Merge Grant_Ailie-tc-create-1 into master by Grant_Ailie (#3892)

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3892

tn_MAL.tsv

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
-front:intro	axt4				0	# Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Malachi\n\n1:1 Title\n1:2–5 Yahweh will punish the wicked: Edom\n1:6–14 Judeans not bringing acceptable sacrifices\n2:1–9 Priests must teach and apply the law faithfully\n2:10–16 Yahweh is concerned for justice: no divorce\n2:17–3:5 Yahweh is concerned for justice and will punish evildoers\n3:6–12 Judeans not bringing proper tithes\n3:13–15 Yahweh will punish the wicked, despite what Judeans are saying\n3:16–4:6 Yahweh will bless and protect those who fear him\n\nThe overall structure of the book follows a pattern called “chiasm,” which Hebrew writers considered to be particularly elegant in poetry and literature. There are six main parts to this structure. The chiasm pattern is ABCCBA. In terms of theme, the first and sixth parts match (1:2–5 and 3:13–15), the second and fifth parts match (1:6–14 and 3:6–12), and the third and fourth parts match (2:10–16 and 2:17–3:5).  There is also an excursus, a special message to the priests (2:1–9), and an epilogue telling how the people responded to the message of the book and what Yahweh promised them (3:16–4:6).\n\n### What is the book of Malachi about?\n\nThe book of Malachi contains prophecies that address the Jews who had returned to Judah from exile in Babylon. At that time, the Jews were discouraged even though they had finished building a new temple. The wonderful things that previous prophets had promised for Judah had not yet happened. The Persian Empire still ruled over them. As a result, they no longer were concerned about the law or worshiping Yahweh. These prophecies rebuke the Judeans for not living as the law taught and for not bringing proper tithes and sacrifices. But the prophecies also assure the Judeans that Yahweh will ultimately do everything that he promised to do.\n\n### Who wrote the book of Malachi?\n\nThe description in the book title ([1:1](../01/01.md)) could either be translated “the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi” or “the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of my messenger.” The last expression in that sentence also occurs in [3:1](../03/01.md), where the context indicates that it should be translated as “my messenger.” However, the expression could well be the name of a man in the book title. That man would be the prophet who delivered these messages on behalf of Yahweh. However, we do not know anything else about this man—where he lived, what family he came from, etc. Translating the expression as a name is the most common interpretation, and that is the interpretation that the ULT and these notes follow. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to follow the interpretation that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to follow the same interpretation as the ULT.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has been titled “Malachi” or “The Book of Malachi.” Translators may decide to call it something like “The Sayings of Malachi” or “The Messages that Malachi Brought.”\n\n## Part 2: Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### The “day of Yahweh”\n\nThe book of Malachi speaks about the “day of Yahweh” in 3:2–5 and 3:17–4:6. It also calls it “the day that is coming” and “the day of his coming,” and Yahweh calls it “the day that I am preparing.” All of these are references to the time when Yahweh will come and judge people. He would remove those who have wickedly sinned and bless those who have trusted in him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]])\n\n## Part 3: Translation Issues\n\n### “But you say”\n\nIn each of the six thematic sections of the book, the prophet makes a statement that challenges the people and gets their attention. Its meaning is not immediately clear. The prophet then anticipates how the people will respond. He introduces their likely response with the phrase “But you say” (1:2, 1:6, 1:7, 1:13, 2:14, 2:17, 3:7, 3:8, 3:13). After saying how he expects they would respond, he then explains what his provocative statement meant. This was a common practice of Jewish public speakers in this time period (and also in New Testament times). The phrase “But you say” occurs throughout the book as Malachi anticipates and answers objections. It would be helpful to translate the phrase consistently so that your readers can appreciate the method he is using to challenge the Judeans.\n\n### Yahweh of Armies\n\nThis is an important title of God that is used more than 20 times throughout the book of Malachi. It reminds the listeners of the great power that Yahweh has to judge and punish all nations. Be sure to translate it consistently throughout the book so that your readers can appreciate the emphasis that Malachi places on it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])\n\n\n\n
+front:intro	axt4				0	# Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Malachi\n\n1:1 Title\n1:2–5 Yahweh will punish the wicked: Edom\n1:6–14 Judeans not bringing acceptable sacrifices\n2:1–9 Priests must teach and apply the law faithfully\n2:10–16 Yahweh is concerned for justice: no divorce\n2:17–3:5 Yahweh is concerned for justice and will punish evildoers\n3:6–12 Judeans not bringing proper tithes\n3:13–15 Yahweh will punish the wicked, despite what Judeans are saying\n3:16–4:6 Yahweh will bless and protect those who fear him\n\nThe overall structure of the book follows a pattern called “chiasm,” which Hebrew writers considered to be particularly elegant in poetry and literature. There are six main parts to this structure. The chiasm pattern is ABCCBA. In terms of theme, the first and sixth parts are found in (1:2–5 and 3:13–15), the second and fifth parts match (1:6–14 and 3:6–12), and the third and fourth parts match (2:10–16 and 2:17–3:5).  There is also an excursus, a special message to the priests (2:1–9), and an epilogue telling how the people responded to the message of the book and what Yahweh promised them (3:16–4:6).