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@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
9:3 p6e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שָֽׁלְחָ֣ה נַעֲרֹתֶ֣י⁠הָ תִקְרָ֑א 1 In this verse, wisdom is spoken of as if it were a wealthy woman who has servants and **calls out** in public. See the discussion of such personification in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “It is as if wisdom were a woman who has sent out her young women and calls out”
9:3 akl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָֽׁלְחָ֣ה נַעֲרֹתֶ֣י⁠הָ 1 Solomon implies that the **young women** were **sent out** in order to invite people to the meal that Wisdom had prepared. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “She has sent out her young women to invite people to the meal”
9:3 n6ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַל־גַּ֝פֵּ֗י מְרֹ֣מֵי 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “the head of the heights” in [8:2](../08/02.md).
9:4 vxav rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure מִי־פֶ֭תִי יָסֻ֣ר הֵ֑נָּה חֲסַר־לֵ֝֗ב אָ֣מְרָה לּֽ⁠וֹ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “She says to him lacking of heart, ‘Whoever is naive, let him turn aside here”
9:4 vxav rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure מִי־פֶ֭תִי יָסֻ֣ר הֵ֑נָּה חֲסַר־לֵ֝֗ב אָ֣מְרָה לּֽ⁠וֹ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “She says to him lacking of heart, ‘Whoever is naive, let him turn aside here,’”
9:4-5 dv2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor מִי־פֶ֭תִי יָסֻ֣ר הֵ֑נָּה חֲסַר־לֵ֝֗ב אָ֣מְרָה לּֽ⁠וֹ & לְ֭כוּ לַחֲמ֣וּ בְֽ⁠לַחֲמִ֑⁠י וּ֝⁠שְׁת֗וּ בְּ⁠יַ֣יִן מָסָֽכְתִּי 1 In these two verses, Wisdom speaks of people acquiring wisdom as they were turning **aside** from a path to enter Wisdom’s house, **eat** Wisdom’s **bread**, and **drink** Wisdom’s **wine**. Just as **bread** and **wine**are good and keep people alive, so wisdom also is good and something that enables people to live for a long time. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the comparison. Alternate translation: “She says to him lacking of heart, ‘Whoever is naive, benefit your lives by acquiring wisdom. Doing so is like turning aside here, coming to me, eating my bread, and drinking the wine I have mixed”
9:4 s4da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָסֻ֣ר הֵ֑נָּה 1 Here, Wisdom implies that the **naive** person should **turn aside** and come to her house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “let him leave his path and come to my house”
9:4 bjtb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations יָסֻ֣ר & לּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Although **him** is masculine, here it refers to any **naive** person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “let that person turn aside … to that person”\n
@ -1206,6 +1206,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
11:4 zlmx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝⁠צְדָקָ֗ה & מִ⁠מָּֽוֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **death** in [2:18](../02/18.md).
11:5 lc4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צִדְקַ֣ת & וּ֝⁠בְ⁠רִשְׁעָת֗⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **wickedness** in [4:17](../04/17.md).
11:5 ytaf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun תָּ֭מִים 1 The phrase **a blameless one** represents **blameless** people in general, not one particular **blameless one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any blameless person”
11:5 aqrm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּ֭מִים 1 Here, **a blameless one** refers to someone whom Yahweh does not blame for acting wickedly. See how you translated the same use of “blameless ones” in [2:21](../02/21.md).
11:5 d5mr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְּיַשֵּׁ֣ר דַּרְכּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to enabling someone to know what that person should do as making that person’s **way straight**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar idea in [3:6](../03/06.md). Alternate translation: “will cause that person to know what to do”
11:5 lmxk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָשָֽׁע 1 See how you translated this phrase in [9:7](../09/07.md).
11:5 vhe9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִפֹּ֥ל 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone experiencing disaster as if that person were falling down. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will experience disaster”
@ -2818,7 +2819,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
22:28 tb1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown גְּב֣וּל עוֹלָ֑ם 1 The phrase **ancient boundary** refers to stones that people used to mark the boundaries of the land that they owned. These boundaries were **ancient** because they were originally placed by the landowner's ancestors. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of **boundary** marker, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the stones placed long ago that mark the borders of someone’s land”
22:28 j4id rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבוֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, **fathers** means “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your ancestors”
22:29 ep6r [22:29](../22/29.md) is Saying 5 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
22:29 y4ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חָזִ֡יתָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **Behold** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
22:29 ree0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion חָזִ֡יתָ אִ֤ישׁ ׀ מָ֘הִ֤יר בִּ⁠מְלַאכְתּ֗⁠וֹ 1 Although the Hebrew text is not worded like a question, several translations make this clause into a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this as a question. Alternate translation: “Have you seen a man skilled in his work?”
