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@ -620,68 +620,57 @@ front:intro bs9v 0 # Introduction to 2 Samuel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
15:8 x8c1 For your servant 0 Here Absalom refers to himself this way to honor the king.
15:9 z24j So Absalom arose 0 Alternate translation: “So Absalom left”
15:10 k6i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy throughout all the tribes of Israel 0 Here the places where the tribes of Israel lived are referred to as the tribes themselves. Alternate translation: “throughout the land of the tribes of Israel”
15:10 yb9l the sound of the trumpet 0 Alternate translation: “a trumpet being blown”
15:11 y3hm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who were invited 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who he had invited”
15:11 j5ty went in their innocence 0 Alternate translation: “went innocently”
15:12 p6px rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he sent for Ahithophel 0 This means that he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel and bring him back to him. Alternate translation: “he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel who was”
15:12 b237 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahithophel 0 This is the name of a man.
15:12 v7wx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Giloh 0 This is the name of a place.
15:13 wjk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The hearts of the men of Israel are following after 0 Here the men are referred to by their “hearts” to emphasize their loyalty to Absalom. Alternate translation: “The men of Israel are loyal to” or “The men of Israel are following after”
15:14 brg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche escape from Absalom … he will quickly … and he will bring 0 Here David speaks of Absalom and the men with him as “Absalom” himself because the men are following Absalom’s authority. Alternate translation: “escape from Absalom and his men … he and his men will quickly … and they will bring”
15:14 t8eh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy attack the city with the edge of the sword 0 The “city” is a metonym referring to the people in the city. The “edge of the sword” is a synecdoche referring to the Israelites’ swords and emphasize that they killed the people in battle. Alternate translation: “will attack the people of our city and kill them with their swords” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:14 t8eh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy attack the city with the edge of the sword 0 The “city” is a metonym referring to the people in the city. Alternate translation: “will attack the people of our city and kill them with their swords”
15:14 fg52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The “edge of the sword” is a synecdoche referring to the Israelites’ swords and emphasize that they killed the people in battle.
15:14 s5ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom bring down disaster 0 This means to cause disaster to happen.
15:16 hpv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to keep the palace 0 Here the word “keep” means to care for. Alternate translation: “to care for the palace”
15:17 cv7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit at the last house 0 This refers to the last house they would come to when leaving the city. Alternate translation: “at the last house as they were leaving the city”
15:18 hx7p Kerethites … Pelethites 0 Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
15:18 vht5 Gittites 0 Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
15:18 tp2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers six hundred men 0 “600 men”
15:19 u5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ittai 0 This is the name of a man.
15:19 n5dh Gittite 0 Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
15:19 k4yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why will you come with us? 0 This rhetorical question indicates that the king does not think they should go along with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to go with us.”
15:20 dw1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion why should I make you wander all over with us? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes David did not want Ittai to come. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to cause you to wander around with us.”
15:20 wfd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole Since you just left yesterday 0 Here “yesterday” is an exaggeration that emphasizes a short amount of time. Ittai the Gittite had lived there for several years. Alternate translation: “Since you have lived here only a short time”
15:20 e3e8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit May loyalty and faithfulness go with you 0 This is a blessing that David is giving to him. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh be faithful and loyal to you always”
15:21 m7sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As Yahweh lives, and as my master the king lives 0 Here the speaker is making a solemn promise. He compare the certainty the he will fulfill his promise to the certainty that Yahweh and the king are alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that as surely as Yahweh and the king live”
15:20 e3e8 May loyalty and faithfulness go with you 0 This is a blessing that David is giving to him. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh be faithful and loyal to you always”
15:21 m7sh As Yahweh lives, and as my master the king lives 0 Here the speaker is making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that as surely as Yahweh and the king live”
15:21 q3e6 your servant 0 Ittai refers to himself this way to honor the king.
15:21 u8i6 whether that means living or dying 0 Alternate translation: “even if I get killed supporting you”
15:23 y8br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole All the country wept with a loud voice 0 Many of the people of Israel wept loudly when they saw the king leaving. Here this is generalized by saying that the whole country wept. Alternate translation: “All the people along the road wept” or “Many of the people wept”
15:23 cpg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor with a loud voice 0 Here the many people who were weeping are spoken of as if they shared one loud voice. Alternate translation: “loudly”
15:23 qn5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kidron Valley 0 This is the name of a place near Jerusalem.
15:25 x2mv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I find favor in the eyes of Yahweh 0 Here the “eyes of Yahweh” refer to Yahweh’s thoughts and opinion. If you “find favor” with someone it means that they are pleased with you. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is pleased with me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:25 x2mv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I find favor in the eyes of Yahweh 0 Here the “eyes of Yahweh” refer to Yahweh’s thoughts and opinion. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is pleased with me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:25 cm5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy where he lives 0 “where his presence is.” The ark of the covenant symbolizes Yahweh’s presence. This refers to the place where the ark is. Alternate translation: “where it is kept”
15:27 w3ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahimaaz 0 This is the name of a man.
15:27 k6y6 Abiathar 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 8:17](../08/17.md).
15:27 sn4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are you not a seer? 0 This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Zadok and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will be able to find out what is happening.”
15:27 sn4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are you not a seer? 0 This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Zadok. Alternate translation: “You will be able to find out what is happening.”
15:28 nvl5 See 0 Here this word means for the listener to pay attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
15:28 a6gq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy until word comes from you 0 This refers to him sending a messenger to the king. Alternate translation: “until you send a messenger to me to inform me”
15:28 g6m3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to inform me 0 Here the king implies he is to receive a message informing him about what is happening in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “to tell me what is happening in Jerusalem”
15:30 m59t barefoot 0 wearing no shoes or sandals
15:30 hz16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction his head covered 0 This is a sign of mourning and shame. Alternate translation: “his head covered in mourning”
15:31 e31r Ahithophel 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:11](../15/11.md).
15:31 a24n conspirators 0 people who join together against someone else
15:31 e4pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit please turn Ahithophel’s advice into foolishness 0 David is asking Yahweh to make Ahitohphel’s advice foolish and useless. Alternate translation: “please let whatever advice Ahithophel gives be foolishness and unsuccessful”
15:32 lr8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent It came about 0 “It happened.” This phrase marks the next event in the story line.
15:32 q4pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit at the top of the road 0 The word “top” is used here because David went up in elevation and is at the top of a hill. Alternate translation: “at the top of the hill”
15:32 kgp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive where God used to be worshiped 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where people once worshiped God”
15:32 bxf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hushai 0 This is the name of a man.
15:32 fmi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arkite 0 This is the name of a people group.
