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Update tn_JDG.tsv (#3790)
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tn_JDG.tsv
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@ -478,345 +478,452 @@ front:intro v8pn 0 # Introduction to Judges\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
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5:31 j230 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks כְּצֵ֥את הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ בִּגְבֻרָת֑וֹ 1 This is the end of the song that Deborah and Barak sang. (In the next sentence, the author resumes the story.) If you began the song with an opening first-level quotation mark or similar opening convention, indicate its ending here with a closing first-level quotation mark or similar closing convention. If you have been using special formatting to set off the song as poetry, resume regular formatting with the next sentence.
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5:31 q1yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט הָאָ֖רֶץ אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה 1 See how you translated the same expression in [3:11](../03/11.md). Alternate translation: “After this, there were no more wars for 40 years”
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6:intro p5sj 0 # Judges 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section about Gideon. (Chapters 6–8)\n\n### Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israel’s punishment\nIn Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
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6:1 ht3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil”
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6:1 l9nl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Also, “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the people of Midian” or “the control of the Midianites”
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6:2 bs4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The power of Midian oppressed Israel 0 Here “the power of Midian” refers to the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “The people of Midian were more powerful than the people of Israel and they oppressed them”
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6:2 pl5z dens 0 places in the rocky cliffs that would provide shelter
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6:4 zcp1 They would set up their army 0 Alternate translation: “The army would encamp” or “The army would set up their tents”
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6:5 i2ld Whenever they and their livestock and tents came up 0 The land of Midian was south of the land of Israel, near the Red Sea. It was common to use the phrase “came up” when speaking of traveling from Midian to Israel. Alternate translation: “Whenever the Midianites brought their livestock and tents to the land of Israel”
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6:5 e5sl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they would come as a swarm of locusts 0 The Midianites are compared to a swarm of locusts because they came in with a great number of people and their livestock ate everything that grew.
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6:5 ra2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole it was impossible to count 0 This is an exaggeration, a hyperbole, showing the number is very great.
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6:6 eg3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Midian weakened 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian.
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6:7 z7sa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom called out to Yahweh 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help”
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6:7 r2ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy because of Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “because of the Midianites”
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6:8 q22q I brought you up from Egypt 0 Alternate translation: “I led you out of Egypt”
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6:8 h336 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the house of slavery 0 Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves”
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6:9 ue1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the hand 0 In this phrase “hand” represents power or control.
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6:10 ne4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם בְּקוֹלִֽי 0 See how you translated the same expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “But you have not obeyed my voice”
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6:11 sex8 Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
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6:11 r6sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ophrah 0 This is the name of a town.
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6:11 iz4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abiezrite 0 This is a people group named after their ancestor Abiezer.
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6:11 y3ww was separating out the wheat by beating it on the floor 0 This is a process called “threshing.” Gideon was beating the wheat against the floor to separate the wheat grain from the rest of the wheat plant.
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6:12 fe5w appeared to him 0 Alternate translation: “went to him”
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6:13 as35 my master 0 Gideon uses the word “master” as a polite way to greet a stranger. He does not realize he is speaking to Yahweh in the form of an angel or a man.
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6:13 in9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where are all his wonderful deeds that our fathers told us about, when they said, ‘Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?’ 0 Gideon uses a question to challenge the stranger’s statement that Yahweh was with him. Also, the direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “We have not seen any wonderful deeds like the ones our fathers told us about when Yahweh brought them up from Egypt.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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6:13 e2k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom gave us into the hand of Midian 0 The phrase “gave us into” means Yahweh allowed the Israelites to be defeated. Alternate translation: “allowed the Midianites to defeat us”
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6:13 vi7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy gave us into the hand 0 Here “hand” represents power or control.
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6:13 buc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy of Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites”
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6:14 n2w1 Yahweh looked at him 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh looked at Gideon”
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6:14 kx2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the hand 0 Here “hand” represents power or control.
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6:14 wuu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy of Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites”
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6:14 zs9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have I not sent you? 0 Yahweh uses a question to ensure Gideon that he is sending him. Here “sent” means Yahweh has appointed Gideon with a specific task. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am sending you!”
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6:15 w5e8 Please, Lord 0 Gideon now calls the person “Lord” instead of “my master” as in [Judges 6:13](../06/13.md). Here it seems Gideon either knows or suspects that he is speaking with Yahweh.
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6:15 wn75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion how can I deliver Israel? 0 Gideon uses a question to emphasize that he does not think he can rescue the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I cannot possibly rescue the Israelites!”
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6:15 gpv8 See, my family 0 Alternate translation: “Look at my family and me and you will see that it”
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6:15 gp6c in Manasseh 0 Alternate translation: “in the tribe of Manasseh”
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6:16 p1xa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will be with you 0 Here “be with you” is an idiom that means Yahweh will help and bless Gideon.
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6:16 fhe8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit as one man 0 You can state the full meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “as easily as if you were fighting only one man”
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6:18 ngy5 set it before you 0 Alternate translation: “place it in front of you”
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6:19 kmz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume from an ephah of flour 0 If it is necessary to use a modern measurement; here is one way of doing it. Alternate translation: “with 22 liters of flour”
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6:19 c4pf broth 0 water that has had food, such as meat, cooked in it
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6:19 r55k them to him 0 Alternate translation: “them to the angel of God”
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6:20 u9cs angel of God 0 This is the same as the angel of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “God, who was in the form of an angel” or “God”
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6:21 ggc2 angel of Yahweh 0 In 6:11–24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
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6:21 x8t9 went away 0 Alternate translation: “disappeared”
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6:22 x6iw angel of Yahweh 0 In 6:11–24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
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6:22 l2pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations Ah, Lord Yahweh! 0 The word “Ah” here shows that Gideon was very frightened.
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6:22 c1kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom seen the angel of Yahweh face to face 0 This phrase refers to two people being close to each other. Alternate translation: “really seen the angel of Yahweh”
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6:23 b3ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Yahweh said to him 0 Apparently Yahweh spoke to Gideon from heaven.
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6:24 s81y To this day 0 This means to the time when the book of Judges was written.
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6:24 y4ya Ophrah 0 Translate the name of this town as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
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6:24 w4kn the clan of Abiezer 0 Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
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6:25 n1rh that is beside it 0 Alternate translation: “that is beside the altar of Baal”
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6:26 tj4p on the top of this place of refuge 0 The city of Ophrah was on top of a hill. Israelites fled there for refuge from the Midianites.
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6:26 gvr9 construct it the correct way 0 Alternate translation: “place the stones in an orderly manner” or “and build it properly”
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6:27 xp8k did as Yahweh had told him 0 This refers to Yahweh’s command in [Judges 6:25–26](./25.md).
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6:28 mii1 got up 0 Alternate translation: “got up out of bed” or “woke up”
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6:28 i5zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah that was beside it was cut down, and the second bull had been offered on the altar that had been built 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they noticed that someone had broken down the altar of Baal, cut down the Asherah that was beside it, and built an altar and sacrificed the second bull on it”
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6:30 r7h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he may be put to death 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we may kill him as punishment”
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6:31 jw4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you plead the case for Baal? 0 Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to defend a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to defend Baal.”
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6:31 xk3a plead the case 0 Alternate translation: “make a defense” or “give an excuse”
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6:31 n471 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you save him? 0 Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to rescue a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to save Baal.”
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6:32 j4wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.”
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6:32 q44c because he said 0 Alternate translation: “because Joash said”
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6:33 ual5 Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
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6:33 eu5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit gathered together 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gathered together as an army”
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6:34 d9eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom came over Gideon 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “took control of Gideon”
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6:34 sz1y clan of Abiezer 0 Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
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6:35 sy9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive and they too, were called out to follow him 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “calling them out to follow him”
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6:35 qb25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali 0 These all represent the people of each tribe. Alternate translation: “to the tribes of Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali”
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6:37 uf1b woolen fleece 0 the woolly coat of a sheep
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6:37 qz5z dew 0 water that forms on plants during the night
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6:37 s8ri rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit then I will know that you will 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “this will be a sign from you, and then I will know that you will”
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6:38 cs87 Gideon rose 0 Alternate translation: “Gideon got out of bed”
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6:38 ub6l wrung 0 twist and squeeze something to remove water
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6:1 ht3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy evil in the eyes of Yahweh 1 See how you translated the same expression in [2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment”
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6:1 l9nl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy so Yahweh gave them into the hand of 1 See how you translated the same expression in [2:14](../02/14.md). Alternate translation: “so Yahweh made them subject to”
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6:2 bs4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy So the hand of Midian prevailed over Israel 1 Here, **hand** represents the power of a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “So Israel was under the power of Midian”
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6:2 pl5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy From the face of Midian 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person or group, by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “Because of the presence of the Midianites” or “Because the Midianites kept coming to attack Israel”
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6:3 j236 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now it happened 1 The author is using this phrase to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens in the story. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
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6:3 j237 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche when Israel sowed 1 The author is using one part of the process of growing crops, sowing seed, to mean the whole process. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as the Israelites tried to grow crops each year”
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6:3 j238 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns against him 1 The pronoun **him** refers to **Israel**. The author is speaking of the nation as if it were a person. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “to oppress the people of Israel”
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6:5 ra2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole And of them and of their camels there was no counting 1 The author is making an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “Large numbers of people came, and they brought very many camels with them”
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6:5 j239 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result And they came into the land to destroy it 1 The author is describing the result rather than the purpose of the Midianites coming into the land of Israel. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And as a result of them coming into the land, it was ruined”
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6:6 j240 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive And Israel was impoverished greatly from the face of Midian 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the Midianites greatly impoverished the Israelites”
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6:7 j241 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent Now it happened 1 The author is using this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event.
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6:8 j242 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants a man, a prophet 1 The author is using the phrase **a man** to introduce this **prophet** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “a certain prophet”
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6:8 j243 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Thus says Yahweh, the God of Israel: ‘I brought you up from Egypt, and I brought you out from the house of slaves. 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the God of Israel, says that he brought you up from Egypt and that he brought you out from the house of slaves”
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6:8 j244 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I brought you up from Egypt, and I brought you out from the house of slaves 1 Yahweh gave the prophet a poetic message that used repetition for emphasis. To show that this is poetry, you may want to include both phrases in your translation. But it may be clearer in your language to connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I brought you up from Egypt, indeed, I brought you out from the house of slaves”
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6:8 j245 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you [first instance] 1 Yahweh is saying **you** by association to mean “you Israelites.” He did not bring the people whom this prophet is addressing **up from Egypt**, since that happened in an earlier generation. Alternate translation: “you Israelites”
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6:8 h336 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from the house of slaves 1 Yahweh is speaking of Egypt as if it had been a **house** where people kept slaves. Alternate translation: “the country where you were in slavery”
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6:9 ue1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the hand of Egypt and from the hand of all of your oppressors 1 In both instances, the word **hand** represents the power of a person or group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the power of Egypt and from the power of all of your oppressors”
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6:10 j246 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes And I said to you, “I {am} Yahweh your God. You shall not fear the gods of the Amorite, when you {are} dwelling in their land.” But you have not heard my voice. 1 If you began translating this in the previous verse in such a way that there would not be a quotation within a quotation, you can continue to do that here. Alternate translation: “He says that he told you that he was Yahweh your God and that you were not to fear the gods of the Amorite when you were dwelling in their land, but you have not heard his voice.”
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6:10 j247 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit But you have not heard my voice 1 See how you translated the same expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “But you have not obeyed my voice”
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6:10 ne4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy But you have not heard my voice 1 Yahweh is using the term **voice** by association to mean what he used his voice to command them to do. Alternate translation: “But you have not obeyed what I commanded you”
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6:11 sex8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent Now came 1 The author is using the word translated as **Now** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event.
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6:11 j248 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown the angel of Yahweh 1 See how you translated the phrase **the angel of Yahweh** in [2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who looked like an angel”
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6:11 r6sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ophrah 1 The word **Ophrah** is the name of a town, and the word **Abiezrite** describes a person who belonged to the group of descendants of a man named Abiezer.
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6:11 j249 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants And Gideon his son 1 The author is using this phrase to introduce **Gideon** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “And one of his sons, Gideon,”
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6:11 j250 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the face of Midian 1 The author is using the term **face** to mean sight, by association with the way that people can see what is in front of their face. Alternate translation: “from the sight of Midian”
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6:12 j251 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Yahweh {is} with you 1 Verses 14 and 16 identify this **angel** as Yahweh himself. So here Yahweh is actually speaking about himself in the third person. However, Gideon does not yet know that Yahweh is appearing to him in the form of this angel. So it would be appropriate to leave this statement in the third person.
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6:12 j252 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns warrior of valor 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **valor**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “valiant warrior”
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6:13 in9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Excuse me, my lord, but if Yahweh is with us, then why has all of this happened to us? And where {are} all of his wonders that our fathers recounted to us, saying, ‘Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?’ 1 Gideon and the ancestors whom he is quoting are using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “Excuse me, my lord, but if Yahweh is with us, then all of this should not have happened to us! We should be seeing the same kind of wonders that our fathers recounted to us, saying, ‘Yahweh brought us up from Egypt!’”
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6:13 as35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness Excuse me, my lord 1 Gideon is politely asking permission to address a superior and referring to the angel by a respectful title. In your translation, use comparable forms for these purposes in your own language.
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6:13 j253 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive with us & happened to us & to us & Did bring us up 1 In each of these instances, by **us**, the speaker means himself and others in his situation but not the person to whom he is speaking. So use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
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6:13 j254 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor our fathers 1 Gideon is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “our ancestors”
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6:13 j255 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes saying, ‘Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “when they told us how Yahweh brought us up from Egypt”
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6:13 e2k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and given us into the palm of Midian 1 Here the term **palm**, like the term “hand” elsewhere in the book, represents the power of a person or group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and given the Midianites power over us”
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6:14 kx2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the palm of Midian 1 See how you translated the similar expression in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “from the power of Midian”
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6:14 zs9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have I not sent you? 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I am sending you!”
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6:15 w5e8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness Excuse me, my lord 1 See how you translated these same phrases in [6:13](../06/13.md).
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6:15 wn75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion by what shall I save Israel? 1 Gideon seems to be using the question form for emphasis rather than to ask for information, since in the rest of the verse he gives reasons why he cannot do what Yahweh is telling him to do. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “there is no means by which I can save Israel!”
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6:15 gpv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers my thousand 1 Here the term **thousand** probably refers to a smaller division within a tribe rather than to that number of people. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “my clan”
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6:15 gp6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj {is} the weak {one} in Manasseh, and I {am} the young {one} 1 Gideon is using the adjectives **weak** and **young** as a nouns. The ULT shows this by adding the word **one** in each case. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these adjectives with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “is the weakest clan in Manasseh, and I am the youngest son”
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6:16 p1xa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis Because I will be with you 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Yahweh is implicitly answering Gideon’s question in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “You will be able to save Israel because I will be with you”
|
||||
6:16 fhe8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Midian as one man 1 This is a common expression that refers to an entire group gathered together, as the similar uses in [20:1](../20/01.md), [20:8](../20/08.md), [20:11](../20/11.md), and [Nehemiah 8:1](../neh/08/01.md) show. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the entire army of Midian at once”
|
||||
6:17 j256 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom if I have found favor in your eyes 1 Gideon is not using the word **found** to mean that he was intentionally searching for something. He is using it to refer to having something, as if he had found it. Alternate translation: “if in fact I have favor in your eyes”
|
||||
6:17 j257 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns if I have found favor in your eyes 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **favor**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “if in fact you have judged me favorably”
|
||||
6:19 j258 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a kid of goats 1 This is a common expression that describes a young goat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a young goat”
|
||||
6:19 kmz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume and, {from} an ephah of flour 1 If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express this amount in terms of modern measurements. Alternate translation: “and from about 22 liters of flour” or “and from about 20 pounds of flour”
|
||||
6:20 u9cs rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants And the angel of God 1 The phrase **the angel of God** refers to the same person as “the angel of Yahweh.” It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh”
|
||||
6:21 j259 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go and fire came up 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “and fire went up”
|
||||
6:21 j260 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from his eyes 1 The author is using the term **eyes** by association to mean sight. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “out of his sight”
|
||||
6:21 x6iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy saw 1 The author is using the term **saw** by association to mean “recognized.” Alternate translation: “recognized”
|
||||
6:22 j261 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result Alas, my Lord Yahweh, for upon that I have seen the angel of Yahweh face to face! 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Since I have seen the angel of Yahweh face to face, I am afraid that you, Lord Yahweh, are going to punish me”
|
||||
6:22 l2pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations Alas, my Lord Yahweh 1 Gideon is using a word that expresses a strong feeling, fear. The ULT translates this word as **Alas**. There may be an equivalent word or expression in your language that you can use in your translation to convey this strong feeling. If not, you could specify that Gideon said this because he was feeling fear. Alternate translation: “Oh, no, my Lord Yahweh” or “I am afraid, my Lord Yahweh”
|
||||
6:22 c1kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom face to face 1 This is a common expression that describes seeing someone in person. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. (For example, some languages may say something like “nose to nose.”) You could also state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “in person”
|
||||
6:23 b3ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit But Yahweh said to him 1 Since the angel of Yahweh had disappeared from Gideon’s sight, the author seems to mean implicitly that Yahweh spoke to Gideon from heaven. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh spoke to him from heaven and said”
|
||||
6:23 j262 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Peace to you 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **Peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Everything is peaceful between you and me”
|
||||
6:24 s81y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy To this day 1 The author is using the term **day** to refer to a specific time, the time when he was writing the book of Judges. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “At this time”
|
||||
6:24 j263 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Yahweh {is} Peace 1 Even if your language would not ordinarily use an abstract noun for the idea of **Peace**, you may be able to use that word in the name of this altar. If not, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Yahweh Makes Us Peaceful”
|
||||
6:25 j264 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent And it happened 1 The author is using this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event.