22:29 uljc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֤ישׁ ׀ מָ֘הִ֤יר בִּ⁠מְלַאכְתּ֗⁠וֹ & יִתְיַצָּ֑ב & בַּל־יִ֝תְיַצֵּב 1 Here, **a skilled man**, **his**, **he**, and **himself** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “people skilled in their work; those people will station themselves … they will not station themselves”
22:29 tf37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִֽ⁠פְנֵֽי & יִתְיַצָּ֑ב בַּל־יִ֝תְיַצֵּב לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י 1 The phrase **station himself before the face of** is an idiom that means “to enter the service of.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will enter the service of … he will not enter the service of”
23:intro eva7 0 # Proverbs 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n4. Sayings from wise men (22:17–24:22)\n * Introduction to the sayings (22:17–21)\n * The sayings (22:22–24:22)\n\nChapter 23 continues the section of 30 sayings by “the wise ones” that began in [22:22](../22/22.md). This chapter mostly contains longer proverbs, except for [23:9](../23/09.md) and [23:12](../23/12.md).\n
@ -3283,7 +3284,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
26:11 xyjx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כְּ֭⁠כֶלֶב 1 A **dog** is an animal that is considered to be unclean and disgusting by Jews and many cultures of the Ancient Near East. Therefore, comparing someone to a dog is insulting. If dogs are unfamiliar to your culture and you have a different animal that is considered unclean and disgusting or whose name is used as an insult, you could use the name of this animal instead.\n
26:11 ioau rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׁ֣ב עַל־קֵא֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon implies that the **dog** **returns to its vomit** in order to eat it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that returns to eat its vomit”
26:11 fjtm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְ⁠אִוַּלְתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
26:12 cxr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion רָאִ֗יתָ אִ֭ישׁ חָכָ֣ם בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1 Solomon is using the question form to cause his readers to think about what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Consider a man wise in his eyes”
26:12 cxr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion רָאִ֗יתָ אִ֭ישׁ חָכָ֣ם בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1 Although the Hebrew text is not worded like a question, many translations make this clause into a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this as a question. See how you translated the similar use of **You see** in [22:29](../22/29.md). Alternate translation: “Have you seen a man wise in his eyes?”
26:12 h6la rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֭ישׁ חָכָ֣ם בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו & לִ⁠כְסִ֣יל מִמֶּֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Here, **a man**, **his**, **a stupid one**, and **him** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated **a stupid one** in [10:18](../10/18.md). Alternate translation: “any person wise in that person’s eyes … for any stupid person than that person”
26:12 zcjq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חָכָ֣ם בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, Solomon implies that this **man** is not actually **wise**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “wise in his eyes who is not really wise”
26:12 tobk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the same use of **eyes** in [3:7](../03/07.md).
@ -3612,41 +3613,132 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
28:27 x8x1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠מַעְלִ֥ים עֵ֝ינָ֗י⁠ו 1 Here, **hides his eyes** refers to ignoring the needs of poor people as if one closes his **eyes** to avoid seeing them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who refuses to notice”
28:28 ku38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠ק֣וּם רְ֭שָׁעִים 1 See how you translated the same use of **arise** in [28:12](../28/12.md).
28:28 rpik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun יִסָּתֵ֣ר אָדָ֑ם 1 Here, **a man** and **himself** refer to people in general, not a specific **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any person will hide”
29:intro pkl4 0 # Proverbs 29 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which was written by Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
29:1 rl7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who stiffens his neck 0 A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn” or “who refuses to listen”
29:1 nb5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive will be broken in a moment 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him”
29:1 y5ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor beyond healing 0 “and no one will be able to heal him.” Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. Alternate translation: “and no one will be able to help him”
29:2 w7r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the people sigh 0 The people let out long, loud breaths that show that they are weary and sad. Alternate translation: “the people will be weary and sad”
29:4 v6du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns by justice 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by doing what is just” or “by making just laws”
29:5 x5x6 flatters his neighbor 0 knowingly tells his neighbor things that are not true so that the neighbor will do what the speaker wants him to do
29:5 udx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor spreading a net for his feet 0 The writer compares the flattery of a person to setting that person up to being caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “setting a trap to catch that person”
29:8 g91s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy set a city on fire 0 Here the word “city” represents the people who live in the city. Mockers causing the people to experience turmoil and possibly to become violent is spoken of as if they set the city on fire. Alternate translation: “create turmoil for the people of a city” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:8 vcu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom turn away wrath 0 This idiom means to cause angry people no longer to be angry. Alternate translation: “calm the wrath of angry people”
29:9 el5g has an argument with 0 Another possible meaning is “goes to court against.”
