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@ -1405,190 +1405,189 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene
20:30 t577 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship Υἱὸς Δαυείδ 1 The blind men are using the term **Son** to mean Descendent. This is a title for the Messiah. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Descendent of King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20:33 yb39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Κύριε, ἵνα ἀνοιγῶσιν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἡμῶν.\n 1 Here, the word **opened** means made able to see. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Lord, that we might see with our eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:33 xdgl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἵνα ἀνοιγῶσιν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἡμῶν 1 The blind men are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “we desire that our eyes might be opened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
21:intro ni1x 0 # Matthew 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 21:5,16 and 42, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The donkey and the colt\n\nJesus rode into Jerusalem on an animal. In this way he was like a king who came into a city after he had won an important battle. Also, the kings of Israel in the Old Testament rode on a donkeys. Other kings rode on horses. So Jesus was showing that he was the king of Israel and that he was not like other kings.\n\nMatthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew and Mark wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. John wrote that Jesus found a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULT without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 21:1-7](../mat/21/01.md) and [Mark 11:1-7](../mrk/11/01.md) and [Luke 19:29-36](../luk/19/29.md) and [John 12:14-15](../jhn/12/14.md))\n\n### Hosanna\n\nThis is what the people shouted to welcome Jesus into Jerusalem. This word meant “Save us,” but people used it to praise God.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “The kingdom of God will be taken away from you”\n\nNo one knows for sure what this phrase means. No one knows if Jesus meant that God would someday give the kingdom back or not.
21:intro ni1x 0 # Matthew 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 21:5,16 and 42, which is quoted from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The donkey and the colt\n\nJesus rode into Jerusalem on an animal. In this way he was like a king who came into a city after he had won an important battle. Also, the kings of Israel in the Old Testament rode on a donkeys. Other kings rode on horses. So Jesus was showing that he was the king of Israel and that he was not like other kings.\n\nMatthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew and Mark wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. John wrote that Jesus found a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there was both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULT without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 21:1-7](../mat/21/01.md) and [Mark 11:1-7](../mrk/11/01.md) and [Luke 19:29-36](../luk/19/29.md) and [John 12:14-15](../jhn/12/14.md))\n\n### Hosanna\n\nThis is what the people shouted to welcome Jesus into Jerusalem. This word meant “Save us,” but people used it to praise God.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “The kingdom of God will be taken away from you”\n\nNo one knows for sure what this phrase means. No one knows if Jesus meant that God would someday give the kingdom back or not.
21:1 f8fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent ὅτε 1 Matthew is using the word translated **when** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
21:1 p3g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Βηθφαγὴ 1 **Bethphage** was a village near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:2 wen2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὄνον δεδεμένην 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a donkey which a person tied up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:2 pq2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δεδεμένην 1 You can make explicit how the donkey is **tied up**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “tied up to a post” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:2 ure7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πῶλον 1 Here, **a colt** is male donkey. Your language and culture may have a term for this that you can use in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
21:3 o47q rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ τι, ἐρεῖτε, ὅτι ὁ Κύριος αὐτῶν χρείαν ἔχει 1 Jesus is describing a hypothetical situation in order to tell his disciples what they should do if it takes place. Alternate translation: “suppose someone says anything to you. Then you should say ‘the Lord has need of them’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
21:1 p3g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Βηθφαγὴ 1 **Bethphage** is the name of a village that was near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:1 ID rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names τὸ Ὄρος τῶν Ἐλαιῶν 1 The **Mount of Olives** is the name of a mountain near the city of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:2 wen2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὄνον δεδεμένην 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a donkey that a person has tied up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:2 pq2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δεδεμένην 1 The donkey was **tied up** to a wooden post in the ground. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “tied up to a post” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:2 ure7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πῶλον 1 Here, **a colt** is a young donkey. Your language and culture may have a term for this that you can use in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
21:3 o47q rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical καὶ ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ τι, ἐρεῖτε, ὅτι ὁ Κύριος αὐτῶν χρείαν ἔχει 1 Jesus is describing a hypothetical situation in order to tell his disciples what they should do if it takes place. Alternate translation: “Now suppose someone says something to you. Then you should say, ‘The Lord has need of them’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