|
||||
6:25 j265 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the bullock of an ox 1 This is a common expression that describes a young ox. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the comparable expression “a kid of goats” in [6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “the young ox”
|
||||
6:25 j266 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal and the second bullock, seven years {old} 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “and his other bullock, the one that is seven years old”
|
||||
6:26 tj4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit on the head of this stronghold 1 Yahweh assumes that Gideon will understand that by **the head of this stronghold**, he is referring to the top of a rocky cliff in the town of Ophrah. The people of the town could go there for safety from the Midianites, and since it was a high place, it was also where Gideon’s father had built an altar. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “on the high place near this town”
|
||||
6:26 gvr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the arrangement 1 This phrase probably refers to Yahweh’s command to the Israelites in [Exodus 20:25](../20/25.md) to use only natural stones if they built a stone altar to him. That is, they were not to use any stones that had been cut or shaped with tools. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “in the proper arrangement” or “using only natural stones, as I have commanded”
|
||||
6:26 j267 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction Then you shall take the second bull and you shall offer an offering 1 As the previous verse describes, this **second bull** was seven years old, and as [6:1](../06/01.md) describes, God had punished the Israelites for their unfaithfulness and disobedience by allowing the Midianites to oppress them for seven years. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “Then you shall take the seven-year-old bull and you shall offer an offering for the sins of the Israelites”
|
||||
6:26 j268 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy on the wood of the Asherah 1 Yahweh is using the term **wood** by association to mean a fire that Gideon would build using this wood as fuel. Alternate translation: “on a fire that you shall build from the wood of the Asherah”
|
||||
6:27 j269 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of his father 1 The author is using the term **house** by association to mean a group of people who were living together, not necessarily all in the same building. Gideon’s **father** was the head of this household, which probably included family members in several generations and servants. Alternate translation: “the people in his extended family”
|
||||
6:27 j270 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations and the men of the city 1 Here the masculine term **men** has a generic sense that includes both men and women. While the males in the city were the most likely to attack Gideon for tearing down the altar of Baal, he probably feared any person—man or woman, adult or child—who would recognize him and identify him as the person who had done that. Alternate translation: “and the people of the city”
|
||||
6:28 j271 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And the men of the city arose early in the morning, and behold 1 The author is not saying that the **men of the city** got up earlier than usual because of what Gideon had done. The expression **arose early** can refer, in context such as this one, to the first thing that happens at the start of a day . If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “As soon as the men of the city got up in the morning, they noticed that”
|
||||
6:28 i5zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive and behold, the altar of Baal was torn down, and the Asherah that {was} beside it was cut down, and the second bullock had been offered on the built altar 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express these ideas with active forms or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and they saw that someone had torn down the altar of Baal, cut down the Asherah that was beside it, and built an altar and offered the second bullock on it ”
|
||||
6:29 j272 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And they said, a man to his fellow 1 This is a common expression that means that the people of the city were asking each other the question that follows. No particular relationship is in view between a **man** and his **fellow** man. The expression just means that one person asked another. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Each person was asking other people”
|
||||
6:29 j273 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet And they searched and sought, and they said, 1 The terms **searched** and **sought** mean similar things. The author is using the two terms together for emphasis, probably to mean that it took some time to find out who was responsible. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “They had to search for some time, but finally they discovered”
|
||||
6:30 j274 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result Bring out your son, that he may die, because he tore down the altar of Baal and because he cut down the Asherah that {was} beside it 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because your son tore down the altar of Baal and cut down the Asherah that was beside it, he deserves to die, so bring him out to us”
|
||||
6:30 r7h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit that he may die 1 The men of the city mean implicitly that they want Joash to surrender Gideon to them so that they can execute him as a punishment. They do not mean that Gideon would die as a result of Joash bringing him out. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “so that we can execute him”
|
||||
6:31 j275 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who stood against him 1 This is a common expression that describes these people oppposing Joash in an argument. The emphasis is not on their body position, although they likely were standing around his house. The idea is that they wanted Joash to bring Gideon out to them, but he refused, so they were in opposition **against** each other. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who were arguing with him”
|
||||
6:31 jw4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you contend for Baal? Or will you save him? 1 Joash is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “You should not have to contend for Baal! You should not have to help him!”
|
||||
6:31 j276 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Whoever contends for him, may he die 1 Joash is saying implicitly that anyone who thinks he needs to act to defend Baal’s honor is suggesting that Baal is not powerful enough to defend his own honor, and that is being just as disrespectful to Baal as the person who tore down his altar. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Whoever contends for him is being just as disrespectful, and he is the one who deserves to die”
|
||||
6:31 j277 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis still morning 1 Joash is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “while it is still morning”
|
||||
6:32 j4wi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jerubbaal 1 The word **Jerubbaal** is another name by which Gideon became known. It means “may Baal contend.”
|
||||
6:32 q44c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks saying, “May Baal contend against him, since he tore down his altar.” 1 It is unclear how many of the words that follow **saying** were spoken by the people who gave Gideon the name **Jerubbaal** and how many are an explanation by the author of why the people gave him this name. The people could have spoken: (1) all of the words that are within quotation marks in the ULT. This would be a repetition of what Joash said at the end of the previous verse. (2) only the first phrase that is within quotation marks in the ULT. This would explain the meaning of the name Jerubbaal. The rest would be an explanation by the author. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘May Baal contend against him,’ since he tore down his altar”
|
||||
6:33 ual5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent Now all of Midian and Amalek and the sons of the east assembled themselves together 1 The author is introducing a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event.
|
||||
6:33 eu5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and they crossed over 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he means that these enemy forces **crossed over** the Jordan River into Israel. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “text”
|
||||
6:34 d9eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Then the Spirit of Yahweh clothed himself with Gideon 1 The author is speaking as if the **Spirit of Yahweh** literally **clothed himself** with Gideon, that is, put on Gideon as if he had been a garment. He means that the Spirit of Yahweh gave Gideon strength and guidance, as if Gideon had the Spirit right inside himself doing that. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. You could also state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then the Spirit of Yahweh filled Gideon” or “Then the Spirit of Yahweh made Gideon strong and confident”
|
||||
6:35 sy9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification him 1 The author is using the pronoun **him** to speak of the tribe of **Manasseh** as if it were an individual person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the soldiers from that tribe”
|
||||
6:35 j278 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go and they went up to meet them 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “and they came up to meet them”
|
||||
6:35 qb25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns and they went up to meet them 1 The pronoun **they** refers to the soldiers from the tribes of **Asher**, **Zebulun**, and **Naphtali** who responded to the summons from Gideon. The pronoun **them** could refer to: (1) Gideon and the soldiers from Manasseh whom he was commanding. This would suit the sense of the verb **went up**. As [7:9](../07/09.md) indicates, Gideon was staying on some high ground above the battlefield. Alternate translation: “and soldiers from those tribes went up to meet Gideon and the soldiers from Manasseh whom he was commanding” (2) the enemy armies. Alternate translation: “and soldiers from those tribes joined in the fight against the Midianites and their allies”
|
||||
6:36 j279 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche If you are saving Israel by my hand 1 Gideon is using one part of himself, his **hand**, to represent all of himself in the act of **saving Israel**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “If you are indeed using me to save Israel”
|
||||
6:37 uf1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown a fleece of wool 1 A **fleece of wool** is a large piece of skin from a sheep that still has the wool (the thick, warm hair of the sheep) attached. In this culture, a fleece could be used as a blanket or to make a garment. If your readers would not be familiar with what a fleece is, in your translation you could use the name of a similar thing that your readers would recognize, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a sheepskin” or “an animal skin with the hair still on it”
|
||||
6:37 s8ri rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns but on all of the ground {is} dryness 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **dryness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “but all around it the ground stays dry”
|
||||
6:38 j280 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he arose early on the next day 1 While the expression **arose early** can refer to the first thing a person does at the start of a day, in this context it seems to have a more literal meaning. The author seems to be saying that Gideon got up as soon as it was light enough for him to see clearly whether the fleece was wet. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Gideon got up as soon as it was light”
|
||||
6:38 ub6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and wrung dew from the fleece, the fulness of a bowl {of} water 1 The author is leaving some information implicit that he assumes readers will understand. While the fleece was soaked with dew, the ground all around it remained dry. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. The UST models one way to do this.
|
||||
6:39 j281 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit only this time. May I please test only this time 1 Since Gideon has already done a test with the fleece once, by **only this time** he means, in both instances, “just one more time.” You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “just one more time … just one more time”
|
||||
6:39 j282 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns may dryness be on the fleece alone 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **dryness**, you could express the same idea in another way. See how you translated the similar expression in [6:37](../06/37.md). Alternate translation: “may only the fleece be dry”
|
||||
6:40 j283 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns For dryness was on the fleece alone 1 See how you translated the similar expression in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “For only the fleece was dry”
|
||||
7:intro q545 0 # Judges 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe account of Gideon continues in this chapter.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### God gets all of the credit\n\nGod said, “There are too many soldiers for me to give you victory over the Midianites. Make sure that Israel will not boast against me, saying, ‘Our own power has saved us.’” By lowering the number of fighting soldiers, it emphasizes that the victory is achieved through God’s power. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
|
||||
7:1 u963 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
|
||||
7:1 se4n they encamped 0 Alternate translation: “they set up their camp”
|
||||
7:1 q9lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names spring of Harod … hill of Moreh 0 These are the names of places.
|
||||
7:1 w8xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The camp of Midian was to their north 0 Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. Alternate translation: “The Midianite army set up their camp to the north of the Israelite army”
|
||||
7:2 ja78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns for me to give you victory over the Midianites 0 The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “for me to allow you to defeat the Midianites” or “for me to cause you to be victorious over the Midianites”
|
||||
7:2 ww36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Our own power has saved us 0 Here “power” represents the people themselves. Alternate translation: “We have saved ourselves without God’s help”
|
||||
7:3 i31q Now 0 This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
|
||||
7:3 ahw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche proclaim in the ears of the people 0 Here “the ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “proclaim to the people”
|
||||
7:3 gt6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Whoever is afraid, whoever trembles 0 Both of these phrases have the same meaning.
|
||||
7:3 h7mv trembles 0 This word describes fear that causes a person to uncontrollably shake. Alternate translation: “shakes with fear”
|
||||
7:3 m53a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit let him return 0 You can make explicit where he will go. Alternate translation: “let him return to his home”
|
||||
7:3 iup9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Gilead 0 This is the name of a mountain in the region of Gilead.
|
||||
7:3 s1sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-two thousand 0 “22,000”
|
||||
7:3 wn6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ten thousand remained 0 The word “people” or “men” is understood. Alternate translation: “10,000 people remained” or “10,000 men remained”
|
||||
7:3 z1zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ten thousand 0 “10,000”
|
||||
7:4 t9yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will make their number smaller for you there 0 Here “number” represents the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “there, I will show you who to send home so the army will have less men” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
7:5 iem1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go Gideon brought 0 The word “brought” can be translated as “took” or “led.”
|
||||
7:5 w69s laps 0 to drink by licking with the tongue
|
||||
7:6 ae7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers Three hundred men 0 “300 men”
|
||||
7:7 e8uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three hundred men 0 “300 men”
|
||||
7:7 gk97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you I will rescue you and give you victory 0 Here “you” is plural and refers to Gideon and the Israelites.
|
||||
7:8 j7gy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive So those who were chosen 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So those whom Yahweh chose”
|
||||
7:8 u2nh took their supplies and their trumpets 0 Here “their” refers to the Israelite soldiers who were leaving the army.
|
||||
7:8 cx8b Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
|
||||
7:9 u84q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Attack the camp, for I am going to give you victory over it 0 Here “camp” refers to the whole Midianite army. The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to help you defeat them” or “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to cause you to be victorious over them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
7:10 xqh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis afraid to go down 0 You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “afraid to go down to attack”
|
||||
7:10 u4w3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Purah 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||||
7:11 j99j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your courage will be strengthened 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what you hear will be encourage you”
|
||||
7:12 r5ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as thick as a cloud of locusts 0 Here “cloud” means a swarm. The author speaks of the army as if it were a swarm of locusts to emphasize how many soldiers there were.
|
||||
7:12 zt6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole Their camels were more … in number than the grains of the sand on the seashore 0 The author uses a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that there were very many camels.
|
||||
7:12 d37k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Their camels were more than could be counted 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their camels were more than anyone could count”
|
||||
7:14 yg52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon 0 Here “the sword of Gideon” refers to Gideon’s army attacking. Alternate translation: “The loaf of barley bread in your dream must be the army of Gideon”
|
||||
7:14 v4e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture God has given him victory over Midian 0 This future event is spoken of as if it were a past event. This emphasizes that it will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “God will certainly help the Israelites defeat the Midianites”
|
||||
7:16 xjf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three hundred men 0 “300 men”
|
||||
7:19 cxa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers hundred men 0 “100 men”
|
||||
7:19 wba7 right at the beginning of the middle watch 0 The beginning of the middle watch would be around 10 o’clock at night.
|
||||
7:20 zfw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon 0 Here “sword” refers to their fighting. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon”
|
||||
7:22 nw1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three hundred trumpets 0 “300 trumpets”
|
||||
7:22 nk36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh set every Midianite man’s sword against his comrades 0 Here “sword” refers to their attack with the use of the sword. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused every Midianite man to fight against his fellow soldiers”
|
||||
7:22 rv5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Shittah … Zererah … Abel Meholah … Tabbath 0 These are the names of towns and cities.
|
||||
7:23 u5e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The men of Israel from Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh were called out 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Gideon called out the Israelites from the tribes of Naphtali, Asher, and all Mannasseh”
|
||||
7:24 js9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Barah 0 This is the name of a town.
|
||||
7:24 u7ze took control of the waters, as far as Beth Barah and the Jordan River 0 Alternate translation: “took control of the area of the Jordan River as far south as Beth Barah”
|
||||
7:25 hn84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit at the rock of Oreb … at the winepress of Zeeb 0 The places were given these names after the Israelites killed Oreb and Zeeb there.
|
||||
7:25 rvj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Oreb … Zeeb 0 These are names of men.
|
||||
7:1 q9lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Harod & Moreh 1 The word **Harod** is the name of a spring. It means “trembling,” and it probably got this name because, as [7:3](../07/03.md) describes, all the soldiers who were “afraid and trembling” were dismissed from Gideon’s army there. The word **Moreh** is the name of a hill.
|
||||
7:2 ja78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for my giving Midian into their hand 1 Here Yahweh is using the term **hand** in the sense of possession. The image is of someone holding something in his hand. That is, when Yahweh speaks of **giving Midian into** the **hand** of the Israelites, the idea is that the Israelites will conquer the Midianites, who will then become subject to them. Alternate translation: “for me to enable them to conquer the Midianites”
|
||||
7:2 j284 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns into their hand 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, since a group of people is in view here and in similar instances, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **hand**. Alternate translation: “into their hands”
|
||||
7:2 ww36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My hand has saved me 1 Here Yahweh is using the term **hand** more in the sense of power. The image is of someone doing something with his hand. That is, if the Israelites claimed that their **hand** had **saved** them, they would be saying that they had saved themselves by their own power. Alternate translation: “We Israelites have saved ourselves by our own power”
|
||||
7:3 j285 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes proclaim in the ears of the people, saying, ‘Whoever {is} afraid and trembling, may he turn back and depart from Mount Gilead.’” 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “proclaim in the ears of the people that anyone who is afraid or trembling may turn back and depart from Mount Gilead”
|
||||
7:3 ahw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche in the ears of the people 1 Yahweh is using one part of Gideon’s soldiers, their **ears**, to mean all of them in the act of hearing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “loudly so that the people can hear”
|
||||
7:3 gt6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 1 The terms **afraid** and **trembling** mean similar things. Yahweh wants Gideon to use the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “trembling with fear” or “very afraid”
|
||||
7:3 iup9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names from Mount Gilead 1 See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter for a suggestion of how to translate this name in this context.
|
||||
7:3 wn6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive were left 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “remained”
|
||||
7:4 j286 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns and I will refine it for you there 1 The pronoun **it** refers back to **the people** earlier in the verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and I will refine the people for you”
|
||||
7:4 t9yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and I will refine it for you 1 Yahweh is speaking as if he were literally going to **refine** Gideon’s troops, as if they were a precious metal such as silver or gold and he was going to melt them with heat to remove their impurities. He means that he is going to enable Gideon to identify the best soldiers and keep only them in his army. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I will enable you to identify the best soldiers”
|
||||
7:4 j287 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes And it will be, {of} whom I say to you, ‘This {one} shall go with you,’ he shall go with you, but all {of} whom I say to you, ‘This one shall not go with you,’ he shall not go.” 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “And when I tell you that a certain kind of soldier is to go with you, then you must bring that kind of soldier with you, but you must not bring any other kind of soldier with you that I say is not to go with you”
|
||||
7:5 iem1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go So he brought 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “took” instead of **brought**. Alternate translation: “So he took”
|
||||
7:5 w69s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and anyone who kneels upon his knees to drink 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and you shall put in a different group anyone who kneels upon his knees to drink”
|
||||
7:5 j288 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo and anyone who kneels upon his knees 1 It might seem that the expression **kneels upon his knees** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “and anyone who kneels down”
|
||||
7:6 j289 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns with their hand to their mouth 1 Since the author is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural forms of **hand** and **mouth**. Alternate translation: “with their hands to their mouths”
|
||||
7:6 j290 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns knelt upon their knees 1 See how you translated the similar expression in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “knelt down”
|
||||
7:7 j291 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events I will save you and I will give Midian into your hand 1 Since Yahweh was going to **give Midian** into Gideon’s **hand** (that is, give Gideon the power to conquer Midian) in order to **save** the Israelites, in your translation you may wish to relate these events in the order in which they were going to happen. Alternate translation: “I will give Midian into your hand and save you”
|
||||
7:7 gk97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular I will save you 1 The word **you** is plural here. Yahweh is speaking to Gideon as representative of all the Israelites. So use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. Other languages may have different ways of clarifying the meaning. Alternate translation: “I will save you Israelites”
|
||||
7:7 j292 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit But all the people may go 1 Yahweh assumes that when he says **all the people**, Gideon will understand that he means “all the other people,” that is, the soldiers who did not lap the water from their hands. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “But all the soldiers who did not lap the water may go”
|
||||
7:8 j293 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns into their hand 1 See how you translated the same expression in [7:6](../07/06.md). Alternate translation: “into their hands”
|
||||
7:8 u2nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns and their shofars 1 The pronoun **their** refers to the soldiers who were leaving the army. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and the shofars that the other soldiers had brought”
|
||||
7:8 j294 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit but every man of Israel 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that by **every man of Israel** he means the soldiers who had not lapped the water from their hands. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “but the soldiers who had not lapped the water from their hands”
|
||||
7:8 j295 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent Now the camp of Midian was to him from below, in the valley 1 The author is using this sentence to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event.
