See in Reader
Merge Grant_Ailie-tc-create-1 into master by Grant_Ailie (#3704)
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3704 All Joshua TN’s through 6:13
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
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1:1 eka2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נ֔וּן 1 The word **Nun** is the name of Joshua’s father.
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1:2 le23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֲבֹ֜ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַזֶּ֗ה 1 Here, the phrase **cross over this Jordan** means “go to the opposite bank of the Jordan River.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan River”
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1:2 xugz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לָהֶ֖ם לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 The phrase **the sons of Israel** is used with the phrase **to them** to add emphasis. It is not making a distinction between **the sons of Israel** and the word **them**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine these two phrase into one phrase as modeled by the UST.
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1:2 o0hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the offspring of Israel” or “to the descendants of Israel”
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1:2 o0hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the descendants of Israel”
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1:2 ragw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Joshua is one of the **sons of Israel**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate explicitly that Joshua is included in this promise. Alternate translation: “to you and the rest of the sons of Israel” or “to you and all the descendants of Israel”
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1:3 t94e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְכֶ֛ם בּ֖וֹ 1 Yahweh is using **the sole of your foot** to represent the people of Israel themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Every place that you will tread upon”
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1:3 xjc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular רַגְלְכֶ֛ם…לָכֶ֣ם 1 Here, the words **your** and **you** are plural and refer to Joshua and all the other Israelite people.
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@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
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2:10 c6i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְסִיחֹ֣ן וּלְע֔וֹג 1 **Sihon** and **Og** are the names of men who were Amorite kings.
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2:11 qx6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔נוּ וְלֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּאִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם 1 The phrases **our hearts have melted** and **the spirit in a man no longer stands from your face** are both idioms that mean that the people who lived in Canaan were very afraid of the Israelites. If your readers would not understand this, you could use equivalent idioms or use plain language. Alternate translation: “and we are afraid and the people in the land are afraid of your presence”
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2:11 sdem rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔נוּ וְלֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּאִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם 1 The phrases **our hearts have melted** and **the spirit in a man no longer stands from your face** mean basically the same thing. Rahab says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, for emphasis. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “and we have become very afraid of you” or “and we have become very afraid of your presence”
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2:11 agqj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּאִ֖ישׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “in a person”
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2:11 agqj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּאִ֖ישׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Rahab is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “in a person”
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2:12 nmi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עָשִׂ֥יתִי עִמָּכֶ֖ם חָ֑סֶד וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֨ם גַּם־אַתֶּ֜ם עִם־בֵּ֤ית אָבִי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם לִ֖י א֥וֹת אֱמֶֽת 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **kindness** and **truth**, you could express the same ideas with adverbs or non-abstract nouns or in some other way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have acted kindly with you, swear to me that you also will act kindly toward the house of my father and give me a sure token that you will do this”
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2:12 iw4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֵּ֤ית אָבִי֙ 1 Rahab is speaking of her family as if they were her father’s **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning with a similar expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the household of my father” or “my family”
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2:13 m6i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns הִצַּלְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵ֖ינוּ מִמָּֽוֶת 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **death** and **lives**, you could express the same ideas with a verb or in some other way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And you will save us from being killed”
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@ -122,78 +122,105 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
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3:16 krqs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish יָ֧ם הָעֲרָבָ֛ה יָם־הַמֶּ֖לַח 1 The phrase **the sea of the Arabah** and the phrase **the Sea of Salt** refer to the same sea. The phrase **the sea of the Arabah** gives the location of the sea and the phrase **the Sea of Salt** gives the name of the sea. The phrase **the Sea of Salt** is not making a distinction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases clearer. Alternate translation: “the sea located near the Arabah, called the Sea of Salt.”
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3:16 smkr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תַּ֣מּוּ נִכְרָ֑תוּ 1 See how you translated the similar phrase in [3:13](../03/13.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh completely cut off” or “were completely stopped”
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3:15 mu2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וְהַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן מָלֵא֙ עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָ֔יו כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י קָצִֽיר 1 The author is providing this background information to emphasize the greatness of what Yahweh is about to do. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information.
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3:17 tg4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן 1 Here, the phrase **the Jordan** refers to the river bed of the **Jordan** River. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the river bed of the Jordan” or “the Jordan’s river bed”
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3:17 tg4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן 1 Here, the phrase **the Jordan** refers to the riverbed of the **Jordan** River. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the river bed of the Jordan” or “the Jordan’s river bed”
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4:intro eh7p 0 # Joshua 4 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God’s war\nThe conquering of the Promised Land was a special war. It was God’s war against the people of Canaan and Joshua recognized that they would only be victorious through Yahweh’s power. This is why their first act after crossing the Jordan River was to build an altar. This war was a witness to Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n### Crossing the Jordan River\n\nIn this chapter the words **crossing over** refer to going to the opposite bank of the Jordan River.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Chiasm\n\nHebrew poetry sometimes uses a literary a device called a “chiasm” (sometimes called “chiasmus”). A chiasm is when words or phrases are ordered in a AB-BA sequence. In [Joshua 4:7](../04/07.md) Joshua uses a chiasm. The ULT follows the Hebrew order and translates the part of this verse that contains a chiasm as “Because **the waters of the Jordan were cut off from the face of the Box of the Covenant of Yahweh** when **it crossed over in the Jordan**, **the waters of the Jordan were cut off**. (The repeated phrases are highlighted for the purpose of illustration). Notice that the identical phrase “the waters of the Jordan were cut off” is repeated and the phrase “it crossed over in the Jordan” refers to the same thing as the phrase “from the face of the Box of the Covenant of Yahweh” because the word “it” refers to “the Box of the Covenant of Yahweh.” These phrase are repeated in an AB-BA sequence: “the waters of the Jordan were cut off-from the face of the Box of the Covenant of Yahweh...it crossed over in the Jordan-the waters of the Jordan were cut off.”