21:3 qwvf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἐρεῖτε, ὅτι ὁ Κύριος αὐτῶν χρείαν ἔχει 1 If your language would not use a second direct quotation inside a first direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “you should say that the Lord has need of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
21:3 ID rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness ὁ Κύριος 1 The disciples are to refer to Jesus by a respectful title. Use a form for addressing someone respectfully in your language. Alternate translation: “the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness]])
21:4 n979 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ τοῦ προφήτου 1 See how you translated a similar phrase in [4:14](../04/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:4 x3up rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διὰ τοῦ προφήτου 1 Here, the **prophet** that Matthew is speaking about is Zechariah. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “through the prophet Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:4 inek rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντος 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and this is what he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
21:5 whn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῇ θυγατρὶ Σιών 1 The prophet is using the phrase **daughter of Zion** to mean the people who live in the city of Jerusalem. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people who live in the city of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:5 e9pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πῶλον 1 The term colt refers to a young donkey. If your readers would not be familiar with what a donkey is, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a young donkey” or “a young riding animal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
21:4 x3up rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διὰ τοῦ προφήτου 1 Here, the **prophet** whom Matthew is speaking about is Zechariah. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “through the prophet Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:4 inek rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντος 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and this is what he said:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
21:5 whn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῇ θυγατρὶ Σιών 1 The prophet is using the phrase **daughter of Zion** to mean the people who live in the city of Jerusalem. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people who live in the city of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:5 e9pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πῶλον 1 See how you translated **colt** in [21:2](../21/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
21:5 fx3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐπὶ πῶλον, υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου 1 Here, the **colt** and the **foal of a beast of burden** are referring to the same animal. The second phrase is describing more about the **colt**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “on a colt, which is a foal of a beast of burden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:5 a6qa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου 1 Here, a **foal** is the offspring of donkey. A **beast of burden** is an animal that pulls heavy objects and works. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the offspring of a large working animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:7 y6en rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὰ ἱμάτια 1 See how you translated **cloak** in [9:20](../09/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
21:5 a6qa rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου 1 Here, a **foal** is the offspring of donkey. A **beast of burden** is an animal that pulls heavy objects and works. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the offspring of a large working animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
21:7 y6en rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὰ ἱμάτια 1 See how you translated “cloak” in [9:20](../09/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
21:8 t29s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ὄχλος ἔστρωσαν ἑαυτῶν τὰ ἱμάτια ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ; ἄλλοι δὲ ἔκοπτον κλάδους ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων, καὶ ἐστρώννυον ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ 1 The crowd did these things, which are usually done for a king, to show honor to Jesus. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
21:9 ky4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate ὡσαννὰ & ὡσαννὰ 1 **Hosanna** is a word borrowed from Hebrew. You will need to decide if you will also borrow this word into your language or if you will translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. If you borrow the word, you can spell it the way it sounds in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. Alternative translation: “Praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
21:9 ysb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ 1 See how you translated **Son of David** in [20:30](../020/30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:9 q52t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 The people are using the term **in the name of the Lord** to mean one who comes representing God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who represents God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:9 ky4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate ὡσαννὰ & ὡσαννὰ 1 **Hosanna** is a word borrowed from Hebrew. You will need to decide if you will also borrow this word into your language or if you will translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. If you borrow the word, you can spell it the way it sounds in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. Alternative translation: “Praise … Praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