29:9 tzx7 he rages and laughs 0 The fool becomes very angry and tries to keep the wise person from speaking or the court judge from judging.
29:9 kn5t rages 0 This means to be loud and excited and to move with powerful movements like a strong storm. This is a negative word.
29:9 qmv5 there will be no rest 0 Alternate translation: “they will not be able to settle the problem”
29:10 jbu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom seek the life of 0 This idiom means to “want to kill.”
29:12 b9es rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor all his officials will be wicked 0 The actions of the ruler are spoken of by stating the result they will cause. Alternate translation: “it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked”
29:13 f56w oppressor 0 a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
29:13 psq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh gives light to the eyes of them both 0 This idiom means “Yahweh makes both of them alive.”
29:14 x486 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his throne 0 The throne is a metonym for the kingdom he rules from his throne. Alternate translation: “his kingdom”
29:15 ybi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The rod and reproof give wisdom 0 The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. Alternate translation: “If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise” or “If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely”
29:15 p19z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The rod 0 Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. Alternate translation: “discipline”
29:16 th5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns transgression increases 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse”
29:16 ha78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the downfall of those wicked people 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **downfall**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:18 s41b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the one who keeps the law is blessed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who keeps the law”
29:19 kl1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive A slave will not be corrected by words 0 This can be translated in active form.”You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him”
29:20 qfr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion See a man who is hasty in his words? 0 The writer is using a question to get the reader’s attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.”
29:21 k1j6 who pampers his slave 0 Alternate translation: “who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves”
29:21 qas4 at the end of it 0 Alternate translation: “at the end of the slave’s youth” or “when the slave is grown”
29:22 s7ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor stirs up strife 0 Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strife**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “argue.” See how you translated similar words in [15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” or “causes people to argue and fight”
29:22 ad7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a master of rage 0 This idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.”
29:24 jpz1 hates his own life 0 Alternate translation: “becomes his own enemy”
29:25 t7d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The fear of man makes a snare 0 Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap”
29:25 k5l2 a snare 0 a trap that catches animals with ropes
29:25 t3gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the one who trusts in Yahweh will be protected 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him”
29:26 w96b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns from Yahweh is justice for a person 0 It is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “just.” Alternate translation: “it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person”
29:intro pkl4 0 # Proverbs 29 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n6. Hezekiah’s proverbs from Solomon (25:1–29:27)\n * Warnings and admonitions (25:1–27:27)\n * Contrastive wise sayings (28:1–29:27)\n\nChapter 29 finishes the second part of this section of the book that contains proverbs written by Solomon that were copied by scribes during the reign of Hezekiah. This part in [28:1](../28/01.md)–[29:27](../29/27.md) mostly contains general proverbs that use contrastive parallelism.
29:1 vinf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֣ישׁ תּ֭וֹכָחוֹת 1 **A man of rebukes** here represents a type of person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person of rebukes”\n
29:1 qhhd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אִ֣ישׁ תּ֭וֹכָחוֹת 1 Here, Solomon uses the possessive form to describe **A man** who has received many **rebukes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A man who has received rebukes”
29:1 rl7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַקְשֶׁה־עֹ֑רֶף 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person becoming stubborn as if that person **stiffens** his **neck**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn”
29:1 nb5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive פֶּ֥תַע יִ֝שָּׁבֵ֗ר וְ⁠אֵ֣ין מַרְפֵּֽא 1 See how you translated the same clause in [6:15](../06/15.md).
29:2 jt34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּ⁠רְב֣וֹת צַ֭דִּיקִים 1 Here, **increase** could refer to: (1) the amount of **righteous ones** increasing. Alternate translation: “When righteous ones increase in number” or “When righteous ones multiply greatly” (2) the **righteous ones** increasing their power or authority. Alternate translation: “When righteous ones increase in power” or “When righteous ones become more powerful”
29:2 w7r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns הָ⁠עָ֑ם & עָֽם 1 In this verse, the word **people** is singular in form, but it refers to multiple **people** as a group. See how you translated the same use of **people** in [11:14](../11/14.md).
29:2 q5gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָ֝שָׁ֗ע 1 See how you translated **a wicked one** in [9:7](../09/07.md).