15:32 jt8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction with his coat torn and earth on his head 0 This is an act showing shame or repentance. Here the word “earth” means dirt. Alternate translation: “He had torn his clothes and put dirt on his head to show that he was very sad” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:32 jt8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction with his coat torn and earth on his head 0 This is an act showing shame or repentance. Alternate translation: “He had torn his clothes and put dirt on his head to show that he was very sad”
15:34 xy6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you will confuse Ahithophel’s advice for me 0 David is suggest to Hushai that he oppose whatever Ahithopel advises. Alternate translation: “you can serve me by opposing Ahithophel’s advice”
15:35 fr9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you not have the priests Zadok and Abiathar with you? 0 David asks this rhetorical question to tell Hushai that he will not be alone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there to help you.”
15:35 rkm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole whatever you hear 0 This is a generalization. It means all of the important and insightful things that he hears, not every single word he hears.
15:36 yg9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahimaaz … Jonathan 0 These are the names of men.
15:36 yg9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahimaaz 0 These are the names of men.
15:36 z36k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by their hand 0 The phrase “their hand” refers to the sons and means that they were to serve as messengers. Alternate translation: “their sons to tell me”
16:intro abcg 0 # 2 Samuel 16 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Absalom seeks advice from David’s advisers\nDavid’s best adviser, Ahithophel, told Absalom to publicly seduce the concubines that David had left to take care of the palace. Because the concubines were the king’s property, having sexual relations with a king’s concubines implied that Absalom was now the king. This would show the people that the break with David was complete. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Simile\n\nTo show how seriously people took Ahithophel’s advice, the author used a [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] comparing his advice to God’s advice. “Now the advice of Ahithophel that he gave in those days was as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself.”
16:1 uv2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ziba 0 This is a man’s name.
16:1 rzt4 Mephibosheth 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
16:1 eex7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers two hundred loaves … one hundred clusters … one hundred bunches 0 “200 loaves … 100 clusters … 100 bunches”
16:1 md5n loaves of bread 0 Alternate translation: “cakes of bread”
16:1 sje6 clusters of raisins … bunches of figs 0 These phrases refer to raisins or figs pressed together.
16:1 ibp3 raisins 0 dried grapes
16:1 x3jp a skin of wine 0 Alternate translation: “a wineskin full of wine”
16:2 j2cp faint 0 tired and weak
16:3 h7rz your master’s grandson 0 Alternate translation: “Mephibosheth, your master’s grandson”
16:3 bdv9 grandson 0 the son of one’s son or daughter
16:3 x26u Look 0 Here this word is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
16:3 b9kv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Israel 0 This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
16:3 fvn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will restore my father’s kingdom to me 0 Having a descendant of Saul being allowed to rule is spoken of as the kingdom being restored to their family. Alternate translation: “will allow me to rule the kingdom that my grandfather ruled”

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
620 15:8 x8c1 For your servant 0 Here Absalom refers to himself this way to honor the king.
621 15:9 z24j So Absalom arose 0 Alternate translation: “So Absalom left”
622 15:10 k6i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy throughout all the tribes of Israel 0 Here the places where the tribes of Israel lived are referred to as the tribes themselves. Alternate translation: “throughout the land of the tribes of Israel”
15:10 yb9l the sound of the trumpet 0 Alternate translation: “a trumpet being blown”
623 15:11 y3hm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who were invited 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who he had invited”
624 15:11 j5ty went in their innocence 0 Alternate translation: “went innocently”
625 15:12 p6px rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he sent for Ahithophel 0 This means that he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel and bring him back to him. Alternate translation: “he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel who was”
626 15:12 b237 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahithophel 0 This is the name of a man.
627 15:12 v7wx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Giloh 0 This is the name of a place.
15:13 wjk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The hearts of the men of Israel are following after 0 Here the men are referred to by their “hearts” to emphasize their loyalty to Absalom. Alternate translation: “The men of Israel are loyal to” or “The men of Israel are following after”
628 15:14 brg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche escape from Absalom … he will quickly … and he will bring 0 Here David speaks of Absalom and the men with him as “Absalom” himself because the men are following Absalom’s authority. Alternate translation: “escape from Absalom and his men … he and his men will quickly … and they will bring”
629 15:14 t8eh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy attack the city with the edge of the sword 0 The “city” is a metonym referring to the people in the city. The “edge of the sword” is a synecdoche referring to the Israelites’ swords and emphasize that they killed the people in battle. Alternate translation: “will attack the people of our city and kill them with their swords” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) The “city” is a metonym referring to the people in the city. Alternate translation: “will attack the people of our city and kill them with their swords”
630 15:14 fg52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The “edge of the sword” is a synecdoche referring to the Israelites’ swords and emphasize that they killed the people in battle.
631 15:14 s5ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom bring down disaster 0 This means to cause disaster to happen.
15:16 hpv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to keep the palace 0 Here the word “keep” means to care for. Alternate translation: “to care for the palace”
632 15:17 cv7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit at the last house 0 This refers to the last house they would come to when leaving the city. Alternate translation: “at the last house as they were leaving the city”
633 15:18 hx7p Kerethites … Pelethites 0 Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
634 15:18 vht5 Gittites 0 Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
15:18 tp2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers six hundred men 0 “600 men”
635 15:19 u5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ittai 0 This is the name of a man.
636 15:19 n5dh Gittite 0 Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
637 15:19 k4yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why will you come with us? 0 This rhetorical question indicates that the king does not think they should go along with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to go with us.”
638 15:20 dw1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion why should I make you wander all over with us? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes David did not want Ittai to come. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to cause you to wander around with us.”
639 15:20 wfd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole Since you just left yesterday 0 Here “yesterday” is an exaggeration that emphasizes a short amount of time. Ittai the Gittite had lived there for several years. Alternate translation: “Since you have lived here only a short time”
640 15:20 e3e8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit May loyalty and faithfulness go with you 0 This is a blessing that David is giving to him. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh be faithful and loyal to you always”
641 15:21 m7sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As Yahweh lives, and as my master the king lives 0 Here the speaker is making a solemn promise. He compare the certainty the he will fulfill his promise to the certainty that Yahweh and the king are alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that as surely as Yahweh and the king live” Here the speaker is making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that as surely as Yahweh and the king live”
642 15:21 q3e6 your servant 0 Ittai refers to himself this way to honor the king.
643 15:21 u8i6 whether that means living or dying 0 Alternate translation: “even if I get killed supporting you”
644 15:23 y8br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole All the country wept with a loud voice 0 Many of the people of Israel wept loudly when they saw the king leaving. Here this is generalized by saying that the whole country wept. Alternate translation: “All the people along the road wept” or “Many of the people wept”
645 15:23 cpg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor with a loud voice 0 Here the many people who were weeping are spoken of as if they shared one loud voice. Alternate translation: “loudly”
646 15:23 qn5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kidron Valley 0 This is the name of a place near Jerusalem.