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4:1 yem9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 Here, the phrase **the Jordan** refers to the river bed of the **Jordan** River, as it did in the previous verse. See how you translated the phrase *the Jordan** there. Alternate translation: “the river bed of the Jordan” or “the Jordan’s river bed”
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4:1 yem9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 Here, the phrase **the Jordan** refers to the riverbed of the **Jordan** River, as it did in the previous verse. See how you translated the phrase **the Jordan** there. Alternate translation: “the river bed of the Jordan” or “the Jordan’s river bed”
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4:3 g6yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְצַוּ֣וּ אוֹתָם֮ לֵאמֹר֒ שְׂאֽוּ־לָכֶ֨ם מִזֶּ֜ה מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן מִמַּצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים הָכִ֖ין שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֑ים וְהַעֲבַרְתֶּ֤ם אוֹתָם֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם וְהִנַּחְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם בַּמָּל֕וֹן אֲשֶׁר־תָּלִ֥ינוּ ב֖וֹ הַלָּֽיְלָה 1 If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “And command them to lift up for themselves 12 stones from the midst of the Jordan, from the firm standing place of the feet of the priests. And tell them to bring those stones over with them and shall leave them in the lodging place in which you will lodge tonight”
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4:3 cs2k מִמַּצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים הָכִ֖ין 1 Alternate translation: “from the place where the priests are standing right now”
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4:3 buys rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן 1 Here, the phrase **the Jordan** refers to the river bed of the **Jordan** River, as it did in [3:17](../03/17.md). See how you translated the phrase *the Jordan** there. Alternate translation: “the river bed of the Jordan” or “the Jordan’s river bed”
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4:3 buys rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן 1 Here, the phrase **the Jordan** refers to the riverbed of the **Jordan** River, as it did in [3:17](../03/17.md). See how you translated the phrase **the Jordan** there. Alternate translation: “the river bed of the Jordan” or “the Jordan’s river bed”
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4:4 tenj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיִּקְרָ֣א יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ אֶל־שְׁנֵ֤ים הֶֽעָשָׂר֙ אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵכִ֖ין מִבְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִישׁ־אֶחָ֥ד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֖ד מִשָּֽׁבֶט 1 The author assumes that his readers will know that **Joshua** obeyed Yahweh’s command to him in [4:2](../04/02.md) and chose 12 men. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly as modeled by the UST.
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4:4 r99r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִבְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 See how you translated the phrase **the sons of Israel** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
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4:4 a96j אִישׁ־אֶחָ֥ד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֖ד מִשָּֽׁבֶט 1 See how you translated the phrase **one man, one man from a tribe** in [4:2](../04/02.md).
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4:5 gldr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 Here, the phrase **the Jordan** refers to the river bed of the **Jordan** River, as it did in [3:17](../03/17.md). See how you translated the phrase *the Jordan** there. Alternate translation: “the river bed of the Jordan” or “the Jordan’s river bed”
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4:5 gldr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 Here, the phrase **the Jordan** refers to the riverbed of the **Jordan** River, as it did in [3:17](../03/17.md). See how you translated the phrase **the Jordan** there. Alternate translation: “the river bed of the Jordan” or “the Jordan’s river bed”
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4:5 giom rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 See how you translated the phrase **the sons of Israel** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
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4:6 v6tn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנֵיכֶ֤ם 1 Although the term **sons** is masculine, Joshua is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both male and female descendants. Alternate translation: “your children”
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4:7 bq5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַיַּרְדֵּן֙…נִכְרְת֖וּ מֵ֣י הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh cut off the waters of the Jordan…Yahweh cut off the waters of the Jordan”
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4:7 ku21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִפְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֔ה בְּעָבְרוֹ֙ בַּיַּרְדֵּ֔ן נִכְרְת֖וּ מֵ֣י הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 Here two ideas are presented and then they are further explained in reverse order. This is called a chiasm. Biblical Hebrew sometimes uses this literary device. If possible, try to follow this AB-BA sequence of presenting the information here. If it is not possible you can state the information one time and show the emphasis in another ways. See the chapter introduction for more information regarding chiasms. Alternate translation: “Because the waters of the Jordan were cut when the Box of the Covenant of Yahweh crossed over in the Jordan!”
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4:7 ww74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּעָבְרוֹ֙ 1 It is implied from the context that **the Box of the Covenant of Yahweh** was carried over **the Jordan** River by the Israelite priests and that it did not cross over on its own. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “when the priests carried it over”
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4:7 k8ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ 1 Here, the phrase **the Jordan** refers to the riverbed of the **Jordan** River, as it did in [3:17](../03/17.md). See how you translated the phrase **the Jordan** there. Alternate translation: “the river bed of the Jordan” or “the Jordan’s river bed”
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4:7 gx13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 See how you translated the phrase **the sons of Israel** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
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4:8 q4qp 0 # General Information:\n\nJoshua and Israel continue to do as Yahweh commanded.