29:2 s76g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יֵאָ֥נַֽח 1 Here, **groans** refers to the sound **people** make to express that they are miserable, which is the opposite of **rejoice** in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “groans in misery”
29:3 akr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִֽישׁ & אָבִ֑י⁠ו וְ⁠רֹעֶ֥ה 1 **A man**, **his**, and **one who associates** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use different expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person … that person’s father, but any person who associates with”
29:3 tqol rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָ֭כְמָה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
29:3 kbyg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְ⁠רֹעֶ֥ה 1 Solomon is referring to a person having sex with **prostitutes** in a polite way by using the phrase **associates with**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who sleeps with” or “but one who has sexual relations with”
29:3 q2j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְאַבֶּד־הֽוֹן 1 Here, **destroys wealth** implies that this person has wasted all his money. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “squanders his wealth”
29:4 nanx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֶ֗לֶךְ & וְ⁠אִ֖ישׁ תְּרוּמ֣וֹת 1 **A king** and **a man of contributions** refer to a types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any king is one who scatters … but any man of contributions”\n
29:4 v6du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ֭⁠מִשְׁפָּט 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **justice** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
29:4 vug3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אָ֑רֶץ & יֶֽהֶרְסֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 Here, **land** and **it** refer to the people who live in a **land**. See how you translated the same use of these words in [28:2](../28/02.md).\n
29:4 vin5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַעֲמִ֣יד אָ֑רֶץ 1 Here, Solomon refers to the people of **the land** being successful as if they would continue **to stand**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes the land to be successful”\n
29:4 ap9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠אִ֖ישׁ תְּרוּמ֣וֹת 1 This could refer to: (1) someone who demands bribes. Alternate translation: “but a man who demands bribes” (2) a ruler who demands excessive taxes from the people he rules over. Alternate translation: “but a man who demands tribute” or “but a man who extorts his land”
29:4 uur9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אִ֖ישׁ 1 The parallelism between the two clauses in this verse indicates that the phrase **a man** here refers to a **king** or leader in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but a ruler of”
29:4 v712 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֶֽהֶרְסֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 Here, Solomon refers to the people of **the land** failing as if someone **tears** them **down**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes the land to fail”
29:5 vgfb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun גֶּ֭בֶר & רֵעֵ֑⁠הוּ & פְּעָמָֽי⁠ו 1 **A man** and **his** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person … that person’s neighbor … that person’s feet”
29:5 x5x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַחֲלִ֣יק עַל־רֵעֵ֑⁠הוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone speaking flatteringly as if that person were making what he says **smooth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who flatters his neighbor”\n
29:5 udx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֶ֝֗שֶׁת פּוֹרֵ֥שׂ עַל־פְּעָמָֽי⁠ו 1 Here Solomon refers to deceiving a person as if someone were spreading **out a net** in order to trap that person by the **feet**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “deceives that person” or “is like someone who spreads out a net to catch his neighbor”
29:5 odv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche פְּעָמָֽי⁠ו 1 Here, **feet** refers to the whole person. See how you translated the same use of **feet** in [7:11](../07/11.md).
29:6 lg1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠פֶ֤שַֽׁע 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **transgression** in [10:19](../10/19.md).
29:6 hg0h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֣ישׁ רָ֣ע & וְ֝⁠צַדִּ֗יק 1 Here, **an evil man** and **a righteous one** represent types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated **a righteous one** in [9:9](../09/09.md). Alternate translation: “any evil person … but any righteous person”
29:6 pqir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מוֹקֵ֑שׁ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person causing his life to be in danger as if he were an animal that gets caught in **a snare**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated **snare** in [22:25](../22/25.md). Alternate translation: “he endangers his life” or “there is danger”
29:7 hy5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַ֭דִּיק & רָ֝שָׁ֗ע 1 See how you translated **A righteous one** in [9:9](../09/09.md) and **a wicked one** in [9:7](../09/07.md).
29:7 iq6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יֹדֵ֣עַ & דָּֽעַת 1 In this verse, **knows** and **knowledge** refer to having concern for **the legal claim of lowly ones**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “are concerned about … concern”
29:7 wf9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דִּ֣ין 1 Here, **legal claim** refers to the legal rights of **lowly ones**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “justice for”
29:7 dm8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּלִּ֑ים 1 See how you translated the same use of **lowly** in [10:15](../10/15.md).
29:7 p25u rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast רָ֝שָׁ֗ע 1 This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, a wicked one”\n
29:8 vcyo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אַנְשֵׁ֣י לָ֭צוֹן 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **Men** who are characterized by **mockery**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Men who are mockers”
29:8 t3gq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָפִ֣יחוּ 1 Here, Solomon refers to people causing the people in **a city** to become angry and violent as if they were setting the **city** on fire. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “enrage” or “are like those who ignite”
29:8 g91s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy קִרְיָ֑ה 1 Here, **city** refers to the people who live in a **city**. See how you translated the same use of **city** in [11:10](../11/10.md).