|
||||
7:9 j296 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Arise 1 Yahweh is using the expression **Arise** to tell Gideon to take action and lead his army down into the valley to attack the Midianites. Gideon probably was lying in bed when Yahweh spoke to him **that night**, but the meaning of the term **Arise** is not simply that Gideon should get out of bed. See how you translated the same expression in [4:14](../04/14.md). Alternate translation: “Get going”
|
||||
7:9 u84q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Go down into the camp, for I have given it into your hand 1 Yahweh is using the term **camp** by association to mean the Midianite army in its camp. Alternate translation: “Go down and attack the Midianite army where it is encamped, for I have given you the power to defeat it”
|
||||
7:9 j297 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture I have given it into your hand 1 Yahweh is using the past tense to describe something that is going to happen in the future. He is doing this to show that the event will certainly happen. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use the future tense in your translation and express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “I will certainly give it into your hand”
|
||||
7:10 u4w3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Purah 1 The word **Purah** is the name of a man.
|
||||
7:11 j99j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your hands will be strong 1 Yahweh is using one part of Gideon, his **hands**, to mean all of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will feel courageous”
|
||||
7:11 j298 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive to the edge of the armed {ones} who {were} in the camp 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The emphasis here may be on the fact that these men were **armed**, that is, they were holding weapons, because they were sentries guarding the camp. Alternate translation: “to the edge of the camp, where the guards were”
|
||||
7:12 r5ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like the locust in multitude 1 The point of this comparison is that just as a **locust** swarm is very great **in multitude**, that is, extremely numerous, so this combined army had a very great number of soldiers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “in huge numbers, such as in a swarm of locusts”
|
||||
7:12 zt6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole And to their camels there was not a number 1 The author is making an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “And they had so many camels that one could hardly count them”
|
||||
7:12 j299 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like the sand that {is} along the edge of the sea in multitude 1 The point of this comparison is that just as **the grains of sand on the seashore** are very numerous, so this combined army had a very great number of camels. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “There was a huge number of them, as there is a huge number of grains of sand along the edge of the sea”
|
||||
7:13 j300 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo I dreamed a dream 1 It might seem that the expression **I dreamed a dream** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “I had a dream”
|
||||
7:14 j301 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys answered and said 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **answered** tells why the neighbor **said** this. Alternate translation: “said in response” or “responded”
|
||||
7:14 j302 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives This {is} nothing except if {it is} the sword of Gideon 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as a positive expression. Alternate translation: “This can only be the sword of Gideon”
|
||||
7:14 j303 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns This {is} nothing except if {it is} the sword of Gideon 1 The pronoun **this** refers to the loaf of barley bread in the dream. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “The loaf of barley bread in your dream can only represent the sword of Gideon”
|
||||
7:14 yg52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword of Gideon 1 The neighbor is using the expression **the sword of Gideon** to mean the army of Gideon, by association with the way that his army would use swords as weapons. Alternate translation: “the army of Gideon”
|
||||
7:14 j304 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Gideon, the son of Joash, the man of Israel 1 See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter for an explanation of why the neighbor says that the loaf of barley bread must represent Gideon. Alternate translation: “that poor Israelite farmer, Gideon the son of Joash”
|
||||
7:15 j305 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit that he bowed down 1 The author means implicitly that Gideon **bowed down** to worship God in thanks for the victory that he realized the Israelites were going to win. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “that he bowed down in worship”
|
||||
7:15 j306 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche And he returned 1 The author is referring only to Gideon, but he means that both Gideon and Purah **returned** to the Israelite camp. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And he and Purah returned”
|
||||
7:15 j307 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result Arise, for Yahweh has given the camp of Midian into your hand 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given the camp of Midian into your hand, so arise”
|
||||
7:15 j308 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Arise 1 Even though Gideon’s men were probably lying in bed, here the term **Arise** means the same thing that it did in [7:9](../07/09.md). See how you translated it there. Alternate translation: “Let’s get going!”
|
||||
7:15 j309 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular The implied “you” in the imperative **Arise** and the pronoun **your** are plural here because Gideon is addressing all of the soldiers in his army, so use plural forms in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 1
|
||||
7:18 j310 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes And you shall say, ‘For Yahweh and for Gideon!’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “And you shall shout that you are fighting for Yahweh and for Gideon”
|
||||
7:18 j311 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis For Yahweh and for Gideon 1 Gideon is telling his soldiers to shout something that is not a complete sentence. It is a war cry, and so it is not supposed to be lengthy, and it does not have to be grammatically complete. You may wish to retain it as a brief incomplete sentence in your translation. See the translation suggestion for verse 20, where there is a slightly longer version of this war cry.
|
||||
7:19 j312 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication Stationing, they had just stationed the guards 1 The author is repeating the verb “station” in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “The new guards were just coming on duty”
|
||||
7:19 j323 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns they had just stationed the guards, and they blew on the shofars 1 The first instance of the pronoun **they** refers to the Midianites, while the second instance refers to Gideon and his men. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the Midianites had just stationed the guards, and Gideon and his men blew on the shofars”
|
||||
7:20 zfw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy A sword for Yahweh and for Gideon 1 The soldiers are using the term **sword** by association to mean “army,” since they are an army that uses swords to fight. Alternate translation: “The army of Yahweh and of Gideon”
|
||||
7:20 j314 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the camp 1 The author is using the word **camp** by association to mean the soldiers in the camp. Alternate translation: “the soldiers in the camp”
|
||||
7:22 j315 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification and Yahweh set the sword of a man against his neighbor 1 The author is speaking of a **sword** as if it were a living thing that Yahweh could have **set** against a person, that is, caused to attack a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. The UST models one way to do this.
|
||||
7:22 j316 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the camp. And the camp 1 In both of these instances, the author is using the word **camp** by association to mean the soldiers in the camp. Alternate translation: “the other soldiers in the camp. And the soldiers”
|
||||
7:22 rv5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Shittah & Zererah & Abel Meholah & Tabbath 1 The terms **Beth Shittah**, **Zererah**, **Abel Meholah**, and **Tabbath** are the names of towns.
|
||||
7:23 u5e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Then a man of Israel from Naphtali and from Asher and from all of Manasseh was summoned 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Gideon summoned the men of Israel from Naphtali and from Asher and from all of Manasseh”
|
||||
7:23 j317 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns Then a man of Israel & was summoned 1 The author is using the term **man** in a collective sense. It may be more natural in your language to use the plural form of the word and a plural verb. Alternate translation: “Then the men of Israel … were summoned”
|
||||
7:24 j318 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go Come down 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “Go” instead of **Come**. Alternate translation: “Go down”
|
||||
7:24 u7ze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the waters unto Beth Barah and the Jordan 1 The messengers are using the word **waters** by association to mean the shallow places where people can cross rivers and streams. Your language may have a term for such places. Alternate translation: “the fords of the streams in the area of Beth Barah and the fords of the Jordan”
|
||||
7:24 js9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Barah 1 The term **Beth Barah** is the name of a town.
|
||||
7:24 j319 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive So every man of Ephraim was summoned 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So the messengers summoned all of the men of Ephraim”
|
||||
7:24 j320 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So every man of Ephraim was summoned 1 The author means implicitly that the messengers summoned **every man** who was able to fight as a solider. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “So the messengers summoned all the fighting men of Ephraim”
|
||||
7:25 rvj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Oreb & Zeeb 1 The words **Oreb** and **Zeeb** are the names of men.
|
||||
7:25 hn84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the rock of Oreb & the winepress of Zeeb 1 The expressions **the rock of Oreb** and **the winepress of Zeeb** are the names of places. Some languages may present these names as titles. Alternate translation: “the Rock of Zeeb … the Winepress of Oreb”
|
||||
7:25 j321 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns the head of Oreb and Zeeb 1 Since the author is referring to two people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **head**. Alternate translation: “the heads of Oreb and Zeeb”
|
||||
7:25 j322 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to Gideon, from across the Jordan 1 This could mean: (1) that the soldiers from Ephraim pursued the fleeing Midianite soldiers across the Jordan River, bringing the heads of Oreb and Zeeb with them, and when they met Gideon on the east side of the river, they presented the heads to him. This would mean that [8:4](../08/04.md) is resuming the story after this episode. Alternate translation: “to Gideon after he crossed the Jordan” (2) that the soldiers from Ephraim pursued the fleeing Midianite soldiers across the Jordan River, found and killed Oreb and Zeeb on the east side of the river, and then brought their heads back to Gideon on the west side of the river. This would mean that the phrase **they chased after Midian** is a summary of what happened in the first part of the verse. Alternate translation: “back across the river to Gideon”
|
||||
8:intro zh95 0 # Judges 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe account of Gideon concludes in this chapter.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Succoth’s refusal to help Gideon\nThe men of Succoth feared the Midianites more than Gideon. This is why they refused to help Gideon. By allying themselves with the Midianites, they aligned themselves against Yahweh. Because of this, Gideon treated them like he treated the Midianites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Gideon refuses to be king\n\nGideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, neither will my son rule over you. Yahweh will rule over you.” Although the book of Deuteronomy anticipates a king in Israel, it was sinful for Israel to desire to have a king. He did though take a share of everyone’s plunder as a king would have done through taxes. This may serve as a warning to Israel about their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
|
||||
8:1 sea3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is this you have done to us? 0 The people of the tribe of Ephraim were rebuking Gideon with this rhetorical question for not including them in his army. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not treated us fairly.”
|
||||
8:1 f8fy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy against Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army.
|
||||
8:1 whc1 they had a violent argument with him 0 “they argued angrily with him” or “they rebuked him severely”
|
||||
8:2 xg1a 0 # General Information:\n\nGideon replies to the men from Ephraim.
|
||||
8:2 wpi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What have I done now compared to you? 0 Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “I have done very little compared with what you have done!”
|
||||
8:2 xg8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? 0 Gideon was calming the people of Ephraim with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “Certainly the grapes you people of Ephraim gleaned are better than what we the descendants of Abiezer gathered from the whole harvest!”
|
||||
8:2 i6yr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? 0 Gideon and his army defeating the Medianites is spoken of as if it were a grape harvest. The people of Ephraim killing Oreb and Zeeb at the end of the battle is spoken of as if they were gleaning grapes at the end of the harvest. Alternate translation: “What you people of Ephraim did at the end of the battle is more important than what we descendants of Abiezer did at the beginning.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
8:2 rr59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Abiezer 0 This is the name of one of Gideon’s ancestors. Gideon used his name to refer to Abiezer’s descendants and their land. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||||
8:3 x1xa Oreb and Zeeb 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 7:25](../07/25.md).
|
||||
8:3 bi55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What have I accomplished compared to you? 0 Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have done is more important than what I have done.”
|
||||
8:3 riv2 died down 0 Alternate translation: “became less”
|
||||
8:4 f6yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers the three hundred men 0 “the 300 men”
|
||||
8:4 s9yv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns kept up the pursuit 0 The word “pursuit,” an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “continued to chase their enemies”
|
||||
8:5 zt2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zebah and Zalmunna 0 These are the names of men.
|
||||
8:6 l71p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand? 0 The leaders use a question to emphasize that the Israelites have not yet captured Zebah and Zalumnna. Alternate translation: “You have not captured Zebah and Zalmunna yet.”
|
||||
8:6 aw3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna 0 Here “hands” refer to the whole body.
|
||||
8:6 bn4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy now in your hand 0 Here “hand” represents power or control.
|
||||
8:6 k3em rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should we give bread to your army? 0 The leaders use a question to emphasize that they have no reason to give bread to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “We see no reason to give bread to your army.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
8:7 gwp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will tear your skin with the desert thorns and briers 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will make whips out of desert thorns and briers and use them to beat you and cut you”
|
||||
8:7 j77m thorns and briers 0 sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals
|
||||
8:8 bi3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche He went up from there 0 Here “He” refers to Gideon. Gideon represents himself and the soldiers following him. Alternate translation: “They left there” or “Gideon and his 300 men left there”
|
||||
8:8 ikw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Peniel 0 The name of a place.
|
||||
8:8 ak91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis spoke to the people there in the same way 0 You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “asked for food there in the same way” or “he also asked them for food”
|
||||
8:9 y4qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism When I come again in peace 0 This is a polite way of referring to the defeat of his enemies. Alternate translation: “After I have completely defeated the Midian army”
|
||||
8:9 nth4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I will pull down this tower 0 Here “I” refers to Gideon and represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “My men and I will pull down this tower”
|
||||
8:10 nfu6 Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
|
||||
8:10 tli8 Zebah and Zalmunna 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
|
||||
8:10 vw38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Karkor 0 This is the name of a city.
|
||||
8:10 bh2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers fifteen thousand men 0 “15,000 men”
|
||||
8:10 p2iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism had fallen 0 This is a polite way of referring to people who died in battle. Alternate translation: “had been killed” or “had died in battle”
|
||||
8:10 j3dk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 120,000 men 0 “one hundred thousand men”
|
||||
8:10 mz6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy men who drew the sword 0 Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. This could mean: (1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or (2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers”
|
||||
8:11 t81p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Gideon went up 0 Here “Gideon” represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers went up”
|
||||
8:11 y551 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche He defeated 0 Here “He” refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers defeated”
|
||||
8:11 jbu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nobah and Jogbehah 0 These are names of towns.
|
||||
8:12 dmu9 Zebah and Zalmunna 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
|
||||
8:13 w2l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the pass of Heres 0 This is the name of a road that passes between two mountains.
|
||||
8:14 a6z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit questioned him 0 It can be stated explicitly what Gideon asked the young man. Alternate translation: “he asked him to identify all the names of the leaders in the town”
|
||||
8:14 l2rr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy-seven officials 0 “77 officials”
|
||||
8:15 buj3 Zebah and Zalmunna 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
|
||||
8:15 bnf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you already conquered Zebah and Zalmunna? 0 Gideon quotes the people of Succoth as using a question to mock him. Alternate translation: “You have not yet conquered Zebah and Zalmunna.”
|
||||
8:16 ct8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Gideon took … he punished 0 Here “Gideon” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers took … they punished”
|
||||
8:16 vr3e thorns and briers 0 These are sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals. See how you translated this in [Judges 8:7](../08/07.md).
|
||||
8:17 dbh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he pulled 0 Gideon and his soldiers pulled. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers pulled”
|
||||
8:17 jg81 Peniel 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 8:8](../08/08.md).
|
||||
8:18 lav2 Zebah and Zalmunna 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
|
||||
8:18 gw8k Tabor 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
|
||||
8:18 q1pd As you are, so were they 0 Alternate translation: “They were just like you”
|
||||
8:19 jb1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom As Yahweh lives 0 This idiom is a religious oath used for emphasis that what he is about to say is true. Alternate translation: “I promise you that”
|
||||
8:20 xg9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jether 0 This is the name of Gideon’s son.
|
||||
8:21 eu98 ornaments 0 decorations
|
||||
8:22 n3hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the hand of Midian 0 Here “hand” represents the power of Midian over Israel. Alternate translation: “from the power of Midian” or “from Midian”
|
||||
8:22 zz2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy of Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites”
|
||||
8:24 va81 Gideon said to them 0 Alternate translation: “Gideon said to the men of Israel”
|
||||
8:24 qb9s earrings 0 jewelry worn on the ear
|
||||
8:24 e5zj plunder 0 things stolen by force or taken off of people killed in war
|
||||
8:24 c2b3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background The Midianites had golden earrings because they were Ishmaelites 0 Here the narrator tells background information about the Midianites.
|
||||
8:25 ark2 cloak 0 clothing made from a large piece of fabric and worn over the shoulders as a coat
|
||||
8:26 z8qb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 1,700 shekels of gold 0 “one thousand seven hundred shekels of gold.” If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “18.7 kilograms of gold” or “about 20 kilograms of gold” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
|
||||
8:26 w5mz crescent ornaments 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 8:21](../08/21.md).
