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More chrisSmith edits to JOS UTN (#3916) 

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3916
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@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
11:6 s8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche from their faces 1 The author is using one part of people, their **faces**, to mean entire people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of them” 11:6 s8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche from their faces 1 The author is using one part of people, their **faces**, to mean entire people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of them”
11:6 i3t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will give all of them slain to the face of Israel 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [10:12](../10/12.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will enable you to slay all of them” 11:6 i3t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will give all of them slain to the face of Israel 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [10:12](../10/12.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will enable you to slay all of them”
11:6 u7h4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown You will hamstring their horses 1 A hamstring is a tendon behind the knee that enables a person or animal to walk and run. To **hamstring** a horse means to cut this tendon to disable the horse permanently. If your readers would not be familiar with what this means, in your translation you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “You will disable their horses permanently” 11:6 u7h4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown You will hamstring their horses 1 A hamstring is a tendon behind the knee that enables a person or animal to walk and run. To **hamstring** a horse means to cut this tendon to disable the horse permanently. If your readers would not be familiar with what this means, in your translation you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “You will disable their horses permanently”
11:7 i4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and they fell upon them 1 The author is using a common expression to mean that the Israelites attacked their enemies suddenly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they attacked them suddenly” 11:7 j086 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and they fell upon them 1 The author is using a common expression to mean that the Israelites attacked their enemies suddenly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they attacked them suddenly”
11:8 m8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And Yahweh gave them into the hand of Israel 1 See how you translated the same expression in [10:8](../10/08.md) and its other occurrences in Chapter 10. 11:8 m8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And Yahweh gave them into the hand of Israel 1 See how you translated the same expression in [10:8](../10/08.md) and its other occurrences in Chapter 10.
11:8 j033 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Misrephoth Maim 1 The expression **Misrephoth Maim** is the name of a place. 11:8 j033 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Misrephoth Maim 1 The expression **Misrephoth Maim** is the name of a place.
11:8 j030 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the sunrise 1 The author is using the term **sunrise** by association to mean the eastern direction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “from the east” 11:8 j030 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the sunrise 1 The author is using the term **sunrise** by association to mean the eastern direction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “from the east”
@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
11:11 s3t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche soul 1 The author is using one part of a person, the **soul**, to mean the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “person” 11:11 s3t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche soul 1 The author is using one part of a person, the **soul**, to mean the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “person”
11:11 p7h4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to the mouth of the sword, devoting {them} 1 To translate these expressions here and in the rest of the chapter, see the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter. 11:11 p7h4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to the mouth of the sword, devoting {them} 1 To translate these expressions here and in the rest of the chapter, see the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter.
11:11 e2m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Not any breathing thing remained 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [10:40](../10/40.md). You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “No person remained alive” 11:11 e2m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Not any breathing thing remained 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [10:40](../10/40.md). You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “No person remained alive”
11:13 e4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions Only all of the cities standing on their mound, Israel did not burn, except Hazor alone Joshua burned 1 If it would appear in your language that the author was making a statement and then contradicting it, you could reword this as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “The only one of the cities standing on their mounds that Joshua burned was Hazor; Israel did not burn any of the others” 11:13 j072 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions Only all of the cities standing on their mound, Israel did not burn, except Hazor alone Joshua burned 1 If it would appear in your language that the author was making a statement and then contradicting it, you could reword this as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “The only one of the cities standing on their mounds that Joshua burned was Hazor; Israel did not burn any of the others”
11:13 c8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns their mound 1 Since the author is referring to multiple mounds (one for each city), it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form. Alternate translation: “their mounds” 11:13 c8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns their mound 1 Since the author is referring to multiple mounds (one for each city), it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form. Alternate translation: “their mounds”
11:13 j037 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit all of the cities standing on their mound, Israel did not burn 1 The author does not say explicitly why Joshua did not **burn** such cities. For a likely explanation, see the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter. You could indicate the reason explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. The UST models one way to do that. 11:13 j037 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit all of the cities standing on their mound, Israel did not burn 1 The author does not say explicitly why Joshua did not **burn** such cities. For a likely explanation, see the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter. You could indicate the reason explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. The UST models one way to do that.
11:14 e7h4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They did not leave any breathing thing 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [11:11](../11/11.md). Alternate translation: “No person remained alive” 11:14 e7h4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They did not leave any breathing thing 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [11:11](../11/11.md). Alternate translation: “No person remained alive”
@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
13:25 m2n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the border 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the territory” 13:25 m2n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the border 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the territory”
13:25 e5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and half of the land of the sons of Ammon 1 The author assumes that readers will know that King Sihon and the Amorites had conquered half of the land that had formerly belonged to the Ammonites. He is referring to this land, not to a further half of the land where the Ammonites were still living. Alternate translation: “and the land that King Sihon and the Amorites had taken from the Ammonites, which amounted to half of their land” 13:25 e5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and half of the land of the sons of Ammon 1 The author assumes that readers will know that King Sihon and the Amorites had conquered half of the land that had formerly belonged to the Ammonites. He is referring to this land, not to a further half of the land where the Ammonites were still living. Alternate translation: “and the land that King Sihon and the Amorites had taken from the Ammonites, which amounted to half of their land”
13:27 h4p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys the Jordan and the border 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:23](../13/23.md). Alternate translation: “with the Jordan as a border” 13:27 h4p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys the Jordan and the border 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:23](../13/23.md). Alternate translation: “with the Jordan as a border”
13:29 e7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Moses gave 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And Moses gave land” 13:29 j095 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Moses gave 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And Moses gave land”
13:30 m9p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their border 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “their territory” 13:30 m9p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their border 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “their territory”
13:30 n2k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jair 1 The word **Jair** is the name of a man. [Numbers 32:41](../num/32/41.md) describes his conquest of these **towns**. 13:30 n2k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jair 1 The word **Jair** is the name of a man. [Numbers 32:41](../num/32/41.md) describes his conquest of these **towns**.
13:31 n5m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Makir 1 The word **Makir** is the name of a man. 13:31 n5m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Makir 1 The word **Makir** is the name of a man.
@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
16:1 j066 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the waters of Jericho from the sunrise 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here the author is using the term **sunrise** by association to mean the direction where the sun rises, that is, the east. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “to the waters east of Jericho” 16:1 j066 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the waters of Jericho from the sunrise 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here the author is using the term **sunrise** by association to mean the direction where the sun rises, that is, the east. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “to the waters east of Jericho”
16:3 m5n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy toward the sea 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here the author is using the term **sea** by association to mean the direction of the Mediterranean Sea, that is, from his perspective, the west. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “westward” 16:3 m5n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy toward the sea 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here the author is using the term **sea** by association to mean the direction of the Mediterranean Sea, that is, from his perspective, the west. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “westward”
16:2 otie rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names from Bethel to Luz 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, all names in border descriptions and lists, such as are found in this chapter, are the names of cities and towns unless otherwise indicated in the biblical text, in a note, or in the UST. So the words **Bethel** and **Luz** are the names of cities, as are similar words throughout this chapter. 16:2 otie rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names from Bethel to Luz 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, all names in border descriptions and lists, such as are found in this chapter, are the names of cities and towns unless otherwise indicated in the biblical text, in a note, or in the UST. So the words **Bethel** and **Luz** are the names of cities, as are similar words throughout this chapter.
16:3 m8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the border of the Japhletite, unto the border of Lower Beth Horon 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to the territory of the Japhletites, to the territory of Lower Beth Horon” 16:3 j103 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the border of the Japhletite, unto the border of Lower Beth Horon 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to the territory of the Japhletites, to the territory of Lower Beth Horon”
16:3 g3p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Japhletite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Japhletite**. He means the members of the Japhletite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Japhletites” 16:3 g3p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Japhletite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Japhletite**. He means the members of the Japhletite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Japhletites”
16:3 e6k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and its goings out were at the sea 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, when the author says **the sea**, typically he means the Mediterranean Sea. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “and the border ended at the Mediterranean Sea” 16:3 e6k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and its goings out were at the sea 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, when the author says **the sea**, typically he means the Mediterranean Sea. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “and the border ended at the Mediterranean Sea”
16:4 m9n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And the sons of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim 1 The author is speaking as if the people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh were actually the **sons** of Joseph. Alternate translation: “And the descendants of Joseph, the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim” 16:4 m9n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And the sons of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim 1 The author is speaking as if the people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh were actually the **sons** of Joseph. Alternate translation: “And the descendants of Joseph, the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim”
@ -726,44 +726,44 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
16:9 j067 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive set apart 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the Israelite leaders set apart” 16:9 j067 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive set apart 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the Israelite leaders set apart”
16:10 g4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Canaanite & the Canaanite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Canaanite**. He means Canaanites in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Canaanites … the Canaanites” 16:10 g4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Canaanite & the Canaanite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Canaanite**. He means Canaanites in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Canaanites … the Canaanites”
17:intro m3nk 0 # Joshua 17 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Manasseh’s lack of faith\nEven though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 17:intro m3nk 0 # Joshua 17 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Manasseh’s lack of faith\nEven though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:1 m4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And a lot was 1 The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And a territory was assigned by lot” 17:1 j068 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And a lot was 1 The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And a territory was assigned by lot”
17:1 b3k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now he was the firstborn of Joseph 1 The author is reminding readers of what he has already told them in [16:4](../16/04.md), that the descendants of Joseph had become the two tribes of Ephraim and **Manasseh**. So most of the tribal allotments went to descendants of Jacob’s sons, but the allotments described in [16:5–10](../16/05.md) and in this chapter went to descendants of Jacob’s grandsons. 17:1 j069 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now he was the firstborn of Joseph 1 The author is reminding readers of what he has already told them in [16:4](../16/04.md), that the descendants of Joseph had become the two tribes of Ephraim and **Manasseh**. So most of the tribal allotments went to descendants of Jacob’s sons, but the allotments described in [16:5–10](../16/05.md) and in this chapter went to descendants of Jacob’s grandsons.