29:8 vcu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָשִׁ֥יבוּ אָֽף 1 Here, Solomon refers to people ceasing to feel angry as if they were turning their noses away from the person they are angry with. See how you translated the similar phrase “turns away his nose” in [24:18](../24/18.md).\n
29:9 p8q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִֽישׁ־חָכָ֗ם & אֶת־אִ֣ישׁ אֱוִ֑יל וְ⁠רָגַ֥ז 1 **A wise man**, **a foolish man**, and **he** represent types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated **A wise man** in [16:14](../16/14.md). Alternate translation: “Any wise person … with any foolish person, but that foolish person trembles”
29:9 el5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נִ֭שְׁפָּט 1 Here, **goes to judgment** refers to starting a legal dispute with someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “goes to court” or “begins a lawsuit”
29:9 tzx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠רָגַ֥ז 1 Here, **trembles** refers to the **foolish** person gesturing violently because he were angry. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but he gestures violently”
29:9 txlw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝⁠שָׂחַ֗ק 1 Here, **laughs** refers to laughing in a mocking manner, not joyful laughter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and laughs mockingly”
29:9 qmv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵ֣ין נָֽחַת 1 This could mean: (1) there will be no resolution to the **judgment**. Alternate translation: “and they will not be able to settle the problem” (2) the **foolish** person will not be quiet. Alternate translation: “and will not stop doing so”
29:10 mzfv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אַנְשֵׁ֣י דָ֭מִים 1 Here, Solomon uses the possessive form to refer to **Men** who shed the blood of other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Men who shed the blood of others” or “Men who kill others”
29:10 lwur rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun תָ֑ם 1 See how you translated this phrase in [11:5](../11/05.md) and “blameless ones” in [2:21](../02/21.md).
29:10 jbu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וִֽ֝⁠ישָׁרִ֗ים יְבַקְשׁ֥וּ נַפְשֽׁ⁠וֹ 1 Here, the phrase **seek his life** could refer to: (1) **upright ones** desiring to protect the **life** of **a blameless one**. Alternate translation: “want to protect his life” (2) **Men of bloodshed** desiring to kill **upright ones**, in which case singular **his** would refer to plural **upright ones**. Alternate translation: “and they want to kill upright ones”
29:11 pob1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun כְסִ֑יל וְ֝⁠חָכָ֗ם 1 See how you translated **A stupid one** in [10:18](../10/18.md) and **a wise one** in [1:5](../01/05.md).
29:11 q36k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כָּל־ר֭וּח⁠וֹ יוֹצִ֣יא 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person openly expressing **all** of his emotions as if his emotions were a **spirit** that he **brings out** of himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “openly expresses all his emotions”
29:11 izlu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠אָח֥וֹר יְשַׁבְּחֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person controlling the expression of his emotions as if he **soothes** those emotions so that they go **backward** into him. The meaning of this phrase is the opposite of the meaning of **brings out all his spirit** in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “restrains himself from openly expressing his emotions”
29:12 aj3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֹ֭שֵׁל & דְּבַר־שָׁ֑קֶר & מְשָׁרְתָ֥י⁠ו 1 **A ruler**, **a word of falsehood**, and **his** refer to people and false words in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use different more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any ruler … any word of falsehood … that person’s servants”
29:12 b9es rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַקְשִׁ֣יב עַל 1 Here, **listens attentively** implies that this **ruler** believes what he **listens** to. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who believes”
29:12 a20q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession דְּבַר־שָׁ֑קֶר 1 See how you translated this phrase in [13:5](../13/05.md).
29:13 f56w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָ֤שׁ וְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ תְּכָכִ֣ים 1 **One who is poor** and **a man of oppression** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use different more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who is poor and any man of oppression”
29:13 kzm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ תְּכָכִ֣ים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by oppressing other people. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a man who oppresses others”
29:13 ymnj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִפְגָּ֑שׁוּ 1 See how you translated the same use of **meet together** in [22:2](../22/02.md).
29:13 psq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מֵ֤אִיר־עֵינֵ֖י שְׁנֵי⁠הֶ֣ם 1 Here, **enlightens the eyes** is an idiom that means “enables someone to live” or “makes someone alive” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the one who enables both of them to live”
29:14 sx9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֶ֤לֶךְ & כִּ֝סְא֗⁠וֹ 1 **A king** and **his** refer to kings in general, not a specific **king**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated **A king** in [29:4](../29/04.md). Alternate translation: “Any king … that king’s throne”
29:14 fu0h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּלִּ֑ים 1 See how you translated the same use of **lowly** in [10:15](../10/15.md).