21:9 ysb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ 1 See how you translated **Son of David** in [20:30](../20/30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:9 q52t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 The people are using the term **in the name of the Lord** to mean one who comes representing God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “representing God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:9 g73z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὡσαννὰ ἐν τοῖς ὑψίστοις 1 The people are using the phrase **in the highest places** to refer to God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Hosanna to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:10 ID rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐσείσθη πᾶσα ἡ πόλις λέγουσα 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this stirred the whole city, and its people said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:10 cb4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐσείσθη πᾶσα ἡ πόλις 1 Matthew is using the term **city** to mean the people who live in that city. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people who lived in the city were stirred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:11 nqb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession Ναζαρὲθ τῆς Γαλιλαίας 1 Here, the possessive form tells the reader that **Nazareth** is a town in the region of **Galilee**. Alternate translation: “text” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
21:11 nqb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession Ναζαρὲθ τῆς Γαλιλαίας 1 Here, the possessive form tells the reader that **Nazareth** is a town in the region of **Galilee**. Alternate translation: “Nazareth, which is in Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
21:12 y9j4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰσῆλθεν Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὸ ἱερόν 1 Jesus did not enter the actual **temple**. He entered the courtyard around the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus entered the courtyard around the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:12 w7ac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοὺς πωλοῦντας καὶ ἀγοράζοντας 1 Merchants were **selling** animals and other items that travelers bought to offer the proper sacrifices at the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the one buying and selling things for temple sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:13 kp7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 If your readers might not understand the phrase **it is written**, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has done the action. Alternate translation: “God said in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:13 q41c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ὁ οἶκός μου οἶκος προσευχῆς κληθήσεται; ὑμεῖς δὲ αὐτὸν ποιεῖτε σπήλαιον λῃστῶν 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “It has been written that his temple would be a place of prayer, but you have made it a den of robbers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
21:13 m1jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “The prophets wrote long ago” or “God said long ago” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:12 w7ac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοὺς πωλοῦντας καὶ ἀγοράζοντας 1 Merchants were **selling** animals and other items so that travelers could buy them and offer the proper sacrifices at the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the one buying and selling things for temple sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:13 kp7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: “God said in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:13 q41c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes γέγραπται ὁ οἶκός μου οἶκος προσευχῆς κληθήσεται; ὑμεῖς δὲ αὐτὸν ποιεῖτε σπήλαιον λῃστῶν 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “It has been written that God’s temple would be called a place of prayer, but you have made it a den of robbers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
21:13 z8gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁ οἶκός μου & κληθήσεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “People will call my house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:13 n9v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁ οἶκός μου 1 God, speaking through the prophet Isaiah, refers to his temple as his house because his presence is there. Alternate translation: “My temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:13 bd8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom οἶκος προσευχῆς 1 God, speaking through the prophet Isaiah, refers to a place where people would pray as a house of prayer. Alternate translation: “a place where people can pray to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:13 n9v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁ οἶκός μου 1 God, speaking through the prophet Isaiah, refers to his temple as his house because his presence is there. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “My temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:13 bd8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οἶκος προσευχῆς 1 God, speaking through the prophet Isaiah, refers to a place where people would pray as **a house of prayer**. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a place where people can pray to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:13 c7l3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor σπήλαιον λῃστῶν 1 God, speaking through the prophet Jeremiah, refers to a place where thieves would gather to hide and plot their crimes as if it were a wild animal’s den or lair. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning in plain language. Alternate translation: “a place where thieves gather” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:14 rpp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τυφλοὶ καὶ χωλοὶ 1 Matthew is using the adjectives **the blind and the lame** as nouns to mean people who are blind and lame. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who were blind and lame came to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:14 ID rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τυφλοὶ καὶ χωλοὶ 1 Matthew is using the adjectives **blind** and **lame** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “people who were blind and people who were lame” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:14 aku3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown χωλοὶ 1 See how you translated **lame** in [11:5](../11/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
21:15 hft8 τὰ θαυμάσια 1 This phrase refers to Jesus healing the blind and lame people in [21:14](../21/14.md). Alternate translation: “the wonderful things” or “the miracles”
21:15 fqr9 ὡσαννὰ 1 See how you translated **hosanna*** in [21:9](../21/09.md).
21:15 c6k8 τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ 1 Jesus was not David’s literal son, so this may be translated as “descendant of king David.” However, “Son of David” is also a title for the Messiah, and the children were probably calling Jesus by this title. See how you translated this in [21:9](../21/09.md).