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4:8 f69z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיִּשְׂא֡וּ שְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה אֲבָנִ֜ים מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן 1 This refers to the twelve men picking up stones from the middle of the Jordan River bed.
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4:9 igh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּשְׁתֵּ֧ים עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֗ים הֵקִ֣ים יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ 1 These were twelve additional stones, not the stones that the twelve men carried from the river bed.
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4:9 yb3y וַיִּ֣הְיוּ שָׁ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 This means the memorial was there to the day that the author was writing this book.
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4:10 reg9 הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ 1 This refers to the Jordan River.
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4:10 bl85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הָעָ֖ם 1 This refers to the nation of Israel.
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4:10 er8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַֽיַּעֲבֹֽרוּ 1 This means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from one side to the opposite side”
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4:11 vff8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם 1 This refers to being in front of the people or in the sight of all the people. Everyone saw the ark being carried by the priests.
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4:12 gp7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ֠יַּעַבְרוּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֜ד וַחֲצִ֨י שֵׁ֤בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁה֙ חֲמֻשִׁ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 These were the soldiers of the 3 tribes that were fulfilling their obligation to lead the Israelites into battle for settling on the East side of the Jordan River.
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4:14 cc5t כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יָרְא֥וּ 1 The word “they” refers to the people of Israel.
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4:15 m7sg 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh tells Joshua to have the priests exit the Jordan River.
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4:17 xw1x 0 # General Information:\n\nThe Author was making it clear that parting the Jordan River was no different than parting the Red Sea for the previous generation.
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4:18 m5z1 וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ מֵֽי־הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ לִמְקוֹמָ֔ם וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ כִתְמוֹל־שִׁלְשׁ֖וֹם עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָֽיו 1 The Jordan River was overflowing its banks and flooding the area before and after Israel passed through on dry land.
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4:19 bf72 עָלוּ֙ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן 1 This refers to when Israel crossed the Jordan River on dry ground.
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4:19 zy5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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4:20 s8s2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה הָֽאֲבָנִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 Each tribe was to take one stone from the Jordan River so Joshua could build a memorial of the crossing event.
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4:22 p6nk וְהוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם 1 It was for Israel to teach their children of God’s miracles so that they would honor Yahweh forever.
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4:24 qe29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־יַ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י חֲזָקָ֖ה הִ֑יא 1 This refers to the power of Yahweh being strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is mighty”
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4:9 igh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּשְׁתֵּ֧ים עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֗ים הֵקִ֣ים יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ 1 These were twelve additional stones, not the stones that the twelve men carried from the riverbed in [4:8](../04/08.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly as modeled by the UST which adds the word “other” to the phrase “large stones” in order to make it clear that these were a different set of **12 stones** than those carried from the riverbed in the previous verse.
|
||||
4:9 fumr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ 1 Here, the phrase **the Jordan** refers to the riverbed of the **Jordan** River, as it did in [3:17](../03/17.md). See how you translated the phrase **the Jordan** there. Alternate translation: “the river bed of the Jordan” or “the Jordan’s river bed”
|
||||
4:10 reg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ 1 Here, the phrase **the Jordan** refers to the riverbed of the **Jordan** River, as it did in [3:17](../03/17.md). See how you translated the phrase **the Jordan** there. Alternate translation: “the river bed of the Jordan” or “the Jordan’s river bed”
|
||||
4:11 vff8 וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר אֲרוֹן־יְהוָ֛ה\nוְהַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם 1 Alternate translation: “that the priests, who were carrying the Box of Yahweh, crossed the Jordan in front of the people”
|
||||
4:12 y1qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וַ֠יַּעַבְרוּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֜ד וַחֲצִ֨י שֵׁ֤בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁה֙ חֲמֻשִׁ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶֽׁה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could place the words **just as Moses had spoken to them** at the beginning of this verse instead of at the end because the words **as Moses had spoken to them** gives the reason for the result that the first part of this verse describes. Alternate translation: “Just as Moses had spoken to them, the sons of Reuben, and the sons of Gad, and the half of the tribe of Manasseh, armed men, crossed over before the face of the sons of Israel”
|
||||
4:12 gp7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֜ד…בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants” and the phrases **the sons of Reuben, and the sons of Gad** specifically refer to the male descendants of **Reuben** and **Gad** who were fighting age. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Reuben, and the descendants Gad…the descendants of Israel” or “the warriors from the tribe of Reuben, and the warriors from the tribe of Gad…the descendants of Israel”
|
||||
4:14 b6u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor גִּדַּ֤ל יְהוָה֙ אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ בְּעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “I will make you great in the eyes of all Israel” in [3:7](../03/07.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused the Israelite people to realize that he had made Joshua a great leader” or “Yahweh caused the Israelite people to greatly respect Joshua”
|
||||
4:18 m5z1 וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ מֵֽי־הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ לִמְקוֹמָ֔ם וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ כִתְמוֹל־שִׁלְשׁ֖וֹם עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָֽיו 1 Alternate translation: “then the waters of the Jordan returned to where they had been, and flooded over all its banks, as it had done four days ago”
|
||||
4:18 ba2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִתְּק֗וּ כַּפּוֹת֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים אֶ֖ל הֶחָרָבָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the priests lifted out the soles of their feet to dry ground”
|
||||
4:19 bf72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go עָלוּ֙ 1 Your language may say “went up” rather than **came up** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “went up”