\n\n### What is the book of Malachi about?\n\nThe book of Malachi contains prophecies that address the Jews who had returned to Judah from exile in Babylon. At that time, the Jews were discouraged even though they had finished building a new temple. The wonderful things that previous prophets had promised for Judah had not yet happened. The Persian Empire still ruled over them. As a result, they no longer were concerned about the law or worshiping Yahweh. These prophecies rebuke the Judeans for not living as the law taught and for not bringing proper tithes and sacrifices. But the prophecies also assure the Judeans that Yahweh will ultimately do everything that he promised to do.\n\n### Who wrote the book of Malachi?\n\nThe description in the book title ([1:1](../01/01.md)) could either be translated “the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi” or “the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of my messenger.” The last expression in that sentence also occurs in [3:1](../03/01.md), where the context indicates that it should be translated as “my messenger.” However, the expression could well be the name of the man in the book title. That man would be the prophet who delivered these messages on behalf of Yahweh. However, we do not know anything else about this man—where he lived, what family he came from, etc. Translating the expression as a name is the most common interpretation, and that is the interpretation that the ULT and these notes follow. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to follow the interpretation that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to follow the same interpretation as the ULT.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has been titled “Malachi” or “The Book of Malachi.” Translators may decide to call it something like “The Sayings of Malachi” or “The Messages that Malachi Brought.”\n\n## Part 2: Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### The “day of Yahweh”\n\nThe book of Malachi speaks about the “day of Yahweh” in 3:2–5 and 3:17–4:6. It also calls it “the day that is coming” and “the day of his coming,” and Yahweh calls it “the day that I am preparing.” All of these are references to the time when Yahweh will come and judge people. He would remove those who have wickedly sinned and bless those who have trusted in him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]])\n\n## Part 3: Translation Issues\n\n### “But you say”\n\nIn each of the six thematic sections of the book, the prophet makes a statement that challenges the people and gets their attention. Its meaning is not immediately clear. The prophet then anticipates how the people will respond. He introduces their likely response with the phrase “But you say” (1:2, 1:6, 1:7, 1:13, 2:14, 2:17, 3:7, 3:8, 3:13). After saying how he expects they would respond, he then explains what his provocative statement meant. This was a common practice of Jewish public speakers in this time period (and also in New Testament times). The phrase “But you say” occurs throughout the book as Malachi anticipates and answers objections. It would be helpful to translate the phrase consistently so that your readers can appreciate the method he is using to challenge the Judeans.\n\n### Yahweh of Armies\n\nThis is an important title of God that is used more than 20 times throughout the book of Malachi. It reminds the listeners of the great power that Yahweh has to judge and punish all nations. Be sure to translate it consistently throughout the book so that your readers can appreciate the emphasis that Malachi places on it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])\n\n\n\n
 1:intro	b7vm				0	# Malachi 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n1:1 Title\n\n\n1:2–5 Yahweh will punish the wicked: Edom\n\n\n1:6–14 Judeans not bringing acceptable sacrifices\n\n\n\n
 1:1	m3x2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	מַשָּׂ֥א דְבַר יְהוָ֖ה	1	The editor of the book is speaking as if the **word of Yahweh** were a **burden** that Malachi was carrying. This is likely a reference to the serious nature of what Yahweh told Malachi to say. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The serious word from Yahweh”
 1:1	k9f4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	דְבַר יְהוָ֖ה	1	The editor is using the word **word** by association to mean what Yahweh said by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh said”
 1:1	p2r7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	אֶל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	1	Since Malachi is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **Israel**. Alternate translation: “to the Israelites”
 1:1	w5h8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	בְּ⁠יַ֖ד	1	The author is using one part of Malachi, his **hand**, to mean all of him in the act of bringing Yahweh’s message to the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “through”
 1:1	t6j9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	מַלְאָכִֽי	1	These notes follow the interpretation that the word **Malachi** is the name of a man. See the further discussion in the General Introduction to Malachi. 
-1:2	uz1w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	אָהַ֤בְתִּי אֶתְ⁠כֶם֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases so that the speaker, **Yahweh**, is identified before we read the words that he speaks. Alternate translation: “Yahweh says, “I have loved you”” 
+1:2	uz1w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	אָהַ֤בְתִּי אֶתְ⁠כֶם֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה	1	In your translation, use a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh says, ‘I have loved you’”
 1:2	l1n3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	אֶתְ⁠כֶם֙	1	The word **you** is plural here because Yahweh is addressing the Israelites as a group, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. The words “you,” “your,” and “yourselves” are usually plural in this book when they refer to the Israelites. These notes will indicate any exceptions. The word “you” is always singular when it refers to Yahweh.