|
||||
8:26 rc47 pendants 0 pieces of jewelry that hang at the end of the chains or cords of necklaces
|
||||
8:26 z7ld rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that was worn by the kings of Midian 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the kings of Midian wore”
|
||||
8:27 awh9 Gideon made an ephod out of the earrings 0 Alternate translation: “Gideon used the gold from the earrings to make an ephod”
|
||||
8:27 tir6 Ophrah 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
|
||||
8:27 tyw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it there 0 This speaks of worshiping a false god as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “the Israelites sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the ephod there”
|
||||
8:27 j6ye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all Israel 0 Here “all” is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many worshiped the garment. Alternate translation: “very many people in Israel worshiped the garment”
|
||||
8:27 bbx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor It became a trap for Gideon and for those in his house 0 This speaks of Gideon and his family being tempted to worship the ephod as if the ephod were a hunter’s snare that would trap them. Alternate translation: “It became a temptation for Gideon and his family” or “Gideon and his family sinned by worshiping it”
|
||||
8:27 i29y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for those in his house 0 Here “his house” represents Gideon’s family. Alternate translation: “for his family”
|
||||
8:28 wui8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive So Midian was subdued before the people of Israel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh subdued the Midianites before the people of Israel” or “So Yahweh helped the Israelites defeat the Midianites”
|
||||
8:28 u2ar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they did not raise their heads up again 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they did not attack Israel again”
|
||||
8:28 un4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy So the land had peace 0 Here “land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites lived peacefully”
|
||||
8:28 mw8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty years 0 “40 years”
|
||||
8:28 z3zj in the days of Gideon 0 Alternate translation: “during the life of Gideon”
|
||||
8:29 z3sb Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
|
||||
8:30 m14n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy sons 0 “70 sons”
|
||||
8:32 i3jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a good old age 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when he was very old”
|
||||
8:32 w8yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive was buried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him”
|
||||
8:32 aen4 Ophrah 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
|
||||
8:32 pc1f the clan of Abiezer 0 Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
|
||||
8:33 be44 It came about 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
|
||||
8:33 l1r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turned again 0 The people rejecting Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically turned away from him. Alternate translation: “they stopped worshiping Yahwheh”
|
||||
8:33 gh13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor prostituted themselves by worshiping the Baals 0 This speaks of worshiping false gods as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “they sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the Baals”
|
||||
8:33 ce8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Baal-Berith 0 This is the name of a false god.
|
||||
8:34 k1h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the hand of all their enemies 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of all their enemies” or “from all their enemies”
|
||||
8:34 lqk5 on every side 0 Alternate translation: “who surrounded them”
|
||||
8:35 svf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Jerub Baal 0 Here “the house of” represents a person’s family. Alternate translation: “the family of Jerub Baal”
|
||||
8:35 w3k3 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
|
||||
8:1 sea3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you acted toward us like this? When you went out to fight against the army of Midian, why did you not call us to help you? 1 The soldiers from Ephraim are using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not have acted toward us like this! When you went out to fight against the army of Midian, you should have called us to help you!”
|
||||
8:1 whc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in strength 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **strength**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “vehemently”
|
||||
8:2 wpi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What have I now done like you? {Are} not the gleanings of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abiezer? 1 Gideon is using the question form in order to make a point without being confrontational. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations, particularly if they would not be regarded as confrontational in your culture. Alternate translation: “What I have done is not like what you have done! The gleanings of Ephraim are better than the vintage of Abiezer!”
|
||||
8:2 i6yr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor {Are} not the gleanings of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abiezer? 1 Gideon is speaking as if he had literally harvested a crop of grapes and the soldiers from Ephraim had come along after him and collected the few grapes that he had left on the vines. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. (You could also express this as a comparison, as the UST does.) Alternate translation: “The specific thing that you did at the end of the battle was more important than what I and my soldiers did during the battle”
|
||||
8:2 j323 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy than the vintage of Abiezer 1 Gideon is using the name of his clan, **Abiezer** by association to mean himself. Alternate translation: “than the grapes I have harvested”
|
||||
8:3 bi55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion So what was I able to do like you?” 1 Gideon is using the question form for emphasis and to be persuasive without being confrontational. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for those purposes, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. See how you translated the similar expression in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “So what I have done is not like what you have done!”
|
||||
8:3 riv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Then their spirit abated toward him 1 The author is speaking as if **spirit** of the Ephraimite soldiers literally became smaller or weaker. In this context, the word **spirit** refers to anger. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then they had less anger toward him”
|
||||
8:3 j324 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in him speaking this word 1 The author is using the term **word** to represent what Gideon said by using words. He is not referring to one specific **word** that Gideon spoke that made the Ephraimite soldiers less angry. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he said these things to them”
|
||||
8:4 j325 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent Then Gideon came to the Jordan. Crossing over, he and the 300 men who {were} with him {were} weary, but pursuing 1 Here the author is introducing a new event in the story. It is possible that he is backing up to a point in the narrative just after [7:24](../07/24.md) and that the events of [7:25–8:3](../07/25.md) are related out of sequence. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event and that would allow for this possibility. Alternate translation: “Now when Gideon and the 300 men who were with him reached the Jordan and crossed it, even though they were weary, they continued pursuing”
|
||||
8:4 j326 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis but pursuing 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but still pursuing their enemies”
|
||||
8:5 j327 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche loaves of bread 1 Gideon asks specifically for **loaves of bread** because they would have been easy to carry and to eat while pursuing the Midianites. But he may also be using one kind of food to mean the various kinds of food that would provide a good meal to strengthen a soldier. You may wish to indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “some food to strengthen”
|
||||
8:5 j328 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the people who {are} at my feet 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “to the men who are under my command”
|
||||
8:5 j329 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zeba & Zalmunna 1 The words **Zeba** and **Zalmunna** are the names of men.
|
||||
8:6 l71p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion { Is} the palm of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand, that {we are} giving bread to your army?” 1 The princes of Succoth are using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “The palm of Zebah and Zalmunna is not now in your hand, that we should give bread to your army!”
|
||||
8:6 aw3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy { Is} the palm of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand 1 The princes of Succoth are referring by association to Gideon and his men having captured Zebah and Zalmunna. While the source and meaning of this expression are not entirely clear, it seems to refer to the way captured prisoners would have their hands tied or chained by a rope or chain that one of their captors would hold in his hand to lead them. Alternate translation: “Have you already captured Zebah and Zalmunna”
|
||||
8:6 bn4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns {Is} the palm 1 Since princes of Succoth are referring to two people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural or dual form of **palm**. Alternate translation: “Are the palms”
|
||||
8:8 ikw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Penuel 1 The word **Penuel** is the name of a town.
|
||||
8:9 y4qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns In my returning in peace 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “When I return here peacefully” or “When I return here after winning the war against the Midianites”
|
||||
8:10 j330 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent Now Zebah and Zalmunna {were} in Karkor 1 The author is introducing a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event.
|
||||
8:10 vw38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Karkor 1 The word **Karkor** is the name of a town.
|
||||
8:10 j331 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and their camps & the camp of the sons of the east 1 The author is using the terms **camps** and **camp** to mean “soldiers” and “army,” by association with the way the soldiers in an army stay in camps. Alternate translation: “their soldiers … the army of the sons of the east”
|
||||
8:10 p2iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and the {ones} having fallen 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:25](../03/25.md). Alternate translation: “and the ones who had died”
|
||||
8:10 mz6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy men drawing the sword 1 The author is using this phrase to mean soldiers, by association with the way that soldiers at this time drew swords in order to fight battles. Alternate translation: “soldiers”
|
||||
8:11 j332 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the {ones} lodged in tents 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the ones who live in tents”
|
||||
8:11 j333 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the east to Nobah and Jogbehah 1 The author does not mean that Gideon traveled **from** the east **to** Nobah and Jogbehah. He is using a characteristic expression to describe the location of one place relative to two other places. He means that from where Gideon was along this road, if one went **to Jobah and Jogbehah**, one would approach those towns **from the east**. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “to the east of Nobah and Jogbehah”
|
||||
8:11 jbu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nobah & Jogbehah 1 The words **Nobah** and **Jogbehah** are the names of towns.
|
||||
8:11 j334 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events And he struck the camp, and the camp was {in} security 1 Since the camp was **in security** before Gideon **struck** it, in your translation you may wish to relate these events in the order in which they happened. Alternate translation: “And the camp was in security, but he struck it”
|
||||
8:11 j335 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns and the camp was {in} security 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **security**, you could express the same idea in another way. Here, as in [8:10](../08/10.md), the author is using the word **camp** to mean the soldiers in the camp. Alternate translation: “while the soldiers were feeling secure”
|
||||
8:12 j336 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events Then Zebah and Zalmunna fled & And he made all of the camp tremble 1 Since Gideon first routed the Midianite army and its kings then fled, in your translation you may wish to relate these events in the order in which they happened. Alternate translation: “Gideon made all of the camp tremble. Then Zebah and Zalmunna fled”
|
||||
8:12 j337 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And he made all of the camp tremble 1 The author is speaking by association of how Gideon made the Midianite army **tremble** fear to mean that the army panicked and fled. Alternate translation: “And he threw the entire army into a panic”
|
||||
8:13 w217 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names through the ascent of Heres 1 The word **Heres** is the name of a road that passes between two mountains.
|
||||
8:13 a6z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and he questioned him 1 The author means implicitly that Gideon **questioned** this young man in order to find out the identities of all of the town leaders of Succoth. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he questioned him to find out who the town leaders were”
|
||||
8:14 l2rr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And he wrote for him the princes of Succoth and its elders 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And he wrote for him the names of the princes of Succoth and its elders”
|
||||
8:15 j338 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go Then he went 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “Then he came”
|
||||
8:15 j339 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes you taunted me, saying, ‘Is the palm of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand, that we {are} giving bread to your weary men? 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you taunted me, asking whether the palm of Zebah and Zalmunna was already in my hand, that you should give bread to my weary men!”
|
||||
8:15 bnf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is the palm of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand, that we {are} giving bread to your weary men? 1 If you retain the quotation within the quotation, see how you translated this question in [8:6](../08/06.md). Alternate translation: “The palm of Zebah and Zalmunna is not now in your hand, that we should give bread to your weary men!”
|
||||
8:16 ct8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And he took the elders of the city and thorns of the wilderness and briers 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And he took the elders of the city, and he also took thorns of the wilderness and briers”
|
||||
8:16 vr3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants and he taught 1 The traditional Hebrew text reads **taught** here. The ULT follows that reading. Some ancient versions seem to reflect a different textual reading and say “thrashed,” as in [8:7](../08/07.md). If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT. However, if the original reading is “taught,” in this context the word would mean “disciplined,” so the two readings mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “and he disciplined”
|
||||
8:17 j340 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Then he tore down the tower of Peniel and killed the men of the city 1 See the General Notes to this chapter for a discussion of what the author may be saying implicitly here. Alternate translation: “Then he tore down the tower of Peniel, and that killed the leaders of the city”
|
||||
8:18 j341 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Where {are} the men whom you killed at Tabor? 1 Gideon’s question relates to something that the author has not narrated as part of this story. The author has also not related it as background information. So readers must infer what happened. It appears that at some point, probably before Yahweh called Gideon to lead an army against the Midianites, their forces invaded Israel and killed some of Gideon’s brothers. Because these forces were under the command or authority of Zebah and Zalmunna, Gideon is going to hold them accountable for his brothers’ deaths. You can indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Now some time ago your forces killed some men at Tabor. You need to answer for that.”
|
||||
8:18 j342 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where {are} the men whom you killed at Tabor? 1 This could mean: (1) that Gideon is using the question form to announce that he is going to hold Zebah and Zalmunna accountable for the deaths of his brothers. This question seems to have had that significance in this culture. For example, for the same purpose, God says to Cain, “Where is your brother Abel?” ([Genesis 4:9](..//gen/04/09.md)). Alternate translation: “I am going to hold you accountable for the men whom you killed at Tabor” (2) that Gideon is asking for information. He wants to verify the identity of the men whom these kings killed. Alternate translation: “What did the men look like whom you killed at Tabor?”
|
||||
8:18 j343 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit As you {are}, so they {were}. Each {was} like the form of the sons of the king 1 Zebah and Zalmunna could be: (1) saying implicitly that they killed these men because they were of regal bearing and so they perceived them to be a potential threat. As Israelites of strength and influence, they could have led resistance to the Midianites. Alternate translation: “They were of regal bearing, just like you, and we killed them because we perceived them as a threat” (2) answering Gideon’s question by providing information. Alternate translation: “They looked just like you. Each one of them looked like a prince.”
|
||||
8:18 q1pd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the sons of the king 1 By the expression **the king**, Zebah and Zalmunna could mean: (1) Gideon himself. They may regard him as the “king” of Israel because he has led the Israelite forces into battle. In that case, by **the sons of the king**, they would be referring to Gideon’s sons, at least one of whom is present, as [8:20](../08/20.md) indicates. Alternate translation: “your sons right there” (2) a person of regal bearing and presence in general. Alternate translation: “the sons of a king”
|
||||
8:19 j344 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship my brothers, the sons of my mother 1 Gideon is specifying that he had not just the same father but also the same mother as these men. Your language may have its own term or expression for this relationship. Alternate translation: “my full brothers”
|
||||
8:19 jb1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula {As} Yahweh {is} alive 1 Gideon is using this expression to guarantee that what he is about to say is true. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. You can also state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear that”
|
||||
8:20 j345 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction Then he said to Jether his firstborn, “Arise, kill them!” 1 Gideon having his son Jether, who was still a young man, kill Zeba and Zalmunna was in some way a symbolic action, but interpreters are not entirely sure of what kind. See the General Notes to this chapter for a discussion of the possibilities and for suggestions of how to translate what Gideon told Jether.
|
||||
8:20 xg9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jether 1 The word **Jether** is the name of a man.
|
||||
8:20 j346 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Arise 1 Gideon is using the expression **Arise** to tell Jether to take action. He is not telling him to get up from a seated position. Alternate translation: “Go ahead”
|
||||
8:21 j347 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Arise & arose 1 See how you translated the word “Arise” in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “Go ahead … took action”
|
||||
8:21 j348 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs For like a man {is} his strength 1 Zebah and Zalmunna may be expressing their meaning by using a short popular saying of the culture. They probably mean that Gideon should not have expected that a boy would have had the strength or courage to kill them. Your culture may have a comparable saying that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “It takes a man to do a man’s job”
|
||||
8:21 j349 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks For like a man {is} his strength 1 You may wish to use punctuation to indicate that Zebah and Zalmunna may be quoting a popular saying of the culture. You could put this sentence within second-level quotation marks, or you could use some other punctuation or convention of your language.
|
||||
8:21 eu98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown the ornaments 1 The word translated as **ornaments** describes crescent-shaped decorations made of gold. If your readers would not be familiar with such objects, in your translation you could describe them more fully. The UST models one way to do this.
|
||||
8:22 j350 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Then the men of Israel 1 By **the men of Israel**, the author seems implicitly to mean Gideon’s soldiers. What Gideon says to these men in [8:24](../08/24.md) suggests this. Alternate translation: “Then Gideon’s soldiers”
|
||||
8:22 j351 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship Rule over us, both you and your son and the son of your son 1 Your language may have its own terms for the relationships described here. You could also use a general expression. Alternate translation: “We want you and your son and your grandson to rule over us” or “We want your family to rule over us to the third generation”
|
||||
8:23 j352 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and my son will not rule over you 1 By saying **my son will not rule over you**, Gideon implicitly means that his grandson will not rule over the Israelites either. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and my son and grandson will not rule over you”
|
||||
8:24 j353 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness Let me request a request from you 1 To make his request politely, Gideon is using a construction in which a verb and its object come from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express a polite request. Alternatively, your language may have another way of doing that. Alternate translation: “I just have one small thing that I would like to ask of you”
|
||||
8:24 j354 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun that a man give 1 Gideon is not referring to a specific **man**. He means each man in the army. Alternate translation: “that each one of you give”
|
||||
8:24 c2b3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background For earrings of gold {were} to them, for they {were} Ishmaelites. 1 Here the author is providing background information to help readers understand what is happening in the story. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
|
||||
8:25 j355 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication The men are repeating the verb **give** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “We will certainly give you what you want!” 1
|
||||
8:25 j356 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun and a man threw 1 As in the previous verse, this is not referring to a specific **man**. Alternate translation: “and each man threw”
|
||||
8:26 j357 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy {was} 1,700 gold 1 The author is using the word **gold** by association to mean golden shekels, a unit of weight. Alternate translation: “was 1,700 shekels of gold”
|
||||
8:26 28qb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight {was} 1,700 gold 1 These 1,700 **gold** shekels weighed about 20 kilograms or over 40 pounds. In your translation, you could use the ancient measurement and spell the word “shekel” the way it sounds in your language. You could also use the metric measurement given in the UST or another measurement that your language and culture customarily use. Alternatively, you could use the ancient measurement in your translation and put a modern measurement in parentheses in the text or in a footnote.
|
||||
8:26 w5mz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown the ornaments 1 The word translated as **ornaments** is the same word as in [8:21](../08/21.md), so it appears that these kings wore crescent-shaped decorations made of gold as their camels did. See how you translated the word there.
|
||||
8:26 rc47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown and the pendants & the chains 1 The word translated as **pendants** refers to some other kind of jewelry that these kings wore. Interpreters are not entirely sure what it was, so it may be best to use a general expression for it. The same is true for the word translated as **chains**, which seems to refer to some kind of decoration that went around the necks of the camels, possibly made of gold chains. Alternate translation: “and the jewelry … the necklaces”
|
||||
8:27 awh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns Then Gideon made it into an ephod 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the 1,700 shekels of gold described in the previous verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Then Gideon made the gold into an ephod”
|
||||
8:27 tyw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor prostituted themselves after it 1 The author is speaking as if the Israelites had literally acted as prostitutes for this ephod. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same expression in [2:17](../02/17.md). Alternate translation: Alternate translation: “betrayed Yahweh by worshiping this ephod as if it were a god”
|
||||
8:27 bbx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And it was for a snare to Gideon and to his house 1 The author is speaking as if this ephod had literally been a **snare** in which **Gideon** and **his house** were caught. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “and this led to the ruin of Gideon and his house”
|
||||
8:27 i29y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to Gideon and to his house 1 Here, **house** means all the people descended from a particular person. It does not mean the building in which they lived. Alternate translation: “for Gideon and his descendants”
|
||||
8:28 j358 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory So Midian was subdued to the face of the sons of Israel 1 In this verse and the next one, the author is saying what happened at the end of the story of the fight that Gideon led against the Midianites. Your language may have its own way of presenting such information.