17:1 e5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit For Makir, the firstborn of Manasseh, the father of Gilead 1 Be sure that it is clear in your translation that **Makir**, not **Manasseh**, was the **father of Gilead**. Alternate translation: “For Makir, who was the firstborn of Manasseh and who was the father of Gilead” 17:1 j070 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit For Makir, the firstborn of Manasseh, the father of Gilead 1 Be sure that it is clear in your translation that **Makir**, not **Manasseh**, was the **father of Gilead**. Alternate translation: “For Makir, who was the firstborn of Manasseh and who was the father of Gilead”
17:1 m7k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy because he was a man of war, so to him 1 The author is using the singular pronouns **he** and **him**, representing Makir, by association to mean his descendants. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “because his descendants were great warriors, so to them” 17:1 m7k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy because he was a man of war, so to him 1 The author is using the singular pronouns **he** and **him**, representing Makir, by association to mean his descendants. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “because his descendants were great warriors, so to them”
17:2 p6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And it was 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the territory assigned by lot on the west side of the Jordan River. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And the territory assigned by lot on the west side of the Jordan River was” 17:2 p6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And it was 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the territory assigned by lot on the west side of the Jordan River. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And the territory assigned by lot on the west side of the Jordan River was”
17:3 e4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions no sons were to him, if not daughters 1 If it would appear in your language that the author was making a statement and then contradicting it, you could reword this as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “the only children he had were daughters” 17:3 e4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions no sons were to him, if not daughters 1 If it would appear in your language that the author was making a statement and then contradicting it, you could reword this as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “the only children he had were daughters”
17:4 m8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And they came near to the face of Eleazar the priest and to the face of Joshua, the son of Nun, and to the face of the leaders 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the presence of a person or group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And they came into the presence of Eleazar the priest; Joshua, the son of Nun; and the leaders” or “And they approached Eleazar the priest; Joshua, the son of Nun; and the leaders” 17:4 j073 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And they came near to the face of Eleazar the priest and to the face of Joshua, the son of Nun, and to the face of the leaders 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the presence of a person or group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And they came into the presence of Eleazar the priest; Joshua, the son of Nun; and the leaders” or “And they approached Eleazar the priest; Joshua, the son of Nun; and the leaders”
17:4 m3k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy an inheritance 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the term **inheritance** means by association a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. Alternate translation: “a lasting possession of land” 17:4 m3k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy an inheritance 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the term **inheritance** means by association a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. Alternate translation: “a lasting possession of land”
17:4 m5p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor our brothers 1 Since, as [17:3](../17/03.md) indicates, these women had no actual **brothers**, they are using that term to refer to their relatives. Alternate translation: “the other members of our tribe” 17:4 m5p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor our brothers 1 Since, as [17:3](../17/03.md) indicates, these women had no actual **brothers**, they are using that term to refer to their relatives. Alternate translation: “the other members of our tribe”
17:4 p2k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And he gave 1 The pronoun **he** refers to Joshua. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And Joshua gave” 17:4 p2k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And he gave 1 The pronoun **he** refers to Joshua. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And Joshua gave”
17:4 m7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy according to the mouth of Yahweh 1 The author is using the term **mouth** by association to mean the words that Yahweh spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “according to what Yahweh had commanded” 17:4 m7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy according to the mouth of Yahweh 1 The author is using the term **mouth** by association to mean the words that Yahweh spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “according to what Yahweh had commanded”
17:4 k3p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship the brothers of their father 1 Your language may have its own term or expression for this relationship. Alternate translation: “their uncles” 17:4 k3p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship the brothers of their father 1 Your language may have its own term or expression for this relationship. Alternate translation: “their uncles”
17:5 m4k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy So ten portions of Manasseh fell 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:6](../13/06.md). Alternate translation: “So the leaders assigned ten portions of land by lot to the tribe of Manasseh” 17:5 j074 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy So ten portions of Manasseh fell 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:6](../13/06.md). Alternate translation: “So the leaders assigned ten portions of land by lot to the tribe of Manasseh”
17:5 e8p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So ten portions of Manasseh fell 1 The meaning in context seems to be that five of these **portions** went to the clans named in [17:2](../17/02.md) and the other five went to the daughters of Zelophehad and their descendants. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “So the leaders assigned portions of land to the five clans descended from Manasseh’s sons and to the five daughters of Zelphehad and their families” 17:5 e8p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So ten portions of Manasseh fell 1 The meaning in context seems to be that five of these **portions** went to the clans named in [17:2](../17/02.md) and the other five went to the daughters of Zelophehad and their descendants. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “So the leaders assigned portions of land to the five clans descended from Manasseh’s sons and to the five daughters of Zelphehad and their families”
17:5 i5k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom which {were} from the other side of the Jordan 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative to another from his own perspective and in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations in the way your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “on the east side of the Jordan River” 17:5 i5k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom which {were} from the other side of the Jordan 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative to another from his own perspective and in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations in the way your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “on the east side of the Jordan River”
17:6 m6p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the daughters of Manasseh & his sons 1 The author is speaking of these people as if they were the actual **daughters** and **sons** of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the female descendants of Manasseh who had no brothers ... his male descendants” 17:6 m6p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the daughters of Manasseh & his sons 1 The author is speaking of these people as if they were the actual **daughters** and **sons** of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the female descendants of Manasseh who had no brothers ... his male descendants”
17:7 m3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy which is on the face of Shechem 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the area in front of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “which is next to Shechem” 17:7 j075 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy which is on the face of Shechem 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the area in front of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “which is next to Shechem”
17:8 b5p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background The land of Tappuah was to Manasseh, but Tappuah at the border of Manasseh {was} to the sons of Ephraim 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that while the territory around Tappuah belonged to Manasseh, the city of Tappuah itself belonged to Ephraim. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. 17:8 b5p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background The land of Tappuah was to Manasseh, but Tappuah at the border of Manasseh {was} to the sons of Ephraim 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that while the territory around Tappuah belonged to Manasseh, the city of Tappuah itself belonged to Ephraim. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
17:9 e7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and its goings out were seaward 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, when the author says **seaward**, typically he means the Mediterranean Sea. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and the border ended at the Mediterranean Sea” 17:9 e7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and its goings out were seaward 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, when the author says **seaward**, typically he means the Mediterranean Sea. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and the border ended at the Mediterranean Sea”
17:10 e4n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Southward {was} to Ephraim, and northward {was} to Manasseh 1 The author assumes that readers will understand he is referring to the land on either side of the wadi of Kanah. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The land south of the wadi of Kanah belonged to Ephraim, while the land north of the wadi belonged to Manasseh” 17:10 e4n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Southward {was} to Ephraim, and northward {was} to Manasseh 1 The author assumes that readers will understand he is referring to the land on either side of the wadi of Kanah. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The land south of the wadi of Kanah belonged to Ephraim, while the land north of the wadi belonged to Manasseh”
17:10 p8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns its border 1 The pronoun **its** refers to the territory of Manasseh. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Manasseh’s western border” 17:10 p8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns its border 1 The pronoun **its** refers to the territory of Manasseh. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Manasseh’s western border”
17:10 p3m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And it met 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the territory of Manasseh. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And Manasseh’s territory met” 17:10 j076 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And it met 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the territory of Manasseh. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And Manasseh’s territory met”
17:11 m5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and its daughters 1 The author is speaking of these towns as if they were the **daughters** of the main cities. Alternate translation: “and its surrounding towns” 17:11 m5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and its daughters 1 The author is speaking of these towns as if they were the **daughters** of the main cities. Alternate translation: “and its surrounding towns”
17:11 e9p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the three of a height 1 This could mean: (1) that the last three cities mentioned, **En Dor**, **Taanach**, and **Megiddo**, were located on heights. They were all near the city of **Dor**, and they may have been considered part of the “heights of Dor” mentioned in [11:2](../11/02.md). Alternate translation: “these last three cities being in the heights of Dor” (2) that the author wants readers to recognize that the city he calls **Dor** was also known as Naphoth Dor. The word translated as **a height** could be a proper name, Naphoth. Alternate translation: “the third city on this list also being known as Naphoth Dor” 17:11 e9p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the three of a height 1 This could mean: (1) that the last three cities mentioned, **En Dor**, **Taanach**, and **Megiddo**, were located on heights. They were all near the city of **Dor**, and they may have been considered part of the “heights of Dor” mentioned in [11:2](../11/02.md). Alternate translation: “these last three cities being in the heights of Dor” (2) that the author wants readers to recognize that the city he calls **Dor** was also known as Naphoth Dor. The word translated as **a height** could be a proper name, Naphoth. Alternate translation: “the third city on this list also being known as Naphoth Dor”
17:12 g4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Canaanite & they did not dispossess him 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Canaanite**. He means the Canaanite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Canaanites … they did not dispossess them” 17:12 g4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Canaanite & they did not dispossess him 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Canaanite**. He means the Canaanite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Canaanites … they did not dispossess them”
17:13 r5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication But dispossessing, they did not dispossess him 1 The author is repeating the verb **dispossess** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “But they definitely did not drive them out” 17:13 r5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication But dispossessing, they did not dispossess him 1 The author is repeating the verb **dispossess** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “But they definitely did not drive them out”
17:14 ID rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you given to me {as} an inheritance one lot and one portion, when I am a numerous people, since Yahweh has blessed me unto now? 1 The descendants of Joseph are using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not have given us only one lot, one portion, as an inheritance! After all, we are a numerous people, since Yahweh has blessed us unto now.” 17:14 j080 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you given to me {as} an inheritance one lot and one portion, when I am a numerous people, since Yahweh has blessed me unto now? 1 The descendants of Joseph are using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not have given us only one lot, one portion, as an inheritance! After all, we are a numerous people, since Yahweh has blessed us unto now.”