 1:2	q7m5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וַ⁠אֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם	1	Malachi is probably not quoting an actual response from the Judeans. Rather, he is anticipating an objection, stating it, and then answering it. See the further discussion in the General Introduction to Malachi. Alternate translation: “Now you may object”
 1:2	vkrw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	הֲ⁠לוֹא־אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְ⁠יַֽעֲקֹב֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וָ⁠אֹהַ֖ב אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases so that the speaker, **Yahweh**, is identified before we read the words which he speaks. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares, “Was not Esau a brother to Jacob? Yet I loved Jacob” 
 1:2	x4d6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠לוֹא אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְ⁠יַֽעֲקֹב֙	1	Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Now Esau was Jacob’s brother”
 1:2	b2k8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	הֲ⁠לוֹא אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְ⁠יַֽעֲקֹב֙	1	Yahweh is using the names **Esau** and **Jacob** by association to mean their descendants. Alternate translation: “Are the Edomites not a related people group to you Israelites?” or “Now the Edomites are a related people group to you Israelites”
-1:2	h9f1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	נְאֻם יְהוָ֔ה	1	This phrase indicates that this is a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation by using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares”
+1:2	h9f1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	נְאֻם יְהוָ֔ה	1	This phrase indicates that this is a direct quotation from Yahweh. In your translation, use a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares”
 1:2	v3r5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	וָ⁠אֹהַ֖ב אֶֽת יַעֲקֹֽב	1	Yahweh is referring to the Israelites as a group by using the name of their ancestor, **Jacob**. Alternate translation: “Yet I loved you Israelites”
 1:2-3	xu00		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	וָ⁠אֹהַ֖ב אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב…וְ⁠אֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי	1	Here the author uses a poetic device called a chiasm, which Hebrew writers often used in poetry and literature. The outer phrases **I loved** and **I hated** parallel each other and the inner words, **Jacob** and **Esau** parallel each other. So the pattern is ABBA. If it is possible in your language you should try to retain this order. 
-1:3	c7m2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וְ⁠אֶת עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי	1	The word translated as **hated** does not always indicate a strong antipathy or loathing. In a comparison such as this one, it can mean “loved less” or “favored less.” If it would help your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “but I have not favored the Edomites.”
+1:3	c7m2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וְ⁠אֶת עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי	1	The word translated as **hated** does not always indicate a strong antipathy or loathing. In a comparison such as this one, it can mean “loved less” or “favored less.” If it would help your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “but I have not favored Esau or his descendants, the Edomites.”
 1:3	g6n9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	שְׁמָמָ֔ה	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **desolation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “a desolate place”
 1:3	z8k4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	לְ⁠תַנּ֥וֹת	1	A **jackal** is a wild dog that lives in the desert. If your readers would not be familiar with what a jackal is, in your translation you could use the name of a similar animal that your readers would recognize, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “desert scavengers”
 1:4	b2tn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	כִּֽי־תֹאמַ֨ר אֱד֜וֹם	1	The word **Edom** is another name for “Esau.” Yahweh uses the word **Edom** by association to mean Esau’s descendants. If it would be helpful to your readers you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “Though the Edomites say”
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ front:intro	axt4				0	# Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
 1:8	r4f8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠יִּרְצְ⁠ךָ֙ א֚וֹ הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ	1	Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “He certainly will not accept you or lift up your face!”
 1:8	d7h5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	הֲ⁠יִּרְצְ⁠ךָ֙ א֚וֹ הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ	1	The terms **accept you** and **lift up your face** mean similar things. Yahweh is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “He certainly will not show you any favor at all!”
 1:8	i3l9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	א֚וֹ הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ	1	This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean “show favor.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or show you favor”
-1:9	a9n2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	וְ⁠עַתָּ֛ה	1	The phrase translated as **And now** is an expression that can be used in messages to introduce important points. If your language has a comparable expression that it uses for this same purpose, you can use it in your translation.
+1:9	a9n2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	וְ⁠עַתָּ֛ה	1	The word the ULT translated as **And now** is an expression that was used in messages of this time to introduce important points. If your language has a comparable expression that it uses for this same purpose, you can use it in your translation.
 1:9	t5m1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	פְנֵי אֵ֖ל וִֽ⁠יחָנֵ֑⁠נוּ	1	Malachi attributes this quotation to Yahweh, but it is something that Yahweh told him to say to the priests. So you could translate it with Malachi as the speaker. However, if you translate it with Yahweh as the speaker, he would be speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be more natural in your language, you could translate it in the first person. Alternate translation: “my face, that I may be gracious to you”
 1:9	s2k7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	פְנֵי אֵ֖ל	1	Yahweh is using one part of himself, his **face**, to mean all of him in the act of looking with favor on someone who was praying to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God”
 1:9	e1f6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	פְנֵי אֵ֖ל	1	Malachi is probably using the term **God** here to contrast with the mention of “the governor” in the previous verse. The implication is that if people would not offer inferior gifts to a human being, they should certainly not offer them to God. So here it would be appropriate to use your language’s term for the true God who created the world rather than using the name Yahweh.
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ front:intro	axt4				0	# Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
 1:10	u9w2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	מִ֤י גַם בָּ⁠כֶם֙ וְ⁠יִסְגֹּ֣ר דְּלָתַ֔יִם וְ⁠לֹֽא תָאִ֥ירוּ מִזְבְּחִ֖⁠י חִנָּ֑ם	1	Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I wish one of you would shut the temple doors, so that you would not kindle useless fires on my altar!”