|
||||
4:19 zy5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. You could convert the Hebrew day and month into an approximate date on the calendar that your culture uses. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will not be entirely accurate. So you may just want to give the number of the day and the name of the month on the Hebrew calendar, and say approximately what time of year that is on your calendar in a footnote. Suggested footnote: “The month of Aviv was in the March—April time of the year.” Alternate translation: “on the tenth day of the month of Aviv”
|
||||
4:21 m1tm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנֵיכֶ֤ם 1 Although the term **sons** is masculine, Joshua is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both male and female descendants. Alternate translation: “your children”
|
||||
4:21 flgy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes אֲשֶׁר֩ יִשְׁאָל֨וּן בְּנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֖ה הָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה 1 If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “When your sons ask their fathers in the future what the meaning of these stones are” or “In the future, when your sons ask their fathers what the meaning of these stone are”
|
||||
4:22 p6nk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם 1 Although the term **sons** is masculine, Joshua is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both male and female descendants. Alternate translation: “your children”
|
||||
4:22 gt6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְהוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם 1 Joshua is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “then you shall cause your sons to know the meaning of these stones” or “then you shall cause your sons to know why these stones are here”
|
||||
4:22 bwj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְהוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם לֵאמֹ֑ר בַּיַּבָּשָׁה֙ עָבַ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן הַזֶּֽה 1 If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “then you shall cause your sons to know by telling them that Israel crossed over this Jordan on dry ground” or “then you shall cause your sons to know by replying to them that Israel crossed over this Jordan on dry ground”
|
||||
4:24 aiev rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ֠מַעַן דַּ֜עַת כָּל־עַמֵּ֤י הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֶת־יַ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י חֲזָקָ֖ה הִ֑יא לְמַ֧עַן יְרָאתֶ֛ם אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים 1 In the previous verse Joshua states that Yahweh “dried up the the waters of the Jordan” and the waters of “the Sea of Reeds” for the Israelites. In this verse, each occurrence of the phrase **so that** introduces a purpose clause that gives one of the two purposes for which Yahweh dried up the Jordan River and the Sea of Reeds. Use a natural way in your language for introducing purpose clauses. Alternate translation: “in order that all the peoples of the earth may know the hand Yahweh, that it is mighty, and in order that you will fear Yahweh your God all the days”
|
||||
4:24 qe29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־יַ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י חֲזָקָ֖ה הִ֑יא 1 Here, **hand** represents the power and control that someone has. The expression **the hand of Yahweh, that it is mighty** means “the power of Yahweh is mighty.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. “Yahweh is mighty”
|
||||
4:24 glk7 לְמַ֧עַן יְרָאתֶ֛ם אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים 1 Alternate translation: “so that you will always give Yahweh your God the honor he deserves”
|
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4:24 s9y5 כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים 1 Alternate translation: “continually”
|
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5:intro dv8f 0 # Joshua 5 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Circumcision\n\nIt would have been very unusual to be circumcised in a time of war. When men are circumcised they are unable to move without pain or to defend themselves in battle for several days. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])\n\n### Manna\n\nYahweh stops providing manna in this chapter and will no longer provide them with their daily allotment of food. This does not mean Yahweh’s care and provision will stop.
|
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5:1 el1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear.
|
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5:1 q8mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם 1 Here “hearts” refers to their courage. They were so afraid that it was as if their courage melted away like wax in a fire. Alternate translation: “they lost all their courage” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
5:1 a2wh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ 1 Here “spirit” refers to their will to fight. Alternate translation: “they no longer had any will to fight”
|
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5:3 m1u7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיַּעַשׂ־ל֥וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וַיָּ֨מָל֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י 1 There were over 600,000 males, so it is understood that while Joshua was in charge of this task, many other people helped him. If this would confuse your readers, you may want to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “Joshua and the Israelites made themselves flint knives … they circumcised all the males”
|
||||
5:3 jin6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names גִּבְעַ֖ת הָעֲרָלֽוֹת 1 This is a place name which commemorates Israel rededicating themselves to Yahweh. It means “the hill of the foreskins.”
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5:4 i17c 0 # General Information:\n\nThe reason all the males of Israel had to be circumcised is explained.
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5:4 uz5p אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה 1 the men who were old enough to be soldiers
|
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5:6 k8wl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה 1 Here “voice” refers to the things that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “obey the things that Yahweh commanded them”
|
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5:6 jrp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ 1 God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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5:9 x1q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַיּ֗וֹם גַּלּ֛וֹתִי אֶת־חֶרְפַּ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֑ם 1 Their disgrace is spoken of as if it were a large stone that blocked their path. Here “rolled away” means “removed.” Alternate translation: “This day I have removed the disgrace of Egypt from you” or “You were disgraced when you were slaves in Egypt. But, today I have caused you to no longer be disgraced”
|
||||
5:10 tdl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בְּאַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֥וֹם לַחֹ֛דֶשׁ 1 This is near the end of March on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “the fourteenth day of the first month” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
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5:13 iyi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד 1 Here looking up is spoken of as if Joshua literally lifted his eyes in his hands. Alternate translation: “he looked up and saw that a man was standing”
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5:13 x26s וְהִנֵּה 1 The word “behold” alerts us to pay special attention to new information. Your language may have a way of doing this.
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5:13 kk45 וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ שְׁלוּפָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ 1 Here the words “he” and “his” refer to the man who was standing in front of Joshua.
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5:14 d8u1 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר 1 The word “he” refers to the man Joshua saw.