17:14 p3k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to me & when I am & has blessed me 1 The author is speaking of the tribes of Joseph as if they were a single person who could speak. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly using plural pronouns, as the author himself does in verse 16. Alternate translation: “to us ... when we are ... has blessed us” 17:14 j077 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to me & when I am & has blessed me 1 The author is speaking of the tribes of Joseph as if they were a single person who could speak. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly using plural pronouns, as the author himself does in verse 16. Alternate translation: “to us ... when we are ... has blessed us”
17:14 d7m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet one lot and one portion 1 The terms **lot** and **portion** mean similar things. The descendants of Joseph are using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “only one portion of land” 17:14 d7m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet one lot and one portion 1 The terms **lot** and **portion** mean similar things. The descendants of Joseph are using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “only one portion of land”
17:15 p8n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification you are & go up for yourself & and you shall clear for yourself & to you 1 Joshua is speaking to the tribes of Joseph as if they were a single person who could receive commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly using plural pronouns. Alternate translation: “all of you are ... go up for yourselves ... you shall clear for yourselves ... to all of you” 17:15 p8n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification you are & go up for yourself & and you shall clear for yourself & to you 1 Joshua is speaking to the tribes of Joseph as if they were a single person who could receive commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly using plural pronouns. Alternate translation: “all of you are ... go up for yourselves ... you shall clear for yourselves ... to all of you”
17:15 e4k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and you shall clear 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and you shall clear the land” 17:15 e4k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and you shall clear 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and you shall clear the land”
17:15 g6p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Perizzite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Perizzite**. He means the Perizzite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Perizzites” 17:15 g6p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Perizzite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Perizzite**. He means the Perizzite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Perizzites”
17:15 i3k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom is narrow to you 1 Joshua is using a common expression to mean there is not enough space. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is not big enough for you” 17:15 j078 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom is narrow to you 1 Joshua is using a common expression to mean there is not enough space. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is not big enough for you”
17:16 g5m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun and a chariot of iron {is} with every Canaanite 1 The descendants of Joseph are not referring to a specific **Canaanite** or to a specific **chariot**. They mean the members of the Canaanite people group in general and the chariots they possess. It may be more natural in your language to express these meanings using plural forms. Alternate translation: “and the Canaanites all have iron chariots” 17:16 g5m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun and a chariot of iron {is} with every Canaanite 1 The descendants of Joseph are not referring to a specific **Canaanite** or to a specific **chariot**. They mean the members of the Canaanite people group in general and the chariots they possess. It may be more natural in your language to express these meanings using plural forms. Alternate translation: “and the Canaanites all have iron chariots”
17:16 m2k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and a chariot of iron 1 The metal iron was barely used during this time period, so this is not a reference to chariots entirely made of **iron**. Those would have been too heavy for any practical use in warfare anyway. It is probably a reference by association to chariots whose wheels or floor were strengthened with iron or that had iron studs or points to make them more destructive when used in ramming. Alternate translation: “chariots fitted out with iron” 17:16 m2k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and a chariot of iron 1 The metal iron was barely used during this time period, so this is not a reference to chariots entirely made of **iron**. Those would have been too heavy for any practical use in warfare anyway. It is probably a reference by association to chariots whose wheels or floor were strengthened with iron or that had iron studs or points to make them more destructive when used in ramming. Alternate translation: “chariots fitted out with iron”
17:17 m7p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to the house of Joseph 1 The author is speaking of the tribes descended from Joseph as if they were a **house**. He is envisioning them as if they were one household living together. Alternate translation: “to the tribes descended from Joseph” 17:17 m7p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to the house of Joseph 1 The author is speaking of the tribes descended from Joseph as if they were a **house**. He is envisioning them as if they were one household living together. Alternate translation: “to the tribes descended from Joseph”
17:17 p4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification You {are} & {is} to you & to you 1 Joshua is speaking of the tribes of Joseph as if they were a single person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly using plural pronouns. Alternate translation: “All of you are ... is to all of you all ... to all of you” 17:17 j090 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification You {are} & {is} to you & to you 1 Joshua is speaking of the tribes of Joseph as if they were a single person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly using plural pronouns. Alternate translation: “All of you are ... is to all of you all ... to all of you”
17:17 d8n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives There will not be one lot to you 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the term **one**, which is negative in this context. Alternate translation: “You will receive more than one lot” 17:17 j079 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives There will not be one lot to you 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the term **one**, which is negative in this context. Alternate translation: “You will receive more than one lot”
17:17 apm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy one lot 1 Joshua is using the term **lot** by association to a portion of territory assigned by lot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “one portion of territory” 17:17 apm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy one lot 1 Joshua is using the term **lot** by association to a portion of territory assigned by lot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “one portion of territory”
17:18 g2k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases For & For 1 Joshua is using the word **For** in each instance to introduce the reason for what he has just said. Alternate translation: “You will have more than one portion because ... This is also true because” 17:18 g2k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases For & For 1 Joshua is using the word **For** in each instance to introduce the reason for what he has just said. Alternate translation: “You will have more than one portion because ... This is also true because”
17:18 s5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche and its goings out will be to you 1 The author is using one part of the territory, its **goings out** or boundaries, to mean all of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and all of that territory will belong to you” 17:18 s5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche and its goings out will be to you 1 The author is using one part of the territory, its **goings out** or boundaries, to mean all of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and all of that territory will belong to you”
@ -774,56 +774,56 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
18:1 s5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to their face 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean what was in front of the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before them” 18:1 s5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to their face 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean what was in front of the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before them”
18:2 p7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns they had not divided 1 The pronoun **they** refers to Joshua and the leaders of Israel. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Joshua and the leaders had not divided” 18:2 p7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns they had not divided 1 The pronoun **they** refers to Joshua and the leaders of Israel. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Joshua and the leaders had not divided”
18:2 m4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their inheritance 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the term **inheritance** means by association a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. Alternate translation: “a lasting possession of land” 18:2 m4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their inheritance 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the term **inheritance** means by association a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. Alternate translation: “a lasting possession of land”
18:3 ID rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche to the sons of Israel 1 The context makes clear that the author is using an entire group, the **sons of Israel**, to mean one part of that group, the Israelite tribes that had not yet received any land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the leaders of those tribes” 18:3 j081 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche to the sons of Israel 1 The context makes clear that the author is using an entire group, the **sons of Israel**, to mean one part of that group, the Israelite tribes that had not yet received any land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the leaders of those tribes”
18:3 r5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Unto when will you slacken yourselves to enter to possess the land that Yahweh, the God of your fathers, has given to you? 1 Joshua is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You must stop being so slow to enter and take possession of the land that Yahweh, the God of your fathers, has given to you!” 18:3 j082 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Unto when will you slacken yourselves to enter to possess the land that Yahweh, the God of your fathers, has given to you? 1 Joshua is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You must stop being so slow to enter and take possession of the land that Yahweh, the God of your fathers, has given to you!”
