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@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ front:intro hk4p 0 # Introduction to Jonah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction
1:3 f5sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יָּ֤קָם יוֹנָה֙ לִ⁠בְרֹ֣חַ 1 Here the words **got up** mean that Jonah took action in response to God’s command, but his action was to disobey instead of to obey. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this idiom in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “But Jonah decided to run away” or “Jonah prepared himself, but to run away”
1:3 n96t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה & מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֖י יְהוָֽה 1 The expression **the face of Yahweh** represents his presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. The idea of Yahweh’s presence also includes his knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. By running away, Jonah is hoping that Yahweh will not notice that he is disobeying. Alternate translation: “from the presence of Yahweh” … “away from Yahweh”
1:3 g66v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִ⁠בְרֹ֣חַ תַּרְשִׁ֔ישָׁ⁠ה 1 This city named Tarshish was in the direction opposite to Nineveh. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to flee in the opposite direction, toward Tarshish, away”
1:3 djv1 וַ⁠יֵּ֨רֶד יָפ֜וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “Jonah went to Joppa”
1:3 djv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וַ⁠יֵּ֨רֶד יָפ֜וֹ 1 Here, **down** indicates that Joppa, being next to the sea, is at a lower elevation than the place where Jonah was. If your language would not use this type of word to describe travel, use a description of travel that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jonah went to Joppa”
1:3 w3uc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אָנִיָּ֣ה 1 A **ship** is a a very large type of boat that can travel on the sea and carry many passengers or heavy cargo. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of boat, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a large boat”
1:3 pz67 וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֨ן שְׂכָרָ֜⁠הּ 1 Alternate translation: “There Jonah paid the cost of his trip”
1:3 pz67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֨ן שְׂכָרָ֜⁠הּ 1 The author assumes that readers will know that **fare** refers to the price that a person pays to travel on a ship. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly.Alternate translation: “There Jonah paid the cost of traveling on the ship”
1:3 g5xp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יֵּ֤רֶד בָּ⁠הּ֙ 1 The ship is large enough that it has at least one lower deck that is inside the ship. This is where Jonah went. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and went down inside the ship”
1:3 i6bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עִמָּ⁠הֶם֙ 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the other people who were traveling on the ship, and the only other people we are told about are members of the crew. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say who these people are. Alternate translation: “with the crew”
1:4 jdr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַֽ⁠יהוָ֗ה 1 **But** here indicates a strong contrast between what Jonah thought would happen and what God did. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “However, Yahweh”
@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ front:intro hk4p 0 # Introduction to Jonah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction
1:7 m93h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לְכוּ֙ וְ⁠נַפִּ֣ילָה גֽוֹרָל֔וֹת 1 Here, **Come** is an idiom that invites the hearer to begin an action with the speaker that the speaker names next. If **Come** does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning, state the meaning plainly, or omit the word. Alternate translation: “Listen! We should cast lots” or “We should do this: cast lots”
1:7 t5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠נַפִּ֣ילָה גֽוֹרָל֔וֹת 1 We do not know the exact method that the sailors used to cast lots. It may have been with marked stones or pieces of wood. It was their method of getting a god to answer a question. If you have a name in your language for casting lots to get an answer to a question, consider using it here.
1:7 l5xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠נֵ֣דְעָ֔ה בְּ⁠שֶׁ⁠לְּ⁠מִ֛י הָ⁠רָעָ֥ה הַ⁠זֹּ֖את לָ֑⁠נוּ 1 The phrase **so that we may know** implies that the men believed that the gods would control how the lots fell in order to tell them what they wanted to know. This was a form of divination. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “so that the gods can tell us who has caused this trouble”
1:7 d726 הָ⁠רָעָ֥ה הַ⁠זֹּ֖את 1 Alternate translation: “this awful storm”
1:7 d726 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָ⁠רָעָ֥ה הַ⁠זֹּ֖את 1 The sailors are using the general term **this evil** to speak of the storm. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “this awful storm”
1:7 at67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּפֹּ֥ל הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֖ל עַל־יוֹנָֽה 1 The expression **the lot fell on Jonah** is an idiom meaning that when the men cast lots, the result indicated Jonah. This does not mean that the lot literally fell down on top of Jonah. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the lot showed that Jonah was the guilty person”
1:8 wkh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֔י⁠ו 1 Here, **they** refers back to the group of sailors referred to as “every man” in verse 7; the pronoun **him** refers to Jonah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could repeat Jonah's name and the term that you are using for the sailors here. Alternate translation: “Then the men who were working on the ship said to Jonah”
1:8 e7wb הַגִּידָ⁠ה־נָּ֣א לָ֔⁠נוּ בַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֛ר לְ⁠מִי־הָ⁠רָעָ֥ה הַ⁠זֹּ֖את לָ֑⁠נוּ 1 Alternate translation: “Reveal to us who caused this bad thing that is happening to us”
1:8 e7wb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַגִּידָ⁠ה־נָּ֣א לָ֔⁠נוּ בַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֛ר לְ⁠מִי־הָ⁠רָעָ֥ה הַ⁠זֹּ֖את לָ֑⁠נוּ 1 The sailors are asking Jonah to tell them who is responsible for the storm. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Reveal to us who caused this bad storm to happen to us”
1:9 wav5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יְהוָ֞ה & אֲנִ֣י יָרֵ֔א 1 Here, **I fear Yahweh** is an idiom that means “I worship Yahweh and not any other god.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am a worshiper of Yahweh”
1:10 zi05 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וַ⁠יִּֽירְא֤וּ הָֽ⁠אֲנָשִׁים֙ יִרְאָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה 1 Here, **feared a great fear** is an emphatic construction that uses a verb and its object that both come from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Then the men were extremely frightened”
1:10 peg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֑יתָ 1 The men on the ship used a rhetorical question to show how afraid and angry they were that Jonah was causing so much trouble for all of them. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing!”