29:14 ywpt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בֶּֽ⁠אֱמֶ֣ת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **truth** in [8:7](../08/07.md).
29:14 x486 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כִּ֝סְא֗⁠וֹ & יִכּֽוֹן 1 See how you translated this phrase in [25:5](../25/05.md).
29:14 vakd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole לָ⁠עַ֥ד 1 Solomon says **to perpetuity** here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “for a very long time”
29:15 zlkv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis שֵׁ֣בֶט וְ֭⁠תוֹכַחַת יִתֵּ֣ן חָכְמָ֑ה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the next clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “A rod and rebuke give a boy wisdom”
29:15 ybi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שֵׁ֣בֶט וְ֭⁠תוֹכַחַת יִתֵּ֣ן חָכְמָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people using a **rod and rebuke** to make someone wiser as if a **rod and rebuke** were people who could **give** something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Using a rod and rebuke can give a boy wisdom”
29:15 p19z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שֵׁ֣בֶט 1 See how you translated the same use of **rod** in [10:13](../10/13.md) and [13:24](../13/24.md).
29:15 krbs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ֭⁠תוֹכַחַת & חָכְמָ֑ה & מֵבִ֥ישׁ 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **rebuke** in [1:25](../01/25.md), **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md), and **shame** in [6:33](../06/33.md).
29:15 r3t3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠נַ֥עַר & אִמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **a boy** and **his** refer to children in general, not a specific **boy**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “but any child … that child’s mother”\n
29:15 gk9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מְ֝שֻׁלָּ֗ח 1 Here, **sent away** is an idiom that refers to letting someone do whatever that person wants to do. If it would be helpful, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who is left to himself” or “who is allowed to do whatever he wants to do”
29:15 qpkm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מְ֝שֻׁלָּ֗ח 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom his parents sent away” or “whom his parents do not discipline”
29:16 aom5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּ⁠רְב֣וֹת רְ֭שָׁעִים 1 Here, **increase** could refer to: (1) the amount of **wicked ones** increasing. Alternate translation: “When wicked ones increase in number” or “When wicked ones multiply greatly” (2) the **wicked ones** increasing their power or authority. Alternate translation: “When wicked ones increase in power”
29:16 th5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns פָּ֑שַׁע 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **transgression** in [10:19](../10/19.md).
29:16 a429 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּֽ⁠מַפַּלְתָּ֥⁠ם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **downfall**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “them falling down”
29:16 ha78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּֽ⁠מַפַּלְתָּ֥⁠ם 1 Here, **downfall** could refer to: (1) the destruction of **wicked ones**, in which case **downfall** would have a meaning similar to “fall” in [11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “their destruction” (2) the **wicked ones** losing their power or authority. Alternate translation: “their loss of power”
29:17 kz21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּ֭נְ⁠ךָ 1 Although the term **son** is masculine, the writer is using this word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. See how you translated the same use of **son** in [10:1](../10/01.md).\n
29:17 xzqd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וִֽ⁠ינִיחֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of disciplining one’s **son**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “As a result, he will cause you to rest”\n
29:17 evuu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠יִתֵּ֖ן מַעֲדַנִּ֣ים לְ⁠נַפְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a **son** causing his parents to feel delighted as if **delights** were objects that he can **give** to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translate: “and he will delight your being”
29:17 a7i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְ⁠נַפְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **soul** in [2:10](../02/10.md).
29:18 m7wo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חָ֭זוֹן 1 Here, **vision** refers specifically to information that Yahweh reveals to prophets so that they can tell it to **the people**. It is also called prophecy or divine revelation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “prophecy” or “revelation”
29:18 xl3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns עָ֑ם 1 See how you translated the same use of **people** in [11:14](../11/14.md).
29:18 nr4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִפָּ֣רַֽע 1 Here Solomon refers to **people** acting disorderly or uncontrollably as if they were **let loose** from being restrained. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “act disorderly” or “are out of control”
29:18 b1ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠שֹׁמֵ֖ר תּוֹרָ֣ה אַשְׁרֵֽ⁠הוּ 1 Here, **one who keeps** and **he** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “but any person who keeps the law, happy is that person”
29:18 vz5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שֹׁמֵ֖ר תּוֹרָ֣ה 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “keep the law” in [28:4](../28/04.md).