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5:14 ds5l לֹ֗א 1 This is the beginning of the man’s answer to Joshua’s question, “Are you for us or for our enemies?” This short answer could be clarified. Alternate translation: “I am neither for you nor for your enemies”
|
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5:14 r42a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיִּפֹּל֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֶל־פָּנָ֥יו אַ֨רְצָה֙ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ 1 This was an act of worship.
|
||||
5:15 ge5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction שַׁל־נַֽעַלְךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔ךָ 1 This was an act of reverence.
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5:1 wpev כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֡י אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן יָ֗מָּה וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֤י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַיָּ֔ם אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֨ישׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־מֵ֧י הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן מִפְּנֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עָבְרָ֑ם fn וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Alternate translation: “when all the Amorite kings who were on the other side of the Jordan toward the sea, and all the Canaanite kings who were beside the sea, heard that Yahweh had dried up the waters of the Jordan before the Israelites until they had finished crossing it, then their heart melted, and there was no longer a spirit in them because of the sons of Israel”
|
||||
5:1 el1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ 1 The phrase **their heart melted** and the phrase **there was no longer a spirit in them** have very similar meanings. The author says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to emphasize the intensity of the fear that these kings felt when they heard what Yahweh had done. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “then their heart melted” or “they became so afraid that they no longer had any courage to fight”
|
||||
5:1 iokv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ 1 The phrases **their heart melted** and **there was no longer a spirit in them** are both idioms. Here, **hearts** refers to courage.The **kings** were so afraid that it was as if their courage melted away like wax in a fire. Here, the word **spirit** refers to the **kings** will to fight. If your readers would not understand this, you could use equivalent idioms or use plain language. See how you translated “our hearts have melted and the spirit in a man no longer stands before your face” in [2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “then they became very afraid and no longer had the courage to fight” or “then they lost all their courage, an no longer had any will to fight”
|
||||
5:1 uwpn מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Here, the phrase **from the face of** means "because of." For more information on this phrase see the section in the book introduction that discusses it. Alternate translation: “because of the sons of Israel”
|
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5:2 nc87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים 1 **Flint** is a type of stone. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of stone, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “knives of sharpened stone” or “knives with blades made of stone”
|
||||
5:2 d7tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וְשׁ֛וּב מֹ֥ל אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֵׁנִֽית 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could indicate the meaning of this part of the verse without using an ordinal number. This section of the verse means that Yahweh wanted the current generation of male Israelites to be circumcised. The previous generation of male Israelites had been circumcised but they had died in the wilderness as [5:4](../05/04.md) states. The current generation of Israelite males had not yet been circumcised. Alternate translation: “and circumcise this generation of male Israelites” or “and again, circumcise the sons of Israel”
|
||||
5:3 m1u7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיַּעַשׂ־ל֥וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וַיָּ֨מָל֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 There were over 600,000 males, so it is understood that while Joshua was in charge of this task, many other people helped him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “So Joshua and the Israelites made themselves knives of flint. And they circumcised all the sons of Israel” or “So Joshua and the Israelites made themselves knives of flint. And they circumcised all the Israelite males”
|
||||
5:3 d0fw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים 1 See how you translated the phrase **knives of flint** in the previous verse.
|
||||
5:3 jin6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names גִּבְעַ֖ת הָעֲרָלֽוֹת 1 This is the name of a place which commemorates the Israelites rededicating themselves to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a place called ‘Hill of the Foreskins’”
|
||||
5:4 i17c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הַיֹּצֵא֩…בְּצֵאתָ֖ם 1 Your language may say “came” and “come” rather than **gone** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “who had came out…when they had come out”
|
||||
5:5 mhgs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הַיֹּֽצְאִ֑ים…בְּצֵאתָ֥ם 1 Your language may say “came” rather than **went** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “who came out…as they came out”
|
||||
5:5 b06g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מֻלִ֣ים הָי֔וּ כָּל־הָעָ֖ם הַיֹּֽצְאִ֑ים…לֹא־מָֽלוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone had circumcised each male who had left Egypt…were uncircumcised”
|
||||
5:5 u9fk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְכָל 1 What follows the word **but** here is in contrast to what precedes it. The information that the men who left Egypt **were circumcised** is in contrast to the men **who were born in the wilderness** who **had not been circumcised**. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast.
|
||||
5:5 mqv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָעָ֖ם…הָ֠עָם 1 In this verse the phrase **the people** means “the males.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the males…the males”
|
||||
5:6 e12p עַד־תֹּ֨ם כָּל־הַגּ֜וֹי אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הַיֹּצְאִ֣ים מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם 1 Alternate translation: “until all the Israelite men of war, who had gone out from Egypt, had died”
|
||||
5:6 qbbd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הַיֹּצְאִ֣ים 1 Your language may say “come” rather than **gone** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “who had come out”
|
||||
5:6 u9iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה 1 Here, the word **listened** means “obeyed.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “had not obeyed the voice of Yahweh”
|
||||
5:6 k8wl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה 1 The author is describing the things Yahweh spoke by association with his **voice**. If your readers would not understand this, you could use plain language as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “had not listened to the things Yahweh commanded them” or “had not listened to the things Yahweh told them”
|
||||
5:6 jre1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י ׀ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֗ה הָלְכ֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ בַּמִּדְבָּר֒ עַד־תֹּ֨ם כָּל־הַגּ֜וֹי אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הַיֹּצְאִ֣ים מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֤ע יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֞י הַרְאוֹתָ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨ע יְהוָ֤ה לַֽאֲבוֹתָם֙ לָ֣תֶת לָ֔נוּ אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ 1 Here, the word **because** introduces the reason (**they had not listened to Yahweh**) that **the sons of Israel walked in the wilderness 40 years**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of the information in this verse, since the phrase **they had not listened to Yahweh** gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because the sons of Israel had not listened to the voice of Yahweh, to whom Yahweh had sworn to not let them see the land that Yahweh had sworn to their fathers to give to us, a land flowing with milk and honey, they walked in the wilderness 40 years, until the finishing of all the nation of the men of war who had gone out from Egypt”
|
||||
5:6 mu8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לַֽאֲבוֹתָם֙ 1 Here, the word **fathers** refers to and includes both their actual fathers and their ancestors. God had made the promise to their ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and also to their actual fathers. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “to their fathers and ancestors”
|
||||
5:6 o55f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive לָ֔נוּ 1 When the author says **us**, he is including the Israelites he is addressing, so **us** would be inclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms.