|
||||
8:28 wui8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive So Midian was subdued 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh subdued Midian”
|
||||
8:28 u2ar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and they did not continue to lift their head 1 The author is speaking as if the Midianites were literally looking down, as a subservient person would do in this culture. He means that they no longer assumed a position of dominance over the Israelites. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they no longer oppressed the Israelites”
|
||||
8:28 j359 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns their head 1 Since the author is referring to a group of people, if you retain this image, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **head**. Alternate translation: “their heads”
|
||||
8:28 un4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification And the land rested 40 years 1 See how you translated the same expression in [3:11](../03/11.md). Alternate translation: “And there were no more wars for 40 years”
|
||||
8:28 j360 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the days of Gideon 1 See how you translated the word **days** in [2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “throughout the lifetime of Gideon”
|
||||
8:29 z3sb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names And Jerubbaal, the son of Joash 1 As [6:32](../06/32.md) and [7:1](../07/01.md) explain, the word **Jerubbaal** is another name for the man also known as Gideon. The author may be using this name here to recall how Gideon tore down the altar to Baal that his father **Joash** had set up. He may be recalling that action to contrast it with Gideon setting up the golden ephod. So it would be in keeping with the author’s purposes to use the name Jerubbaal here in your translation. But if it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain in the text that this is another name for Gideon. Alternate translation: “And Jerubbaal the son of Joash, that is, Gideon”
|
||||
8:30 j361 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now to Gideon were 70 sons coming from his thigh, for many wives were to him. 1 In this verse and the next one, the author is providing background information to help readers understand what happens next in the story, specifically in Chapter 9, which is about Abimelek. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
|
||||
8:30 j362 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result Now to Gideon were 70 sons coming from his thigh, for many wives were to him. 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Now Gideon had many wives, so he had 70 sons coming from his thigh”
|
||||
8:30 j363 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship sons coming from his thigh 1 The author is using the expression **coming from his thigh** to mean that Gideon was the biological father of all these **sons**. Gideon did not adopt any sons or marry any widows who already had sons by their late husbands. Your language may have its own term or expression that communicates this meaning. Alternate translation: “sons of his own”
|
||||
8:31 j364 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants Abimelek 1 The author is introducing **Abimelek** as a new participant in the story. He will be the main character in Chapter 9. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you can use it here in your translation.
|
||||
8:31 j365 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Abimelek 1 The author could assume that his original audience would know that the Hebrew name **Abimelek** means “my father is king.” While Gideon had refused to become the actual king of Israel, he may have given this name to his son to suggest that he was, in a sense, a king, since he had been offered the kingship. Unfortunately this seems to have made Abimelek ambitious to become an actual king, with disastrous consequences, as Chapter 9 describes. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate the meaning of this name explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “Abimelek, which means ‘my father is king’”
|
||||
8:32 i3jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in good old age 1 The author is using a common expression that describes a person being very old. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he was very old”
|
||||
8:32 w8yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive and he was buried 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and his family buried him”
|
||||
8:33 be44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent Now it happened 1 The author is using this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event.
|
||||
8:33 l1r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turned 1 The author is speaking as if the Israelites literally **turned** and faced or went in a different direction. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same expression in [2:19](../02/19.md). Alternate translation: “changed their behavior”
|
||||
8:33 gh13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and prostituted themselves after the Baals 1 See how you translated the same expression in [2:17](../02/17.md). Alternate translation: “betrayed Yahweh by worshiping the Baals”
|
||||
8:33 ce8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names And they made for themselves Baal-Berith as a god 1 The expression **Baal-Berith** is the name of a false god. It means “master of the covenant.” This name also appears in [9:4](../09/04.md) and in the form El-Berith (which means “god of the covenant”) in [9:46](../09/46.md).
|
||||
8:34 j366 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events The sons of Israel did not remember Yahweh, their God, the one having delivered them from the hand of all of their enemies from around 1 Since Yahweh **delivered** the Israelites before they failed to **remember** him, in your translation you may wish to relate these events in the order in which they happened. The UST models one way to do this.
|
||||
8:34 j367 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor did not remember 1 The author is speaking as if the Israelites literally **did not remember** who Yahweh was or what he had done for them. He means that they were not grateful to Yahweh and so did not respond the way grateful people would, with loyal devotion. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “did not gratefully worship”
|
||||
8:35 j368 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns They did not do covenant faithfulness with 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **covenant faithfulness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “They did not behave loyally toward”
|
||||
8:35 svf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the house of Jerubbaal, Gideon 1 See how you translated the term **house** in [8:27](../08/27.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jerubbaal, that is, Gideon”
|
||||
8:35 j369 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the good that he did with Israel 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **good**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the good things that he did for Israel”
|
||||
9:intro zl19 0 # Judges 9 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Jotham’s curse\n\nGideon’s son, Abimelech, killed all of his brothers except Jotham in order to become king of Shechem. Jotham cursed Abimelech for having murdered Gideon’s other sons. “Let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem and the house of Millo. Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Tree metaphor\n\nThis chapter contains an extended metaphor about trees. This metaphor functions as a parable instructing Israel about their sinful desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
|
||||
9:1 cb58 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
|
||||
9:2 gfl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Please say this, so that all the leaders in Shechem may hear, ‘Which is better for you, that all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over you, or that just one rule over you?’ 0 This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Please ask the leaders of Shechem if they would rather have all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over them, or if they would rather have just one of his sons rule over them.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||||
9:2 lpf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70”
|
||||
9:2 e38y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am your bone and your flesh 0 Here “your bone and your flesh” represents being someone’s relative. Alternate translation: “I am a member of your family”
|
||||
9:3 ie29 His mother’s relatives spoke for him to the leaders 0 This means that the relatives of the mother of Abimelech spoke to the leaders, suggesting that they make Abimelech their king.
|
||||
9:3 ubh9 they agreed to follow Abimelech 0 Alternate translation: “they agreed to let Abimelech be their leader”
|
||||
9:4 yf44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house 0 Here “house” represents a temple.
|
||||
9:4 yf3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney seventy pieces of silver 0 This means seventy shekels of silver. A shekel weighs 11 grams. If it is necessary to translate this with modern measurements, you can translate it like this. Alternate translation: “almost one kilo of silver”
|
||||
9:4 v8x5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70”
|
||||
9:4 g7i4 Baal-Berith 0 This is the name of a false god. See how you translated it in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md).
|
||||
9:4 mi77 worthless and reckless 0 Alternate translation: “violent and foolish”
|
||||
9:5 c56j Ophrah 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
|
||||
9:5 jer7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one stone 0 “1 stone”
|
||||
9:5 gnp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70”
|
||||
9:5 ilv2 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
|
||||
9:6 up6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Millo 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||||
9:7 d3ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables 0 # General Information:\n\nJotham begins telling a parable in which the trees try to find someone to rule them. The trees represent the Israelites.
|
||||
9:7 ksz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive When Jotham was told about this 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When Jotham heard that Abimelech had murdered his brothers”
|
||||
9:7 z9vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Gerizim 0 This is a mountain.
|
||||
9:8 p19p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. For they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’ 0 In this parable Jotham describes the trees doing things that humans do. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
9:8 x1ky rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction to anoint a king over them 0 Here, to anoint with oil is a symbolic action that represents appointing a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint a king to rule over all of them”
|
||||
9:8 ai6t Reign over us 0 Alternate translation: “Be our king”
|
||||
9:9 q6h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I give up my abundance … over the other trees? 0 The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my abundance … over the other trees.”
|
||||
9:9 v5cc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy abundance 0 This word for “wealth” is a metonym for the olives that come from the tree. People ate olives as food and crushed them to make oil for lamps. Alternate translation: “oil”
|
||||
9:9 b42t by which gods and men are honored 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “by which people honor both gods and other men”
|
||||
9:9 ctc8 gods 0 It is possible to translate the same Hebrew word as “god,” “God,” or “gods,” so this could mean: (1) “gods” or (2) “God.”
|
||||
9:9 a9cy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sway over 0 To sway is to move back and forth. Trees sway when the wind blows them. Here this is a metaphor for ruling over people. Jotham is also using irony, saying that the work of any ruler will be useless because the “trees,” the people, will not obey anyone who rules them. Alternate translation: “rule over”
|
||||
9:11 df3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the fig tree said to them 0 Jotham continues describing the trees as doing things that humans do.
|
||||
9:11 bi3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I give up my sweetness … over the other trees? 0 The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my sweetness … over the other trees.”
|
||||
9:11 jkz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns my sweetness and my good fruit 0 The word “sweetness” is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective that describes the fruit that grows on the tree. Alternate translation: “my good sweet fruit”
|
||||
9:12 m2h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The trees said to the vine 0 In this parable, Jotham describes the trees and the vine as doing things that humans do.
|
||||
9:13 i2y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I give up my new wine … over the other trees? 0 The vine is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my new wine … over the other trees.”
|
||||
9:14 mp3a thornbush 0 Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has many sharp spikes along its branches.
|
||||
9:15 g1p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables The thornbush said to the trees 0 In this parable, Jotham describes the thornbush and the trees as doing things that humans do. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
9:15 zea8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction to anoint me as king over you 0 To anoint someone with oil is a symbolic action that appoints a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint me as your king”
|
||||
9:15 cm8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns find safety 0 The word “safety” is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “be safe”
|
||||
9:15 hvs5 fire come out of the thornbush and let it burn up the cedars of Lebanon 0 This means to let the thornbush burn so that it will burn the cedars.
|
||||
9:15 xn44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person then let fire come out of the thornbush 0 The thornbush refers to itself as “the thornbush.” Alternate translation: “then may fire come out from me, the thornbush”
|
||||
9:16 ayq2 Now 0 This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
|
||||
9:16 y7g3 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
|
||||
9:16 nu7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his house 0 Here “house” represents Gideon’s family.
|
||||
9:17 x8ae 0 # General Information:\n\nJotham makes the application to the situation at that time and place.
|
||||
9:17 fpm7 to think that my father fought for you … out of the hand of Midian 0 Here Jotham is expressing that he cannot believe how badly the people of Shechem have treated Gideon and his family even after Gideon fought to save the people of Shechem.
|
||||
9:17 kqc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the hand of Midian 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of the Midianites” or “from the Midianites”
|
||||
9:18 cr5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom you have risen up against 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have opposed” or “you have rebelled against”
|
||||
9:18 i5zw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my father’s house 0 Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my father’s family”
|
||||
9:18 yy47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70”
|
||||
9:18 ym97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one stone 0 “1 stone”
|
||||
9:18 c154 his female servant 0 Here “his” refers to Gideon.
|
||||
9:19 cwl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo If you acted with honesty and integrity with Jerub Baal and his house 0 Jotham offered the possibility that what they did was good, but Jotham does not actually believe what they did was good. Alternate translation: “If you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they deserved to be treated”
|
||||
9:19 re1x Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
|
||||
9:19 r5ce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his house 0 Here “house” refers to family. Alternate translation: “his family”
|
||||
9:20 rv9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo But if not 0 Jotham offered the opposite possibility that what they did was evil and applied a curse. Jotham does believe what they did was evil. Alternate translation: “But if you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they did not deserve to be treated”
|
||||
9:20 g8i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem 0 Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of Abimelech destroying the people of Shechem as if he would burn them with fire.
|
||||
9:20 ibq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech 0 Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of the people of Shechem and Beth Millo destroying Abimelech as if they would burn him with fire.
|
||||
9:20 iey1 Beth Millo 0 This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:6](../09/06.md).
|
||||
9:21 pan4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beer 0 This is the name of a city.
|
||||
9:23 bv9r God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem 0 This means that God applied the curse Jotham made by sending an evil spirit to cause trouble and animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem.
|
||||
9:24 xf1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive God did this so the violence done … helped him murder his brothers 0 The passive phrases can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did this to avenge the seventy sons whom Abimelech their brother murdered and the men of Shechem helped murder”
|
||||
9:24 cb41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70”
|
||||
9:24 b1g1 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
|
||||
9:25 b7tx positioned men to lie in wait on the hilltops that they might ambush him 0 Alternate translation: “sent men to hide on the hilltops and wait to attack Abimelech”
|
||||
9:25 pd3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive This was reported to Abimelech 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech about the men waiting to attack him”
|
||||
9:26 r2ue rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gaal … Ebed 0 These are names of men.
|
||||
9:26 mv9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns had confidence in him 0 The word “confidence” is an abstract noun that can be stated with the verb “trust.” Alternate translation: “trusted him”
|
||||
9:27 i6sf They went out into the field 0 Here “They” refers to Gaal and his relatives and the men of Shechem.
|
||||
9:27 r8w9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they trampled on them 0 They did this to squeeze out the grape juice to make wine with it.
|
||||
9:27 c3x3 trampled 0 Alternate translation: “crushed” or “stomped”
|
||||
9:27 d9l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the house 0 Here “house” represents a temple.
|
||||
9:28 yyy5 Gaal … Ebed 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
|
||||
9:28 w9hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? 0 Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!”
|
||||
9:28 dfp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? 0 Both of these questions means the same thing. Gaal refers to Abimelech as “Shechem” because Abimelech’s mother was from Shechem. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech, that is, Shechem!”
|
||||
9:28 a6ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is he not the son of Jerub Baal? Is Zebul not his officer? 0 Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “He is just the son of Jerub Baal, and Zebul is just his officer.”
|
||||
9:28 p2s8 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
|
||||
9:28 b36z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zebul 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||||
9:28 rq5n Serve the men of Hamor, Shechem’s father 0 Gaal means the people of Shechem should serve those who descended from Hamor, that is, those who are truly Canaanites, and not serve someone whose father was an Israelite.
|
||||
9:28 ju72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should we serve Abimelech? 0 Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!”
|
||||
9:29 v1e2 I wish that this people were under my command 0 Alternate translation: “I wish that I ruled the people of Shechem”
|
||||
9:30 qj5l Zebul 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
|
||||
9:30 a53k heard the words of Gaal son of Ebed 0 Alternate translation: “heard what Gaal son of Ebed said”
|
||||
9:30 p2rs Gaal … Ebed 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
|
||||
9:30 u13b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his anger was kindled 0 Becoming angry is spoken of as if a fire were starting. Alternate translation: “he became very angry”
|
||||
9:30 lx8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the city 0 Here “city” represents the people of the city.
|
||||
9:31 u898 in order to deceive 0 Zebul is deceiving Gaal and the people of Shechem. Alternate translation: “secretly”
|
||||
9:31 gvg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they are stirring up the city against you 0 This speaks of the people of the city becoming upset as if they were liquid in a pot moving around. Alternate translation: “they are persuading the people of the city to rebel against you”
|
||||
9:32 yn4z 0 # General Information:\n\nZebul’s messengers continue talking to Abimelech.
|
||||
9:32 j18v Now 0 This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
|
||||
9:32 mrh8 an ambush 0 Alternate translation: “to hide and attack them suddenly”
|
||||
9:33 k1f3 do whatever you can to them 0 This means that they can do what they want to destroy the followers of Gaal.
|
||||
9:34 be8t all the men who were with him 0 Alternate translation: “all the men accompanying Abimelech” or “all the men fighting for Abimelech”
|
||||
9:34 b14p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers dividing into four units 0 “separating into 4 groups”
|
||||
9:35 q22c Gaal … Ebed 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
|
||||
9:36 v8bb Gaal 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
|
||||
9:36 vu4i Zebul 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
|
||||
9:36 gz9v You are seeing the shadows on the hills like they are men 0 Zebul is trying to confuse Gaal and keep him from preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “That is not people, it is only shadows on the hills”
|
||||
9:37 kmf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one unit 0 “1 group” or “1 troop”
|
||||
9:38 tqh1 Zebul 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
|
||||
9:38 qap7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where are your proud words now, you 0 Zebul is scolding Gaal with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You are not speaking proudly now, you” or “You are not proud now, you”
|
||||
9:38 fub2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion you who said, ‘Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?’ 0 Zebul is quoting Gaal’s boast back to Gaal. This can be translated as a statement and as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “you who said that we should not serve Abimelech.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||||
9:38 qdj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are these not the men you despised? 0 Zebul is challenging Gaal with this rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Here are the men that you despised.”
|
||||
9:38 u392 despised 0 strongly disliked or hated
|
||||
9:39 h55i Gaal 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
|
||||
9:40 p7lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Many fell with deadly wounds 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “And many men died of wounds”
|
||||
9:41 y21z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arumah 0 This is the name of a city.
|
||||
9:41 q5ep Zebul 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
|
||||
9:41 f6ud Gaal 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
|
||||
9:42 em2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive this was reported to Abimelech 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone reported this to Abimelech”
|
||||
9:43 rm73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers divided them into three units 0 “separated them into 3 groups”
|
||||
9:43 e8ph they set an ambush in the fields 0 Alternate translation: “they hid in the fields to attack the people by surprise”
|
||||
9:43 l12e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he attacked 0 Here “he” refers to Abimelech who represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “they attacked”
|
||||
9:44 h6g9 the units 0 Alternate translation: “the groups of soldiers”
|
||||
9:44 a246 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers other two 0 “other 2”
|
||||
9:45 e7uy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Abimelech fought … He tore down 0 Here “Abimelech” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Abimelech and his soldiers fought … They tore down”
|
||||
9:45 ch7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy against the city 0 Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “against the people of Shechem”
|
||||
9:45 zi77 tore down 0 Alternate translation: “demolished”
|
||||
9:45 t928 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit spread salt over it 0 “spread salt over the land.” Spreading salt over land keeps anything from growing there.