 1:10	e3m7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	דְּלָתַ֔יִם	1	Yahweh assumes that his listeners will know that by **the doors** he means the doors of the temple. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the doors of the temple”
 1:10	c8n2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	אֶרְצֶ֥ה מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶֽם	1	Since Yahweh is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **hand**. Alternate translation: “offerings from your hands”
-1:10	s6p4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶֽם	1	Yahweh is using one part of the priests' bodies, the **hand**, to mean all of themselves in the act of offering sacrifices. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from you”\n
+1:10	s6p4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶֽם	1	Yahweh is using one part of the priests' bodies, the **hand**, to mean all of themselves in the act of offering sacrifices. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that you give”\n
 1:11	m2t7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	מִ⁠מִּזְרַח שֶׁ֜מֶשׁ וְ⁠עַד מְבוֹא֗⁠וֹ	1	Yahweh is using the **rising** and **setting** of the **sun** by association to mean the east and the west. Alternate translation: “from the east to the west”
 1:11	m9r3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	מִ⁠מִּזְרַח שֶׁ֜מֶשׁ וְ⁠עַד מְבוֹא֗⁠וֹ	1	Yahweh is speaking of two extremes in order to include them and everything in between. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “everywhere in the world”
 1:11	n4f8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	גָּד֤וֹל שְׁמִ⁠י֙ & גָד֤וֹל שְׁמִ⁠י֙	1	Yahweh is using the word **name** by association to mean his reputation. See how you translated the same expression in [1:6](../01/06.md). Alternate translation: “my reputation will be great … my reputation will be great”
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ front:intro	axt4				0	# Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
 1:14	g3n9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	מָשְׁחָ֖ת	1	Yahweh is not referring to a specific **blemished** animal. He means blemished animals in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “blemished animals”
 1:14	t7r2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	לַֽ⁠אדֹנָ֑⁠י & אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת	1	Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these in the first person. Alternate translation: “to me … says, I, Yahweh of Armies”
 1:14	s4h6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	וּ⁠שְׁמִ֖⁠י נוֹרָ֥א בַ⁠גּוֹיִֽם	1	Yahweh is using one part of himself, his **name**, to mean all of him in the act of being feared. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I am feared among the nations because of my reputation”
-2:intro	jc2b				0	# Malachi 2 General Notes\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2:1–9 Priests must teach and apply the law faithfully\n\n2:10–16 Yahweh is concerned for justice: no divorce\n\n2:17–3:5 Yahweh is concerned for justice and will punish evildoers\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### “My covenant was with him, life and peace, and I gave them to him {for} fear” (2:5)\n\nHere Yahweh seems to be alluding implicitly to what he said in [Numbers 25:12–13](../num/25/12.md), that he was making a **covenant** of **peace** establishing Phineas (the son of the first high priest, Aaron) and his descendants in the priesthood permanently. Yahweh did this because Phineas zealously opposed the worship of foreign gods. That is what Yahweh means here by “I gave them to him for fear.” He is saying, in other words, “because he worshiped me exclusively and devotedly.” Yahweh was punishing the Israelites for this idol-worship with a plague that was killing many of them, but he ended the plague because of what Phineas did. So this was a covenant of **peace** (Yahweh was no longer hostile to the Israelites). It was also a covenant of **life** (Yahweh was no longer punishing the Israelites with death). The word **life** may also reflect that this was a permanent covenant that would not end. The notes to [2:5](../02/05.md) suggest ways to translate these statements.\n\n### And did he not make one (2:15)\n\nHere are two views Bible scholars have regarding the correct interpretation of these words. (1) The word **one** refers to the close connection a husband and wife have. Alternate translation: “And did not God make you one with your wife?” (2) The word **one** refers to God. Alternate translation: “And did not the one God make” \n\n\n### a remnant of spirit {was} to him? (2:15)\n\nHere are two views, among many, that Bible scholars have regarding the correct interpretation of these words. (1) These words mean that the bodies and spirits of a husband and wife belong to God. Alternate translation: “you and your wife belong to God” (2) These words mean that a husband and wife are united in body and spirit. Alternate translation: “God made you to become united with your wife in body and spirit”\n\n## Translation Issues\n\n### “and one {who} covers over his garment with violence”\n\nHere are three views Bible scholars have regarding the correct interpretation of these words. (1) it means that husband and wifeMalachi is speaking as if **violence** were a substance with which a person could cover a **garment**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. The idea of complete covering conveys emphasis. Alternate translation: “and one who acts very violently” (2) The word **violence** refers to harsh actions that could include actions other than divorce. Alternate translation: “and one who acts violently” (3) The word **violence** refers to violent or cruel actions which a person conceals. Alternate translation: “and one who conceals their violence”\n
+2:intro	jc2b				0	# Malachi 2 General Notes\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2:1–9 Priests must teach and apply the law faithfully\n\n2:10–16 Yahweh is concerned for justice: no divorce\n\n2:17–3:5 Yahweh is concerned for justice and will punish evildoers\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### “My covenant was with him, life and peace, and I gave them to him {for} fear” (2:5)\n\nHere Yahweh seems to be alluding implicitly to what he said in [Numbers 25:12–13](../num/25/12.md), that he was making a **covenant** of **peace** establishing Phineas (the son of the first high priest, Aaron) and his descendants in the priesthood permanently. Yahweh did this because Phineas zealously opposed the worship of foreign gods. That is what Yahweh means here by “I gave them to him for fear.” He is saying, in other words, “because he worshiped me exclusively and devotedly.” Yahweh was punishing the Israelites for this idol-worship with a plague that was killing many of them, but he ended the plague because of what Phineas did. So this was a covenant of **peace** (Yahweh was no longer hostile to the Israelites). It was also a covenant of **life** (Yahweh was no longer punishing the Israelites with death). The word **life** may also reflect that this was a permanent covenant that would not end. The notes to [2:5](../02/05.md) suggest ways to translate these statements.\n\n## Translation Issues\n\n### And did he not make one (2:15a)\n\nHere are two views Bible scholars have regarding the correct interpretation of these words. (1) The word **one** refers to the close connection a husband and wife have. Alternate translation: “And did not God make you one with your wife?” (2) The word **one** refers to God. Alternate translation: “And did not the one God make you” \n\n### and a remnant of spirit {was} to him? (2:15b)\n\nHere are two views, among many, that Bible scholars have regarding the correct interpretation of these words. (1) These words mean that the bodies and spirits of a husband and wife belong to God. Alternate translation: “and you and your wife belong to God” (2) These words mean that a husband and wife are united in body and spirit. Alternate translation: “God made you to become united with your wife in body and spirit”\n\n\n### “and one {who} covers over his garment with violence” (2:16)\n\nHere are three views Bible scholars have regarding the correct interpretation of these words. (1) it means that husband and wifeMalachi is speaking as if **violence** were a substance with which a person could cover a **garment**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. The idea of complete covering conveys emphasis. Alternate translation: “and one who acts very violently” (2) The word **violence** refers to harsh actions that could include actions other than divorce. Alternate translation: “and one who acts violently” (3) The word **violence** refers to violent or cruel actions which a person conceals. Alternate translation: “and one who conceals their violence”\n
 2:1	j8l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	וְ⁠עַתָּ֗ה	1	See how you translated the same expression in [1:9](../01/09.md).