29:19 x0g9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עָ֑בֶד & יָ֝בִ֗ין 1 **A servant** and **he** refer to servants in general, not a specific **servant**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any servant … that person understands”
29:19 kl1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹא־יִוָּ֣סֶר עָ֑בֶד 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one will instruct a servant”
29:19 egtn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּ֭⁠דְבָרִים 1 See how you translated the similar use of **words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
29:19 q0dg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מַעֲנֶֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **answer** in [15:1](../15/01.md).
29:20 qfr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion חָזִ֗יתָ אִ֭ישׁ אָ֣ץ בִּ⁠דְבָרָ֑י⁠ו 1 Although the Hebrew text is not worded like a question, many translations make this clause into a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this as a question. See how you translated the similar use of **You see** in [22:29](../22/29.md). Alternate translation: “Have you seen a man hurrying in his words?”
29:20 wdmc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֭ישׁ אָ֣ץ בִּ⁠דְבָרָ֑י⁠ו 1 See how you translated **a man** and **his** in [6:27](../06/27.md).
29:20 dauq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אָ֣ץ בִּ⁠דְבָרָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, **hurrying in his words** is an idiom that means “speaking before thinking about what to say.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “talking off the cuff” or “who speaks without thinking”
29:20 vfxj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תִּקְוָ֖ה לִ⁠כְסִ֣יל מִמֶּֽ⁠נּוּ 1 See how you translated this sentence in [26:12](../26/12.md).
29:21 c3df rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מְפַנֵּ֣ק & עַבְדּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, **one** and **his** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “If any person pampers that person’s own servant”
29:21 k1j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠נֹּ֣עַר 1 Here, Solomon implies that **youth** refers to the **youth** of the **servant**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for that servant’s youth”
29:21 nrvp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠נֹּ֣עַר 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **youth** in [2:17](../02/17.md).
29:21 qas4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝⁠אַחֲרִית֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, **end** refers to the result. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See how you translated the same use of **end** in [14:12](../14/12.md).\n
29:21 c32f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מָנֽוֹן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **insolence**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “acting insolently”
29:22 jpk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אִֽישׁ־אַ֭ף יְגָרֶ֣ה מָד֑וֹן וּ⁠בַ֖עַל חֵמָ֣ה רַב־פָּֽשַׁע 1 Solomon is leaving out some words in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “A man of nose stirs up strife, and an owner of heat stirs up much transgression”\n
29:22 ju1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אִֽישׁ־אַ֭ף יְגָרֶ֣ה מָד֑וֹן וּ⁠בַ֖עַל חֵמָ֣ה רַב־פָּֽשַׁע 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** that indicates that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “A man of nose stirs up strife, yes, an owner of heat stirs up much transgression”\n
29:22 oeh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִֽישׁ־אַ֭ף & וּ⁠בַ֖עַל חֵמָ֣ה 1 **A man of nose** and **an owner of heat** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person of nose … and any owner of heat”
29:22 mhqx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִֽישׁ־אַ֭ף & וּ⁠בַ֖עַל חֵמָ֣ה 1 See how you translated the same use of **nose** and **heat** in [22:24](../22/24.md).
29:22 s7ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְגָרֶ֣ה מָד֑וֹן 1 See how you translated the same phrase in [15:18](../15/18.md).
29:22 ad7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns פָּֽשַׁע 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **transgression** in [10:19](../10/19.md).
29:23 y4uu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns גַּאֲוַ֣ת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **pride** in [8:13](../08/13.md).
29:23 apfd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אָ֭דָם תַּשְׁפִּילֶ֑⁠נּוּ וּ⁠שְׁפַל־ר֝֗וּחַ 1 Here, **a man**, **him**, and **one** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any person will make that person low, but any person lowly of spirit”
29:23 aa1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תַּשְׁפִּילֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Here, **low** refers to being humiliated or ashamed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will make him ashamed”
29:23 mm1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠שְׁפַל־ר֝֗וּחַ 1 Here, **lowly** refers to being humble. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one humble of spirit”
29:23 n3zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ר֝֗וּחַ 1 Here, **spirit** refers to a person’s attitude. See how you translated the same use of **spirit** in [18:14](../18/14.md).
29:23 vb8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִתְמֹ֥ךְ כָּבֽוֹד 1 See how you translated this phrase in [11:16](../11/16.md).
