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@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ front:intro an3g 0 # Introduction to the Song of Songs\n\n## Part 1: General
1:13 bzs7 דּוֹדִ⁠י֙ 1 Alternate translation: “is my lover”
1:13 f8y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism צְר֨וֹר הַ⁠מֹּ֤ר ׀ דּוֹדִ⁠י֙ לִ֔⁠י בֵּ֥ין שָׁדַ֖⁠י יָלִֽין 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an appropriate euphemism for **breasts** or state the meaning of the phrase **between my breasts it stays** using a more general expression. Alternate translation: “My beloved stays very close to me during the night, like a bundle of myrrh around my neck”
1:13 bl0z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָלִֽין 1 Here the original language word that the ULT translates **it stays** is ambiguous regarding what it is that stays. This word could: (1) indicate that the **bundle of myrrh** is what stays, in which case it should be translated as something similar to "it stays" as modeled by the ULT. (2) mean that the man stays. Alternate translation: “he stays”
1:13 jw0u יָלִֽין 1 Here, the word **stays** could: (1) refer to staying in one place for a prolonged period of time, in which case you could translate this word with something similar to "stays," as modeled by the ULT. (2) refer to lying down. Alternate translation: “it lies”
1:13 jw0u יָלִֽין 1 Here, the word **stays** could: (1) refer to remaining in one place for a prolonged period of time, in which case you could translate this word with something similar to "stays," as modeled by the UST. (2) refer to lying down. Alternate translation: “it lies”
1:14 a6jk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠כֹּ֤פֶר 1 The phrase **henna blossoms** refers to pleasant-smelling blossoms from the henna plant. If your readers would not be familiar with this plant, you could use the name of a fragrant plant in your area, you could explain that henna is a plant that produces clusters of fragrant blossoms, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “fragrant flowers” or “fragrant blossoms from the henna plant”
1:14 zh75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶשְׁכֹּ֨ל הַ⁠כֹּ֤פֶר ׀ דּוֹדִ⁠י֙ לִ֔⁠י בְּ⁠כַרְמֵ֖י עֵ֥ין גֶּֽדִי 1 Here, **vineyards of Engedi** is probably a reference to the woman’s body. This is so because, at that time, the word **vineyards** was often used to convey a sexual meaning. Secondly, the phrase **in the vineyards of Engedi** is in parallel to the phrase in the previous verse in which the woman refers to her body by saying that her “beloved” is like a “bundle of myrrh” which “stays” (the night) “between” her “breasts.” In this verse the woman makes a comparison between the pleasurable experience of the smell of henna blossoms and her enjoyment of having the man she loves near her body. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a simile to show the comparison. Because the woman describes her body in a poetic way with images, it is recommended that you maintain these images or select images from your culture and language that communicate the same concepts. Alternate translation: “I enjoy being near my beloved’s body like I enjoy the smell of the henna flowers in the vineyards of Engedi” or “I delight in my beloved being near my body like I enjoy the smell of the henna flowers in the vineyards of Engedi”
1:15 tae6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamation הִנָּ֤⁠ךְ & הִנָּ֥⁠ךְ 1 The man is using the term **Behold you** to focus the woman's attention on what he is about to say. Use an exclamation that would communicate that meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “Look at you! … Look at you!”