 2:2	k2n6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	לֹ֣א תִשְׁמְע֡וּ	1	In contexts such as this, the word translated as **listen** has the specific sense of complying with what someone has said. Alternate translation: “you will not obey”
 2:2	o1q7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	לֹא֩ תָשִׂ֨ימוּ עַל לֵ֜ב & אֵינְ⁠כֶ֖ם שָׂמִ֥ים עַל לֵֽב	1	This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean to take something seriously or to pay attention to it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will not take it seriously … you are not taking this seriously” or “you will not pay attention to it … you are not paying attention to this”
@@ -103,12 +103,12 @@ front:intro	axt4				0	# Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
 2:5	v3x9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	שְׁמִ֖⁠י	1	Yahweh is using one part of himself, his **name**, to mean all of himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “me”
 2:6	y5z8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	בְּ⁠פִ֔י⁠הוּ & בִ⁠שְׂפָתָ֑י⁠ו & הָלַ֣ךְ & הֵשִׁ֥יב	1	Since Yahweh is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form. Alternate translation: “in the mouths of the earlier priests … on their lips … they walked … they turned”
 2:6	c1n7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	תּוֹרַ֤ת אֱמֶת֙ הָיְתָ֣ה בְּ⁠פִ֔י⁠הוּ	1	Yahweh is using the word **mouth** by association to mean what the priests said. Alternate translation: “He spoke the instruction of truth”
-2:6	d3f5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	תּוֹרַ֤ת אֱמֶת֙ הָיְתָ֣ה בְּ⁠פִ֔י⁠הוּ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “By what he said, he instructed the people truthfully”
+2:6	d3f5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	תּוֹרַ֤ת אֱמֶת֙ הָיְתָ֣ה בְּ⁠פִ֔י⁠הוּ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “He taught the people true things”
 2:6	a9d2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וְ⁠עַוְלָ֖ה לֹא נִמְצָ֣א בִ⁠שְׂפָתָ֑י⁠ו	1	The people of this culture commonly said that something **was … found** to mean that it existed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and there was no iniquity on his lips”
-2:6	i2h8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וְ⁠עַוְלָ֖ה לֹא נִמְצָ֣א בִ⁠שְׂפָתָ֑י⁠ו	1	Yahweh is using the word **lips** by association to mean what the priests said. Alternate translation: “and there was no iniquity in what he said”
+2:6	i2h8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וְ⁠עַוְלָ֖ה לֹא נִמְצָ֣א בִ⁠שְׂפָתָ֑י⁠ו	1	Yahweh is using the word **lips** by association to mean what the priests said. Alternate translation: “and there was no iniquity in what he said” or “and there was no iniquity found in what he said” 
 2:6	m4t9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	וְ⁠עַוְלָ֖ה לֹא נִמְצָ֣א בִ⁠שְׂפָתָ֑י⁠ו	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **iniquity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and he did not say things that led people to do what was wrong”
 2:6	a7n1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	בְּ⁠שָׁל֤וֹם וּ⁠בְ⁠מִישׁוֹר֙	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **peace** and **uprightness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Peacefully and righteously”
-2:6	a2k6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הָלַ֣ךְ אִתִּ֔⁠י	1	Yahweh is speaking of how a person lives as if that were a path that he would **walk** along. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “he lived as I want people to live”
+2:6	a2k6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הָלַ֣ךְ אִתִּ֔⁠י	1	Yahweh is speaking of how a person lives as if that were a path that he would **walk** along. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “he lived as I want people to live” or “he lived in fellowship with me” 
 2:6	k3l8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ⁠רַבִּ֖ים הֵשִׁ֥יב מֵ⁠עָוֺֽן	1	Yahweh is speaking as if **iniquity** were a place from which people could be **turned** away. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he influenced many to stop committing iniquity”
 2:6	m1j7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	מֵ⁠עָוֺֽן	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **iniquity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “from doing what is wrong”
 2:7	a5n9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	שִׂפְתֵ֤י כֹהֵן֙ יִשְׁמְרוּ דַ֔עַת	1	Yahweh is using one part of a priest, his **lips**, to mean all of him in the act of speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a priest, through what he says, should give people better knowledge of how to obey Yahweh”
@@ -126,13 +126,13 @@ front:intro	axt4				0	# Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
 2:9	m7t3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וְ⁠נֹשְׂאִ֥ים פָּנִ֖ים	1	See how you translated the similar expression in [1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “and you are showing favoritism”
 2:9	i9k2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בַּ⁠תּוֹרָֽה	1	Yahweh assumes that the priests will know that in this instance, the expression **the instruction** implicitly means the law of Moses and how the priests have been applying it in individual cases. (Elsewhere in the chapter, the term has a more general meaning.) You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “regarding how you apply the law of Moses”
 2:10	e5n8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠ל֨וֹא אָ֤ב אֶחָד֙ לְ⁠כֻלָּ֔⁠נוּ הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑⁠נוּ	1	Malachi is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “We all have one father; one God created us!”