647 15:25 x2mv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I find favor in the eyes of Yahweh 0 Here the “eyes of Yahweh” refer to Yahweh’s thoughts and opinion. If you “find favor” with someone it means that they are pleased with you. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is pleased with me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Here the “eyes of Yahweh” refer to Yahweh’s thoughts and opinion. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is pleased with me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
648 15:25 cm5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy where he lives 0 “where his presence is.” The ark of the covenant symbolizes Yahweh’s presence. This refers to the place where the ark is. Alternate translation: “where it is kept”
649 15:27 w3ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahimaaz 0 This is the name of a man.
650 15:27 k6y6 Abiathar 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 8:17](../08/17.md).
651 15:27 sn4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are you not a seer? 0 This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Zadok and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will be able to find out what is happening.” This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Zadok. Alternate translation: “You will be able to find out what is happening.”
652 15:28 nvl5 See 0 Here this word means for the listener to pay attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
653 15:28 a6gq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy until word comes from you 0 This refers to him sending a messenger to the king. Alternate translation: “until you send a messenger to me to inform me”
654 15:28 g6m3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to inform me 0 Here the king implies he is to receive a message informing him about what is happening in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “to tell me what is happening in Jerusalem”
15:30 m59t barefoot 0 wearing no shoes or sandals
655 15:30 hz16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction his head covered 0 This is a sign of mourning and shame. Alternate translation: “his head covered in mourning”
656 15:31 e31r Ahithophel 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:11](../15/11.md).
15:31 a24n conspirators 0 people who join together against someone else
657 15:31 e4pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit please turn Ahithophel’s advice into foolishness 0 David is asking Yahweh to make Ahitohphel’s advice foolish and useless. Alternate translation: “please let whatever advice Ahithophel gives be foolishness and unsuccessful”
658 15:32 lr8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent It came about 0 “It happened.” This phrase marks the next event in the story line.
659 15:32 q4pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit at the top of the road 0 The word “top” is used here because David went up in elevation and is at the top of a hill. Alternate translation: “at the top of the hill”
15:32 kgp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive where God used to be worshiped 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where people once worshiped God”
660 15:32 bxf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hushai 0 This is the name of a man.
661 15:32 fmi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arkite 0 This is the name of a people group.
662 15:32 jt8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction with his coat torn and earth on his head 0 This is an act showing shame or repentance. Here the word “earth” means dirt. Alternate translation: “He had torn his clothes and put dirt on his head to show that he was very sad” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) This is an act showing shame or repentance. Alternate translation: “He had torn his clothes and put dirt on his head to show that he was very sad”
663 15:34 xy6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you will confuse Ahithophel’s advice for me 0 David is suggest to Hushai that he oppose whatever Ahithopel advises. Alternate translation: “you can serve me by opposing Ahithophel’s advice”
664 15:35 fr9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you not have the priests Zadok and Abiathar with you? 0 David asks this rhetorical question to tell Hushai that he will not be alone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there to help you.”
665 15:35 rkm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole whatever you hear 0 This is a generalization. It means all of the important and insightful things that he hears, not every single word he hears.
666 15:36 yg9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahimaaz … Jonathan Ahimaaz 0 These are the names of men.
667 15:36 z36k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by their hand 0 The phrase “their hand” refers to the sons and means that they were to serve as messengers. Alternate translation: “their sons to tell me”
668 16:intro abcg 0 # 2 Samuel 16 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Absalom seeks advice from David’s advisers\nDavid’s best adviser, Ahithophel, told Absalom to publicly seduce the concubines that David had left to take care of the palace. Because the concubines were the king’s property, having sexual relations with a king’s concubines implied that Absalom was now the king. This would show the people that the break with David was complete. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Simile\n\nTo show how seriously people took Ahithophel’s advice, the author used a [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] comparing his advice to God’s advice. “Now the advice of Ahithophel that he gave in those days was as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself.”
669 16:1 uv2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ziba 0 This is a man’s name.
670 16:1 rzt4 Mephibosheth 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
16:1 eex7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers two hundred loaves … one hundred clusters … one hundred bunches 0 “200 loaves … 100 clusters … 100 bunches”
16:1 md5n loaves of bread 0 Alternate translation: “cakes of bread”
671 16:1 sje6 clusters of raisins … bunches of figs 0 These phrases refer to raisins or figs pressed together.
672 16:1 ibp3 raisins 0 dried grapes
16:1 x3jp a skin of wine 0 Alternate translation: “a wineskin full of wine”
16:2 j2cp faint 0 tired and weak
673 16:3 h7rz your master’s grandson 0 Alternate translation: “Mephibosheth, your master’s grandson”
16:3 bdv9 grandson 0 the son of one’s son or daughter
674 16:3 x26u Look 0 Here this word is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
675 16:3 b9kv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Israel 0 This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
676 16:3 fvn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will restore my father’s kingdom to me 0 Having a descendant of Saul being allowed to rule is spoken of as the kingdom being restored to their family. Alternate translation: “will allow me to rule the kingdom that my grandfather ruled”

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@ -1437,7 +1437,6 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
13:5 ttf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֔ים 1 Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a **house** where people keep **slaves**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the place where you were slaves”
13:5 tbl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠הַדִּֽיחֲ⁠ךָ֙ מִן־הַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֧ר צִוְּ⁠ךָ֛ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖י⁠ךָ לָ⁠לֶ֣כֶת בָּ֑⁠הּ 1 Here Moses is speaking of obedience as if it were a **way** on which one walks. He speaks of disobedience as going away from that path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to cause you to reject the commands of Yahweh your God”
13:5 qi6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָ⁠רָ֖ע מִ⁠קִּרְבֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 Here Moses is speaking of **evil** as if it were a physical object one could remove from a community of people If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And do not tolerate evil among you”
13:5 nf2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj הָ⁠רָ֖ע 1 Moses is using the adjective **evil** as a noun to mean an evil person and their evil behavior. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “any evildoer”
13:6 k2qh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo כִּ֣י 1 Moses is using the word translated as **If** to introduce a hypothetical situation. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “Should it happen that”
13:6 ync7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֵ֣שֶׁת חֵיקֶ֗⁠ךָ 1 Here, **bosom** represents relational intimacy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your dear wife”
13:6 qme9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile רֵֽעֲ⁠ךָ֛ אֲשֶׁ֥ר כְּ⁠נַפְשְׁ⁠ךָ֖ 1 Here, Moses means a **friend** who is so important to someone that they are as important as **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “your dearest friend”
@ -1930,83 +1929,99 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
18:22 hr17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns דִּבְּר֣⁠וֹ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the false prophecy. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “has spoken the message”
18:22 ys2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠זָדוֹן֙ דִּבְּר֣⁠וֹ 1 The implication is that the false prophet did not speak in the name of Yahweh. He spoke **arrogantly** by presuming to know what Yahweh wants. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “has spoken it message without my authority”
18:22 nweh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹ֥א תָג֖וּר מִמֶּֽ⁠נּוּ 1 The implication is that the Israelites should not **be afraid** of that prophet and not respect that prophet. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you shall not take him seriously”
19:intro r53s 0 # Deuteronomy 19 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Justice\n\nAnother way justice would be maintained in Israel was by avoiding revenge killings. This chapter describes the establishment of special cities to protect those fleeing from revenge killings. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])\n\n### Witnesses\n\nIn the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Law of retaliation\n\nThe chapter describes a famous law, often called the “law of retaliation.” It is said, an “eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.” This does not mean a person who causes another person to lose their eye must have their own eye removed as punishment. This law is not about making all things equal. Instead, it is about limiting the punishment or the ability of a person to retaliate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:1 rka3 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
19:1 av28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor When Yahweh your God cuts off the nations 0 Yahweh destroying the people who live in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree.
