. Alternate translation: “terrible things will happen very soon”
48:17 l1hb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the strong staff, the honored rod, has been broken 0 Here the words “staff” and “rod” represent the power and political support that Moab provided to other nations. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies have ended her great power” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
48:17 l1hb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the strong staff, the honored rod, has been broken 0 Here the words “staff” and “rod” represent the power and political support that Moab provided to other nations. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies have ended her great power”
48:18 f8bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you daughter living in Dibon 0 The people of Dibon are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Dibon. Alternate translation: “you people living in Dibon”
48:18 l7bv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Dibon 0 This is the name of a city in Moab.
48:18 y9wk the one who will destroy Moab 0 Alternate translation: “the enemy army that will destroy Moab”
48:19 l7di rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aroer 0 This is the name of a city in Moab.
48:19 vrl3 Ask the ones 0 Alternate translation: “Ask the people” or “Ask the men and women”
48:20 zk9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Moab has been shamed, for it has been shattered 0 Here “Moab” represents the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people are disgraced, for the enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
48:20 zk9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Moab has been shamed, for it has been shattered 0 Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people are disgraced, for the enemy army has destroyed Moab”
48:20 lmj3 Howl and lament 0 Alternate translation: “Cry loudly in pain and anger”
48:20 zl7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that Moab has been devastated 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the enemy army has devastated Moab”
48:21 m1zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive punishment has come to the hill country, to Holon … Mephaath 0 Yahweh punishing the people of the hill country and cities of Moab is spoken of as if punishment were something that could travel and arrive in a place. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will punish the people of the hill country, of Holon … Mephaath”
@ -2913,15 +2858,14 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
48:32 xk3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor vine of Sibmah! Your branches passed … your wine 0 The town of Sibmah had many vineyards. Here, Yahweh speaks to the people of Sibmah as if there were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “people of Sibmah, who are like a grapevine with branches that passed … your wine”
48:32 z5h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The destroyers have attacked your summer fruit and your wine 0 Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Sibmah as if they were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “The destroyers have attacked you and have taken the fruit from your vineyards and your wine”
48:32 lk5n The destroyers have 0 Alternate translation: “The enemy army has”
48:33 kv8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns So celebration and rejoicing have been taken away from the fruit trees and the land of Moab 0 The abstract nouns “celebration” and “rejoicing” can be stated as verbs. The phrase “have been taken away” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab will no longer celebrate and rejoice because of their fruit trees” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
48:33 kv8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns So celebration and rejoicing have been taken away from the fruit trees and the land of Moab 0 The abstract nouns “celebration” and “rejoicing” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab will no longer celebrate and rejoice because of their fruit trees”
48:33 fn4p I have put an end to the wine from their winepresses 0 Alternate translation: “I have stopped the wine from their winepresses” or “I have stopped the people from making wine”
48:33 u8yw I have put an end 0 Here “I” refers to Yahweh.
48:33 db16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They will not tread 0 The wine makers would stomp on the grapes to squeeze out the juice. Alternate translation: “The wine makers will not stomp the grapes”
48:34 hx1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heshbon 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md).
48:34 zq8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elealeh … Jahaz … Zoar … Horonaim … Eglath Shelishiyah 0 These are names of other cities in Moab.
48:34 puy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nimrim 0 This is the name of a stream or river near the Dead Sea.
48:35 ler4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
48:36 jaw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my heart is lamenting for Moab like a flute 0 Here “heart” represents the whole person. The person’s sad crying is compared to the sad music played on a flute at a funeral. Alternate translation: “I cry sadly for Moab. My cries are like the sad music a person plays on a flute at a funeral” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
48:36 jaw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my heart is lamenting for Moab like a flute 0 Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I cry sadly for Moab. My cries are like the sad music a person plays on a flute at a funeral”
48:36 qwv8 my heart 0 This could mean: (1) “my” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “my” refers to Yahweh.
48:36 b311 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kir Hareseth 0 Kir Hareseth was an ancient capital of Moab. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:31](../48/31.md).
48:37 mzh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction For every head is bald and every beard shaved. Incisions are on every hand, and sackcloth is around their waists 0 These are all things that the people of Moab did when they were mourning or expressing deep sorrow.