-2:10	t1u6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	הֲ⁠ל֨וֹא אָ֤ב אֶחָד֙ לְ⁠כֻלָּ֔⁠נוּ הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑⁠נוּ	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. However, since the first uses an image and the second explains the image, you might keep both phrases in your translation and show how the second explains the first. Alternate translation: “The same God created all of us. And so it is as if we all had the same father.”
+2:10	t1u6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	הֲ⁠ל֨וֹא אָ֤ב אֶחָד֙ לְ⁠כֻלָּ֔⁠נוּ הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑⁠נוּ	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. However, since the first uses an image and the second explains the image, you might keep both phrases in your translation and show how the second explains the first. Alternate translation: “The same God created all of us. And so it is as if we all had the same father”
 2:10	w3y7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	מַדּ֗וּעַ נִבְגַּד֙ אִ֣ישׁ בְּ⁠אָחִ֔י⁠ו לְ⁠חַלֵּ֖ל בְּרִ֥ית אֲבֹתֵֽי⁠נוּ	1	Malachi is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “We should not deal treacherously, a man against his brother, profaning the covenant of our fathers!”
 2:10	z1b4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	אִ֣ישׁ בְּ⁠אָחִ֔י⁠ו	1	This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean that people were acting against others of their own community. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people against others of their own community”
-2:10	d1f3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֲבֹתֵֽי⁠נוּ	1	Malachi is speaking of the ancestors of the Israelites as if they were the **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “our predecessors”
+2:10	d1f3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֲבֹתֵֽי⁠נוּ	1	Malachi is speaking of the ancestors of the Israelites as if they were the **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “our forefathers”
 2:11	h1j4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	בָּגְדָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וְ⁠תוֹעֵבָ֛ה נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה בְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּ⁠בִ⁠ירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah are doing treacherous things in Israel and in Jerusalem”
 2:11	l3n6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	בָּגְדָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה & חִלֵּ֣ל יְהוּדָ֗ה	1	Since Malachi is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah have dealt treacherously … The people of Judah have profaned”
-2:11	q5s9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	וְ⁠תוֹעֵבָ֛ה נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה בְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּ⁠בִ⁠ירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the people have done an abomination in Israel and in Jerusalem”
+2:11	q5s9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	וְ⁠תוֹעֵבָ֛ה נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה בְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּ⁠בִ⁠ירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the people have done an abomination in Israel and in Jerusalem” or “and the people have committed an abomination in Israel and in Jerusalem” 
 2:11	u1w4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וּ⁠בָעַ֖ל בַּת אֵ֥ל נֵכָֽר	1	Malachi is speaking as if foreign gods had **daughters** that the people of Judah could **marry**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. This could mean: (1) that the Judeans have allied themselves closely with foreign gods as their worshipers, as if they had made a marriage alliance the way kingdoms did. Alternate translation: “and has worshiped foreign gods” (2) that Judean men have married foreign women, and this has led them to worship foreign gods. Alternate translation: “and Judean men have married foreign women and begun to worship their gods”
 2:12	x3z7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	יַכְרֵ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה & מֵ⁠אָהֳלֵ֖י יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב	1	Malachi is describing the people of Israel by association with their ancestor **Jacob**, who was also known as Israel. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh cut off from the tents of the people of Israel”
 2:12	b5d8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	יַכְרֵ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה	1	The expression **cut off** is one that people of this culture would commonly use to mean to "remove." If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh remove”
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ front:intro	axt4				0	# Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
 2:13	r3t7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	כַּסּ֤וֹת דִּמְעָה֙ אֶת מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה	1	Malachi is making an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “weeping profusely at the altar of Yahweh”
 2:13	v5x8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	פְּנוֹת֙ אֶל הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֔ה וְ⁠לָ⁠קַ֥חַת רָצ֖וֹן מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶֽם	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Malachi uses them together to emphasize how Yahweh is rejecting the offerings. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “accepting your offerings favorably”
 2:13	y7z1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	פְּנוֹת֙ אֶל הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֔ה	1	The phrase **turning to** is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean "to pay attention to" or "to accept something." If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “accepting the offering”
-2:13	c3d6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶֽם	1	Malachi is using one part of the people, their **hand**, to mean all of them in the act of offering sacrifices. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from you”
+2:13	c3d6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶֽם	1	Malachi is using one part of the people, their **hand**, to mean all of them in the act of offering sacrifices. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from you” or “that you give” 