19:1 jh1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the nations 0 This represents the people groups that live in Canaan.
19:1 y55w those whose land Yahweh your God is giving you 0 Alternate translation: “those nations who were living in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you”
19:1 kl51 come after them 0 Alternate translation: “take the land from those nations” or “possess the land after those nations are gone”
19:2 l8je rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers select three cities 0 Alternate translation: “choose 3 cities”
19:3 ty5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You must build a road 0 They were to build roads so that it would be easy for people to travel to these cities.
19:3 g91q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit divide the borders of your land into three parts 0 It is implied that one of the cities they choose must be in each part of the land.
19:3 psa1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit 0 Yahweh giving the land to the people of Israel is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land.
19:4 inz6 This is the instruction 0 Alternate translation: “These are the instructions” or “These are the directions”
19:4 v7rc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis concerning the one who kills another 0 The word “person” is understood. Alternate translation: “for a person who kills another person”
19:4 cez8 and flees from there 0 Alternate translation: “and who escapes to one of these cities” or “who runs to one of these cities”
19:4 k7eb the one who unintentionally kills his neighbor 0 Here “neighbor” means any person in general. Alternate translation: “any person who kills another person by accident”
19:4 uvu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit without hating him at the time of the accident 0 Alternate translation: “but did not hate his neighbor before he killed him.” This implies there was no cause for him to kill his neighbor purposely.
19:5 qb1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo For example, if a man goes into the forest … to cut wood 0 The author gives a hypothetical situation where a person accidentally kills another person.
19:5 i3cb the ax head slips off of the handle 0 The iron part of the ax comes off the wooden handle.
19:5 wkv1 strikes his neighbor and kills him 0 This means the head of the ax hits and kills the neighbor.
19:5 l3mr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to one of these cities and save his life 0 It is implied that the family of the dead man may try to get revenge. The man who killed him can flee to one of these cities, and the people there would protect him.
19:6 y7gu 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
19:6 qq6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the avenger of blood 0 Here “blood” represents the person who was killed. An “avenger of blood” is a close relative of the person who was killed. This relative is responsible for punishing the murderer.
19:6 xgi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the one who took a life 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the one who killed the other person”
19:6 xc46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the heat of his anger 0 Someone being very angry is spoken of as if anger were something that could become hot. Alternate translation: “and being very angry”
19:6 ugg9 strike him and kill him 0 Alternate translation: “And the blood avenger strikes and kills the one who had killed the other person”
19:6 z4dg though that man did not deserve to die, since he had not hated his neighbor in the past 0 Alternate translation: “though that man did not deserve to die since he accidentally killed the other person and was not his enemy, and he had not planned to hurt the man”
19:8 bj18 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
19:8 ge7t enlarges your borders 0 Alternate translation: “gives you more land to possess”
19:8 d84s as he has sworn to your ancestors to do 0 Alternate translation: “like he promised your ancestors that he would do”
19:9 a3eh if you keep all these commandments to do them 0 Alternate translation: “if you obey all these commandments”
19:9 jg6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to always walk in his ways 0 How God wants a person to live or behave is spoken of as if it were Yahweh’s way or road. A person who obeys Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh’s way or road. Alternate translation: “to always obey him”
19:9 yw53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers then you must add three more cities for yourself 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “then you must choose three more cities for a person to escape to if he accidentally kills someone” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:9 v9ky rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers besides these three 0 Alternate translation: “in addition to the three cities you already established”
19:10 pz9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Do this so that innocent blood is not shed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do this so that family members do not kill an innocent person”
19:10 nw4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy innocent blood is not shed 0 Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To shed blood means to kill a person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one kills an innocent person” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:10 g3td in the midst of the land 0 Alternate translation: “in the land” or “in the territory”
19:10 xf54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh your God is giving you for as an inheritance 0 The land that Yahweh is giving the people of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance.
19:10 jrj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so that no bloodguilt may be on you 0 The people of Israel being guilty for a person dying because they did not build a city where he would be safe from the “blood avenger” is spoken of as if the guilt of his death is on them.
19:10 swl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy bloodguilt 0 Here “blood” represents a life and “bloodguilt” refers to the guilt someone has for killing an innocent person.
19:10 p59g may be on you 0 This means that if a family member kills an innocent person, then all the people of Israel will be guilty for letting that happen.
19:11 vzh1 his neighbor 0 Here “neighbor” means any person in general.
19:11 c5ne rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit lies in wait for him 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “hides and waits in order to kill him” or “plans to kill him”
19:11 k2et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rises up against him 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “attacks him”
19:11 fl1g mortally wounds him so that he dies 0 Alternate translation: “hurts him so that he dies” or “and kills him”
19:12 y76n must send and bring him back from there 0 Alternate translation: “must send someone to get him and bring him back from the city that he escaped to”
19:12 w6c5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom turn him over 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “give him over”
19:12 wm9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand of the responsible relative 0 Here “the hand” represents the authority of someone. Alternate translation: “to the authority of the responsible relative” or “to the responsible relative”
19:12 mu7q the responsible relative 0 This is the relative of the person who was killed. This relative is responsible for punishing the murderer.
19:12 k525 he may die 0 Alternate translation: “the murderer may die” or “the responsible relative may execute the murderer”
19:13 nzj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Your eye must not pity him 0 Here “your eye” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not show him mercy” or “Do not feel sorry for him”
19:13 bf7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you must eradicate the bloodguilt from Israel 0 Here “bloodguilt” represents the guilt for murdering an innocent person. Alternate translation: “you must execute the murderer so that the people of Israel will not be guilty for the death of an innocent person”
19:13 m9xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from Israel 0 Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel.
19:14 ri32 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
19:14 il44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You must not remove your neighbor’s landmark 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “You must not take land away from your neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land”
19:14 z3yt they set in place 0 Alternate translation: “that your ancestors placed”
19:14 aq1b a long time ago 0 Moses means that when the people have lived in the land for a long time, they should not move the borders that their ancestors made when they first took the land.