18:3 m6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your fathers 1 Joshua is speaking as if these people were the actual **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your ancestors” 18:3 m6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your fathers 1 Joshua is speaking as if these people were the actual **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your ancestors”
18:4 i3n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and they shall arise 1 As in the similar expressions in [1:2](../01/02.md) and [1:2](../01/02.md), Joshua is using the term **arise** to mean “take action.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they will act on this matter” 18:4 i3n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and they shall arise 1 As in the similar expressions in [1:2](../01/02.md) and [1:2](../01/02.md), Joshua is using the term **arise** to mean “take action.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they will act on this matter”
18:4 i8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy according to the mouth of their inheritance 1 Joshua is using the expression **the mouth** to mean “the needs,” since people need food to put in their mouths. Alternate translation: “according to what they need to inherit” or “according to the number of regions that these remaining tribes will need to live in” 18:4 j083 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy according to the mouth of their inheritance 1 Joshua is using the expression **the mouth** to mean “the needs,” since people need food to put in their mouths. Alternate translation: “according to what they need to inherit” or “according to the number of regions that these remaining tribes will need to live in”
18:5 m4p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will stand on its border & will stand on their border 1 Joshua is using the term **border** by association in both instances to mean territory enclosed within borders. The word **stand** has the sense of “remain.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “will remain in its territory ... will remain in their territory” or “will retain all of its territory ... will retain all of their territory” 18:5 m4p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will stand on its border & will stand on their border 1 Joshua is using the term **border** by association in both instances to mean territory enclosed within borders. The word **stand** has the sense of “remain.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “will remain in its territory ... will remain in their territory” or “will retain all of its territory ... will retain all of their territory”
18:5 i7k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the south & from the north 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative another from his own perspective and in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations in the way that your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “in the south ... in the north” or “in the southern part of the land of Canaan ... in the northern part of the land of Canaan” 18:5 i7k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the south & from the north 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative another from his own perspective and in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations in the way that your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “in the south ... in the north” or “in the southern part of the land of Canaan ... in the northern part of the land of Canaan”
18:6 m5n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the face of 1 Joshua is using the term **face** by association to mean the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “in the presence of” 18:6 j084 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the face of 1 Joshua is using the term **face** by association to mean the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “in the presence of”
18:8 i4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And the men arose 1 The author is using a common expression to mean that these men took action. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the men acted on these instructions” 18:8 j087 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And the men arose 1 The author is using a common expression to mean that these men took action. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the men acted on these instructions”
18:11 e6p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the lot of the tribe of the sons of Benjamin according to their clans came up 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he means the first **lot**, that is, the lot that assigned the first of these seven divisions of territory. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And when Joshua threw the lot, it selected the tribe of the sons of Benjamin according to their clans to receive the first division of the land the men had described” 18:11 e6p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the lot of the tribe of the sons of Benjamin according to their clans came up 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he means the first **lot**, that is, the lot that assigned the first of these seven divisions of territory. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And when Joshua threw the lot, it selected the tribe of the sons of Benjamin according to their clans to receive the first division of the land the men had described”
18:11 m3k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And the border of their lot 1 The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And the border of their assigned territory” 18:11 m3k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And the border of their lot 1 The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And the border of their assigned territory”
18:11 m8p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy between the sons of Judah and between the sons of Joseph 1 The author is using the terms **sons of Judah** and **sons of Joseph** by association to mean the territories of these tribes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “between the territory of Judah’s descendants and the territory of Joseph’s descendants” 18:11 j088 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy between the sons of Judah and between the sons of Joseph 1 The author is using the terms **sons of Judah** and **sons of Joseph** by association to mean the territories of these tribes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “between the territory of Judah’s descendants and the territory of Joseph’s descendants”
18:12 e5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to the mouth of the north 1 Here the word **mouth** has the sense of “end” or “edge,” perhaps because the mouth of an animal is typically at one end of it. Alternate translation: “on the northern end of their territory” or “on the northern edge of their territory” 18:12 e5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to the mouth of the north 1 Here the word **mouth** has the sense of “end” or “edge,” perhaps because the mouth of an animal is typically at one end of it. Alternate translation: “on the northern end of their territory” or “on the northern edge of their territory”
18:12 p7n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the shoulder of Jericho from the north 1 The author is speaking of the mound on which **Jericho** was built as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the northern slope of the Jericho mound” 18:12 p7n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the shoulder of Jericho from the north 1 The author is speaking of the mound on which **Jericho** was built as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the northern slope of the Jericho mound”
18:13 p4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to the shoulder of Luz southward 1 The author is speaking of the hill on which **Luz** was built as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the southern slope of the hill on which the city of Luz is built” 18:13 p4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to the shoulder of Luz southward 1 The author is speaking of the hill on which **Luz** was built as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the southern slope of the hill on which the city of Luz is built”
18:13 b6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it {is} Bethel 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city formerly known as **Luz** is the one they know as **Bethel**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. 18:13 b6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it {is} Bethel 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city formerly known as **Luz** is the one they know as **Bethel**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
18:14 m5p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that {is} on the face of Beth Horon southward 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the area in front of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “that is next to Beth Horon on the south” 18:14 j091 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that {is} on the face of Beth Horon southward 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the area in front of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “that is next to Beth Horon on the south”
18:14 b8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it {is} Kiriath Jearim 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city known as **Kiriath Baal** is the one they know as **Kiriath Jearim**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. 18:14 b8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it {is} Kiriath Jearim 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city known as **Kiriath Baal** is the one they know as **Kiriath Jearim**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
18:14 e3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit This {was} the mouth of the sea 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “This was the western edge of the territory” 18:14 e3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit This {was} the mouth of the sea 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “This was the western edge of the territory”
18:15 e7k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the mouth southward 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “And the southern boundary” 18:15 e7k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the mouth southward 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “And the southern boundary”
18:16 m4p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that {is} on the face of the Valley of Ben Hinnom 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the area in front of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “that is next to the Valley of Ben Hinnom” 18:16 m4p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that {is} on the face of the Valley of Ben Hinnom 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the area in front of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “that is next to the Valley of Ben Hinnom”
18:16 m6k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the shoulder of the Jebusite to the south 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [15:8](../15/08.md). Alternate translation: “to the southern slope of Mount Zion” 18:16 m6k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the shoulder of the Jebusite to the south 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [15:8](../15/08.md). Alternate translation: “to the southern slope of Mount Zion”
18:18 p5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification And it passed over to the shoulder of the front of the Arabah northward and went down to the Arabah 1 The author is speaking of the terrain as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then it continued onto the north side of the slope facing the plains and went down into the plains” 18:18 p5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification And it passed over to the shoulder of the front of the Arabah northward and went down to the Arabah 1 The author is speaking of the terrain as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then it continued onto the north side of the slope facing the plains and went down into the plains”
18:19 p8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the shoulder of Beth Hoglah northward 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “to the northern slope of the hill on which the city of Beth Hoglah is built” 18:19 j092 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the shoulder of Beth Hoglah northward 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “to the northern slope of the hill on which the city of Beth Hoglah is built”
18:19 p3n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the tongue of the Sea of Salt northward 1 See how you translated the same expression in [15:2](../15/02.md). Alternate translation: “the bay at the north end of the Dead Sea” 18:19 j093 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the tongue of the Sea of Salt northward 1 See how you translated the same expression in [15:2](../15/02.md). Alternate translation: “the bay at the north end of the Dead Sea”
18:20 e7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the Jordan borders it to the mouth eastward 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “And the Jordan River is its eastern boundary” 18:20 e7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the Jordan borders it to the mouth eastward 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “And the Jordan River is its eastern boundary”
18:28 m4p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and the Jebusite 1 The author is using the term **Jebusite** by association to mean the city in which the Jebusite people group lived. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “and the city of the Jebusites” 18:28 m4p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and the Jebusite 1 The author is using the term **Jebusite** by association to mean the city in which the Jebusite people group lived. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “and the city of the Jebusites”
18:28 b6k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it {is} Jerusalem 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city of the Jebusites is the one they know as **Jerusalem**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. 18:28 b6k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it {is} Jerusalem 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city of the Jebusites is the one they know as **Jerusalem**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
19:intro j62l 0 # Joshua 19 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 19:intro j62l 0 # Joshua 19 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:1 o4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal And the second lot 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “And lot number two” 19:1 o4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal And the second lot 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “And lot number two”
19:8 b5n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Baalath Beer (Ramah of the Negev) 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city known as **Baalath Beer** is the one they know as **Ramah of the Negev**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. 19:8 b5n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Baalath Beer (Ramah of the Negev) 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city known as **Baalath Beer** is the one they know as **Ramah of the Negev**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
19:13 p7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive being turned 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “turning” 19:13 j096 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive being turned 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “turning”
19:14 p3n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns it 1 The pronoun **it** refers to Neah. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Neah” 19:14 j094 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns it 1 The pronoun **it** refers to Neah. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Neah”
19:15 e6k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Kattath and Nahalal and Shimron and Idalah and Bethlehem 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And their territory included Kattath and Nahalal and Shimron and Idalah and Bethlehem” 19:15 j097 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Kattath and Nahalal and Shimron and Idalah and Bethlehem 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And their territory included Kattath and Nahalal and Shimron and Idalah and Bethlehem”
19:15 e8p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 12 cities and their villages 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he is not listing all 12 of the cities that belonged to Zebulun but that the ones he does list were among them. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “these were among their 12 cities with their villages” 19:15 e8p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 12 cities and their villages 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he is not listing all 12 of the cities that belonged to Zebulun but that the ones he does list were among them. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “these were among their 12 cities with their villages”
19:18 m4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And their border {was} Jezreel and Chesulloth and Shunem 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory enclosed within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And their territory included the following cities: Jezreel and Chesulloth and Shunem” 19:18 j098 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And their border {was} Jezreel and Chesulloth and Shunem 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory enclosed within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And their territory included the following cities: Jezreel and Chesulloth and Shunem”
19:25 m6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And their border {was} Helkath and Hali and Beten and Akshaph 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory enclosed within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And their territory included the following cities: Helkath and Hali and Beten and Akshaph” 19:25 m6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And their border {was} Helkath and Hali and Beten and Akshaph 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory enclosed within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And their territory included the following cities: Helkath and Hali and Beten and Akshaph”