@ -2930,10 +2874,9 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
48:38 vhp3 every flat roof 0 Alternate translation: “every housetop”
48:38 k4ve plazas 0 open public areas, such as open marketplaces
48:38 x6fh For I have destroyed 0 The word “I” refers to Yahweh
48:38 aj4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
48:39 bl2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations How it has been shattered! How they howl in their lamenting! 0 Here “How” begins exclamations. The phrase “has been shattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have completely shattered them! They shout loudly and weep!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
48:39 bl2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations How it has been shattered! How they howl in their lamenting! 0 Here “How” begins exclamations. The phrase “has been shattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have completely shattered them! They shout loudly and weep!”
48:39 kh25 howl 0 a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain
48:39 n6k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Moab turns its back in shame 0 Here Moab represents the people. To turn one’s back is a sign of feeling ashamed. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab turn their backs in shame” or “The people of Moab are ashamed and will not show their faces” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
48:39 n6k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Moab turns its back in shame 0 Here Moab represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab turn their backs in shame”
48:39 b4ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns So Moab will become an object of derision and a terror to all those who are around him 0 This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “derision” and “terror.” Alternate translation: “So all the people nearby will be terrified at what happened to the people of Moab and they will mock them”
48:40 m362 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile the enemy will come flying like an eagle, spreading out his wings 0 These phrases compare how a powerful army will descend on Moab and conquer it to the way an eagle swoops down to capture its prey.
48:41 bm6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Kerioth has been captured, and its strongholds have been seized 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured Kerioth and seized its strongholds”
@ -2942,44 +2885,40 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
48:41 nyn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hearts of Moab’s soldiers will be like the hearts of women in birth labor 0 Here “hearts” represent a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “Moab’s soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth”
48:42 a6pz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive So Moab will be destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So the enemy will destroy the people of Moab”
48:43 dsi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Terror and the pit, and a trap are coming on you 0 Here “coming on you” is an idiom that means “to experience” something. Alternate translation: “You will experience the terror, the pit, and a trap” or “You will be terrified, and you will fall into pits and traps”
48:43 r55q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
48:44 qa8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche fall into the pit … caught in the trap 0 Here “the pit” and “the trap” represent all the different bad things that will happen to the people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing.
48:44 n33r in the year of 0 Here, “year” could be translated as “time” or “season” or “time period.”
48:45 gbj4 The ones who flee 0 This refers to the people who were able to run away during the destruction of Moab.
48:45 jpn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will stand in the shadow of Heshbon 0 Here “in the shadow” represents protection or shelter. Alternate translation: “will hide in Heshbon for protection” or “will go to Heshbon for shelter”
48:45 ypv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism for fire will go out from Heshbon, flame from the middle of Sihon 0 These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Moab’s destruction will begin and spread out from Heshbon, where King Sihon once lived. Alternate translation: because a fire will burn in Heshbon, which is the city where King Sihon lived long ago (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
48:45 ypv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism for fire will go out from Heshbon, flame from the middle of Sihon 0 These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Moab’s destruction will begin and spread out from Heshbon, where King Sihon once lived. Alternate translation: “because a fire will burn in Heshbon, which is the city where King Sihon lived long ago”
48:45 r5h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heshbon 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md).
48:45 m2yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sihon 0 This is the name of an Amorite king who once ruled over Heshbon.
48:45 ail8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche It will devour the forehead of Moab and the top of the heads of the boastful people 0 Here “forehead” and “top of the heads” represent the people of Moab as a whole. Alternate translation: “It will burn up all the people in Moab who noisily boasted very much”
48:45 rkn8 forehead 0 the part of the face that is above the eyes, but below the hairline
48:46 fd8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Chemosh’s people are destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed the people who worship Chemosh” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
48:46 fd8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Chemosh’s people are destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed the people who worship Chemosh”
48:46 dpj3 Chemosh 0 This is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 48:7](../48/07.md).