19:14 xa6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in your inheritance that you will inherit, in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you to possess 0 Yahweh giving the land to the people of Israel is spoken of as if they were inheriting the land. Alternate translation: “in the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you to possess”
19:15 d18z 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
19:15 qy58 One sole witness 0 Alternate translation: “A single witness” or “Only one witness”
19:15 j3fr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom must not rise up against a man 0 Here “rise up” means to stand up in court and speak against someone to a judge. Alternate translation: “must not speak to the judges about something bad that a man did”
19:15 am59 in any matter that he sins 0 Alternate translation: “anytime that a man does something bad”
19:15 hv5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses 0 Here “mouth” represents what the witnesses say. It is implied that there must be at least two or three witnesses. Alternate translation: “at the testimony of at least two or three people” or “based on what at least two or three people say happened” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:15 b9c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive must any matter be confirmed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will you confirm that the man is guilty”
19:16 nhi5 Suppose that 0 Alternate translation: “When” or “If”
19:16 ece2 an unrighteous witness 0 Alternate translation: “a witness who intends to harm someone else”
19:16 zqg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rises up against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing 0 Here “rise up” means to stand up in court and speak against someone to a judge. Alternate translation: “tells the judge that a man sinned in order to get the man in trouble” or “tells the judge that a man sinned, so the judge will punish him”
19:17 e77t 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
19:17 l9ti the ones between whom the controversy exists 0 Alternate translation: “the ones who disagree with one another”
19:17 xh66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit must stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges 0 This means the two persons must go to the sanctuary where Yahweh’s presence dwells. At the sanctuary are priests and judges who have the authority to make legal decisions for Yahweh.
19:17 d8nf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges 0 The phrase “stand before” is an idiom. It means to go to someone with authority and let him make a legal decision about a matter.
19:18 cr9r The judges must make diligent inquiries 0 Alternate translation: “The judges must work very hard to determine what happened”
19:19 b5ya then must you do to him, as he had wished to do to his brother 0 Alternate translation: “then you must punish the false witness in the same way as he wanted you to punish the other man”
19:19 p5aa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj you will remove the evil from among you 0 The nominal adjective “the evil” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you will remove the evil practice from among you”
19:20 a23d Then those who remain 0 Alternate translation: “When you punish the false witness, the rest of the people”
19:20 n7hc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit will hear and fear 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will hear about the punishment and be afraid of getting punished”
19:20 wqw9 commit no longer any such evil 0 Alternate translation: “never again do something evil like that”
19:21 z5fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Your eyes must not pity 0 Here “eyes” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “You must not pity him” or “You must not show him mercy”
19:21 nz4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis life will pay for life … foot for foot 0 Here the phrases are shortened because the meaning is understood. It means the people must punish a person in the same way that he harmed another person.
19:intro r53s 0 # Deuteronomy 19 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n### Outline\n- vv. 1-13: Cities of refuge\n- v. 14: Property lines\n- vv. 15-21: Rules against bearing false witness\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Witnesses\n\nIn the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\n### Cities of Refuge\n\nVerses 1-13 discuss cities of refuge, which are towns to which a killer could flee. These verses address both cases where the killer accidentally kills another person, and cases where the killer plans the murder. In those times, a close family member of the deceased would be obligated to take revenge for the killing of his family member by finding and killing the manslayer. Yahweh provides protection for the killer who killed accidentally so that he will not be punished too harshly.\n(See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Law of retaliation\n\nThe chapter describes a famous law, often called the “law of retaliation.” It is said, an “eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.” This does not mean a person who causes another person to lose their eye must have their own eye removed as punishment. This law is not about making all things equal. Instead, it is about limiting the punishment or the ability of a person to retaliate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Generic Nouns in Hypothetical Situations\nThis chapter gives instructions and warnings for the Israelites. In these hypothetical conditions, singular nouns like “man,” “witness,” and “neighbor” represent those groups of people in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that these terms refer to any person who fulfills the hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
19:1 av28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַכְרִ֞ית יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ 1 Here, **cuts off** means destroy or exterminate. Yahweh destroying the people who live in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree.
19:1 jh1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֔ם 1 Here, **the nations** represents the people groups who live in those nations. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “those people groups”
19:1 ahp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֶת־אַרְצָ֑⁠ם 1 The pronoun **their** refers to the people of the “nations.” If this is not clear for your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the territory of those nations”
19:2 eteu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַּבְדִּ֣יל 1 See [book introduction](../front/intro.md) for more information about translating **shall**.
19:2 ugxz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo נֹתֵ֥ן לְ⁠ךָ֖ לְ⁠רִשְׁתָּֽ⁠הּ 1 The expression **is giving to you to possess it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “is giving to you”
19:3 ty5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּכִ֣ין לְ⁠ךָ֮ הַ⁠דֶּרֶךְ֒ 1 The implication is that the Israelites must build roads in between those cities so that it would be easy for people to travel to those cities. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Build a road for ease of travel”
19:3 g91q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠שִׁלַּשְׁתָּ֙ אֶת־גְּב֣וּל אַרְצְ⁠ךָ֔ 1 The implication is that the Israelites must divide their **land** into **three** regions. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and separate your land into three regions”
19:3 gih9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לָ⁠נ֥וּס שָׁ֖מָּ⁠ה כָּל־רֹצֵֽחַ 1 The implication is that anyone who kills another man may escape to one of the three cities. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “anyone who murders may flee there”
19:4 lxzw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דְּבַ֣ר 1 Here, **matter** represents rules and instructions for specific situations. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is what you must do concerning”
19:4 hbva rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַכֶּ֤ה 1 Here, **strike** means “kill.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “murders”
19:4 igyy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶת־רֵעֵ֨⁠הוּ֙ 1 Here, **neighbor** means “fellow Israelite.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his fellow Israelite”
19:4 vaca rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּ⁠בְלִי־דַ֔עַת 1 Here **without knowledge** means “unintentionally.” Moses is speaking of knowledge as if it were the same thing as intention. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “unintentionally”
19:4 uvu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠ה֛וּא לֹא־שֹׂנֵ֥א ל֖⁠וֹ מִ⁠תְּמֹ֥ל שִׁלְשֹֽׁם 1 The implication is that the killer had no reason to kill and did not plan the murder. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he did not hate him previously before and did not plan to kill him”
19:4 traa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo מִ⁠תְּמֹ֥ל שִׁלְשֹֽׁם 1 The expression **from previous times** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “previously”
19:5 qb1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo וַ⁠אֲשֶׁר֩ 1 Moses is introducing an example of an accidental murder to help the Israelites understand the commands about the cities of refuge. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “for example, who”
19:5 pvag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶת־רֵעֵ֥⁠הוּ & אֶת־רֵעֵ֖⁠הוּ 1 Here, **neighbor** means “fellow Israelite.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with his fellow Israelite … his fellow Israelite”
19:5 n0x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַ⁠בַּרְזֶל֙ 1 Here, **the iron** represents the metal part of the ax, which is the sharp part. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the blade of the ax”
19:5 kjm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠נָשַׁ֤ל הַ⁠בַּרְזֶל֙ מִן־הָ⁠עֵ֔ץ וּ⁠מָצָ֥א אֶת־רֵעֵ֖⁠הוּ 1 Here, Moses speaks of **the iron** part of the ax as if it were a person who could find a person. He means that the metal part of the ax hits and cuts the **neighbor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the iron detaches from the wood and hits his neighbor”
19:5 lvr0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וָ⁠מֵ֑ת ה֗וּא 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the “neighbor.” If this is not clear for your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and his neighbor dies”
19:5 wlkf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָנ֛וּס 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the “killer.” If this is not clear for your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the killer shall flee”
19:5 l3mr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָ⁠חָֽי 1 The implication is that the family members of the dead person would try to kill the manslayer, so the people of those **cities** would protect the killer so that he can **live**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and the avenger would not be able to kill him there”
19:6 mr4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo פֶּן 1 Moses is using the word **lest** to introduce a hypothetical condition as a warning for a negative consequence. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “In case”
19:6 y8e5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִרְדֹּף֩ גֹּאֵ֨ל הַ⁠דָּ֜ם אַחֲרֵ֣י הָ⁠רֹצֵ֗חַ כִּי־יֵחַם֮ לְבָב⁠וֹ֒ וְ⁠הִשִּׂיג֛⁠וֹ כִּֽי־יִרְבֶּ֥ה הַ⁠דֶּ֖רֶךְ 1 The implication is that, if there are no roads to the cities of refuge, it will be difficult for a killer to travel to a safe city. Then, the avenger of blood might overtake the killer before the killer arrives at the city. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers, as modeled by the UST.