@ -79,20 +79,20 @@ front:intro an3g 0 # Introduction to the Song of Songs\n\n## Part 1: General
1:15 m114 רַעְיָתִ֔⁠י 1 See how you translated the phrase “my darling” in [1:9](../01/09.md)
1:15 fb4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֵינַ֥יִ⁠ךְ יוֹנִֽים 1 Here the man is speaking of the woman's **eyes** as if they were **doves**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your eyes are like doves” or “your eyes are gentle and beautiful”
1:16 sbi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamation הִנְּ⁠ךָ֨ 1 The woman is using the term **Behold you** to focus the man's attention on what she is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Look at you”
1:16 febl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure הִנְּ⁠ךָ֨ יָפֶ֤ה דוֹדִ⁠י֙ אַ֣ף נָעִ֔ים אַף־ עַרְשֵׂ֖⁠נוּ רַעֲנָנָֽה 1 If it would be more natural in your language you could either begin or end this verse with the phrase **my beloved**. Alternate Translation: "My beloved, Behold you! {You are} handsome, truly pleasant. Indeed, our couch is leafy"
1:16 febl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure הִנְּ⁠ךָ֨ יָפֶ֤ה דוֹדִ⁠י֙ אַ֣ף נָעִ֔ים אַף־ עַרְשֵׂ֖⁠נוּ רַעֲנָנָֽה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could either begin or end this verse with the phrase **my beloved**. Alternate translation: "My beloved, Behold you! {You are} handsome, truly pleasant. Indeed, our couch is leafy"
1:16 x3pr דוֹדִ⁠י֙ 1 See how you translated the phrase “my beloved” in [1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “my lover”
1:16 km29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַ֣ף נָעִ֔ים 1 The woman is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “you are truly pleasant”
1:16 q43e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַרְשֵׂ֖⁠נוּ 1 Here, **couch** refers to the place where the couple would lie down in the forest. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the place where we lie down is” or “the place we lie down on like a bed is”
1:16 xed8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רַעֲנָנָֽה 1 Here, the word that the ULT translates as **leafy** refers to green plants. The author assumes that the readers will understand that it is not a literal couch. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. You could translate **leafy** in a general way such as “green”, or you could indicate specifically what vegetation the word **leafy** refers to. Here, **leafy** could refer to: (1) the grass that the couple lied down on. Alternate translation: “grass” (2) the branches above their meeting place in the forest. Alternate translation: “under the cover of branches” or “shaded by branches”
1:17 v14z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קֹר֤וֹת בָּתֵּ֨י⁠נוּ֙ אֲרָזִ֔ים רַהִיטֵ֖נוּ בְּרוֹתִֽים 1 Here the woman is speaking of the forest as though it were a **house**, the cedar trees as if they were the **beams** of the house and **pine** trees as if they were the **rafters** of the house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly or use a simile as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “Our meeting place is shaded by cedar and pine trees” or “Branches of cedar and pine trees will be a canopy over our meeting place”
1:16 q43e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַרְשֵׂ֖⁠נוּ 1 Here, **couch** refers to the place where the couple would lie down in the forest. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the place where we lie down is” or “the place on which we lie down like a bed is”
1:16 xed8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רַעֲנָנָֽה 1 Here, the word that the ULT translates as **leafy** refers to green plants. The author assumes that the readers will understand that it is not a literal couch. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. You could translate **leafy** in a general way such as “green,” or you could indicate specifically what vegetation the word **leafy** refers to. Here, **leafy** could refer to: (1) the grass that the couple lay down on. Alternate translation: “grass” (2) the branches above their meeting place in the forest. Alternate translation: “under the cover of branches” or “shaded by branches”
1:17 v14z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קֹר֤וֹת בָּתֵּ֨י⁠נוּ֙ אֲרָזִ֔ים רַהִיטֵ֖נוּ בְּרוֹתִֽים 1 Here the woman is speaking of the forest as if it were a **house**, the cedar trees as if they were the **beams** of the house, and the **pine** trees as if they were the **rafters** of the house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly or use a simile, as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “Our meeting place is shaded by cedar and pine trees” or “Branches of cedar and pine trees will be a canopy over our meeting place”
1:17 c3e5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּרוֹתִֽים 1 A **pine** is a type of tree that grows tall and close to other trees so that they provide shade from the sun. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of tree, you could use the name of a tree that grows tall and densely in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “tall leafy trees”
2:intro u8uv 0 # Song of Songs 2 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n\n### The woman and man complement each other by using metaphors and similes\n\nIn 2:1 the woman uses a metaphor to tell the man she loves that she thinks she is common like a flower that grows on the plains or a lily that grows in the valleys. The man responds in 2:2 by using a simile to tell her how special she is when compared to other women. She then uses a simile in 2:3 to tell him how special he is compared to other men. When translating these verses, pay close attention to the translation notes and the UST in order to understand the meaning.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Chiasm\n\nHebrew poetry sometimes uses a literary device called a “chiasm” (sometimes called “chiasmus”). A chiasm is when words or phrases are ordered in an AB-BA sequence. In Song of Songs 2:14](../02/14.md) the author uses a chiasm. The ULT follows the Hebrew order and translates this verse as “show me your appearance, make me hear your voice, for your voice {is} sweet, and your appearance {is} lovely”. Notice that the phrases “your appearance” and “your voice” are repeated in an AB-BA sequence: “your appearance...your voice...your voice...your appearance.”