48:46 k4g8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your sons are taken as captives and your daughters into captivity 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy army has taken your sons and daughters as captives”
48:47 b2it I will restore the fortunes of Moab 0 “I will cause things to go well for Moab again” or “I will cause Moab to live well again.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
48:47 ei27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
48:47 i5t1 The judgment on Moab ends here 0 Alternate translation: “That is the end of what Jeremiah prophesied about Moab”
49:intro t6np 0 # Jeremiah 49 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines in 49:1–11, 14–27, 29–33, 37–39 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long quotation.\n\nJeremiah’s prophesies about other nations conclude in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Covenant with Abraham\n\nAmmon is destroyed because it drove the people of the tribe of Gad from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThere are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to convict those Yahweh addresses. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
49:1 q42f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\n(See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
49:1 tz36 Yahweh says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
49:1 rj3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Does Israel have no children? Is there no one to inherit anything in Israel? Why does Molech occupy Gad, and his people live in its cities? 0 Yahweh uses a question to express that the people of Israel should be living in Gad rather than those who worship Molech. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There are plenty of Israelites to inherit the land of Israel. The people who worship the false idol, Molech, should not live in Gad.”
49:1 t5qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Why does Molech 0 Here “Molech” represents the people who worship Molech. Alternate translation: “Why do the people who worship Molech”
49:2 lb84 So look 0 This adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look and listen”
49:2 b61d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor days are coming … when I will 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will” or “there will be a time … when I will”
49:2 i8qt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
49:2 jfb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor when I will sound the signal for battle 0 Yahweh causing an army to attack is spoken of as if he would sound the signal for the battle to start. Alternate translation: “when I will cause the enemy army to sound the signal for battle”
49:2 cl24 its villages will be set on fire 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will burn their villages”
49:2 p4ct rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy For Israel will possess those who possessed him 0 Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. “Those” refers to people of Ammon, who represent the land that they took from Israel. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Israel will again possess the land that the people of Ammon took away from them”
49:3 ve5q Howl in lament 0 Alternate translation: “Cry loudly and weep”
49:3 ywk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heshbon 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). Here “Heshbon” represents the people. Alternate translation: “people of Heshbon” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
49:3 ywk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heshbon 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md).
49:3 kfc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive for Ai will be devastated 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for your enemies will devastate Ai”
49:3 bf53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor daughters of Rabbah 0 This could mean: (1) “daughters” represent the women who live in Rabbah. Alternate translation: “women of Rabbah” or (2) all the people in general are spoken of as if they are the daughters of Rabbah. Alternate translation: “people of Rabbah”
49:3 z6g9 for Molech is going into captivity 0 “for your enemies will take your god Molech captive.” This means the enemies will take the idol that represents Molech back to their land.
49:4 p3m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you brag about your valleys … daughter? 0 Yahweh uses a question to scold the people for bragging about the large amount of fruit that grows in their valleys. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not be proud of your valleys … daughter.”
49:4 ve6p Why do you brag about your valleys, your valleys that are so fruitful 0 Some versions of the Bible read, “Why do you brag about your strength, your strength which is ebbing away”
49:4 a3g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor faithless daughter 0 Here, the people of Ammon are spoken of as if they were a daughter. Alternate translation: “faithless people” or “rebellious people”
49:4 yq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion say, ‘Who will come against me?’ 0 The Ammonites use this question to state that they do not believe anyone can defeat them. It can be reworded as an indirect statement. Alternate translation: “falsely think that no one can defeat you.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
49:4 yq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion say, ‘Who will come against me?’ 0 The Ammonites use this question to state that they do not believe anyone can defeat them. It can be reworded as an indirect statement. Alternate translation: “falsely think that no one can defeat you.”
49:5 a2bs you 0 The word “you” refers to the people of Ammon.
49:5 wlw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns this terror will come from all those who surround you. Each one of you will be scattered before it 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with the verb “terrify.” The phrase “will be scattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause all those around you to terrify you. Each one of you flee to different directions” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
49:5 wlw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns this terror will come from all those who surround you. Each one of you will be scattered before it 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with the verb “terrify.” The phrase “will be scattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause all those around you to terrify you. Each one of you flee to different directions”
49:7 j239 Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
49:7 j6lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is there no longer any wisdom to be found in Teman? 0 Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Teman for not acting wisely. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman!”
49:7 rhs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Teman 0 This is the name of a district in Edom.