19:6 qzap rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לְבָב⁠וֹ֒ & וְ⁠הִכָּ֣ה⁠וּ 1 The pronouns **his** and **he** refer to “the avenger of blood.” If this is not clear for your readers, you could repeat the phrase. Alternate translation: “the heart of the avenger … and the avenger strikes him”
19:6 dpt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יֵחַם֮ לְבָב⁠וֹ֒ 1 Here, **heart** refers to a person’s inner being and emotions. In this case, the desire is to fear Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his emotions are heated”\n
19:6 p7ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֵחַם֮ 1 Here, **heated** means “become angry.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “has become angry”
19:6 nbgp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הִכָּ֣ה⁠וּ נָ֑פֶשׁ 1 The implication is that the avenger of blood murdered the killer. He harmed the killer to the point of taking his **life**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he kills him”
19:6 ytbp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הִכָּ֣ה⁠וּ 1 Here, **strike** means “injure” or “harm.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he injures him”
19:6 z4dg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠ל⁠וֹ֙ אֵ֣ין מִשְׁפַּט־מָ֔וֶת כִּ֠י לֹ֣א שֹׂנֵ֥א ה֛וּא ל֖⁠וֹ מִ⁠תְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם 1 The implication is that a killer who killed accidentally does not deserve execution. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “though that man did not deserve to die since he accidentally killed the other person and was not his enemy, and he had not planned to hurt the man”
19:7 raqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language.
19:7 t157 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes מְצַוְּ⁠ךָ֖ לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר שָׁלֹ֥שׁ עָרִ֖ים תַּבְדִּ֥יל לָֽ⁠ךְ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “command you to select three cities for yourself”
19:7 vrq0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo שָׁלֹ֥שׁ עָרִ֖ים תַּבְדִּ֥יל לָֽ⁠ךְ 1 The expression **Select three cities for yourself** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “Select three cities”
19:8-9 erqp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical וְ⁠אִם־יַרְחִ֞יב יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ אֶת־גְּבֻ֣לְ⁠ךָ֔ כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לַ⁠אֲבֹתֶ֑י⁠ךָ וְ⁠נָ֤תַן לְ⁠ךָ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֖ר לָ⁠תֵ֥ת לַ⁠אֲבֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ & כִּֽי־תִשְׁמֹר֩ אֶת־כָּל־הַ⁠מִּצְוָ֨ה הַ⁠זֹּ֜את לַ⁠עֲשֹׂתָ֗⁠הּ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֣י מְצַוְּ⁠ךָ֮ הַ⁠יּוֹם֒ לְ⁠אַהֲבָ֞ה אֶת־יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛י⁠ךָ וְ⁠לָ⁠לֶ֥כֶת בִּ⁠דְרָכָ֖י⁠ו כָּל־הַ⁠יָּמִ֑ים 1 Moses is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that Yahweh will only enable the Israelites to conquer more land if they **keep all these commandments**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “If you keep all these commandments to do them, which I am commanding you today—to love Yahweh your God and to walk in his ways all of the days, then Yahweh your God will enlarge your borders, as he has sworn to your fathers, and he will give to you all the land that he spoke about to give to your fathers”
19:8-9 l9h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge וְ⁠אִם־יַרְחִ֞יב יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ אֶת־גְּבֻ֣לְ⁠ךָ֔ כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לַ⁠אֲבֹתֶ֑י⁠ךָ וְ⁠נָ֤תַן לְ⁠ךָ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֖ר לָ⁠תֵ֥ת לַ⁠אֲבֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ & כִּֽי־תִשְׁמֹר֩ אֶת־כָּל־הַ⁠מִּצְוָ֨ה הַ⁠זֹּ֜את לַ⁠עֲשֹׂתָ֗⁠הּ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֣י מְצַוְּ⁠ךָ֮ הַ⁠יּוֹם֒ לְ⁠אַהֲבָ֞ה אֶת־יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛י⁠ךָ וְ⁠לָ⁠לֶ֥כֶת בִּ⁠דְרָכָ֖י⁠ו כָּל־הַ⁠יָּמִ֑ים וְ⁠יָסַפְתָּ֨ לְ⁠ךָ֥ עוֹד֙ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ עָרִ֔ים עַ֖ל הַ⁠שָּׁלֹ֥שׁ הָ⁠אֵֽלֶּה 1 If it is more natural in your language to simplify the relationship between the hypothetical conditions, you could do so combining [verses 8-9](../19/08). See the UST for an example.