|
||||
5:6 jrp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ 1 The phrase **a land flowing with milk and honey** is an idiom that means that the land was fertile and produced many natural resources and was therefore good for growing crops and harvesting things that it produced on its own. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “a fertile and rich land” or “a fertile land that produces many good things”
|
||||
5:7 p9pz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result בְּנֵיהֶם֙ הֵקִ֣ים תַּחְתָּ֔ם אֹתָ֖ם מָ֣ל יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כִּי־עֲרֵלִ֣ים הָי֔וּ כִּ֛י לֹא־מָ֥לוּ אוֹתָ֖ם בַּדָּֽרֶךְ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases so that the reason Joshua circumcised the Israelite males is placed first. Alternate translation: “he raised up their sons instead of them. They were uncircumcised because they had not circumcised them on the way, so Joshua circumcised them”
|
||||
5:8 gl0s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַגּ֖וֹי 1 Here, the phrase **the nation** refers specifically to the males from the **nation** of Israel. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Israelite males”
|
||||
5:9 x1q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַיּ֗וֹם גַּלּ֛וֹתִי אֶת־חֶרְפַּ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֑ם 1 The phrase **rolled away** is an idiom meaning “taken away.” If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “Today I have removed the disgrace of Egypt from on you” or “Today I have removed the disgrace of Egypt from on you”
|
||||
5:9 sgya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֶת־חֶרְפַּ֥ת 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the idea of **disgrace**, you could express the same idea with an adjective, as modeled by the UST, or in some other way that is natural in your language.
|
||||
5:10 tdl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בְּאַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֥וֹם לַחֹ֛דֶשׁ 1 Here, the phrase **the month** is referring to the Hebrew month Aviv. See the note on the phrase “the first month” in [4:19](../04/19.md). Alternate translation: “on the fourteenth day of the month of Aviv”
|
||||
5:11 g1ks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְקָל֑וּי 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, the context implies that “the Israelites” did it. Alternate translation: “and grain that they had roasted”
|
||||
5:12 ced7 וַיִּשְׁבֹּ֨ת הַמָּ֜ן מִֽמָּחֳרָ֗ת בְּאָכְלָם֙ מֵעֲב֣וּר הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה ע֛וֹד לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מָ֑ן 1 Alternate translation: “And the day after the sons of Israel ate from the yield of the land, the manna stopped”
|
||||
5:13 x26s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations וְהִנֵּה 1 The author is using the term **behold** to focus attention on what happens next in this story. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation.
|
||||
5:13 dztr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo אִישׁ֙ 1 Although the author uses the term **a man** here, the next verse explains that this being was “the leader of the army of Yahweh.” The being, referred to here as **a man**, was not a human but was either an angel of Yahweh sent to represent Yahweh, or Yahweh himself. The author uses the phrase “a man” because this what Joshua thought he was before he was told the beings identity in the next verse. Since the identity of the being is given in the next verse, you do not need to explain the meaning of the phrase **a man** here.
|
||||
5:14 ds5l לֹ֗א 1 Alternate translation: “I am neither for you nor for your enemies”
|
||||
5:14 r42a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיִּפֹּל֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֶל־פָּנָ֥יו אַ֨רְצָה֙ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ 1 In that culture, this action was an expression of reverence and/or worship. It was a way that a person showed great respect and reverence for someone else. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation.
|
||||
5:15 ge5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction שַׁל־נַֽעַלְךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔ךָ 1 In that culture, the action of taking of ones sandals expressed that the person who took off their sandals was showing great respect and reverence towards someone superior to them and acknowledging their willingness to obey them. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation.
|
||||
5:15 qu3d rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result שַׁל־נַֽעַלְךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔ךָ כִּ֣י הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֛ה עֹמֵ֥ד עָלָ֖יו קֹ֣דֶשׁ ה֑וּא 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because the place on which you are standing is holy, you must slip off your sandal from your foot.”
|
||||
6:intro uie9 0 # Joshua 6 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh conquers\n\nIt was God, not the army, who gave them victory. It is said, “Shout! For Yahweh has given you the city.” The circumstances of Israel’s victory in the battle for Jericho were very unusual. It was never common to march around a city or to shout in order to win a military battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
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6:1 gbz8 וִֽירִיחוֹ֙ 1 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells us why the gates of Jericho are closed and locked up.