@ -3011,26 +2950,25 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
49:15 g33b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit made you small 0 Here “small” represents having the least political importance. Alternate translation: “made you least important”
49:15 wr35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive despised by people 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and people despise you”
49:16 l7en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns As for your fearsomeness 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fearsomeness**, you can express the same idea with either an adjective or a verb. Alternate translation: “As for how terrifying you think you are” or “Although you think you scare other people”
49:16 kjt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your heart’s pride has deceived you 0 Here “heart” represents the whole person. People deceiving themselves is spoken of as if their pride deceived them. Alternate translation: “you have become prideful, but you have deceived yourselves” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
49:16 mwf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit so that you may make your nest high like an eagle 0 It is implied that the people made homes in high places to remain safe from enemies. Alternate translation: “live in safety like an eagle in the heights of the mountains” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
49:16 kjt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your heart’s pride has deceived you 0 Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “you have become prideful, but you have deceived yourselves”
49:16 mwf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit so that you may make your nest high like an eagle 0 It is implied that the people made homes in high places to remain safe from enemies. Alternate translation: “live in safety like an eagle in the heights of the mountains”
49:16 v7eu eagle 0 This is a very large, powerful bird of prey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:13](../04/13.md).
49:16 lr1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
49:17 hj17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Edom will become a horror to everyone passing by it 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **horror**, you can express the same idea with the verb “horrified.” Alternate translation: “The people passing by will be horrified when they what happened to Edom”
49:17 n5jw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction tremble and hiss 0 The word “hiss” refers to a sound that shows horror or awe. Alternate translation: “shake from fear and gasp”
49:18 ihe5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism no one will live there; no person will stay there 0 Yahweh says the same thing twice to emphasize that Edom will be completely uninhabited.
49:19 f4y5 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
49:19 r4k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he will go up like a lion from the forests of the Jordan to the green pasturelands 0 This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of forest and attacks sheep in the pasture” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
49:19 r4k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he will go up like a lion from the forests of the Jordan to the green pasturelands 0 This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of forest and attacks sheep in the pasture”
49:19 k55q pasturelands 0 This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass.
49:19 yjn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Edom run from it 0 Here “Edom” represents the people. “It” refers to the land. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom will run from their land”
49:19 c4yq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who will be chosen 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom I will choose”
49:19 l6pt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For who is like me, and who will summon me? 0 Yahweh uses the question to emphasize that no one is like him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “For no one is like me, no one can summon me.”
49:19 j5u5 who will summon me 0 Alternate translation: “who will challenge me” or “who will call me to account”
49:19 y36a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What shepherd is able to resist me? 0 Yahweh uses the question to show no one can defeat him. Here “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king” or “ruler.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
49:19 y36a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What shepherd is able to resist me? 0 Yahweh uses the question to show no one can defeat him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me!”
49:20 kqc2 the inhabitants of Teman 0 Alternate translation: “the people who live in Teman”
49:20 yyc7 Teman 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 49:7](../49/07.md).
49:20 x5ym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock 0 This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Edom as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will drag them away, even the smallest flock” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
49:20 x5ym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock 0 This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Edom as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. Alternate translation: “He will drag them away, even the smallest flock”
49:20 k44h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor even the smallest flock 0 Here the youngest and weakest people of Edom are spoken of as if they are the smallest flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “even the weakest and the smallest people”
49:20 qbe4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places 0 Here the land of Edom is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places” or “He will completely get rid of the people who live there” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
49:20 qbe4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places 0 Here the land of Edom is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places”
49:21 c9gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor At the sound of their falling the earth shakes 0 The loud sound of Edom being destroyed is spoken of as if Edom were a large object that shakes the earth when it falls. Alternate translation: “When enemies come and destroy Edom, the noise will be extremely loud, with the result that the earth will shake”
49:21 mw81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The sound of distressed shouts is heard at the Sea of Reeds 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People at the Sea of Reeds will hear the people of Edom crying”
49:22 u1u7 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
@ -3044,12 +2982,11 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
49:23 pe7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile They become as troubled as the sea, which cannot stay calm 0 The water of the sea is always moving and is never still. This is compared to the people who cannot rest because they are so anxious about the bad news they heard.
49:24 tg9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Damascus has become very weak. It turns … seizes it 0 Here “Damascus” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus have become very weak. They turn … seizes them”
49:24 ik2u terror seizes it 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with the verb “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Damascus is terrified” or “The people of Damascus are terrified”
49:24 b8u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Distress and pain seize it, like the pain of a woman giving birth 0 This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “distress” and “pain.” The people are compared to a woman giving birth to emphasize their pain and fear. Alternate translation: “The people are afraid and suffering like a woman giving birth” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
49:24 b8u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Distress and pain seize it, like the pain of a woman giving birth 0 This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “distress” and “pain.” Alternate translation: “The people are afraid and suffering like a woman giving birth”
49:25 u3wm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy? 0 Yahweh uses a question to express that the people should have left the city. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This famous city once caused me to rejoice, but now the people should leave it.”