19:8 ge7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יַרְחִ֞יב יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ אֶת־גְּבֻ֣לְ⁠ךָ֔ 1 The implication is that Yahweh will enlarge the **borders** of Israel by enabling them to possess more land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God gives you more land”
19:8 d84s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לַ⁠אֲבֹתֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Moses is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “he has sworn to your fathers that he would do”
19:8 i4kn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠אֲבֹתֶ֑י⁠ךָ & לַ⁠אֲבֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Moses is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to your predecessors … to your predecessors”
19:9 ggn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָנֹכִ֣י מְצַוְּ⁠ךָ֮ 1 Moses is telling the Israelites the commands from Yahweh. Yahweh is the original source of the commands. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I am commanding you on behalf of Yahweh”
19:9 jg6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠לָ⁠לֶ֥כֶת בִּ⁠דְרָכָ֖י⁠ו 1 Here Moses is speaking of commandments as if they were **ways**, and he is saying that obeying commandments is like walking on those ways. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and to obey all his commandments”\n
19:9 te3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָּל־הַ⁠יָּמִ֑ים 1 Here, **all of the days** is an idiom that means “always.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “always”
19:9 pa3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠יָסַפְתָּ֨ לְ⁠ךָ֥ עוֹד֙ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ עָרִ֔ים עַ֖ל הַ⁠שָּׁלֹ֥שׁ הָ⁠אֵֽלֶּה 1 The implication is that the Israelites must choose **three more cities** of refuge in the part of the land that Yahweh will give them later. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “then you shall add three more cities for yourself in that additional land, besides these three cities”
19:10 t02o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לֹ֤א יִשָּׁפֵךְ֙ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֔י 1 The implication is that, if the Israelites cities for people who kill someone accidentally to flee to, then the avengers of blood will not be able to kill them. As a result, Israelites will keep innocent people from dying. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And you shall help prevent the spilling of innocent blood by choosing cities of refuge”
19:10 nw4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠לֹ֤א יִשָּׁפֵךְ֙ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֔י 1 Here, **spill blood** is an idiom that means “kill someone.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you shall not kill an innocent person”
19:10 lbjr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דָּמִֽים 1 Here, **bloodshed** represents the killing of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person’s death”
19:10 jrj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עָלֶ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Here, something being **upon** someone is an idiom that means “one’s responsibility.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your responsibility”
19:11-12 k0s0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical וְ⁠כִֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה אִישׁ֙ שֹׂנֵ֣א לְ⁠רֵעֵ֔⁠הוּ וְ⁠אָ֤רַב ל⁠וֹ֙ וְ⁠קָ֣ם עָלָ֔י⁠ו וְ⁠הִכָּ֥ה⁠וּ נֶ֖פֶשׁ וָ⁠מֵ֑ת וְ⁠נָ֕ס אֶל־אַחַ֖ת הֶ⁠עָרִ֥ים הָ⁠אֵֽל & וְ⁠שָֽׁלְחוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י עִיר֔⁠וֹ 1 Moses is describing a hypothetical situation in order to tell the Israelites what they should do if it takes place. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “In the case that there is a man who hates his neighbor and ambushes him and rises up against him and strikes him, and he dies, and he flees into one of these cities—then the elders of his city must send out”
19:11 vzh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠רֵעֵ֔⁠הוּ 1 Here, **neighbor** means “fellow community member.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “someone living in his community”
19:11 cd1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ל⁠וֹ֙ & עָלָ֔י⁠ו וְ⁠הִכָּ֥ה⁠וּ & וָ⁠מֵ֑ת 1 The pronouns **him** and **he** refer to the “neighbor.” If this is not clear for your readers, you could repeat the noun from earlier in the verse. Alternate translation: “his neighbor … against him and strikes him … and his neighbor dies”
19:11 zhj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠נָ֕ס 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the “man who hates his neighbor.” If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “and the killer flees”
19:11 k2et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠קָ֣ם עָלָ֔י⁠ו 1 Here, **rises up against** is an idiom that means “attacks.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and attacks him”
19:11 e73a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הִכָּ֥ה⁠וּ נֶ֖פֶשׁ 1 The implication is that the man murdered his neighbor. He harmed his neighbor to the point of taking his **life**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and kills him”
19:11 lywr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הִכָּ֥ה⁠וּ 1 Here, **strike** means “injure” or “harm.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he injures him”
19:12 y76n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠שָֽׁלְחוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י עִיר֔⁠וֹ 1 Moses is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “then the elders of his city shall send a representative out”
19:12 v4zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עִיר֔⁠וֹ & אֹת֖⁠וֹ & אֹת֗⁠וֹ & וָ⁠מֵֽת 1 The pronouns **him**, **he**, and **his** refer to the killer. If this is not clear for your readers, you could repeat the noun from earlier in the verse. Alternate translation: “the killer’s city … the killer … him … then the killer shall die”
19:12 dvxf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠שָּׁ֑ם 1 Here, **there** refers to the city of refuge that the killer fled to. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “from the city of refuge”
19:12 wm9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠נָתְנ֣וּ אֹת֗⁠וֹ בְּ⁠יַ֛ד גֹּאֵ֥ל הַ⁠דָּ֖ם 1 Here, **hand** represents control. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and hand him over to the redeemer of blood”
19:12 s6si rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָ⁠מֵֽת 1 The implication is that “the redeemer of blood” will execute the killer. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “then the redeemer of blood shall execute him”
19:13 nzj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹא־תָח֥וֹס עֵֽינְ⁠ךָ֖ עָלָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, **Your eye shall not pity him** is an idiom that means “do not feel sorry for him.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not let your heart soften towards him” or “Do not have compassion on him”
19:13 bf7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דַֽם 1 Here, **blood** represents the responsibility for a wrongful killing such as murder. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the guilt of murdering”
19:13 hp52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj הַ⁠נָּקִ֛י 1 Moses is using the adjective **innocent** as a noun to mean innocent people that have been murdered. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “innocent people”
19:14 il44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹ֤א תַסִּיג֙ גְּב֣וּל רֵֽעֲ⁠ךָ֔ 1 The implication is that someone would **displace the boundary** of their **neighbor** in order to take their neighbor’s land as their own. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “You must not take land away from your neighbor by displacing the borders of his land”\n
19:14 tpam rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy גְּב֣וּל 1 Here, **boundary** represents stones or other objects that people use to mark the boundary of their land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the boundary markers of”
19:14 q6cx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גָּבְל֖וּ רִאשֹׁנִ֑ים 1 The implication is that previous generations divided the land into portions and placed stones to mark the boundaries of each portion of land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “previous generations set the bounds”
19:14 ut9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo אֲשֶׁ֥ר גָּבְל֖וּ רִאשֹׁנִ֑ים 1 The expression **of which he first set the bounds** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “which he first set”
19:14 eo2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠נַחֲלָֽתְ⁠ךָ֙ 1 Here, **inheritance** refers to the specific portion of land that each family receives. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “in the portion of land”
19:14 pean rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בָּ⁠אָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔י⁠ךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְ⁠ךָ֖ לְ⁠רִשְׁתָּֽ⁠הּ 1 The expression **in the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you to possess it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “in the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you”