19:26 p5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And it met with Carmel 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the border or territory of Asher. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And their border began at Mount Carmel” 19:26 j099 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And it met with Carmel 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the border or territory of Asher. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And their border began at Mount Carmel”
19:27 e7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit from the left 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he is speaking from the perspective of a person facing east, which was the customary orientation in this culture. So **left** means “north.” You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to the north” 19:27 j100 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit from the left 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he is speaking from the perspective of a person facing east, which was the customary orientation in this culture. So **left** means “north.” You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to the north”
19:29 a4k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the city of fortification of Tyre 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **fortification**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the fortified city of Tyre” 19:29 a4k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the city of fortification of Tyre 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **fortification**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the fortified city of Tyre”
19:30 e8p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 22 cities and their villages 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he is not listing all 22 of the cities that belonged to Asher but that the ones he does list were among them. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “these were among their 22 cities with their villages” 19:30 e8p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 22 cities and their villages 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he is not listing all 22 of the cities that belonged to Asher but that the ones he does list were among them. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “these were among their 22 cities with their villages”
19:35 a5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns And the cities of fortification 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **fortification**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “And the fortified cities” 19:35 a5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns And the cities of fortification 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **fortification**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “And the fortified cities”
19:41 m6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And the border of their inheritance was 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory enclosed within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And the territory that the leaders gave to them included” 19:41 j101 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And the border of their inheritance was 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory enclosed within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And the territory that the leaders gave to them included”
19:47 p4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification But the border of the sons of Dan went out from them 1 The author is speaking of the **border**, here representing the territory, as if it were a living thing that could move by itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But enemies reconquered some of the territory of the tribe of Dan” 19:47 p4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification But the border of the sons of Dan went out from them 1 The author is speaking of the **border**, here representing the territory, as if it were a living thing that could move by itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But enemies reconquered some of the territory of the tribe of Dan”
19:47 p7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification and they struck it to the mouth of the sword 1 See how you translated the same expression in [8:24](../08/24.md). Alternate translation: “and they attacked it and killed everyone who lived there” 19:47 j107 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification and they struck it to the mouth of the sword 1 See how you translated the same expression in [8:24](../08/24.md). Alternate translation: “and they attacked it and killed everyone who lived there”
19:47 m3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their father Dan 1 The author is speaking as if **Dan** were the actual **father(( of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their ancestor Dan” 19:47 j108 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their father Dan 1 The author is speaking as if **Dan** were the actual **father(( of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their ancestor Dan”
19:50 m8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Upon the mouth of Yahweh 1 The author is using the term **mouth** by association to mean the words that Yahweh spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “As Yahweh had commanded” 19:50 m8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Upon the mouth of Yahweh 1 The author is using the term **mouth** by association to mean the words that Yahweh spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “As Yahweh had commanded”
19:50 e6p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And he built the city 1 Since the city of **Timnath Serah** already existed, the author seems to mean implicitly that Joshua rebuilt the city after the Israelites had attacked and conquered it or that Joshua fortified and expanded it. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And Joshua rebuilt the city” or “And Joshua fortified and expanded the city” 19:50 j104 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And he built the city 1 Since the city of **Timnath Serah** already existed, the author seems to mean implicitly that Joshua rebuilt the city after the Israelites had attacked and conquered it or that Joshua fortified and expanded it. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And Joshua rebuilt the city” or “And Joshua fortified and expanded the city”
19:50 w599 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche And he built the city 1 The author is using Joshua to represent everyone who worked to rebuild or fortify **Timnath Serah**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And Joshua had the city rebuilt” or “And Joshua directed the fortification and expansion of the city” 19:50 w599 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche And he built the city 1 The author is using Joshua to represent everyone who worked to rebuild or fortify **Timnath Serah**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And Joshua had the city rebuilt” or “And Joshua directed the fortification and expansion of the city”
19:51 e5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and the heads of the fathers of 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:1](../14/01.md). Alternate translation: “and the heads of the father’s houses of” or “and the men who led the extended families of” 19:51 j105 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and the heads of the fathers of 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:1](../14/01.md). Alternate translation: “and the heads of the father’s houses of” or “and the men who led the extended families of”
20:intro vg5f 0 # Joshua 20 General Notes 20:intro vg5f 0 # Joshua 20 General Notes
20:2 q4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘Give for yourselves the cities of refuge that I spoke to you by the hand of Moses 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Speak to the sons of Israel and tell them to give for themselves the cities of refuge that I spoke to them about by the hand of Moses” 20:2 q4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘Give for yourselves the cities of refuge that I spoke to you by the hand of Moses 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Speak to the sons of Israel and tell them to give for themselves the cities of refuge that I spoke to them about by the hand of Moses”
20:2 s5n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of Moses 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Moses” 20:2 s5n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of Moses 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Moses”
@ -831,34 +831,34 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
20:3 u4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown from the avenger of blood 1 In this culture, an **avenger of blood** was a close relative who had the right and responsibility to execute someone who had murdered one of his relatives. If your readers would not be familiar with this role, in your translation you could use a descriptive phrase. Alternate translation: “from a relative who has the right to execute someone who has murdered his relative” 20:3 u4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown from the avenger of blood 1 In this culture, an **avenger of blood** was a close relative who had the right and responsibility to execute someone who had murdered one of his relatives. If your readers would not be familiar with this role, in your translation you could use a descriptive phrase. Alternate translation: “from a relative who has the right to execute someone who has murdered his relative”
20:4 p7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And he shall flee 1 The pronoun **he** refers to anyone who has killed someone accidentally. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And the person who has killed someone accidentally shall flee” 20:4 p7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And he shall flee 1 The pronoun **he** refers to anyone who has killed someone accidentally. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And the person who has killed someone accidentally shall flee”
20:4 m3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and he shall speak his words in the ears of the elders of that city 1 Yahweh is using the term **words** to mean what this person would say by using words, and he is using the term **ears** by association to mean hearing and understanding. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “and he shall explain his situation to the elders of that city so that they understand it” 20:4 m3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and he shall speak his words in the ears of the elders of that city 1 Yahweh is using the term **words** to mean what this person would say by using words, and he is using the term **ears** by association to mean hearing and understanding. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “and he shall explain his situation to the elders of that city so that they understand it”
20:5 i5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from yesterday {or} the third day 1 See how you translated the same expression in [3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “in the past” 20:5 j109 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from yesterday {or} the third day 1 See how you translated the same expression in [3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “in the past”
20:6 a4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns for judgment 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to judge his case” or “to decide whether he is actually guilty of murder” 20:6 a4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns for judgment 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to judge his case” or “to decide whether he is actually guilty of murder”
20:6 e6k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis until the death of the great priest 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and even if he is found innocent, he must still remain there until the death of the high priest” 20:6 e6k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis until the death of the great priest 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and even if he is found innocent, he must still remain there until the death of the high priest”
20:6 m8p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who is in those days 1 Yahweh is using the expression **in those days** by association to mean serving as high priest at that time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “who is serving at that time” 20:6 j089 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who is in those days 1 Yahweh is using the expression **in those days** by association to mean serving as high priest at that time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “who is serving at that time”
20:7 b5k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it is Hebron 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city he calls **Kiriath Arba** is the one they know as **Hebron**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. 20:7 b5k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it is Hebron 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city he calls **Kiriath Arba** is the one they know as **Hebron**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
20:9 a7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the cities of appointment 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appointment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the cities that were appointed” 20:9 a7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the cities of appointment 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appointment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the cities that were appointed”
21:intro pp5c 0 # Joshua 21 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 21:intro pp5c 0 # Joshua 21 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:1 e5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And the heads of the fathers of & the heads of the fathers of 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:1](../14/01.md). Alternate translation: “And the heads of the father’s houses of ... the heads of the father’s houses of” or “And the men who led the extended families of ... the men who led the extended families of” 21:1 j106 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And the heads of the fathers of & the heads of the fathers of 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:1](../14/01.md). Alternate translation: “And the heads of the father’s houses of ... the heads of the father’s houses of” or “And the men who led the extended families of ... the men who led the extended families of”
21:2 s4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of Moses 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Moses” 21:2 s4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of Moses 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Moses”
21:3 m6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy upon the mouth of Yahweh 1 See how you translated the same expression in [19:50](../19/50.md). Alternate translation: “as Yahweh had commanded” 21:3 j102 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy upon the mouth of Yahweh 1 See how you translated the same expression in [19:50](../19/50.md). Alternate translation: “as Yahweh had commanded”
21:4 e7p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the lot came out for the clans of the Kohathite. And for the sons of Aaron the priest, from the Levites, there were 13 cities by the lot 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that the leaders decided to assign cities to the groups of Levites in a particular order (Kohathite priests, Kohathite non-priests, Gershonites, and Merarites) and then cast lots to see which cities would go to each group. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The leaders started by casting lots to decide which cities would belong to the Levites from the Kohathite clan who were priests, descendants of Aaron. The lot selected 13 cities for them” 21:4 e7p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the lot came out for the clans of the Kohathite. And for the sons of Aaron the priest, from the Levites, there were 13 cities by the lot 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that the leaders decided to assign cities to the groups of Levites in a particular order (Kohathite priests, Kohathite non-priests, Gershonites, and Merarites) and then cast lots to see which cities would go to each group. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The leaders started by casting lots to decide which cities would belong to the Levites from the Kohathite clan who were priests, descendants of Aaron. The lot selected 13 cities for them”
21:5 e3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And for the remaining sons of Kohath 1 The author assumes that readers will understand what he means by **remaining**. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And for the descendants of Kohath who were not priests, descendants of Aaron” 21:5 e3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And for the remaining sons of Kohath 1 The author assumes that readers will understand what he means by **remaining**. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And for the descendants of Kohath who were not priests, descendants of Aaron”
21:8 s5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of Moses 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Moses” 21:8 s5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of Moses 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Moses”
21:9 p4k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns which one calls them by name 1 Here, **one** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “which are mentioned here by name” 21:9 p4k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns which one calls them by name 1 Here, **one** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “which are mentioned here by name”
21:10 o7n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the first lot 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “lot number one” 21:10 o7n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the first lot 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “lot number one”
21:11 b6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Kiriath Arba (the father of the Anak, it is Hebron) 1 See how you presented the similar background information that the author provides in [14:15](../14/15.md) about the former and current name of this city. 21:11 b6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Kiriath Arba (the father of the Anak, it is Hebron) 1 See how you presented the similar background information that the author provides in [14:15](../14/15.md) about the former and current name of this city.