49:25 c4ki How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy? 0 Some Bibles translate this with the people of Damascus speaking. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus say, ‘The famous city, which once made us rejoice, is now empty.’”
49:26 b744 its 0 The word “its” refers to Damascus and its people.
49:26 p99r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor its young men will fall in its plazas 0 They young men being killed is spoken of as if they will fall. Alternate translation: “enemies will kill the young men of Damascus in its plazas”
49:26 sd8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared”
49:27 zq53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will light a fire 0 Causing the enemy army to light a fire is spoken of as if Yahweh will light the fire. Alternate translation: “I will cause the enemy army to light a fire”
49:27 xw47 it will devour 0 Alternate translation: “the fire will completely burn up”
49:27 ghf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ben Hadad 0 This the name or title of the king of Damascus.
@ -3063,15 +3000,13 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
49:29 hri3 men will shout to them, “Terror is on every side!” 0 This could mean: (1) these are men being attacked by the enemy. Alternate translation: “men will shout, ‘We are terrified because terrible things are happening all around us!’” or (2) these are soldiers in the invading army. Alternate translation: “soldiers will shout at them, ‘Be afraid because we are all around you!’”
49:30 a8sg Flee! Wander … Turn back! 0 Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Kedar.
49:30 dpv9 inhabitants of Hazor 0 Alternate translation: “people who live in Hazor”
49:30 f53n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
49:30 l16w devised a plan 0 Alternate translation: “made a plan”
49:31 dyc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Arise! Attack … themselves 0 Here Yahweh is speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he was there listening to him.
49:31 qnr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Attack the nation at ease, that lives in safety 0 Here “nation” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “Attack this nation, whose people feel safe and secure”
49:31 hxk3 They … them 0 The words “They” and “them” refer to the people who feel safe and secure.
49:32 bn78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe For their camels will become plunder, and the abundance of their property will become war plunder 0 Yahweh is still speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he were there listening to him. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “For your soldiers will take their camels and all of their property” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
49:32 bn78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe For their camels will become plunder, and the abundance of their property will become war plunder 0 Yahweh is still speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he were there listening to him. Alternate translation: “For your soldiers will take their camels and all of their property”
49:32 i9ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Then I will scatter to every wind 0 Here “every wind” represents the nations. Alternate translation: “Then I will send to nations in all different directions”
49:32 m49g those who cut the corners of their hair 0 This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “those who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/26.md).
49:32 vge9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
49:33 kqm2 a lair of jackals 0 “a place where jackals live.” Jackals are fierce wild dogs. See how you translated “jackals” in [Jeremiah 9:11](../09/11.md).
49:33 u8xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism No one will live there; no human being will stay there 0 These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Hazor will be completely uninhabited.
49:34 z9k4 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh is speaking about what will happen to Elam.
@ -3080,7 +3015,7 @@ front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
49:35 f1xj I am about to break the bowmen of Elam, the main part of their power 0 Alternate translation: “The archers made Elam very powerful, but I will stop them”
49:35 phc1 bowmen 0 men who are skilled with a bow and arrows
49:36 k5pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens 0 Here “four winds from the four corners” is an idiom that represents wind blowing from every direction. Alternate translation: “I will cause the winds to blow from every direction”
49:36 p5sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens 0 Here “winds” represents nations. And the nations are a synecdoche representing the armies from those nations. Causing armies to come from all directions is spoken of as if Yahweh will cause wind to blow from all directions Alternate translation: “I will bring your enemies from every direction to attack you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
49:36 p5sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens 0 Here “winds” represents nations. Alternate translation: “I will bring your enemies from every direction to attack you”
49:36 hx53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to all of those winds 0 Here “winds” represents “nations.” Alternate translation: “to all those nations”
49:36 a1gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives There is no nation to which those scattered from Elam will not go 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will scatter the people of Elam to every nation on earth”
49:37 pcx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will shatter Elam 0 These words are a metonym for Yahweh causing enemies to destroy Elam. Alternate translation: “I will cause Elam’s enemies to destroy Elam”

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