29:24 f5xg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חוֹלֵ֣ק עִם־גַּ֭נָּב שׂוֹנֵ֣א נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ אָלָ֥ה יִ֝שְׁמַ֗ע 1 **One who shares**, **a thief**, **his**, and **he** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who shares with any thief hates that person’s own life; that person will hear an oath”
29:24 e77b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חוֹלֵ֣ק עִם־גַּ֭נָּב 1 Here, **shares** implies that this person helps **a thief** and that **thief** gives him part of what he has stolen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “One who helps a thief and shares in his spoil” or “An accomplice of a thief”
29:24 jpz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שׂוֹנֵ֣א 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person doing what is harmful to himself as if he hated himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “harms” or “acts as if he hates”
29:24 em94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, **life** refers to the person himself. See how you translated the same use of **life** in [8:36](../08/36.md).\n
29:24 qxcl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָלָ֥ה יִ֝שְׁמַ֗ע 1 Here, **oath** refers to the curse that would be spoken against someone who did not speak the truth or reveal important information in a criminal case, as described in [Leviticus 5:1–6](../lev/05/01.md). The witness who hears this **oath** knows that Yahweh will punish him if he does not speak the truth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he will hear the curse spoken against those who keep silent about the crime” or “he will hear and know that he will be cursed if he does not say anything”
29:24 vyf0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לֹ֣א יַגִּֽיד 1 Here, Solomon implies that this person **will not tell** anything about the crime that he knows the **thief** has committed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but will not say what the thief did”
29:25 t7d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חֶרְדַּ֣ת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **anxiety** in [15:16](../15/16.md).
29:25 z4h0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אָ֭דָם & וּ⁠בוֹטֵ֖חַ 1 Here, **a man** and **one who trusts** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any person … but any person who trusts”
29:25 k5l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יִתֵּ֣ן מוֹקֵ֑שׁ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone causing trouble for himself as if his **anxiety** were a person who **sets a snare** that traps him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “causes him to get into trouble” or “is like someone who sets a trap”
29:25 t3gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְשֻׂגָּֽב 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will set him on high”
29:25 lxo6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְשֻׂגָּֽב 1 See how you translated the same use of **set on high** in [18:10](../18/10.md).
29:26 gz2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְבַקְשִׁ֣ים פְּנֵי־מוֹשֵׁ֑ל 1 Here, Solomon implies that these people **seek the face of a ruler** in order to ask him to help them in some way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “are those who seek the face of a ruler to ask for his help”
29:26 yi5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְבַקְשִׁ֣ים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people trying to meet **a ruler** as if the ruler’s **face** were an object that people **seek** to find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are those who try to meet”\n
29:26 g8ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche פְּנֵי 1 Here, **face** refers to being in the presence of the whole person. See how you translated the same use of **face** in [7:15](../07/15.md).\n
29:26 a948 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מוֹשֵׁ֑ל & אִֽישׁ 1 Here, **a ruler** and **a man** refer to rulers and other people in general, not a specific **ruler** or **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any ruler … any person”
29:26 i4rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִשְׁפַּט־אִֽישׁ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **justice** that is for the benefit of **a man**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is justice for a man” or “is justice on behalf of a man”
29:26 w96b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִשְׁפַּט 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **justice** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
29:27 k35v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת & וְ⁠תוֹעֲבַ֖ת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **abomination** in [3:32](../03/32.md).
29:27 ds6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֣ישׁ עָ֑וֶל וְ⁠תוֹעֲבַ֖ת רָשָׁ֣ע יְשַׁר־דָּֽרֶךְ 1 Here, **a man of injustice**, **a wicked one**, and **one upright of way** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated **a wicked one** in [9:7](../09/07.md). Alternate translation: “is any person of injustice, but an abomination to any wicked person is a person upright of way”
29:27 du2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אִ֣ישׁ עָ֑וֶל 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **injustice**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is an unjust man”
29:27 u4xh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יְשַׁר־דָּֽרֶךְ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **way** that is characterized by being **upright**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is one whose way is upright”
29:27 fcfv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דָּֽרֶךְ 1 Here, Solomon uses **way** to refer to how people behave. See how you translated this use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
30:intro aud8 0 # Proverbs 30 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Agur\n\nHis full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means “gatherer” and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name.\n\n### Three things and four\n\nFrom verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like “small and yet wise.” The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
30:1 u8l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Agur … Jakeh … Ithiel … Ucal 0 These are the names of men.
30:1 ic3d the utterance 0 Alternate translation: “the message”
@ -3759,7 +3851,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
9:3 ugn5 her maids 0
14:2 c17i in his ways despises him The word “his” refers to the dishonest man and “him” refers to Yahweh.
17:3 fh66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold 0
29:6 k8iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him.
18:2 yp8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy what is in his own heart 0
24:11 kl46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the slaughter 0
27:4 srl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the flood of anger 0

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