 2:14	g1i4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	יְהוָה֩ הֵעִ֨יד בֵּינְ⁠ךָ֜ וּ⁠בֵ֣ין אֵ֣שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֗י⁠ךָ	1	In this culture, when people made promises to one another, they often did this with witnesses watching. The role of those witnesses included holding the people to their promises. The Judean men had made covenant promises to their wives when they married them. Malachi assumes that those men will know that when he refers to Yahweh as a **witness**, he means that Yahweh is holding them to those promises. Yahweh is doing that by showing his disfavor through not accepting their offerings. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is enforcing the covenant promises you made to the wife of your youth”
 2:14	k5m8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	בֵּינְ⁠ךָ֜ & נְעוּרֶ֗י⁠ךָ & אַתָּה֙ בָּגַ֣דְתָּה & חֲבֶרְתְּ⁠ךָ֖ & בְּרִיתֶֽ⁠ךָ	1	Except for the first occurrence of the the word **you**, the words **you**, **your**, and **yourself** are singular in this verse because, even though Malachi is speaking to the Judeans as a group, he is addressing an individual situation. So use singular forms in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
 2:14	o3q6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	אֵ֣שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֗י⁠ךָ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **youth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the wife you married when you were young”
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ front:intro	axt4				0	# Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
 3:1	j7l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וּ⁠פִנָּה דֶ֖רֶךְ לְ⁠פָנָ֑⁠י	1	Yahweh is using the word **face** to mean his presence by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “and he will prepare the way for me to be present among you”
 3:1	n3q6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וּ⁠פִנָּה דֶ֖רֶךְ לְ⁠פָנָ֑⁠י	1	Yahweh is speaking of his coming as if it were a journey for which a **way** needed to be prepared. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will get things ready for my coming”
 3:1	r5t8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הִנֵּה	1	Yahweh uses this word to get the people’s attention. See how you translated a similar use of this word in [1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “pay attention”
-3:2	v7x1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	וּ⁠מִ֤י מְכַלְכֵּל֙ אֶת י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠מִ֥י הָ⁠עֹמֵ֖ד בְּ⁠הֵרָֽאוֹת֑⁠וֹ כִּֽי הוּא֙ כְּ⁠אֵ֣שׁ מְצָרֵ֔ף וּ⁠כְ⁠בֹרִ֖ית מְכַבְּסִֽים	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “He will be like the fire of a refiner and like the soap of a launderer. So who will be able to endure the day of his coming? And who will be able to stand when he appears?”
+3:2	v7x1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	וּ⁠מִ֤י מְכַלְכֵּל֙ אֶת י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠מִ֥י הָ⁠עֹמֵ֖ד בְּ⁠הֵרָֽאוֹת֑⁠וֹ כִּֽי הוּא֙ כְּ⁠אֵ֣שׁ מְצָרֵ֔ף וּ⁠כְ⁠בֹרִ֖ית מְכַבְּסִֽים	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “He will be like the fire of a refiner and like the soap of launderers. So who will be able to endure the day of his coming? And who will be able to stand when he appears?”
 3:2	y1z4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	וּ⁠מִ֤י מְכַלְכֵּל֙ אֶת י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠מִ֥י הָ⁠עֹמֵ֖ד בְּ⁠הֵרָֽאוֹת֑⁠וֹ	1	Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to endure the day of his coming! No one will be able to stand when he appears!”
 3:2	c5d8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	וּ⁠מִ֤י מְכַלְכֵּל֙ אֶת י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠מִ֥י הָ⁠עֹמֵ֖ד בְּ⁠הֵרָֽאוֹת֑⁠וֹ	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. It may be clearer in your language to connect the phrases with a word other than "and" in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to endure the day of his coming! Indeed, no one will be able to stand when he appears!”
 3:2	g3i6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הָ⁠עֹמֵ֖ד	1	Yahweh is using the image of **standing** to speak of a person being declared innocent. The idea is that if he were declared guilty, that would be like a weight too heavy for the person to carry, and the person would sink down under it. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be declared innocent”
@@ -171,14 +171,14 @@ front:intro	axt4				0	# Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
 3:3	s3u6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֶת בְּנֵֽי לֵוִי֙	1	Yahweh is speaking as if these priests were the **sons** of their ancestor **Levi**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Levi who are priests”
 3:3	w7y1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	וְ⁠זִקַּ֣ק אֹתָ֔⁠ם כַּ⁠זָּהָ֖ב וְ⁠כַ⁠כָּ֑סֶף	1	The point of this comparison is that just as gold and silver are refined to remove impurities, so the messenger will purify the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he will purify the people from sin just as gold and silver are refined to remove impurities from them”
 3:4	z5b8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	מִנְחַ֥ת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִ⁠ירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם	1	Since Yahweh is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form. Alternate translation: “the offerings of the people of Judah and Jerusalem”
-3:4	d7f1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	כִּ⁠ימֵ֣י עוֹלָ֔ם וּ⁠כְ⁠שָׁנִ֖ים קַדְמֹנִיּֽוֹת	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “as in ancient times”
+3:4	d7f1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	כִּ⁠ימֵ֣י עוֹלָ֔ם וּ⁠כְ⁠שָׁנִ֖ים קַדְמֹנִיּֽוֹת	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “as in the past”
 3:5	h5j8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	בַּֽ⁠מְכַשְּׁפִים֙ וּ⁠בַ⁠מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים וּ⁠בַ⁠נִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים לַ⁠שָּׁ֑קֶר וּ⁠בְ⁠עֹשְׁקֵ֣י שְׂכַר שָׂ֠כִיר אַלְמָנָ֨ה וְ⁠יָת֤וֹם וּ⁠מַטֵּי גֵר֙ וְ⁠לֹ֣א יְרֵא֔וּ⁠נִי	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “against those who, because they do not fear me, are sorcerers or adulterers or swear to a lie or oppress the wage of the hired worker, the widow, and the orphan or turn aside the foreigner”