|
||||
9:46 lty1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house 0 Here this represents a temple.
|
||||
9:46 kw6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names El-Berith 0 The word “El” means “god.” This is the same false god as “Baal-Berith” in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md).
|
||||
9:47 hnv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Abimelech was told 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech”
|
||||
9:48 h1s8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Zalmon 0 This is the name of a mountain.
|
||||
9:49 thc7 piled 0 This means to stack the branches into a large heap.
|
||||
9:49 f9xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers about a thousand men 0 “about 1,000”
|
||||
9:50 jh8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Thebez 0 This is the name of a city.
|
||||
9:50 nyj8 encamped against Thebez 0 Alternate translation: “camped outside the city of Thebez”
|
||||
9:52 jgq2 fought against it 0 Alternate translation: “attacked it”
|
||||
9:53 z9j6 upper millstone 0 Two large, flat, round stones were used to grind grain in a mill. An upper millstone was the top one that was rolled on the lower one to crush the grain in between them.
|
||||
9:54 vm49 armor-bearer 0 This is the man who carried the weapons of Abimelech.
|
||||
9:54 is1h pierced him through 0 This means the young man put the sword right through the body of Abimelech.
|
||||
9:56 h9fb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70”
|
||||
9:57 fx65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom made all the evil of the men of Shechem turn back on their own heads 0 “Evil turn back on their heads” here is an idiom. Alternate translation: “punished the men of Shechem for all the evil they had done”
|
||||
9:57 hua1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom on them came the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal happened to them”
|
||||
9:57 q7dp Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
|
||||
9:1 j370 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent Now Abimelek, the son of Jerubbaal, went to Shechem The author is introducing a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event.
|
||||
9:1 j371 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship the brothers of his mother & the father of his mother Your language may have its own term or expression for these relationships. Alternate translation: “his maternal uncles … his maternal grandfather”
|
||||
9:2 gfl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Please speak in the ears of all of the lords of Shechem, ‘What is better for you, 70 men ruling over you, all of the sons of Jerubbaal, or one man ruling over you?’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Please ask all the lords of Shechem out loud whether it is better for them to have 70 men, all the sons of Jerubbaal, ruling over them or to have one man ruling over them.”
|
||||
9:2 j372 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy speak in the ears of all of the lords of Shechem Abimelek is using the term **ears** by association to mean hearing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “speak so that all of the lords of Shechem can hear you” or “please say out loud to all of the lords of Shechem”
|
||||
9:2 j373 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is better for you, 70 men ruling over you, all of the sons of Jerubbaal, or one man ruling over you? Abimelek wants his relatives to use the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is certainly better for you to have one man ruling over you than to have 70 men, all the sons of Jerubbaal, ruling over you!”
|
||||
9:2 e38y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism I {am} your bone and your flesh Abimelek is using the two main components of the human body, **bone** and **flesh**, to mean the whole body, and when he tells the people of Shechem that he is part of the same body with them, he means that he is their close relative. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. You could also state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am your own flesh and blood” or “I am your close relative”
|
||||
9:3 ie29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the ears of See how you translated the same expression in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “in the hearing of” or “out loud to”
|
||||
9:3 j374 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result and their heart turned after Abimelek, for they said, “He {is} our brother.” If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “and when they considered, ‘He is our brother,’ their heart turned after Abimelek”
|
||||
9:3 ubh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and their heart turned after Abimelek Here the **heart** represents the will and inclinations. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they decided to make Abimelek their king”
|
||||
9:3 j375 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns their heart Since the author is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **heart**. Alternate translation: “their hearts”
|
||||
9:3 j376 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He {is} our brother The lords of Shechem are using the term **brother** to mean someone descended from the same ancestor. They do not mean that Abimelek is their literal brother, a child of the same parents. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He is our kinsman”
|
||||
9:3 j377 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He {is} our brother The lords of Shechem mean implicitly that they expect Abimelek to treat them better than the other sons of Gideon would because he is their relative, while the other sons are not. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “He is our kinsman, so he will treat us well”
|
||||
9:3 j378 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations He {is} our brother It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. The UST models one way to do that.
|
||||
9:4 j379 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 70 silver The author is using the word **silver** by association to mean silver shekels, a unit of weight. Alternate translation: “70 shekels of silver”
|
||||
9:4 yf3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight 70 silver A **silver** shekel weighed about 11 grams, so these **70** shekels weighed a little less than a kilogram, or almost two pounds. In your translation, you could use the ancient measurement and spell the word “shekel” the way it sounds in your language. You could also say “coins” rather than “shekels.” Alternatively, you could use the metric measurement given in the UST or another measurement that your language and culture customarily use, or you could use the ancient measurement in your translation and put a modern measurement in parentheses in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “70 silver shekels” or “70 silver coins”
|
||||
9:4 yf44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the house of Baal-Berith The author is speaking of the temple of Baal-Berith as if it had been a **house** in which that false god lived. Alternate translation: “the temple of Baal-Berith”
|
||||
9:4 mi77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys worthless and reckless men This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The idea is that because these **men** were **worthless**, that is, unprincipled, they were not careful to do what was right and avoid doing what was wrong, that is, they were **reckless**. So Abimelek could hire them to commit murder, as the next verse describes. Your language may have a comparable expression for people whose consciences do not keep them from doing wrong. Alternate translation: “hardened criminals”
|
||||
9:5 ilv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship his brothers, the sons of Jerubbaal The author is specifying that these **brothers** were sons of Abimelek’s father **Jerubbaal** (Gideon) but not of his mother. Your language may have its own term or expression for this relationship. Alternate translation: “his paternal half-brothers”
|
||||
9:5 jer7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction upon one stone It appears that killing all **70** of these men **upon one stone** was a symbolic action of some kind. See the General Notes to this chapter for a discussion of what the significance of this action might have been and for suggestions of how to represent that in your translation.
|
||||
9:5 j380 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result But Jotham was left, the youngest son of Jerubbaal, for he had hidden himself If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “But Jotham, the youngest son of Jerubbaal, hid himself, and so he was left”
|
||||
9:5 j381 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive But Jotham was left If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But Jotham survived”
|
||||
9:6 up6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names and all of Beth Millo The expression **Beth Millo** could be: (1) an expression meaning “the house of Millo,” that is, the residents of a place that was described by that term, which means a fortification. This could be the same place as the “citadel” described in [9:46](../09/46.md). These might therefore have been soldiers or military officers. Alternate translation: “and all of the officers from the citadel” (2) the name of a town near Shechem. In that case, the author may leaving the phrase **the lords of** to be understood implicitly in this second instance. Alternate translation: “and all of the leaders of the nearby town of Beth Millo”
|
||||
9:6 j382 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit beside the oak of the pillar that {was} in Shechem The author assumes that readers will know what **oak** and **pillar** he is referring to. Joshua had set up the pillar under that oak there in Shechem as a witness of the covenant that the Israelites had made with Yahweh to worship him alone as their God ([Joshua 24:26–27](../jos/24/26.md)). You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “beside the oak in Shechem under which Joshua had set up a pillar”
|
||||
9:6 j383 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction beside the oak of the pillar that {was} in Shechem Making Abimelek **king** next to this **pillar** under this **oak** tree was a symbolic action, given the history of the place. Since the lords of Shechem had given Abimelek money from the temple of Baal-Berith to establish himself as king, Baal-Berith was Abimelek’s patron god. So the location of this ceremony was intended to signify that in place of their covenant with Yahweh, the people were installing a king who would lead them in the worship of Baal-Berith. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “under the patronage of Baal-Berith, beside the very same oak tree in Shechem where Joshua had set up a pillar to remind the Israelites of their covenant with Yahweh”
|
||||
9:7 ksz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And they declared to Jotham Here, **they** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “And Jotham was told about this”
|
||||
9:7 j384 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And they declared to Jotham The author is leaving some information implicit that he assumes readers will understand. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And they declared to Jotham that the leaders of Shechem had made Abimelek their king”
|
||||
9:7 j385 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit on the top of Mount Gerizim The author seems to mean implicitly not that Jotham stood on the very summit of Mount Gerizim but atop a rocky crag, several hundred feet high, that overlooked Shechem. From there the leaders of Shechem could have heard him but he would have been safe from capture. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “on a crag high up on Mount Gerizim”
|
||||
9:7 z9vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Gerizim The word **Gerizim** is the name of a mountain.
|
||||
9:7 j386 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction Mount Gerizim Jotham choosing **Mount Gerizim** as the place from which to shout his message was a symbolic action. In [Deuteronomy 11:29](../deu/11/29.md) and [Deuteronomy 27:12–26](../deu/27/12.md), Moses had commanded the Israelites to proclaim blessings for keeping Yahweh’s law from Mount Gerizim and curses for breaking Yahweh’s law from the facing Mount Ebal. [Joshua 8:32–34](../jos/08/32.md) records how Joshua carried out this command. So the location was a reminder of how the people of Israel would be blessed if they remained faithful to Yahweh and cursed if they did not. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “Mount Gerizim, where curses had been proclaimed against unfaithfulness to Yahweh”
|
||||
9:7 d3ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and he lifted his voice The author is using a common expression that means that Jotham spoke very loudly. (The rocky cliffs in this area would have amplified and projected his voice.) If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he shouted very loudly”
|
||||
9:7 j387 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Listen to me, lords of Shechem, that God may listen to you Jotham is implicitly making a threat that he assumes the lords of Shechem will understand. The implication of the threat is that God has sent Jotham to them with a message. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “If you do not listen to me, you lords of Shechem, then God will not listen to you when you pray, because I am bringing you a message from God”
|
||||
9:7 j388 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular Listen & to you Here and through the end of Jotham’s speech in verse 20, the pronouns **you** and “your” and are plural and imperative verbs have plural forms because Jotham is addressing a group of people, the **lords of Shechem**. So use plural forms in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
9:8 p19p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables Going, the trees went to anoint a king over them. To make the lords of Shechem recognize that they will have much trouble because they have made Abimelek their king, Jotham tells them a story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. You could also begin this story in the way that made-up stories usually begin in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Jotham told the lords of Shechem a story to make them realize that they would have much trouble because they had made Abimelek their king. He said, ‘Once upon a time the trees went to anoint a king over them”
|
||||
9:8 j389 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication Jotham is repeating the verb “go” (saying **Going** and **went**) in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “The trees went around looking for someone they could anoint as their king”
|
||||
9:8 j390 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes And they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “And they asked the olive tree to reign over them”
|
||||
9:8 ai6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative Reign over us This is an imperative, but it communicates a respectful request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a respectful request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please reign over us”
|
||||
9:9 j391 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes But the olive tree said to them, ‘Should I discontinue my fatness, which, by it, they honor gods and men, that I should go to wave over the trees?’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But the olive tree asked them whether it should discontinue its fatness, by which they honor gods and men, in order to go wave over the trees.”
|
||||
9:9 q6h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I discontinue my fatness, which, by it, they honor gods and men, that I should go to wave over the trees? The olive tree in the story is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I am not going to discontinue my fatness, by which they honor gods and men, in order to go wave over the trees!”
|
||||
|
||||
9:9 v5cc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Should I discontinue my fatness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **fatness**, you could express the same idea in another way. The tree is referring specifically to the oil that is made from its olives. Alternate translation: “Should I stop producing oil”
|
||||
9:9 b42t rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns which, by it, they honor gods and men Here, **they** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “by which gods and men are honored”
|
||||
9:9 ctc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural gods The word translated as **gods** is plural in form, but it could mean: (1) gods, as in the ULT. (2) God. Alternate translation: “God”
|
||||
9:9 a9cy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit that I should go to wave over the trees The olive tree is using the term **wave** to suggest implicitly that being a king over the other trees would not be as worthwhile or productive as continuing to make olives for oil. Trees stay rooted in the ground, so the olive tree is using the word **wave**, meaning to sway back and forth in the wind, to represent how kings go around taking care of various official matters. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. The UST models one way to do this.
|
||||
9:10 j392 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes So the trees said to the fig tree, ‘Come, you reign over us.’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “So the trees asked the fig tree to come and reign over them”
|
||||
9:10 j393 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns Come, you reign over us For emphasis, the trees are stating the pronoun **you**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated as **reign**. The idea is that if the olive tree will not be their king, then the trees would like the fig tree to be their king. Alternate translation: “Then you be the one to reign over us”
|
||||
9:11 df3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes But the fig tree said to them, ‘Should I discontinue my sweetness and my good fruit, that I should go to wave over the trees?’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But the fig tree asked them whether it should discontinue its sweetness and its good fruit in order to go wave over the trees.”
|
||||
9:11 bi3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I discontinue my sweetness and my good fruit, that I should go to wave over the trees? See how you translated the similar question in [9:9](../09/09.md). Alternate translation: “I am not going to discontinue my sweetness and my good fruit in order to go wave over the trees!”
|
||||
9:11 jkz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns my sweetness and my good fruit If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **sweetness**, you could express the same idea in another way. (The tree is expressing a single idea by using two phrases connected with **and**.) Alternate translation: “my good, sweet fruit”
|
||||
9:11 j394 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit that I should go to wave over the trees See how you translated the same expression in [9:9](../09/09.md).
|
||||
9:12 j395 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes So the trees said to the fig tree, ‘Come, you reign over us.’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “So the trees asked the vine to come and reign over them”
|
||||
9:12 j396 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns Come, you reign over us See how you translated the same expression in [9:10](../09/10.md). Alternate translation: “Then you be the one to reign over us”
|
||||
9:13 j397 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes But the vine said to them, ‘Should I discontinue my new wine, cheering gods and men, that I should go to wave over the trees?’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But the vine asked them whether it should discontinue its new wine, which cheers gods and men, in order to go wave over the trees.”
|
||||
9:13 i2y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I discontinue my new wine, cheering gods and men, that I should go to wave over the trees? See how you translated the similar question in [9:9](../09/09.md). Alternate translation: “I am not going to discontinue my new wine, which cheers gods and men, in order to go wave over the trees!”
|
||||
9:13 j398 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural gods The word translated as **gods** is plural in form, but it could mean: (1) gods, as in the ULT. (2) God. Alternate translation: “God”
|
||||
9:13 j399 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit that I should go to wave over the trees See how you translated the same expression in [9:9](../09/09.md).
|
||||
9:14 j400 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes So all of the trees said to the thornbush, ‘Come, you reign over us.’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “So all of the trees asked the thornbush to come and reign over them”
|
||||
9:14 j401 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So all of the trees With the word **all**, Jotham is implicitly including the trees that had refused to become king. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “So all of the trees, including the ones that could have become king themselves”
|
||||
9:14 j402 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns Come, you reign over us See how you translated the same expression in [9:10](../09/10.md). Alternate translation: “Then you be the one to reign over us”
|
||||
9:15 g1p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes And the thornbush said to the trees, ‘If in truth you are anointing me as king over you, come, shelter in my shade. But if not, may fire go forth from the thornbush and consume the cedars of Lebanon!’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “And the thornbush told the trees that if in truth they were anointing him as king over them, then they should come and shelter in his shade. But if not, then might fire go forth from the thornbush and consume the cedars of Lebanon.”
|
||||
9:15 cm8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns If in truth you are anointing me as king over you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. In this context. the word translated as **truth** refers to faithfully fulfilling relational responsibilities towards another person. The thornbush wants to make sure that the other trees sincerely want it to be their king and that they are not anointing it simply because the other trees refused. Alternate translation: “truly” or “in good faith”
|
||||
9:15 j403 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor come, shelter in my shade In the story, the thornbush is speaking as if the other trees would literally **shelter** in its **shade**, that is, find protection there from the heat of the sun. This was an image that people in this culture used to describe coming under the protection of a ruler and accordingly accepting an obligation to obey that ruler. [Isaiah 30:2](../isa/30/02.md), for example, speaks of the Judeans sheltering in the shadow of Egypt, meaning that they agreed to allow Pharaoh to rule them in exchange for his protection. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then obey me as your king”
|
||||
9:15 j404 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony come, shelter in my shade Jotham’s parable is designed to make the lords of Shechem realize that they have made a great mistake by giving Abimelek the means to kill all of his brothers and then anointing him as king. One way the parable does this is by having one of its characters, the thornbush, say something that is the opposite of the way things really are. A thornbush does not create any **shade** in which anyone or anything can **shelter**. Similarly, Abimelek will not do anything worthwhile for the people of Shechem. He will only cause great trouble for them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could reflect in your translation how what the thornbush says is the opposite of the way things are. Alternate translation: “come under the shade of my tiny branches”
|
||||
9:15 hvs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis But if not The thornbush is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “But if you are not anointing me in truth” or “But if you are not sincerely intending to obey me as your king”
|
||||
9:15 j405 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification may fire go forth from the thornbush and consume the cedars of Lebanon The thornbush is speaking of **fire** as if it were a living thing that could **go forth** by itself. It is actually making a threat that it will start a fire if it discovers that the other trees have not anointed it king sincerely, that is, if they are not going to obey it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then I will start a fire that will burn up even the cedars of Lebanon”
|
||||
9:15 xn44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person the thornbush The thornbush is speaking about itself in the third person, as subjects would speak of and to a king in this culture. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “me”
|
||||
9:16 j406 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical So now, if you have acted in truth and in integrity and made Abimelek reign, and if you have done good with Jerubaal and with his house, and if according to the deserving of his hands you have done to him In verses 16–19, Jotham is describing a condition in which a second event should take place only if a first event has taken place. He makes a series of “if” statements in verses 16 and 19 (suggesting in verses 17 and 18 that these statements are not actually true), and then in the second half of verse 19 he says what the lords of Shechem should do if they have done what he has described. These verses are all one long sentence. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could translate them as a series of shorter sentences. Alternate translation: “So now, suppose you have acted in truth and in integrity and made Abimelek reign. Suppose you have done good with Jerubaal and with his house. Suppose that according to the deserving of his hands you have done to him.”