|
||||
6:2 j65i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֣תִּי בְיָֽדְךָ֔ אֶת־יְרִיח֖וֹ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֑הּ גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י הֶחָֽיִל 1 Yahweh is telling Joshua that he will certainly do this by saying that he has already done it.
|
||||
6:2 v4hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְיָֽדְךָ֔ 1 The word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “so that you can control it”
|
||||
6:3 fu9e Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nGod continues telling Joshua what the people must do.
|
||||
6:3 eik2 כֹּ֥ה תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 Alternate translation: “You must do this once each day for six days”
|
||||
6:4 b6ml וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹהֲנִ֡ים יִשְׂאוּ֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֤וֹת הַיּֽוֹבְלִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הָאָר֔וֹן 1 The seven priests are to march in front of other priests who are carrying the ark and marching around the city.
|
||||
6:5 zdc7 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nGod continues telling Joshua what the people must do.
|
||||
6:5 d5rg בִּמְשֹׁ֣ךְ׀ בְּקֶ֣רֶן הַיּוֹבֵ֗ל 1 The word “they” refers to the seven priests. The “ram’s horn” and “trumpet” refer to the trumpets of rams’ horns that the priests were blowing in [Joshua 6:4](../06/04.md).
|
||||
6:5 g97v חוֹמַ֤ת הָעִיר֙ 1 Alternate translation: “the outer wall of the city” or “the wall surrounding the city”
|
||||
6:6 h9cn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נוּן֙ 1 This is Joshua’s father.
|
||||
6:6 s5ne שְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית 1 Alternate translation: “Pick up the ark of the covenant”
|
||||
6:8 l35d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 This could mean: (1) “in obedience to Yahweh” or (2) “in front of Yahweh’s ark”
|
||||
6:8 vk7j וְתָקְע֖וּ בַּשּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת 1 Alternate translation: “they sounded the trumpets loudly” or “the priests blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
|
||||
6:8 ayf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַֽאֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם 1 It can be stated clearly that there were people carrying the ark. Alternate translation: “The priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them”
|
||||
6:10 ls5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְלֹֽא־תַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶת־קוֹלְכֶ֔ם וְלֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִפִּיכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר 1 Sound leaving someone’s mouth refers to that person’s speaking or shouting. Alternate translation: “Do not yell or speak”
|
||||
6:10 tw9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events וְאֶת־הָעָם֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ 1 Joshua had commanded the people before they started walking around the city. Alternate translation: “Joshua had commanded the people”
|
||||
6:13 k64v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים & שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֜וֹת 1 “7 priests … 7 trumpets”
|
||||
6:13 ai87 וְתָקְע֖וּ בַּשּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת 1 This means that they blew into their trumpets, causing them to make loud noises, multiple times. Alternate translation: “continually sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets continually”
|
||||
6:1 gbz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וִֽירִיחוֹ֙ סֹגֶ֣רֶת וּמְסֻגֶּ֔רֶת מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֥ין יוֹצֵ֖א וְאֵ֥ין בָּֽא 1 This entire verse is background information. The author provides this background information about **the city of Jericho** to help readers understand Yahweh’s instructions to Joshua regarding conquering Jericho. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information
|
||||
6:1 aozr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וִֽירִיחוֹ֙ סֹגֶ֣רֶת וּמְסֻגֶּ֔רֶת 1 The phrase **was shutting and was shut up** is an idiom meaning the gates of the city were tightly shut. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “Now the gates of Jericho were tightly shut”
|
||||
6:1 jq71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וִֽירִיחוֹ֙ סֹגֶ֣רֶת וּמְסֻגֶּ֔רֶת מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, the context implies that people from the city of Jericho did it. Alternate translation: “And men from the city of Jericho shut it up from the face of the sons of Israel” or “And men from the city of Jericho shut up its gates from the face of the sons of Israel”
|
||||
6:1 qfoa מִפְּנֵ֖י 1 Here, the phrase **from the face of** means "because of." For more information on this phrase see the section in the book introduction that discusses it. Alternate translation: “because of”
|
||||
6:2 j65i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֣תִּי בְיָֽדְךָ֔ אֶת־יְרִיח֖וֹ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֑הּ גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י הֶחָֽיִל 1 Yahweh is using the past tense in order to refer to something that he will do in the future. He is doing this to show that the event will certainly happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the future tense. Alternate translation: “I will give Jericho into your hand, and its king, the mighty ones of the army” or “I will certainly give Jericho into your hand, and its king, the mighty ones of the army”
|
||||
6:2 v4hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom נָתַ֣תִּי בְיָֽדְךָ֔ אֶת־יְרִיח֖וֹ 1 The phrase **into your hand** is an idiom meaning “has delivered to your control.” See how you translated the phrase “into our hand” in [2:24](../02/24.md). Alternate translation: “I have delivered Jericho to your control” or “I have allowed you to conquer Jericho”\n\n
|
||||
6:2 djup rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י הֶחָֽיִל 1 The author is leaving out a word that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply the word from the context. Alternate translation: “and the mighty men of valor”
|
||||
6:2 km13 גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י הֶחָֽיִל 1 See how you translated the identical phrase in [1:14](../01/14.md).