 3:5	l1n4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	לַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּט֒	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as a judge”
 3:5	q3s6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	וְ⁠הָיִ֣יתִי עֵ֣ד מְמַהֵ֗ר בַּֽ⁠מְכַשְּׁפִים֙ וּ⁠בַ⁠מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים וּ⁠בַ⁠נִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים לַ⁠שָּׁ֑קֶר וּ⁠בְ⁠עֹשְׁקֵ֣י שְׂכַר שָׂ֠כִיר אַלְמָנָ֨ה וְ⁠יָת֤וֹם וּ⁠מַטֵּי גֵר֙	1	Yahweh is using the idea of being a **witness** to represent the entire process of judging and punishing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And I will declare people guilty and punish them for what they have done wrong, including sorcerers, adulterers, those who swear to a lie, those who oppress the wage of the hired worker, the widow, and the orphan, and those who turn aside the foreigner”
 3:5	u5w8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	וּ⁠בְ⁠עֹשְׁקֵ֣י שְׂכַר	1	Yahweh is speaking of **wage** as if it were a person who could be oppressed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and against those who do not pay fair wages to”
 3:5	x1z4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	שָׂ֠כִיר אַלְמָנָ֨ה וְ⁠יָת֤וֹם & גֵר֙	1	Here, **the hired worker** and **the widow**  and **the orphan** and **the foreigner** represent hired workers, widows, orphans, and foreigners in general, not a specific **hired worker** or **widow** or **orphan** or **foreigner**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “hired workers, widows, orphans … foreigners”
 3:5	b3d6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וּ⁠מַטֵּי גֵר֙	1	Yahweh is speaking of denying justice to foreigners as if people who did that were **turning** them **aside** from a road they were walking on and needed to stay on. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and those who deny justice to foreigners”
-3:6	f7h1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א שָׁנִ֑יתִי וְ⁠אַתֶּ֥ם בְּנֵֽי יַעֲקֹ֖ב לֹ֥א כְלִיתֶֽם	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate the double negative, **not come to an end**. Alternate translation: “It is only because I, Yahweh, have remained the same that you, sons of Jacob, are still a people group”
+3:6	f7h1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א שָׁנִ֑יתִי וְ⁠אַתֶּ֥ם בְּנֵֽי יַעֲקֹ֖ב לֹ֥א כְלִיתֶֽם	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate the double negatives **do not change** and **have not come to an end**. Alternate translation: “It is only because I, Yahweh, have remained the same that you, sons of Jacob, are still a people group”
 3:6	j1l4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	לֹ֣א שָׁנִ֑יתִי	1	Yahweh assumes that the Judeans will understand that when he says that he does **not change**, he means that he always keeps his promises. He promised Abraham that he would bless his descendants, and so he is still taking care of them, even though they have been disobedient. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “always keep my promises” or “intend to keep my promise to Abraham to bless his descendants”
 3:6	n5q8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	בְּנֵֽי יַעֲקֹ֖ב	1	Yahweh is speaking of the Israelites as if they were the **sons** of their ancestor Jacob. See how you translated the similar expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob”
 3:7	r7t1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֲבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֜ם	1	Yahweh is speaking of the ancestors of the Israelites as if they were the literal **fathers** of the current generation. Alternate translation: “forefathers”
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ front:intro	axt4				0	# Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
 3:16	m009		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וּ⁠לְ⁠חֹשְׁבֵ֖י שְׁמֽ⁠וֹ	1	The author is using the word **name** to represent Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “and for the ones who were concerned for the honor of his reputation”
 3:17	x5z8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	וְ⁠הָ֣יוּ לִ֗⁠י אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת & סְגֻלָּ֑ה	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **possession**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: ““And I will possess them” says Yahweh of Armies, “in a special way”
 3:17	b7d1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	לַ⁠יּ֕וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י עֹשֶׂ֣ה	1	Yahweh speaks as if he is **preparing** a **day**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the time when I act, as I am now preparing to do”
-3:17	f3h6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כַּֽ⁠אֲשֶׁר֙	1	The point of this comparison is that **just as** a father tenderly cares for his son who serves him, so Yahweh will tenderly care for those who serve him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “just as tenderly as”
+3:17	f3h6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כַּֽ⁠אֲשֶׁר֙	1	The point of this comparison is that **just as** a father tenderly cares for his son who serves him, so Yahweh will tenderly care for those who serve him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the same way that”
 3:18	m010		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וְ⁠שַׁבְתֶּם֙ וּ⁠רְאִיתֶ֔ם	1	This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean to seeing something again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you will see once again”
 3:18	m011		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וְ⁠שַׁבְתֶּם֙ וּ⁠רְאִיתֶ֔ם	1	Yahweh assumes that the people will understand that by **see**, he means acknowledge. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And once again you will acknowledge”
 3:18	r3t6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	בֵּ֥ין צַדִּ֖יק לְ⁠רָשָׁ֑ע	1	Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “that there is a difference between the righteous and the wicked”