|
||||
9:16 ayq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases So now, if you have acted Jotham has finished telling the story of the trees, and he is using the expression **So now** to introduce his explanation of the implications of the story. You could indicate this more explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Now this is how my story applies to you: if you have acted”
|
||||
9:16 j407 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns if you have acted in truth and in integrity and made Abimelek reign If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **truth** and **integrity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “if you have acted truly and genuinely and made Abimelek reign”
|
||||
9:16 j408 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys if you have acted in truth and in integrity and made Abimelek reign Jotham is expressing a single idea by using two phrases connected with **and**. Alternate translation: “if you have acted truly and genuinely by making Abimelek reign”
|
||||
9:16 j409 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit if you have acted in truth and in integrity and made Abimelek reign In his explanation of the parable, Jotham carries the implications of the idea of **truth** one step farther than in the parable. That term refers to faithfully fulfilling relational responsibilities towards another person. In a sense, just as the trees were not doing right by the thornbush by anointing it king just because the other trees refused, so the lords of Shechem are not doing right by Abimelek by supporting his murderous plot to become king. They should have encouraged him to be honest and humble and peaceful instead. But the person they are most significantly not doing right by is Gideon. Jotham will develop this idea at length in the verses that follow. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “if you have really been fair to Gideon by making Abimelek reign”
|
||||
9:16 j410 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet in truth and in integrity The terms **truth** and **integrity** mean similar things. Jotham is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “with complete sincerity”
|
||||
9:16 nu7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his house Here, **house** means all the people descended from a particular person. Alternate translation: “his descendants”
|
||||
9:16 j411 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy according to the deserving of his hands Jotham is using the word **hands** to mean to what his father **Jerubaal** (Gideon) did for the Israelites, by association with the way people use their hands to do things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “according to what his actions deserved”
|
||||
9:17 x8ae rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical that my father fought for you and threw his life in front and delivered you from the hand of Midian— If you have decided to translate the long sentence in verses 16–19 as a series of shorter sentences, you could make this verse a sentence of its own. Alternate translation: “Now consider how my father fought for you and threw his life in front and delivered you from the hand of Midian.”
|
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9:17 fpm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Jotham is providing background information to remind the lords of Shechem what Gideon had done for the Israelites. They already know this information, but he is bringing it their attention and emphasizing it to show that they have not treated Gideon and his family “according to the deserving of his hands,” as he said in the previous verse. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. Alternate translation: “considering that”
|
||||
9:17 j412 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and threw his life in front Jotham is using a common expression that means that Gideon risked his life by leading the armies of Israel and thus going **in front** of them into battle against the Midianites. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. You could also state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and put his life on the line” or “and risked his life”
|
||||
9:18 j413 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast but today you have arisen against the house of my father and have killed his sons, 70 men upon one stone, and you have made Abimelek, the son of his female slave, reign over the lords of Shechem because he is your brother— The word translated as **but** shows that in this verse, Jotham is drawing a contrast between the way the lords of Shechem should implicitly have treated Gideon and what they actually did to his descendants. In your translation, introduce this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Since this contrasting material is supplemental to the if-then condition that Jotham develops over the course of verses 16–19, you may want to use punctuation to set it apart in some way, such as by setting it off with dashes, as the ULT does, or by putting it in parentheses.
|
||||
9:18 j414 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical but today you have arisen against the house of my father and have killed his sons, 70 men upon one stone, and you have made Abimelek, the son of his female slave, reign over the lords of Shechem because he is your brother— If you have decided to translate the long sentence in verses 16–19 as a series of shorter sentences, you could make this verse a sentence of its own. You may wish to state some implicit ideas explicitly for the sake of continuity. Alternate translation: “But you have not treated my father and his family fairly. Instead, today you have arisen against them and have killed his sons, 70 men upon one stone, and you have made Abimelek, the son of his female slave, reign over the lords of Shechem because he is your brother.”
|
||||
9:18 cr5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom have arisen Jotham is using the word **arisen** within a common expression in which it ordinarily describes subjects revolting against their rulers. In [8:23](../08/23.md), Gideon refused to become king and to have his son and grandson be kings after him, so the lords of Shechem did not literally revolt against the rule of Gideon’s family. Jotham’s point may be that if anyone were to be their king, it should have been Gideon’s legal heirs (just as the olive tree, fig tree, and grapevine would have made better kings than the thornbush), so in that sense making Abimelek king was a revolt against those who should have been accepted as authorities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have revolted”
|
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9:18 i5zw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the house of See how you translated the term **house** in [9:16](../09/16.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of”
|
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9:18 c154 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the son of his female slave The author says in [8:31](../08/31.md) that Abimelek’s mother was Gideon’s “concubine.” This means that she was a legal but secondary wife whose children did not have inheritance rights. While female slaves sometimes did become the concubines of their masters, not every concubine was a female slave. Abimelek’s mother seems to have come from a family of standing in Shechem; Gideon may have married her as a concubine rather than as a full wife because she was a foreigner, from the surviving Canaanite population of Shechem. So Jotham is disparaging her by calling her a **female slave**. His main point seems to be that Abimelek has no rights of inheritance and thus no claim to become king. (Unfortunately Gideon suggested otherwise when he named this son Abimelek, meaning “my father is king.”) You could bring out this emphasis in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “who has no rights of inheritance and so no claim to become king as Gideon’s son”
|
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9:18 j415 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is your brother See how you translated the term **brother** in [9:3](../09/03.md). Alternate translation: “is your kinsman”
|
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9:19 cwl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical now if you have acted in truth and in integrity with Jerubbaal and with his house this day, rejoice in Abimelek, and may he also rejoice in you. Jotham is concluding the long hypothetical statement he began in [9:16](../06/16.md). He is repeating the **if** part of it for clarity, since he has said many other things after first stating that part. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explicitly state the implied “then” before that part of the statement. If you have been translating verses 16–19 as a series of shorter sentences, you could make this verse a sentence of its own and indicate that Jotham is introducing his conclusion here. Alternate translation: “So to conclude, if you have acted in truth and in integrity with Jerubbaal and with his house this day, then rejoice in Abimelek, and may he also rejoice in you”
|
||||
9:19 r5ce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet in truth and in integrity & his house See how you translated these expressions in [9:16](../09/16.md). Alternate translation: “with complete sincerity … his descendants”
|
||||
9:20 rv9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical But if not, may fire go forth Jotham is describing a further condition in which a second event would take place if a first event had. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explicitly state the implied “then” before the second part of this statement. Alternate translation: “But if not, then may fire go forth”
|
||||
9:20 j416 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis But if not Jotham is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “But if you have not acted in truth and in integrity with Jerubbaal and with his house this day”
|
||||
9:20 g8i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor may fire go forth from Abimelek and may it consume the lords of Shechem and Beth Millo, and may fire go forth from the lords of Shechem and from Beth Millo and may it consume Abimelek Jotham is speaking as if **fire** would literally **go forth** from Abimelek and burn up the lords of Shechem and Beth Millo and as if fire from them would also burn up Abimelek. Jotham is using fire to represent the destruction of warfare. He means that, if Abimelek and the lords of Shechem have not treated Gideon and his family right, then he hopes and expects that they will turn against each other and fight a war and destroy each other. (Part of what he said actually was fulfilled literally, when Abimelek burned the tower of Shechem, as verse 49 describes.) If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “may Abimelek and you lords of Shechem fight a war against each other that destroys all of you”
|
||||
9:21 j417 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit escaped and fled While the words **escaped** and **fled** mean similar things, the author does not seem to be using them together for emphasis (for example, to mean “hurriedly ran away”) or to express a single idea through them (for example, to mean “escaped by running away”). He seems to mean implicitly that Jotham **escaped** from Shechem, that is, he was able to shout his message without being captures, and then **fled** to the city of Beer where he was apparently safe from Abimelek. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “escaped from Shechem and fled for safety”
|
||||
9:21 pan4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names The word **Beer** is the name of a city.
|
||||
9:21 j418 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the face of Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “from the presence of” or “where he was safe from”
|
||||
9:21 j419 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship his brother Jotham and Abimelek had the same father but not the same mother. Your language may have its own term or expression for this relationship. Alternate translation: “his father’s son”
|
||||
9:22 j420 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Israel The author is using all of **Israel** to mean one part of Israel. The narrative suggests that Abimelek ruled primarily over the city of Shechem and its surrounding towns. (Recall from [1:7](../01/07.md) that in Canaan at this time, each city and town had a ruler who had the title of “king.”) His authority and influence may have extended somewhat farther from there, through the territory of Ephraim and possibly into neighboring tribes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that part of Israel”
|
||||
9:23 bv9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Then God sent a bad spirit between Abimelek and between the lords of Shechem The word **spirit** could refer to: (1) the attitude that Abimelek and the lords of Shechem had towards one another. This would be the same meaning as in [8:3](../08/03.md), “their spirit abated toward him,” which means, “they no longer had a hostile attitude toward him.” Alternate translation: “Then God caused hostility between Abimelek and the lords of Shechem” (2) a spiritual being. Alternate translation: “Then God sent a spiritual being that caused Abimelek and the lords of Shechem to fight with each other”
|
||||
9:23 j421 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent Then The author is introducing a new event in the story. The ULT indicates this with the word **Then**. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event.
|
||||
9:24 xf1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result the violence of the 70 sons of Jerubbaal to come, and their blood to put, upon Abimelek This verse is giving the reason why God “sent a bad spirit,” as the previous verse described. It is not indicating why or how the lords of Shechem “dealt treacherously” with Abimelek. You may wish to clarify this for your readers. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “God did this so that the violence of the 70 sons of Jerubbaal would come upon, and to put their blood upon, Abimelek”
|
||||
9:24 j422 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession the violence of the 70 sons of Jerubbaal The author is using this possessive form to describe the **violence** that was committed against **the 70 sons of Jerubbaal**, not to describe any violence that they committed. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the violence that was committed against the 70 sons of Jerubbaal” or “the violence that the 70 sons of Jerubbaal suffered”
|
||||
9:24 j423 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and their blood to put, upon Abimelek their brother who killed them The expression **to put** the **blood** of one person on another means to hold responsible and punish that other person for killing the first one. This expression uses the term **blood** by association to mean death. Alternate translation: “and to hold their brother Abimelek, who killed them, responsible for their deaths” or “and to avenge their deaths by punishing their brother Abimelek, who killed them”
|
||||
9:24 j424 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship their brother & his brothers See how you translated the term “brother” in [9:21](../09/21.md). Alternate translation: “their father’s son … his father’s sons”
|
||||
9:24 j425 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who strengthened his hands This expression means that the lords of Shechem enabled Abimelek to do something he could not otherwise have done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who enabled him” or “who gave him the means”
|
||||
9:25 b7tx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit against him The phrase **against him** could mean: (1) to the disadvantage of Abimelek, that is, discrediting his authority and undermining the stability of his rule. Alternate translation: “to his disadvantage” (2) to watch for Abimelek and try to capture him. Alternate translation: “to try to capture him”
|
||||
9:25 j426 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit on the tops of the hills By **hills**, the author may mean Mount Gerizim and Mount Ebal. (This word can describe either hills or mountains.) The city of Shechem was in a valley between those two mountains. See how you translated the expression “on the top of Mount Gerizim” in [9:7](../09/07.md). Alternate translation: “up high on Mount Gerizim and Mount Ebal”
|
||||
9:25 pd3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive and it was told to Abimelek If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and someone told Abimelek about this”
|
||||
9:26 r2ue rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names The words **Gaal** and **Ebed** are the names of men.
|
||||
9:26 j427 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor with his brothers Here the term **brothers** probably does not describe men who have the same parents. It could be referring to: (1) a band of men who traveled about with Gaal. Some of them may have been related to him, but they were not all necessarily his relatives. Alternate translation: “with a band of men” (2) men who were related to Gaal but who were not all necessarily his literal brothers. Alternate translation: “with some of his kinsmen”
|
||||
9:27 i6sf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And they went out The author is using the pronoun **they** to mean the people of the city of Shechem. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And the people of Shechem went out”
|
||||
9:27 j428 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and cut off their vineyards The author is using the term **vineyards** by association to mean the grapes on the vines in the vineyards. Alternate translation: “and cut clusters of grapes off the vines in their vineyards”
|
||||
9:27 r8w9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and trod The author is leaving some information implicit that he assumes readers will understand. He means that the people of Shechem **trod** on the grapes that they had picked. That is, they stepped on them to squeeze the juice out of them so that they could make wine from it. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and squeezed the grapes to make wine”
|
||||
9:27 j429 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown and they made offerings Based on its one other use in [Leviticus 19:24](../lev/19/24.md), the term translated as **offerings** refers to fruit that people brought into a temple and ate, or drank as juice, as part of a harvest thanksgiving celebration. Alternate translation: “and they prepared fruit offerings to give thanks for their harvest”
|
||||
9:27 d9l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor {into} the house of their god The author is speaking of the temple of the **god** that the people of Shechem worshiped as if it were a **house** in which that false god lived. See how you translated the similar expression in [9:4](../09/04.md). Alternate translation: “into the temple of their god”
|
||||
9:28 w9hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion “Who {is} Abimelek, and who {is} Shechem, that we should serve him? {Is he} not the son of Jerubbaal, and {is not} Zebul his deputy? Gaal is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate these questions as statements or exclamations. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelek, even though he is from Shechem! After all, he is the son of Jerubbaal! And Zebul is just somebody he appointed.”
|
||||
9:28 j430 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Who {is} Abimelek, and who {is} Shechem, that we should serve him? Gaal is using the name **Shechem** by association to mean Abimelek, probably because Abimelek is from Shechem. Alternate translation: “Who is Abimelek? Who is this man from Shechem, that we should serve him?”
|
||||
9:28 dfp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Who {is} Abimelek, and who {is} Shechem, that we should serve him? The first two phrases mean basically the same thing. Gaal is referring to the same person by the names **Abimelek** and **Shechem**. However, there is a slight difference in meaning. The second phrase makes a mild concession, indicating that perhaps there is some basis to serve Abimelek, since he is from the city of Shechem and his mother is related to the people who live there. (In [9:3](../09/03.md), the people of the city say of Abimelek, “He is our brother,” meaning “our kinsman.”) You may wish to indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “Why should we serve Abimelek, even though he is from Shechem?”
|
||||
9:28 j431 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive that we should serve him Gaal is using the pronoun **we** to refer to himself and his listeners, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
9:28 a6ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit {Is he} not the son of Jerubbaal Gaal is implicitly suggesting a reason why the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelek. His point is that Abimelek is the son of somebody outside their people group, an Israelite. Gaal may be using the name Jerubbaal instead of Gideon to make a further point, that Abimelek’s father opposed the worship of Baal, while the people of Shechem are devoted to Baal. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “He is the son of Jerubbaal, an Israelite who opposed the worship of Baal”
|
||||
9:28 j432 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants and {is not} Zebul his deputy? Serve the men of Hamor The author could have indicated in [9:22](../09/22.md), when he briefly described Abimelek’s reign, that Abimelek appointed a man named Zebul as his **deputy** to govern Shechem when he was not present there. However, the author is instead reporting what Gaal said at this festival as a way of introducing **Zebul** as a new participant in the story. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain this as background information. Alternate translation: “and is not Zebul his deputy?’ (Abimelek had appointed a man named Zebul to govern Shechem when he was not present there.) ‘Serve the men of Hamor”
|
||||
9:28 b36z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names The word **Zebul** is the name of a man.
|
||||
9:28 j433 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural Serve the men of Hamor Gaal may be using the plural form **men** to indicate what the people of Shechem should regularly do. However, on this occasion, he means that they should serve a specific descendant of Hamor, their ancestor, instead of Abimelek. Alternate translation: “You should always be serving one of the descendants of Hamor” or “You should be serving a fellow descendant of Hamor instead”
|
||||
9:28 rq5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the father of Shechem While a man named **Hamor** had literally been the **father** of a man named **Shechem** ([Genesis 34:2](../gen/34/02.md)), Gaal probably means that Hamor was the ancestor of the people who lived in Shechem. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the founder of Shechem” or “the ancestor of the people of Shechem”
|
||||
9:28 j434 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns But why should we ourselves serve him? For emphasis, Gaal is stating a pronoun whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **serve**. The ULT translates this stated pronoun with the intensive pronoun **ourselves**. Gaal seems to be drawing an explicit contrast between the people of Shechem and Abimelek in terms of ancestry. Alternate translation: “But why should we, who are descendants of Hamor, serve Abimelek, who is an Israelite?”
|
||||
9:28 ju72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion But why should we ourselves serve him? Gaal is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “But we ourselves should not serve Abimelek!”
|
||||
9:29 v1e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Now who will give this people into my hand? The question **who will give** was a characteristic way for a Hebrew speaker to introduce a wish. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this question as a statement or exclamation expressing a wish. Alternate translation: “I wish that someone would give this people into my hand!”
|
||||
9:29 j435 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Now who will give this people into my hand? Here, **hand** represents the power that one person has over another person or over a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I wish that someone would give me power over this people!” or “I wish that someone would make me the ruler of this people!”
|
||||
9:29 j436 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe And he said to Abimelek, ‘Increase your army and come out.’” Gaal is speaking to Abimelek even though he is not present and cannot hear him. Gaal is doing this to show in a strong way how he feels about Abimelek. He is actually speaking to the people who can hear him, the others who are present at this feast. If your readers might not understand why Gaal is speaking to someone who is not present, you could translate his words as if he were speaking directly to others who are present. You could also describe what Gaal is doing here, as the UST does. Alternate translation, continuing the direct quotation: “I would fight against him and his whole army and defeat him!”