|
||||
6:3 fu9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַקֵּ֥יף אֶת־הָעִ֖יר פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת 1 The context implies that they were to walk **around the city one time** each day. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “going around the city one time each day”
|
||||
6:5 oe7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָעָ֖ם…הָעָ֖ם 1 In this verse, the phrase **the people** refers to Joshua and the Israelite soldiers. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the soldiers…the soldiers”
|
||||
6:5 zdc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְעָל֥וּ הָעָ֖ם 1 Here, the phrase **go up** refers to walking or climbing up over the collapsed pieces of the city walls. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and the people will walk up over the rubble from the city walls” or “and the people will climb up over the collapsed city walls”
|
||||
6:5 ukux אִ֥ישׁ נֶגְדּֽוֹ 1 Alternate translation: “every man going straight in front of him”
|
||||
6:6 h9cn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נוּן֙ 1 See how you translated the name **Nun** in [1:1](../01/01.md).
|
||||
6:7 jf9o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עִבְר֖וּ…יַעֲבֹ֕ר 1 The phrase **pass over** is an idiom that indicates walking or moving forward. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “Start walking…will walk”
|
||||
6:8 y78m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עָבְר֕וּ 1 See how you translated this idiom in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “went forward” or “advanced”
|
||||
6:8 l35d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 Here, the author is describing **the Box of the Covenant of Yahweh** by association with **Yahweh**. The author associates **Yahweh** with **the Box of the Covenant of Yahweh** because **the Box of the Covenant of Yahweh** represents Yahweh’s presence with the people of Israel. If your readers would not understand this, you could use plain language. Alternate translation: “in front of the Box of the Covenant” or “before the face of Yahweh’s Box of the Covenant”
|
||||
6:8 ayf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַֽאֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם 1 Four priests were carrying **the Box of the Covenant of Yahweh**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “And the priests were carrying the Box of the Covenant of Yahweh behind them”
|
||||
6:9 gch6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַחֲרֵ֣י הָאָר֔וֹן 1 Here, it is implied that four priests were carrying **the Box**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “behind the four priests who were carrying the Box” or “behind the Box which was being carried by four priests”
|
||||
6:10 v7ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָעָם֩ 1 Here, the phrase **the people** refers to the Israelite soldiers and priests. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Israelite soldiers and priests”
|
||||
6:10 ar1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לֹ֤א תָרִ֨יעוּ֙ וְלֹֽא־תַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶת־קוֹלְכֶ֔ם וְלֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִפִּיכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר עַ֠ד י֣וֹם אָמְרִ֧י אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם 1 The phrase **You shall not shout** and the phrase **You shall not make your voice heard** and the phrase **a word shall not go out from your mouth** mean very similar things. Joshua says the same thing three times, in slightly different ways, to emphasize to the Israelite soldiers and priests that they must remain silent until Joshua gives them the command to **shout**. If saying similar things three different times might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one and show the emphasis another way. Alternate translation: “You must remain totally quiet until I say to you” or “You must remain completely silent until I tell you”
|
||||
6:10 tc4f וְלֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִפִּיכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר 1 Alternate translation: “and you shall not say anything”
|
||||
6:11 xxfc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential וַיַּסֵּ֤ב 1 Here, the word **And** introduces what happens next as a result of Joshua’s command in the previous verse. You can make this clear in your translation with an appropriate connecting word or phrase.
|
||||
6:11 hf4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיַּסֵּ֤ב אֲרוֹן־יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר 1 Here, the word **he** refers to Joshua. It is implied that Joshua did not carry the **Box of Yahweh** around Jericho himself but rather instructed the priests do it. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “And the priests brought the box of Yahweh around the city”
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6:13 lxf4 וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים נֹשְׂאִים֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֜וֹת הַיֹּבְלִ֗ים 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “the seven priests carrying seven horns of rams” in [6:8](../06/06.md).
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6:13 wjy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis הָל֖וֹךְ וְתָק֥וֹעַ בַּשּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “while the priests were continually blowing with the horns”
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6:14 j232 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשֵּׁנִי֙ 1 the next day
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6:14 r4j1 כֹּ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ 1 Israel marched around Jericho once every day.
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6:14 p14u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 “6 days”
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@ -914,3 +941,11 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
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24:32 ve2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers בְּמֵאָ֣ה קְשִׂיטָ֑ה 1 “100 pieces”
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24:33 ur16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְאֶלְעָזָ֥ר 1 This is a man’s name.
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24:33 rv7j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּגִבְעַת֙ 1 This is the name of a place.
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4:8 q4qp לְמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 See how you translated the identical phrase “according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Israel” in [4:5](../04/05.md).
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4:8 z2cj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן 1 Here, the phrase **the Jordan** refers to the riverbed of the **Jordan** River, as it did in [3:17](../03/17.md). See how you translated the phrase **the Jordan** there. Alternate translation: “the river bed of the Jordan” or “the Jordan’s river bed”
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4:20 s8s2 וְאֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה הָֽאֲבָנִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 Each tribe was to take one stone from the Jordan River so Joshua could build a memorial of the crossing event.
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5:1 q8mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם Here “hearts” refers to their courage. They were so afraid that it was as if their courage melted away like wax in a fire. Alternate translation: “they lost all their courage” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:1 a2wh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ Here “spirit” refers to their will to fight. Alternate translation: “they no longer had any will to fight”
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5:4 uz5p 1 the men who were old enough to be soldiers
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5:13 iyi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד Here looking up is spoken of as if Joshua literally lifted his eyes in his hands. Alternate translation: “he looked up and saw that a man was standing”
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6:6 s5ne 1 Alternate translation: “Pick up the ark of the covenant”
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Reference in New Issue