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
13 1:3 f5sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יָּ֤קָם יוֹנָה֙ לִ⁠בְרֹ֣חַ 1 Here the words **got up** mean that Jonah took action in response to God’s command, but his action was to disobey instead of to obey. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this idiom in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “But Jonah decided to run away” or “Jonah prepared himself, but to run away”
14 1:3 n96t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה & מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֖י יְהוָֽה 1 The expression **the face of Yahweh** represents his presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. The idea of Yahweh’s presence also includes his knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. By running away, Jonah is hoping that Yahweh will not notice that he is disobeying. Alternate translation: “from the presence of Yahweh” … “away from Yahweh”
15 1:3 g66v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִ⁠בְרֹ֣חַ תַּרְשִׁ֔ישָׁ⁠ה 1 This city named Tarshish was in the direction opposite to Nineveh. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to flee in the opposite direction, toward Tarshish, away”
16 1:3 djv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וַ⁠יֵּ֨רֶד יָפ֜וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “Jonah went to Joppa” Here, **down** indicates that Joppa, being next to the sea, is at a lower elevation than the place where Jonah was. If your language would not use this type of word to describe travel, use a description of travel that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jonah went to Joppa”
17 1:3 w3uc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אָנִיָּ֣ה 1 A **ship** is a a very large type of boat that can travel on the sea and carry many passengers or heavy cargo. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of boat, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a large boat”
18 1:3 pz67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֨ן שְׂכָרָ֜⁠הּ 1 Alternate translation: “There Jonah paid the cost of his trip” The author assumes that readers will know that **fare** refers to the price that a person pays to travel on a ship. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly.Alternate translation: “There Jonah paid the cost of traveling on the ship”
19 1:3 g5xp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יֵּ֤רֶד בָּ⁠הּ֙ 1 The ship is large enough that it has at least one lower deck that is inside the ship. This is where Jonah went. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and went down inside the ship”
20 1:3 i6bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עִמָּ⁠הֶם֙ 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the other people who were traveling on the ship, and the only other people we are told about are members of the crew. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say who these people are. Alternate translation: “with the crew”
21 1:4 jdr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַֽ⁠יהוָ֗ה 1 **But** here indicates a strong contrast between what Jonah thought would happen and what God did. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “However, Yahweh”
39 1:7 m93h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לְכוּ֙ וְ⁠נַפִּ֣ילָה גֽוֹרָל֔וֹת 1 Here, **Come** is an idiom that invites the hearer to begin an action with the speaker that the speaker names next. If **Come** does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning, state the meaning plainly, or omit the word. Alternate translation: “Listen! We should cast lots” or “We should do this: cast lots”
40 1:7 t5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠נַפִּ֣ילָה גֽוֹרָל֔וֹת 1 We do not know the exact method that the sailors used to cast lots. It may have been with marked stones or pieces of wood. It was their method of getting a god to answer a question. If you have a name in your language for casting lots to get an answer to a question, consider using it here.
41 1:7 l5xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠נֵ֣דְעָ֔ה בְּ⁠שֶׁ⁠לְּ⁠מִ֛י הָ⁠רָעָ֥ה הַ⁠זֹּ֖את לָ֑⁠נוּ 1 The phrase **so that we may know** implies that the men believed that the gods would control how the lots fell in order to tell them what they wanted to know. This was a form of divination. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “so that the gods can tell us who has caused this trouble”
42 1:7 d726 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָ⁠רָעָ֥ה הַ⁠זֹּ֖את 1 Alternate translation: “this awful storm” The sailors are using the general term **this evil** to speak of the storm. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “this awful storm”
43 1:7 at67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּפֹּ֥ל הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֖ל עַל־יוֹנָֽה 1 The expression **the lot fell on Jonah** is an idiom meaning that when the men cast lots, the result indicated Jonah. This does not mean that the lot literally fell down on top of Jonah. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the lot showed that Jonah was the guilty person”
44 1:8 wkh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֔י⁠ו 1 Here, **they** refers back to the group of sailors referred to as “every man” in verse 7; the pronoun **him** refers to Jonah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could repeat Jonah's name and the term that you are using for the sailors here. Alternate translation: “Then the men who were working on the ship said to Jonah”
45 1:8 e7wb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַגִּידָ⁠ה־נָּ֣א לָ֔⁠נוּ בַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֛ר לְ⁠מִי־הָ⁠רָעָ֥ה הַ⁠זֹּ֖את לָ֑⁠נוּ 1 Alternate translation: “Reveal to us who caused this bad thing that is happening to us” The sailors are asking Jonah to tell them who is responsible for the storm. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Reveal to us who caused this bad storm to happen to us”
46 1:9 wav5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יְהוָ֞ה & אֲנִ֣י יָרֵ֔א 1 Here, **I fear Yahweh** is an idiom that means “I worship Yahweh and not any other god.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am a worshiper of Yahweh”
47 1:10 zi05 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וַ⁠יִּֽירְא֤וּ הָֽ⁠אֲנָשִׁים֙ יִרְאָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה 1 Here, **feared a great fear** is an emphatic construction that uses a verb and its object that both come from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Then the men were extremely frightened”
48 1:10 peg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֑יתָ 1 The men on the ship used a rhetorical question to show how afraid and angry they were that Jonah was causing so much trouble for all of them. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing!”