|
||||
9:29 j437 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Increase your army Gaal is probably not saying that Abimelek should seek a larger number of troops than are already at his disposal. He is probably saying that even if Abimelek summoned all of the men who would willingly serve in his army, he would not be afraid to fight a battle with him. (Abimelek probably ordinarily traveled with just a small number of bodyguards, and Gaal is boasting that he could defeat a much larger force than that.) You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “mobilize your forces”
|
||||
9:30 a53k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the words of Gaal The author is using the term **words** to represent what Gaal said by using words. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what Gaal said”
|
||||
9:30 u13b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and his nose burned See how you translated the similar expression in [2:14](../02/14.md). Alternate translation: “and he became furious”
|
||||
9:31 u898 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in deceit If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **deceit**, you could express the same idea in another way. The idea is that Zebul sent the messengers openly but pretended that he was sending them for some other reason. The idea is not that Zebul sent the messengers secretly so that no one knew he had sent them. Alternate translation: “deceitfully”
|
||||
9:31 j438 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and his brothers {are} come to Shechem See how you translated the similar expression in [9:26](../09/26.md). Alternate translation: “has come to Shechem with a band of men”
|
||||
9:31 gvg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the city Zebul’s messengers are using the term **city** by association to mean the people of the city. Alternate translation: “the people of the city”
|
||||
9:32 j18v rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases So now The messengers are not using the word **now** to mean “at this moment.” They are using the word to draw attention to the important point that follows. Alternate translation: “So this is what you should do:”
|
||||
9:32 j439 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative arise & and hide While these are imperatives, the messengers are using them to communicate a recommendation from Zebul rather than a command. Translate them with a form that someone would use in your language to address a superior. Alternate translation: “I would recommend that you arise … and hide”
|
||||
9:32 j440 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom arise See how you translated this word in [4:14](../04/14.md). While Abimelek and his troops would have to get up out of bed in order to travel to Shechem **at night**, the meaning is not simply that they should do that, but that they should take action to defeat the rebellion. Alternate translation: “get going” or, perhaps more deferentially, “take action”
|
||||
9:32 mrh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and hide in the field The verb translated as **hide** here is the same one that was translated as “ambushers” in [9:25](../09/25.md). The implicit idea is that Abimelek and his troops will hide not just so that they cannot be seen, but so that they can launch a surprise attack in the morning. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and set an ambush in the field”
|
||||
9:32 j441 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the field Since [9:36](../09/36.md) indicates that Abimelek and his troops launched their attack from “the tops of the hills,” and the people of Shechem grew their crops in the valley between the hills, not up on the hills, the messengers are probably using the word **field** to mean the open area outside the city. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “in the countryside”
|
||||
9:33 j442 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative And it will happen in the morning, & you will start early and you will rush against the city & and you will do to him The messengers are using verb forms that could make a future statement to continue to convey a recommendation from Zebul. As in the previous verse, translate them with a form that someone would use in your language to address a superior. Alternate translation: “That way, in the morning … you will be able to start early and rush against the city … and you will be able to do to him”
|
||||
9:33 j443 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular you will start early and you will rush & against you, and you will do & your hand The words **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse because the messengers are addressing Abimelek directly. However, they are speaking of what he and his troops will do, so it may be more natural for you to use plural forms if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
9:33 j444 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns he The pronoun **he** refers to Gaal. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Gaal”
|
||||
9:33 k1f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom according to what your hand finds The messengers are using a common expression that means that Abimelek would do what the opportunity allowed and the situation directed. In other words, Zebul was not making any further recommendation about what Abimelek should do at this point but leaving it to his discretion. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as the opportunity presents”
|
||||
9:34 be8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom arose See how you translated the similar expression in [9:32](../09/32.md). Alternate translation: “got going”
|
||||
9:34 j445 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and they ambushed against Shechem The verb translated as **ambushed** here is the same one that was translated as “ambushers” in [9:25](../09/25.md) and as “hide” in [9:32](../09/32.md). Abimelek and his troops followed Zebul’s advice to hide so that they could not be seen and so that they could launch a surprise attack in the morning. Alternate translation: “and they set up an ambush against Shechem”
|
||||
9:35 j446 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And Gaal, the son of Ebed, went out and stood in the entrance of the gate of the city See the discussion of this verse in the General Notes to this chapter. Since the author does not say explicitly why Gaal **stood in the entrance of the gate of the city**, it would probably be best to say no more about this in your translation than the original text does.
|
||||
9:35 j447 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom arose from the ambush In this context, the word **arose** does refer literally to standing up from a sitting or lying position. Alternate translation: “stood up from where they had been hiding”
|
||||
9:36 j448 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to Zebul The author expects readers to understand implicitly that Zebul had gone out to the city gate with Gaal. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to Zebul, who had gone out to the gate with him”
|
||||
9:36 gz9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit But Zebul said to him The author expects readers to understand implicitly that Zebul is not sharing an honest opinion with Gaal. Zebul is trying to deceive him into thinking that Abimelek has not yet arrived, so that Gaal will not be able to prepare his defenses sufficiently. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “But Zebul said to him deceptively”
|
||||
9:37 j449 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural people {are} coming down Here the expression **coming down** is plural, even though the subject, **people**, is singular. In the previous verse, with the same subject, “coming down” was singular. This suggests that Gaal was speaking of a single group of people in the previous verse and that here he is using **people** in a collective sense to mean several groups of people. He is now able to distinguish the separate companies, as Abimelek’s troops get closer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you may wish to reflect this distinction in your translation. The UST models one way to do that.
|
||||
9:37 j450 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate the navel of the land This expression could be: (2) a description of some geographic feature. Alternate translation: “the center of the land” or “the crest of that hill” (1) the name of one of the hills around Shechem. Gaal could be pointing out a specific location by name, as he does later in the verse by naming a large tree. If you represent this as a name, you could translate the meaning into your own language, or you could use the words of the Hebrew text and spell them the way they sound in your language. Alternate translation: “the Navel of the Land” or “Tabbur-haarez”
|
||||
9:37 j451 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate the Oak of the Diviners This expression could be: (1) the name of a large tree near Shechem. You could translate the meaning of this name into your own language, or you could use the words of the Hebrew text and spell them the way they sound in your language. Alternate translation: “the Fortunetellers’ Tree” or “Elon-meonenim” (2) a description of some geographic feature. Alternate translation: “that large tree over there where people tell fortunes”
|
||||
9:38 j452 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy “Where now {is} your mouth, by which you said, ‘Who {is} Abimelek, that we should serve him?’ Zebul is referring to the confidence that led Gaal to boast against Abimelek by association with the **mouth** with which Gaal made this boast. Alternate translation: “Where now is the confidence that led you to say, ‘Who {is} Abimelek, that we should serve him?’”
|
||||
9:38 qap7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion “Where now {is} your mouth, by which you said, ‘Who {is} Abimelek, that we should serve him?’ Zebul is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You no longer seem as confident as when you said, ‘Who {is} Abimelek, that we should serve him?’”
|
||||
9:38 j453 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes by which you said, ‘Who {is} Abimelek, that we should serve him?’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “by which you asked who Abimelek was, that you should serve him”
|
||||
9:38 fub2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who {is} Abimelek, that we should serve him? If you translated the similar expression in [9:28](../09/28.md) as a statement or an exclamation, you could do the same thing here. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelek!”
|
||||
9:38 j454 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive that we should serve him In the statement he made in [9:28](../09/28.md), which Zebul is quoting here, Gaal was using the pronoun **we** to refer to himself and his listeners, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. If you translate this statement as an indirect quotation, the word “you” that is equivalent to **we** should be plural.
|
||||
9:38 qdj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion {Is} this not the people that you despised? Gaal is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “These is the people that you despised!”
|
||||
9:38 j455 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns against it Gaal is thinking of these **people** as a group and so he is using the singular pronoun **it**. It may be more natural in your language to use a plural pronoun. Alternate translation: “against them”
|
||||
9:39 j456 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche So Gaal went out & and he fought with Abimelek. As the General Introduction to Judges discuss, the author is using **Gaal** and **Abimelek** to represent them and their armies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “So Gaal led his soldiers into battle … against Abimelek and his soldiers”
|
||||
9:39 j457 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to the face of the lords of Shechem This could mean: (1) that the **lords of Shechem** watched as Gaal went out to fight Abimelek. They may have wanted to see whether he could fulfill the boasts he made in [9:29](../09/29.md) when he said he wanted to be their ruler. Alternate translation: “as the lords of Shechem watched” (2) that Gaal led the **lords of Shechem** and their men into battle. This seems less likely, as the story only describes the people of Shechem going out of the city the next day. Alternate translation: “as the commander of the lords of Shechem and their men”
|
||||
9:40 j458 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche And Abimelek pursued him The author is using the last thing that happened in this battle to mean everything that happened in the battle. Abimelek and his army defeated Gaal and his men, so they retreated, and Abimelek **pursued** them. Alternate translation: “And Abimelek routed him” or “And Abimelek defeated him so that he gave up and retreated”
|
||||
9:40 j459 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj wounded The author is using the adjective **wounded** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “wounded soldiers”
|
||||
9:40 p7lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy fell The author is using the word **fell** to mean “died,” by association with the way that people fall down when they die. Alternate translation: “died”
|
||||
9:40 j460 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit unto the entrance of the gate The implication is that Gaal’s men would have been safe if they had been able to go through the **gate** back into the city. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “before they could get safely back inside the city gate”
|
||||
9:41 y21z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names The word **Arumah** is the name of a town. It was about five miles away from Shechem.
|
||||
9:41 j461 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and his brothers See how you translated the same expression in [9:26](../09/26.md). Alternate translation: “and his band of men”
|
||||
9:42 j462 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense went out It is clear from the narrative that this action was not completed by the time it was **reported** to Abimelek. It was something that the people were planning to do and that was in process. It may be more natural in your language to use a different verb tense to indicate this. Alternate translation: “were going out”
|
||||
9:42 j463 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns to the field The author is using the word **field** to mean all of the cultivated land around Shechem. It may be more natural in your language to use the plural form of that word, here and in the next two verses. Alternate translation: “to the fields”
|
||||
9:42 em2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns and they reported {this} to Abimelek The pronoun **they** is indefinite here; it does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “and this was reported to Abimelek”
|
||||
9:43 j464 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the people & the people In its first instance in this verse, the expression **the people** refers to Abimelek’s army, as in [9:34–38](../01/01.md). In its second instance, this expression refers to the citizens of Shechem, as in [9:42](../09/42.md). You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. The UST models one way to do this.
|
||||
9:43 e8ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and hid See how you translated the word “hide” in [9:32](../09/32.md). Alternate translation: “and set an ambush”
|
||||
9:44 j465 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases For Abimelek In this verse, the author provides fuller details about how Abimelek and his soldiers killed the people of Shechem who had gone out into the fields, as he described briefly at the end of the previous verse. The ULT indicates this with the word **For**. Your language may have a connecting word that you can use in your translation to indicate that this verse is providing fuller details about what the author has just said.
|
||||
9:44 h6g9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And they stood The context indicates that the pronoun **they** refers Abimelek and the soldiers who were with him in one of the three **companies** into which he had divided his army. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And Abimelek and the men who were with him in one company stood”
|
||||
9:44 a246 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit {at} the entrance of the gate of the city The author means implicitly that Abimelek and one group of soldiers went to the **gate of the city** to keep anyone who was in the fields from getting back into the city for safety. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “{at} the entrance of the gate of the city to keep anyone from getting back into the city for safety”
|
||||
9:45 j466 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and sowed it {with} salt The author is speaking as if Abimelek literally took **salt** and **sowed** it as seed that would grow up from the ground. He means that Abimelek scattered salt all over the ruins of Shechem the way people in this culture scattered seed that they were planting. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and scattered salt all over it”
|
||||
9:45 t928 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction and sowed it {with} salt Scattering salt all over the ruins of Shechem was a symbolic action. Abimelek did this to express the wish that the city would always be an uninhabited wasteland, like a salt desert. It was as if he was saying, “May no one ever live here again.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “and sowed it {with} salt to express the wish that it would always be an uninhabited wasteland”
|
||||
9:46 j467 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants the lords of the tower of Shechem These are probably old participants in the story, that is, people whom the author has mentioned earlier. They seem to be the same people who are described in [9:6](../09/06.md) as “Beth Millo,” officers from a military post near the city that included its defensive tower. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “the officers of the military post that included the tower of Shechem”
|
||||
9:46 lty1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the house of See how you translated the same expression in [9:4](../09/04.md). Alternate translation: “the temple of”
|
||||
9:46 kw6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names El-Berith The expression **El-Berith** seems to be another name for the false god that is called Baal-Berith in [8:33](../08/33.md) and [9:4](../09/04.md). El-Berith means “god of the covenant,” while Baal-Berith means “master of the covenant.” So that readers will know that this is the same false god, you could use the name Baal-Berith here, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “their false god”
|
||||
9:47 hnv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive And it was reported to Abimelek If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And someone reported to Abimelek”
|
||||
9:48 h1s8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names The word **Zalmon** is the name of a mountain near Shechem.
|
||||
9:48 j468 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom took axes in his hand In this context, as the similar uses in [1 Samuel 14:34](../1sa/14/34.md) and [Jeremiah 38:10](../jer/38/10.md) show, this expression means that Abimelek brought axes with him. That is, he had his men bring as many axes with them as they could. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “brought axes with him” or “had his men bring axes with them”
|
||||
9:49 thc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and they burned the citadel upon them with fire This could mean: (1) that Abimelek and his men burned the citadel by means of the branches. Alternate translation: “and they used them to burn the citadel with fire” (2) that the flames from the branches went up and burned the walls and tower of the citadel. Alternate translation: “and they burned with fire the citadel that was above the branches”
|
||||
9:49 j469 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo and they burned the citadel upon them with fire It might seem that the expression **burned … with fire** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “and they used them to set fire to the citadel” or “and they burned the citadel with them”
|
||||
9:50 j8hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names The word **Thebez** is the name of a town.
|
||||
9:50 nyj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The author is leaving some information implicit that he assumes readers will understand. The people of **Thebez** had apparently also rebelled against Abimelek. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. The UST models one way to do this.
|
||||
9:51 j470 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole and all of the men and women and all of the lords of the city The author is making an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “and a large number of the men and women and of the lords of the city”
|
||||
9:52 jgq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and fought with it The author is using the tower, represented by the pronoun **it**, by association to mean the people who were in the tower. Alternate translation: “and fought with the people who were in the tower”
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9:52 j471 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo to burn it with fire See how you translated the similar expression in [9:49](../09/49.md). Alternate translation: “to set it on fire” or “to burn it down”
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9:53 j472 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants But one woman The author is using the phrase **one woman** to introduce this woman as a participant in the story. While she has only a brief role, it is an important one. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “But a certain woman”
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9:53 z9j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown an upper millstone A **millstone** was a large, flat, round stone that was used to grind grain. Two of these stones were used together, with the grain between them. The **upper millstone** was the top one that was rolled on the lower one to crush the grain. If your readers would not be familiar with this object, in your translation you could use the name of a similar thing that your readers would recognize, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a heavy stone”
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9:54 j473 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes lest they say about me, ‘A woman killed him.’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “lest they say about me that a woman killed me”
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9:55 j474 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the men of Israel The author assumes that his readers will know that the people of Thebez were Canaanites and that he can therefore use the phrase **the men of Israel** to mean the soldiers who were fighting with Abimelek against Thebez. (Apparenly many Israelites were loyal to Abimelek, even though it was the Canaanites who lived in Shechem who first made him king on the basis that he had a Canaanite mother.) You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And the Israelites who had been supporting Abimelek”
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9:56 j475 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory So God turned back the evil of Abimelek, which he did to his father by killing his 70 brothers. In this verse and the next one, the author concludes the story by explaining that God punished Abimelek and the men of Shechem for what they did to Gideon’s family. Your language may have its own way of concluding a story.
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9:56 j476 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So God turned back the evil of Abimelek The author is speaking as if the **evil** that Abimelek did had literally been moving away from him and God **turned** it **back** so that it returned to him and harmed him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “So God made Abimelek experience the same kind of harm he had done to other people”
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9:56 j477 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the evil of Abimelek, which he did to his father If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **evil**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the evil thing that Abimelek had done to his father”
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9:57 fx65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And all of the evil of the men of Shechem, God turned back upon their head The expression **turned back** has the same meaning here as in the previous verse, except that the author speaks more fully of the **evil** that the **men of Shechem** did as if God literally made it come back and land **upon their head**. While he is using one part of them, their **head**, to represent all of them, this expression is especially apt in light of the story, in which Abimelek dies when a heavy stone lands on his head. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And God also made the people of Shechem experience painfully the same kind of harm that they had done to other people”
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9:57 j478 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns And all of the evil of the men of Shechem If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **evil**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “And all of the evil things that the men of Shechem had done”
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9:57 j479 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations the men of Shechem Here the masculine term **men** seems to have a generic sense. The author specifies in [9:49](../09/49.md) that both “men and women” died when the tower of Shechem burned, so this summary reference to that punishment would include both men and women. Alternate translation: “the people of Shechem”
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9:57 j480 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns their head Since the author is referring to a group of people, if you retain this image in your translation, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **head**. Alternate translation: “their heads”
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9:57 hua1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and the curse of Jotham, the son of Jerubbaal, came upon them The author is speaking as if the **curse of Jotham** literally **came upon** the people of Shechem. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and everything happened to them just as Jotham, the son of Jerubbaal, said it would when he cursed them”
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10:intro zqn2 0 # Judges 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the account of Jephthah ([Judges 10–12](./01.md)).\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Israel’s punishment\nIn Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
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10:1 g7ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tola … Puah … Dodo 0 These are names of men.
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10:1 ti4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shamir 0 This is the name of a place.
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Reference in New Issue