19:15 j3fr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹֽא־יָקוּם֩ עֵ֨ד & בְּ⁠אִ֗ישׁ 1 Here, **rise up against** is an idiom that means “bring up a case against.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “witness shall not bring a case against another man”
19:15 dme5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet לְ⁠כָל־עָוֺן֙ וּ⁠לְ⁠כָל־חַטָּ֔את בְּ⁠כָל־חֵ֖טְא אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶֽחֱטָ֑א 1 The terms **iniquity** and **sin** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “for any sin at all”
19:15 hv5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּ֣י & פִּ֥י 1 Here **mouth** represents the words that someone says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the testimony of … the testimony of”
19:15 immw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָק֥וּם דָּבָֽר 1 Here, **a matter may be raised** is an idiom that means “a case against someone may be brought.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a case may be brought against someone”
19:15 b9c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יָק֥וּם דָּבָֽר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “may a judge hear a case”
19:16-17 xylb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical כִּֽי־יָק֥וּם עֵד־חָמָ֖ס בְּ⁠אִ֑ישׁ לַ⁠עֲנ֥וֹת בּ֖⁠וֹ סָרָֽה & וְ⁠עָמְד֧וּ שְׁנֵֽי־הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־לָ⁠הֶ֥ם הָ⁠רִ֖יב 1 Moses is describing a hypothetical situation in order to tell the Israelites what they should do if it takes place. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “In the case that a false witness rises up against a man to testify falsehood against him, then the two men that have the controversy must stand”
19:16 ece2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֵד־חָמָ֖ס 1 The implication is that the **witness** is **false** because he is accusing someone of a sin that did not happen. The **false witness** is attempting to harm that person. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a false witness wants to cause trouble for someone and”
19:16 zqg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָק֥וּם & בְּ⁠אִ֑ישׁ 1 Here, **rise up against** is an idiom that means “bring up a case against.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “bring a case against a man”
19:16 eg4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit סָרָֽה 1 The implication is that “false witness” testifies a **falsehood** that the accused man committed a sin that deserves a punishment of death. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a false sin”
19:17 l9ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שְׁנֵֽי־הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־לָ⁠הֶ֥ם הָ⁠רִ֖יב 1 The implication is that the **two men** disagree about whether the accused man sinned or not. Thus, **the controversy** is about what really happened. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the accuser and the accused who disagree about what happened”
19:17 d8nf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠עָמְד֧וּ שְׁנֵֽי־הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־לָ⁠הֶ֥ם הָ⁠רִ֖יב 1 Here, **stand** means “present the case to the court and listen to their decision.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then the two men that have the controversy shall bring their case”
19:17 vwfz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י & לִ⁠פְנֵ֤י 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before … before”
19:17 zkvt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠שֹּׁ֣פְטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִהְי֖וּ 1 The implication is that there will be **judges** at the place of worship who will make decisions for all of Israel. The **judges** serve for a limited period of time, then other judges replaces them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and the judges who will be in office”
19:17 u1d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יִהְי֖וּ בַּ⁠יָּמִ֥ים הָ⁠הֵֽם 1 Moses is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply the implied words if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “will be serving at the place of worship in those days”
19:18 cr9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠דָרְשׁ֥וּ הַ⁠שֹּׁפְטִ֖ים הֵיטֵ֑ב 1 The implication is that **the judges** need to **thoroughly** investigate what truly happened. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And the judges must work very hard to determine what happened”
19:18 kgt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo וְ⁠הִנֵּ֤ה עֵֽד־שֶׁ֨קֶר֙ 1 This phrase is introducing a hypothetical condition. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “and if, behold, the witness is false”
19:18 arel rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָ⁠עֵ֔ד שֶׁ֖קֶר עָנָ֥ה בְ⁠אָחִֽי⁠ו 1
19:19 b5ya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠עֲשִׂ֣יתֶם ל֔⁠וֹ כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר זָמַ֖ם לַ⁠עֲשׂ֣וֹת לְ⁠אָחִ֑י⁠ו 1 The implication is that the false witness must receive the punishment for the sin that he had accused **his brother** of doing. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “then you must punish the false witness in the same way as he wanted you to punish the other man”
19:19 cias rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ל֔⁠וֹ & זָמַ֖ם & לְ⁠אָחִ֑י⁠ו 1 The pronouns **him**, **he**, and **his** refer to the witness who falsely testified against his **brother**. If this is not clear for your readers, you could repeat the phrase from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “to the false witness … he had planned … to his brother”
19:19 zzr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָ⁠רָ֖ע מִ⁠קִּרְבֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 Here Moses is speaking of **evil** as if it were a physical object one could **remove** from a community of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and do not allow evil to occur among you”
19:20 a23d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠נִּשְׁאָרִ֖ים 1 Here, **remnant** refers to the rest of the people. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Then everyone else”
19:20 iekj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יִשְׁמְע֣וּ וְ⁠יִרָ֑אוּ 1 Moses is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the chapter if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “will hear about the punishment and fear that they might also be punished”
19:20 f3xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וְ⁠לֹֽא־יֹסִ֨פוּ לַ⁠עֲשׂ֜וֹת ע֗וֹד כַּ⁠דָּבָ֥ר הָ⁠רָ֛ע הַ⁠זֶּ֖ה 1 The expression **and will not continue to do anymore as this evil thing among you** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “and will not do anymore this evil thing”
19:20 lv0h כַּ⁠דָּבָ֥ר הָ⁠רָ֛ע הַ⁠זֶּ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “such an evil thing as this”
19:21 z5fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠לֹ֥א תָח֖וֹס עֵינֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, **your eye shall not pity him** is an idiom that means “do not feel sorry for him.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And do not let your heart soften towards him” or “And do not have compassion on him”
19:21 nz4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֣פֶשׁ בְּ⁠נֶ֗פֶשׁ עַ֤יִן בְּ⁠עַ֨יִן֙ שֵׁ֣ן בְּ⁠שֵׁ֔ן יָ֥ד בְּ⁠יָ֖ד רֶ֥גֶל בְּ⁠רָֽגֶל 1 The implication is that the punishment for a sin must be as severe as the harm that the sinner caused. For example, if someone takes *a life** through murder, then they must lose their **life** through execution. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “someone who takes a life must lose their life, someone who gouges out an eye must lose their eye, someone who knocks out a tooth must lose a tooth, someone who cuts off a hand must lose a hand, and someone who cuts off a foot must lose a foot”
20:intro qq8m 0 # Deuteronomy 20 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s protection\nIsrael was not to worry about the power and strength of other nations. Instead, they were to trust in the power of Yahweh. He is the source of their military strength and protection. This is why a priest leads them into battle, rather than a military commander. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])\n\n### Holy war\n\nIsrael’s conquering of the Promised Land was unique in history. It was a type of holy war and had special rules. This war was really Yahweh’s punishment against the sin of the Canaanite people. If the people were not completely destroyed, they would cause Israel to sin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### “What man is there”\nThis phrase is used several times to introduce a rhetorical question. The questions are intended to tell the readers that Yahweh only wants soldiers who are completely dedicated to fighting for him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Excused from fighting\n\nIn ancient Israel, men were excused from fighting in battle for several different reasons. Some of these reasons are mentioned in this chapter. Apparently, needing to establish a new house, the need to harvest a field and cowardice were possible excuses. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:1 x89z 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
20:1 ei7a When you march out to battle against your enemies 0 Alternate translation: “When you go out to fight in a war against your enemies”

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