21:17 e5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And from the tribe of Benjamin 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And from the tribe of Benjamin they gave these cities:” 21:17 j071 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And from the tribe of Benjamin 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And from the tribe of Benjamin they gave these cities:”
21:20 e4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining ones from the sons of Kohath 1 The author assumes that readers will understand what he means by **remaining**. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Kohath who were not priests” 21:20 j110 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining ones from the sons of Kohath 1 The author assumes that readers will understand what he means by **remaining**. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Kohath who were not priests”
21:21 e6k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Gezer and its pasturelands 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And they gave them Gezer and its pasturelands” 21:21 e6k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Gezer and its pasturelands 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And they gave them Gezer and its pasturelands”
21:26 e5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining clans of the sons of Kohath 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [21:5](../21/05.md). Alternate translation: “the clans of Kohath’s descendants who were not priests” 21:26 j111 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining clans of the sons of Kohath 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [21:5](../21/05.md). Alternate translation: “the clans of Kohath’s descendants who were not priests”
21:34 e7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining Levites 1 In this case, the term **remaining** means something different than it did in verses 5 and 26. The author is using it to refer implicitly to the last group of Levites, which had not yet received any cities. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the group of Levites that was still waiting to receive cities” 21:34 j112 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining Levites 1 In this case, the term **remaining** means something different than it did in verses 5 and 26. The author is using it to refer implicitly to the last group of Levites, which had not yet received any cities. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the group of Levites that was still waiting to receive cities”
21:40 e3n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining ones from the clans of the Levites 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [21:34](../21/34.md). Alternate translation: “the clan of Levites that was still waiting to receive cities” 21:40 e3n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining ones from the clans of the Levites 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [21:34](../21/34.md). Alternate translation: “the clan of Levites that was still waiting to receive cities”
21:42 i4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom These cities were city, city, and its pasturelands around it 1 The author is using a common expression to mean that this was true of each city individually. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Each one of these cities had its own pasturelands around it” 21:42 i4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom These cities were city, city, and its pasturelands around it 1 The author is using a common expression to mean that this was true of each city individually. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Each one of these cities had its own pasturelands around it”
21:43 m6p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to their fathers 1 The author is speaking as if these people were the actual **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to their ancestors” 21:43 m6p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to their fathers 1 The author is speaking as if these people were the actual **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to their ancestors”
21:44 m5n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to their fathers 1 The author is speaking as if these people were the actual **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to their ancestors” 21:44 j085 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to their fathers 1 The author is speaking as if these people were the actual **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to their ancestors”
21:44 i7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And a man did not stand against their faces from all of their enemies 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md) and [2:11](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “Not a single one of their enemies had been able to resist them” 21:44 j113 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And a man did not stand against their faces from all of their enemies 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md) and [2:11](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “Not a single one of their enemies had been able to resist them”
21:45 m3p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A word did not fall from every good word that Yahweh had spoken 1 The author is speaking as if Yahweh’s words were objects that could fall to the ground and be lost. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Not a single one of the good words Yahweh had spoken failed to come true” 21:45 j114 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A word did not fall from every good word that Yahweh had spoken 1 The author is speaking as if Yahweh’s words were objects that could fall to the ground and be lost. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Not a single one of the good words Yahweh had spoken failed to come true”
21:45 p8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The whole came 1 The author is speaking of **the whole** (that is, everything that Yahweh had promised) as if it were a living thing that could **come** somewhere. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Everything happened just as he said it would” 21:45 j115 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The whole came 1 The author is speaking of **the whole** (that is, everything that Yahweh had promised) as if it were a living thing that could **come** somewhere. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Everything happened just as he said it would”
22:intro l4hr 0 # Joshua 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument\n\nThe tribes east of the Jordan River said, “Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, ‘You have no share in Yahweh.’” They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land. 22:intro l4hr 0 # Joshua 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument\n\nThe tribes east of the Jordan River said, “Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, ‘You have no share in Yahweh.’” They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land.
22:1 ic3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לָ⁠רֽאוּבֵנִ֖י 1 people of the tribe of Reuben 22:1 ic3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לָ⁠רֽאוּבֵנִ֖י 1 people of the tribe of Reuben
22:1 w3xd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֑י 1 people of the tribe of Gad 22:1 w3xd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֑י 1 people of the tribe of Gad

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
532 11:6 s8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche from their faces 1 The author is using one part of people, their **faces**, to mean entire people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of them”
533 11:6 i3t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will give all of them slain to the face of Israel 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [10:12](../10/12.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will enable you to slay all of them”
534 11:6 u7h4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown You will hamstring their horses 1 A hamstring is a tendon behind the knee that enables a person or animal to walk and run. To **hamstring** a horse means to cut this tendon to disable the horse permanently. If your readers would not be familiar with what this means, in your translation you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “You will disable their horses permanently”
535 11:7 i4k7 j086 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and they fell upon them 1 The author is using a common expression to mean that the Israelites attacked their enemies suddenly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they attacked them suddenly”
536 11:8 m8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And Yahweh gave them into the hand of Israel 1 See how you translated the same expression in [10:8](../10/08.md) and its other occurrences in Chapter 10.
537 11:8 j033 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Misrephoth Maim 1 The expression **Misrephoth Maim** is the name of a place.
538 11:8 j030 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the sunrise 1 The author is using the term **sunrise** by association to mean the eastern direction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “from the east”
542 11:11 s3t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche soul 1 The author is using one part of a person, the **soul**, to mean the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “person”
543 11:11 p7h4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to the mouth of the sword, devoting {them} 1 To translate these expressions here and in the rest of the chapter, see the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter.
544 11:11 e2m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Not any breathing thing remained 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [10:40](../10/40.md). You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “No person remained alive”
545 11:13 e4k7 j072 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions Only all of the cities standing on their mound, Israel did not burn, except Hazor alone Joshua burned 1 If it would appear in your language that the author was making a statement and then contradicting it, you could reword this as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “The only one of the cities standing on their mounds that Joshua burned was Hazor; Israel did not burn any of the others”
546 11:13 c8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns their mound 1 Since the author is referring to multiple mounds (one for each city), it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form. Alternate translation: “their mounds”
547 11:13 j037 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit all of the cities standing on their mound, Israel did not burn 1 The author does not say explicitly why Joshua did not **burn** such cities. For a likely explanation, see the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter. You could indicate the reason explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. The UST models one way to do that.
548 11:14 e7h4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They did not leave any breathing thing 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [11:11](../11/11.md). Alternate translation: “No person remained alive”
620 13:25 m2n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the border 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the territory”
621 13:25 e5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and half of the land of the sons of Ammon 1 The author assumes that readers will know that King Sihon and the Amorites had conquered half of the land that had formerly belonged to the Ammonites. He is referring to this land, not to a further half of the land where the Ammonites were still living. Alternate translation: “and the land that King Sihon and the Amorites had taken from the Ammonites, which amounted to half of their land”
622 13:27 h4p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys the Jordan and the border 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:23](../13/23.md). Alternate translation: “with the Jordan as a border”
623 13:29 e7k5 j095 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Moses gave 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And Moses gave land”
624 13:30 m9p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their border 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “their territory”
625 13:30 n2k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jair 1 The word **Jair** is the name of a man. [Numbers 32:41](../num/32/41.md) describes his conquest of these **towns**.
626 13:31 n5m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Makir 1 The word **Makir** is the name of a man.
717 16:1 j066 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the waters of Jericho from the sunrise 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here the author is using the term **sunrise** by association to mean the direction where the sun rises, that is, the east. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “to the waters east of Jericho”
718 16:3 m5n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy toward the sea 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here the author is using the term **sea** by association to mean the direction of the Mediterranean Sea, that is, from his perspective, the west. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “westward”
719 16:2 otie rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names from Bethel to Luz 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, all names in border descriptions and lists, such as are found in this chapter, are the names of cities and towns unless otherwise indicated in the biblical text, in a note, or in the UST. So the words **Bethel** and **Luz** are the names of cities, as are similar words throughout this chapter.
720 16:3 m8k4 j103 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the border of the Japhletite, unto the border of Lower Beth Horon 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to the territory of the Japhletites, to the territory of Lower Beth Horon”
721 16:3 g3p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Japhletite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Japhletite**. He means the members of the Japhletite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Japhletites”
722 16:3 e6k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and its goings out were at the sea 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, when the author says **the sea**, typically he means the Mediterranean Sea. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “and the border ended at the Mediterranean Sea”
723 16:4 m9n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And the sons of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim 1 The author is speaking as if the people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh were actually the **sons** of Joseph. Alternate translation: “And the descendants of Joseph, the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim”
726 16:9 j067 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive set apart 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the Israelite leaders set apart”
727 16:10 g4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Canaanite & the Canaanite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Canaanite**. He means Canaanites in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Canaanites … the Canaanites”
728 17:intro m3nk 0 # Joshua 17 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Manasseh’s lack of faith\nEven though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
729 17:1 m4n7 j068 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And a lot was 1 The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And a territory was assigned by lot”
730 17:1 b3k6 j069 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now he was the firstborn of Joseph 1 The author is reminding readers of what he has already told them in [16:4](../16/04.md), that the descendants of Joseph had become the two tribes of Ephraim and **Manasseh**. So most of the tribal allotments went to descendants of Jacob’s sons, but the allotments described in [16:5–10](../16/05.md) and in this chapter went to descendants of Jacob’s grandsons.