2:intro u8uv 0 # Song of Songs 2 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### The woman and man compliment each other by using metaphors and similes\n\nIn 2:1 the woman uses a metaphor to tell the man she loves that she thinks she is common, like a flower that grows on the plains or a lily that grows in the valleys. The man responds in 2:2 by using a simile to tell her how special she is when compared to other women. She then uses a simile in 2:3 to tell him how special he is compared to other men. When translating these verses, pay close attention to the translation notes and the UST in order to understand the meaning.\n\n### Chiasm\n\nHebrew poetry sometimes uses a literary device called a “chiasm” (sometimes called “chiasmus”). A chiasm is when words or phrases are ordered in an AB-BA sequence. In Song of Songs 2:14](../02/14.md) the author uses a chiasm. The ULT follows the Hebrew order and translates this verse as “show me your appearance, make me hear your voice, for your voice {is} sweet, and your appearance {is} lovely”. Notice that the phrases “your appearance” and “your voice” are repeated in an AB-BA sequence: “your appearance ... your voice ... your voice ... your appearance.”
2:1 cne2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲנִי֙ חֲבַצֶּ֣לֶת הַ⁠שָּׁר֔וֹן שֽׁוֹשַׁנַּ֖ת הָ⁠עֲמָקִֽים 1 Here the woman is speaking of herself as if she is two types of flowers in order to make a comparison between herself and these common wildflowers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly, explain the comparison, or use the UST as a model. The woman compares herself to these wildflowers to express that she has only common beauty and is no more attractive than other young women. Alternate translation: “I am as common as a wildflower of Sharon or a lily of the valleys” or “My beauty is as common as a wildflower in Sharon or a lily of the valleys”
2:1 ps9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חֲבַצֶּ֣לֶת 1 The original word which the ULT translates as **flower** refers to a specific type of flower which grows on the ground. The exact type of flower that the original word refers to cannot be known with certainty so you could use the name of a pretty wildflower in your area or you could use a general term as modeled by the ULT.
2:1 gh6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠שָּׁר֔וֹן 1 The writer assumes that the readers will know that **Sharon** was the name of a specific plain (a flat area) and that the word itself refers to a flat, wide area. By using the word **Sharon** the woman is probably referring to “plains” in general and expressing that she is like a wildflower that grows on the plains. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers.
2:1 bw25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אֲנִי֙ חֲבַצֶּ֣לֶת הַ⁠שָּׁר֔וֹן שֽׁוֹשַׁנַּ֖ת הָ⁠עֲמָקִֽים 1 These two phrases **a flower of Sharon** and **a lily of the valleys** mean basically the same thing. The second phrase emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “I am a wildflower that grows in the plains and the valleys”
2:1 cxaq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis שֽׁוֹשַׁנַּ֖ת 1 The woman is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “I am a lily of”
2:1 ni5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שֽׁוֹשַׁנַּ֖ת 1 A **lily** is a type of flower. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of flower, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a flower of”
2:1 ni5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שֽׁוֹשַׁנַּ֖ת 1 A **lily** is a type of flower which often grows as a wildflower. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of flower, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a wildflower of”
2:2 ibi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ⁠שֽׁוֹשַׁנָּה֙ בֵּ֣ין הַ⁠חוֹחִ֔ים כֵּ֥ן רַעְיָתִ֖⁠י בֵּ֥ין הַ⁠בָּנֽוֹת 1 The man is saying that the woman he loves is like **a lily among thorns**. The idea is that just as a lily is much more beautiful than thorns, so the woman is much more beautiful than the other young women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent comparison or state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “You my darling, are much more beautiful than all other women”
2:2 l00i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כְּ⁠שֽׁוֹשַׁנָּה֙ 1 See how you translated the word **lily** in [2:1](../02/01.md).
2:2 bi45 רַעְיָתִ֖⁠י 1 See how you translated the phrase **my darling** in [1:9](../01/09.md).

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