731 17:1 e5p8 j070 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit For Makir, the firstborn of Manasseh, the father of Gilead 1 Be sure that it is clear in your translation that **Makir**, not **Manasseh**, was the **father of Gilead**. Alternate translation: “For Makir, who was the firstborn of Manasseh and who was the father of Gilead”
732 17:1 m7k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy because he was a man of war, so to him 1 The author is using the singular pronouns **he** and **him**, representing Makir, by association to mean his descendants. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “because his descendants were great warriors, so to them”
733 17:2 p6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And it was 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the territory assigned by lot on the west side of the Jordan River. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And the territory assigned by lot on the west side of the Jordan River was”
734 17:3 e4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions no sons were to him, if not daughters 1 If it would appear in your language that the author was making a statement and then contradicting it, you could reword this as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “the only children he had were daughters”
735 17:4 m8p2 j073 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And they came near to the face of Eleazar the priest and to the face of Joshua, the son of Nun, and to the face of the leaders 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the presence of a person or group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And they came into the presence of Eleazar the priest; Joshua, the son of Nun; and the leaders” or “And they approached Eleazar the priest; Joshua, the son of Nun; and the leaders”
736 17:4 m3k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy an inheritance 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the term **inheritance** means by association a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. Alternate translation: “a lasting possession of land”
737 17:4 m5p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor our brothers 1 Since, as [17:3](../17/03.md) indicates, these women had no actual **brothers**, they are using that term to refer to their relatives. Alternate translation: “the other members of our tribe”
738 17:4 p2k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And he gave 1 The pronoun **he** refers to Joshua. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And Joshua gave”
739 17:4 m7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy according to the mouth of Yahweh 1 The author is using the term **mouth** by association to mean the words that Yahweh spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “according to what Yahweh had commanded”
740 17:4 k3p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship the brothers of their father 1 Your language may have its own term or expression for this relationship. Alternate translation: “their uncles”
741 17:5 m4k2 j074 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy So ten portions of Manasseh fell 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:6](../13/06.md). Alternate translation: “So the leaders assigned ten portions of land by lot to the tribe of Manasseh”
742 17:5 e8p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So ten portions of Manasseh fell 1 The meaning in context seems to be that five of these **portions** went to the clans named in [17:2](../17/02.md) and the other five went to the daughters of Zelophehad and their descendants. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “So the leaders assigned portions of land to the five clans descended from Manasseh’s sons and to the five daughters of Zelphehad and their families”
743 17:5 i5k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom which {were} from the other side of the Jordan 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative to another from his own perspective and in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations in the way your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “on the east side of the Jordan River”
744 17:6 m6p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the daughters of Manasseh & his sons 1 The author is speaking of these people as if they were the actual **daughters** and **sons** of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the female descendants of Manasseh who had no brothers ... his male descendants”
745 17:7 m3k8 j075 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy which is on the face of Shechem 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the area in front of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “which is next to Shechem”
746 17:8 b5p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background The land of Tappuah was to Manasseh, but Tappuah at the border of Manasseh {was} to the sons of Ephraim 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that while the territory around Tappuah belonged to Manasseh, the city of Tappuah itself belonged to Ephraim. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
747 17:9 e7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and its goings out were seaward 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, when the author says **seaward**, typically he means the Mediterranean Sea. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and the border ended at the Mediterranean Sea”
748 17:10 e4n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Southward {was} to Ephraim, and northward {was} to Manasseh 1 The author assumes that readers will understand he is referring to the land on either side of the wadi of Kanah. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The land south of the wadi of Kanah belonged to Ephraim, while the land north of the wadi belonged to Manasseh”
749 17:10 p8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns its border 1 The pronoun **its** refers to the territory of Manasseh. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Manasseh’s western border”
750 17:10 p3m7 j076 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And it met 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the territory of Manasseh. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And Manasseh’s territory met”
751 17:11 m5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and its daughters 1 The author is speaking of these towns as if they were the **daughters** of the main cities. Alternate translation: “and its surrounding towns”
752 17:11 e9p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the three of a height 1 This could mean: (1) that the last three cities mentioned, **En Dor**, **Taanach**, and **Megiddo**, were located on heights. They were all near the city of **Dor**, and they may have been considered part of the “heights of Dor” mentioned in [11:2](../11/02.md). Alternate translation: “these last three cities being in the heights of Dor” (2) that the author wants readers to recognize that the city he calls **Dor** was also known as Naphoth Dor. The word translated as **a height** could be a proper name, Naphoth. Alternate translation: “the third city on this list also being known as Naphoth Dor”
753 17:12 g4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Canaanite & they did not dispossess him 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Canaanite**. He means the Canaanite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Canaanites … they did not dispossess them”
754 17:13 r5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication But dispossessing, they did not dispossess him 1 The author is repeating the verb **dispossess** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “But they definitely did not drive them out”
755 17:14 ID j080 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you given to me {as} an inheritance one lot and one portion, when I am a numerous people, since Yahweh has blessed me unto now? 1 The descendants of Joseph are using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not have given us only one lot, one portion, as an inheritance! After all, we are a numerous people, since Yahweh has blessed us unto now.”
756 17:14 p3k6 j077 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to me & when I am & has blessed me 1 The author is speaking of the tribes of Joseph as if they were a single person who could speak. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly using plural pronouns, as the author himself does in verse 16. Alternate translation: “to us ... when we are ... has blessed us”
757 17:14 d7m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet one lot and one portion 1 The terms **lot** and **portion** mean similar things. The descendants of Joseph are using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “only one portion of land”
758 17:15 p8n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification you are & go up for yourself & and you shall clear for yourself & to you 1 Joshua is speaking to the tribes of Joseph as if they were a single person who could receive commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly using plural pronouns. Alternate translation: “all of you are ... go up for yourselves ... you shall clear for yourselves ... to all of you”
759 17:15 e4k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and you shall clear 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and you shall clear the land”
760 17:15 g6p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Perizzite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Perizzite**. He means the Perizzite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Perizzites”
761 17:15 i3k7 j078 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom is narrow to you 1 Joshua is using a common expression to mean there is not enough space. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is not big enough for you”
762 17:16 g5m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun and a chariot of iron {is} with every Canaanite 1 The descendants of Joseph are not referring to a specific **Canaanite** or to a specific **chariot**. They mean the members of the Canaanite people group in general and the chariots they possess. It may be more natural in your language to express these meanings using plural forms. Alternate translation: “and the Canaanites all have iron chariots”
763 17:16 m2k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and a chariot of iron 1 The metal iron was barely used during this time period, so this is not a reference to chariots entirely made of **iron**. Those would have been too heavy for any practical use in warfare anyway. It is probably a reference by association to chariots whose wheels or floor were strengthened with iron or that had iron studs or points to make them more destructive when used in ramming. Alternate translation: “chariots fitted out with iron”
764 17:17 m7p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to the house of Joseph 1 The author is speaking of the tribes descended from Joseph as if they were a **house**. He is envisioning them as if they were one household living together. Alternate translation: “to the tribes descended from Joseph”
765 17:17 p4k8 j090 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification You {are} & {is} to you & to you 1 Joshua is speaking of the tribes of Joseph as if they were a single person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly using plural pronouns. Alternate translation: “All of you are ... is to all of you all ... to all of you”
766 17:17 d8n3 j079 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives There will not be one lot to you 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the term **one**, which is negative in this context. Alternate translation: “You will receive more than one lot”
767 17:17 apm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy one lot 1 Joshua is using the term **lot** by association to a portion of territory assigned by lot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “one portion of territory”
768 17:18 g2k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases For & For 1 Joshua is using the word **For** in each instance to introduce the reason for what he has just said. Alternate translation: “You will have more than one portion because ... This is also true because”
769 17:18 s5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche and its goings out will be to you 1 The author is using one part of the territory, its **goings out** or boundaries, to mean all of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and all of that territory will belong to you”
774 18:1 s5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to their face 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean what was in front of the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before them”
775 18:2 p7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns they had not divided 1 The pronoun **they** refers to Joshua and the leaders of Israel. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Joshua and the leaders had not divided”
776 18:2 m4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their inheritance 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the term **inheritance** means by association a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. Alternate translation: “a lasting possession of land”
777 18:3 ID j081 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche to the sons of Israel 1 The context makes clear that the author is using an entire group, the **sons of Israel**, to mean one part of that group, the Israelite tribes that had not yet received any land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the leaders of those tribes”
778 18:3 r5p8 j082 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Unto when will you slacken yourselves to enter to possess the land that Yahweh, the God of your fathers, has given to you? 1 Joshua is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You must stop being so slow to enter and take possession of the land that Yahweh, the God of your fathers, has given to you!”
779 18:3 m6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your fathers 1 Joshua is speaking as if these people were the actual **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your ancestors”
780 18:4 i3n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and they shall arise 1 As in the similar expressions in [1:2](../01/02.md) and [1:2](../01/02.md), Joshua is using the term **arise** to mean “take action.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they will act on this matter”
781 18:4 i8k5 j083 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy according to the mouth of their inheritance 1 Joshua is using the expression **the mouth** to mean “the needs,” since people need food to put in their mouths. Alternate translation: “according to what they need to inherit” or “according to the number of regions that these remaining tribes will need to live in”
782 18:5 m4p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will stand on its border & will stand on their border 1 Joshua is using the term **border** by association in both instances to mean territory enclosed within borders. The word **stand** has the sense of “remain.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “will remain in its territory ... will remain in their territory” or “will retain all of its territory ... will retain all of their territory”
783 18:5 i7k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the south & from the north 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative another from his own perspective and in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations in the way that your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “in the south ... in the north” or “in the southern part of the land of Canaan ... in the northern part of the land of Canaan”
784 18:6 m5n8 j084 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the face of 1 Joshua is using the term **face** by association to mean the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “in the presence of”
785 18:8 i4k7 j087 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And the men arose 1 The author is using a common expression to mean that these men took action. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the men acted on these instructions”
786 18:11 e6p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the lot of the tribe of the sons of Benjamin according to their clans came up 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he means the first **lot**, that is, the lot that assigned the first of these seven divisions of territory. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And when Joshua threw the lot, it selected the tribe of the sons of Benjamin according to their clans to receive the first division of the land the men had described”
787 18:11 m3k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And the border of their lot 1 The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And the border of their assigned territory”
788 18:11 m8p4 j088 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy between the sons of Judah and between the sons of Joseph 1 The author is using the terms **sons of Judah** and **sons of Joseph** by association to mean the territories of these tribes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “between the territory of Judah’s descendants and the territory of Joseph’s descendants”
789 18:12 e5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to the mouth of the north 1 Here the word **mouth** has the sense of “end” or “edge,” perhaps because the mouth of an animal is typically at one end of it. Alternate translation: “on the northern end of their territory” or “on the northern edge of their territory”
790 18:12 p7n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the shoulder of Jericho from the north 1 The author is speaking of the mound on which **Jericho** was built as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the northern slope of the Jericho mound”
791 18:13 p4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to the shoulder of Luz southward 1 The author is speaking of the hill on which **Luz** was built as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the southern slope of the hill on which the city of Luz is built”
792 18:13 b6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it {is} Bethel 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city formerly known as **Luz** is the one they know as **Bethel**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
793 18:14 m5p7 j091 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that {is} on the face of Beth Horon southward 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the area in front of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “that is next to Beth Horon on the south”
794 18:14 b8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it {is} Kiriath Jearim 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city known as **Kiriath Baal** is the one they know as **Kiriath Jearim**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
795 18:14 e3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit This {was} the mouth of the sea 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “This was the western edge of the territory”
796 18:15 e7k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the mouth southward 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “And the southern boundary”
797 18:16 m4p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that {is} on the face of the Valley of Ben Hinnom 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the area in front of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “that is next to the Valley of Ben Hinnom”
798 18:16 m6k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the shoulder of the Jebusite to the south 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [15:8](../15/08.md). Alternate translation: “to the southern slope of Mount Zion”
799 18:18 p5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification And it passed over to the shoulder of the front of the Arabah northward and went down to the Arabah 1 The author is speaking of the terrain as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then it continued onto the north side of the slope facing the plains and went down into the plains”
800 18:19 p8k4 j092 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the shoulder of Beth Hoglah northward 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “to the northern slope of the hill on which the city of Beth Hoglah is built”
801 18:19 p3n8 j093 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the tongue of the Sea of Salt northward 1 See how you translated the same expression in [15:2](../15/02.md). Alternate translation: “the bay at the north end of the Dead Sea”
802 18:20 e7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the Jordan borders it to the mouth eastward 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “And the Jordan River is its eastern boundary”
803 18:28 m4p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and the Jebusite 1 The author is using the term **Jebusite** by association to mean the city in which the Jebusite people group lived. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “and the city of the Jebusites”
804 18:28 b6k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it {is} Jerusalem 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city of the Jebusites is the one they know as **Jerusalem**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
805 19:intro j62l 0 # Joshua 19 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
806 19:1 o4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal And the second lot 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “And lot number two”
807 19:8 b5n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Baalath Beer (Ramah of the Negev) 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city known as **Baalath Beer** is the one they know as **Ramah of the Negev**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
808 19:13 p7k4 j096 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive being turned 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “turning”
809 19:14 p3n8 j094 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns it 1 The pronoun **it** refers to Neah. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Neah”
810 19:15 e6k2 j097 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Kattath and Nahalal and Shimron and Idalah and Bethlehem 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And their territory included Kattath and Nahalal and Shimron and Idalah and Bethlehem”
811 19:15 e8p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 12 cities and their villages 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he is not listing all 12 of the cities that belonged to Zebulun but that the ones he does list were among them. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “these were among their 12 cities with their villages”
812 19:18 m4k7 j098 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And their border {was} Jezreel and Chesulloth and Shunem 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory enclosed within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And their territory included the following cities: Jezreel and Chesulloth and Shunem”
813 19:25 m6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And their border {was} Helkath and Hali and Beten and Akshaph 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory enclosed within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And their territory included the following cities: Helkath and Hali and Beten and Akshaph”
814 19:26 p5k8 j099 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And it met with Carmel 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the border or territory of Asher. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And their border began at Mount Carmel”
815 19:27 e7n4 j100 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit from the left 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he is speaking from the perspective of a person facing east, which was the customary orientation in this culture. So **left** means “north.” You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to the north”
816 19:29 a4k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the city of fortification of Tyre 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **fortification**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the fortified city of Tyre”
817 19:30 e8p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 22 cities and their villages 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he is not listing all 22 of the cities that belonged to Asher but that the ones he does list were among them. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “these were among their 22 cities with their villages”
818 19:35 a5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns And the cities of fortification 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **fortification**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “And the fortified cities”
819 19:41 m6k4 j101 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And the border of their inheritance was 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory enclosed within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And the territory that the leaders gave to them included”
820 19:47 p4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification But the border of the sons of Dan went out from them 1 The author is speaking of the **border**, here representing the territory, as if it were a living thing that could move by itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But enemies reconquered some of the territory of the tribe of Dan”
821 19:47 p7k5 j107 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification and they struck it to the mouth of the sword 1 See how you translated the same expression in [8:24](../08/24.md). Alternate translation: “and they attacked it and killed everyone who lived there”
822 19:47 m3n6 j108 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their father Dan 1 The author is speaking as if **Dan** were the actual **father(( of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their ancestor Dan”
823 19:50 m8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Upon the mouth of Yahweh 1 The author is using the term **mouth** by association to mean the words that Yahweh spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “As Yahweh had commanded”
824 19:50 e6p3 j104 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And he built the city 1 Since the city of **Timnath Serah** already existed, the author seems to mean implicitly that Joshua rebuilt the city after the Israelites had attacked and conquered it or that Joshua fortified and expanded it. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And Joshua rebuilt the city” or “And Joshua fortified and expanded the city”
825 19:50 w599 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche And he built the city 1 The author is using Joshua to represent everyone who worked to rebuild or fortify **Timnath Serah**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And Joshua had the city rebuilt” or “And Joshua directed the fortification and expansion of the city”
826 19:51 e5k7 j105 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and the heads of the fathers of 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:1](../14/01.md). Alternate translation: “and the heads of the father’s houses of” or “and the men who led the extended families of”
827 20:intro vg5f 0 # Joshua 20 General Notes
828 20:2 q4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘Give for yourselves the cities of refuge that I spoke to you by the hand of Moses 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Speak to the sons of Israel and tell them to give for themselves the cities of refuge that I spoke to them about by the hand of Moses”
829 20:2 s5n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of Moses 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Moses”
831 20:3 u4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown from the avenger of blood 1 In this culture, an **avenger of blood** was a close relative who had the right and responsibility to execute someone who had murdered one of his relatives. If your readers would not be familiar with this role, in your translation you could use a descriptive phrase. Alternate translation: “from a relative who has the right to execute someone who has murdered his relative”
832 20:4 p7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And he shall flee 1 The pronoun **he** refers to anyone who has killed someone accidentally. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And the person who has killed someone accidentally shall flee”
833 20:4 m3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and he shall speak his words in the ears of the elders of that city 1 Yahweh is using the term **words** to mean what this person would say by using words, and he is using the term **ears** by association to mean hearing and understanding. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “and he shall explain his situation to the elders of that city so that they understand it”
834 20:5 i5k8 j109 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from yesterday {or} the third day 1 See how you translated the same expression in [3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “in the past”
835 20:6 a4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns for judgment 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to judge his case” or “to decide whether he is actually guilty of murder”
836 20:6 e6k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis until the death of the great priest 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and even if he is found innocent, he must still remain there until the death of the high priest”
837 20:6 m8p4 j089 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who is in those days 1 Yahweh is using the expression **in those days** by association to mean serving as high priest at that time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “who is serving at that time”
838 20:7 b5k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it is Hebron 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city he calls **Kiriath Arba** is the one they know as **Hebron**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
839 20:9 a7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the cities of appointment 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appointment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the cities that were appointed”
840 21:intro pp5c 0 # Joshua 21 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
841 21:1 e5k7 j106 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And the heads of the fathers of & the heads of the fathers of 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:1](../14/01.md). Alternate translation: “And the heads of the father’s houses of ... the heads of the father’s houses of” or “And the men who led the extended families of ... the men who led the extended families of”
842 21:2 s4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of Moses 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Moses”
843 21:3 m6k4 j102 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy upon the mouth of Yahweh 1 See how you translated the same expression in [19:50](../19/50.md). Alternate translation: “as Yahweh had commanded”
844 21:4 e7p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the lot came out for the clans of the Kohathite. And for the sons of Aaron the priest, from the Levites, there were 13 cities by the lot 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that the leaders decided to assign cities to the groups of Levites in a particular order (Kohathite priests, Kohathite non-priests, Gershonites, and Merarites) and then cast lots to see which cities would go to each group. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The leaders started by casting lots to decide which cities would belong to the Levites from the Kohathite clan who were priests, descendants of Aaron. The lot selected 13 cities for them”
845 21:5 e3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And for the remaining sons of Kohath 1 The author assumes that readers will understand what he means by **remaining**. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And for the descendants of Kohath who were not priests, descendants of Aaron”
846 21:8 s5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of Moses 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Moses”
847 21:9 p4k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns which one calls them by name 1 Here, **one** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “which are mentioned here by name”
848 21:10 o7n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the first lot 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “lot number one”
849 21:11 b6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Kiriath Arba (the father of the Anak, it is Hebron) 1 See how you presented the similar background information that the author provides in [14:15](../14/15.md) about the former and current name of this city.
850 21:17 e5p8 j071 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And from the tribe of Benjamin 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And from the tribe of Benjamin they gave these cities:”
851 21:20 e4n7 j110 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining ones from the sons of Kohath 1 The author assumes that readers will understand what he means by **remaining**. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Kohath who were not priests”
852 21:21 e6k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Gezer and its pasturelands 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And they gave them Gezer and its pasturelands”
853 21:26 e5p9 j111 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining clans of the sons of Kohath 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [21:5](../21/05.md). Alternate translation: “the clans of Kohath’s descendants who were not priests”
854 21:34 e7k4 j112 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining Levites 1 In this case, the term **remaining** means something different than it did in verses 5 and 26. The author is using it to refer implicitly to the last group of Levites, which had not yet received any cities. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the group of Levites that was still waiting to receive cities”
855 21:40 e3n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining ones from the clans of the Levites 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [21:34](../21/34.md). Alternate translation: “the clan of Levites that was still waiting to receive cities”
856 21:42 i4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom These cities were city, city, and its pasturelands around it 1 The author is using a common expression to mean that this was true of each city individually. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Each one of these cities had its own pasturelands around it”
857 21:43 m6p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to their fathers 1 The author is speaking as if these people were the actual **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to their ancestors”
858 21:44 m5n8 j085 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to their fathers 1 The author is speaking as if these people were the actual **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to their ancestors”
859 21:44 i7k4 j113 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And a man did not stand against their faces from all of their enemies 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md) and [2:11](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “Not a single one of their enemies had been able to resist them”
860 21:45 m3p7 j114 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A word did not fall from every good word that Yahweh had spoken 1 The author is speaking as if Yahweh’s words were objects that could fall to the ground and be lost. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Not a single one of the good words Yahweh had spoken failed to come true”
861 21:45 p8k5 j115 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The whole came 1 The author is speaking of **the whole** (that is, everything that Yahweh had promised) as if it were a living thing that could **come** somewhere. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Everything happened just as he said it would”
862 22:intro l4hr 0 # Joshua 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument\n\nThe tribes east of the Jordan River said, “Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, ‘You have no share in Yahweh.’” They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land.
863 22:1 ic3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לָ⁠רֽאוּבֵנִ֖י 1 people of the tribe of Reuben
864 22:1 w3xd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֑י 1 people of the tribe of Gad