21:15 hft8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰ θαυμάσια 1 This phrase refers implicitly to Jesus healing the blind and lame people in [21:14](../21/14.md). Alternate translation: “the miracles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:15 fqr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate ὡσαννὰ 1 See how you translated **Hosanna*** in [21:9](../21/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
21:15 c6k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ 1 Jesus was not David’s literal son, so this may be translated as “descendant of king David.” However, “Son of David” is also a title for the Messiah, and the children were probably calling Jesus by this title. See how you translated this in [21:9](../21/09.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:15 r3bs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἠγανάκτησαν 1 It is implied that they were **very angry** because they did not believe Jesus was the Christ and they did not want other people praising him. Alternate translation: “they became very angry because people were praising him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:16 p7x2 ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον 1 In verse 16, Jesus quotes from the Psalms to justify how the people had responded to him.
21:16 zx4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἀκούεις τί οὗτοι λέγουσιν? 1 The chief priests and scribes ask this question to rebuke Jesus because they are angry with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not allow them to say these things about you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:16 luy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε, ὅτι ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον? 1 Jesus asks this question to remind the chief priests and scribes of what they had studied in the scriptures. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I hear them, but you should remember what you read in the scriptures, ‘From the mouths of little children and nursing infants you have prepared praise’?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:16 qa9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον 1 **From the mouths** refers to speaking. Alternate translation: “You caused little children and nursing infants to prepare to give praise to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:16 jgu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε, ὅτι ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Have you not read that from the mouths of infants and young children I will prepare praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
21:17 kag5 καταλιπὼν αὐτοὺς 1 Alternate translation: “after Jesus left the chief priests and scribes”
21:18 q488 δὲ 1 Th word **when** is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew explains that Jesus is hungry and that is why he stops at the fig tree.
21:19 l3bi Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJesus uses a fig tree to teach his disciples about faith and prayer.
21:19 h2la ἐξηράνθη 1 Alternate translation: “died and dried up”
21:20 q81g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πῶς παραχρῆμα ἐξηράνθη ἡ συκῆ? 1 The disciples use a question to emphasize how surprised they are. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are astonished that the fig tree has dried up so quickly!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:20 sk1g ἐξηράνθη 1 Alternate translation: “did … dry up and die”
21:21 nd3y ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. Alternate translation: “I tell you the truth”
21:21 mwl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν καὶ μὴ διακριθῆτε 1 Jesus expresses the same idea both positively and negatively to emphasize that this faith must be genuine. Alternate translation: “if you truly believe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
21:21 jf9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations κἂν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ εἴπητε, ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, 1 You can translate this direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “you will even be able to tell this mountain to be taken up and be thrown into the sea,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
21:21 erml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive κἂν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ εἴπητε, ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, 1 You can translate this direct quotation as an indirect quotation. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you will even be able to tell this mountain to get up and throw itself into the sea,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:23 yi7j Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis begins the account of the religious leaders questioning Jesus’ authority.
21:23 uge9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθόντος αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 It is implied that Jesus did not enter the actual **temple**. He entered the courtyard around the temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:23 s1w6 ταῦτα 1 Here, **these things** refers to Jesus teaching and healing in the temple. It probably also refers to Jesus driving out the buyers and sellers the previous day.
21:25 k1a7 πόθεν ἦν? 1 Alternate translation: “where did he get the authority to do that?”
21:25 vvt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἐὰν εἴπωμεν, ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐρεῖ ἡμῖν, διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ? 1 This has quotes within a quote. You could translate the direct quotations as an indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “If we say that we believe John received his authority from heaven, then Jesus will ask us why we did not believe John.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
21:25 xx3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐξ οὐρανοῦ 1 Here, **heaven** refers to God. Alternate translation: “from God in heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:25 jmg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ? 1 The religious leaders know that Jesus could scold them with this rhetorical question. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Then you should have believed John the Baptist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:26 zxn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἐὰν δὲ εἴπωμεν, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, 1 This is a quote within a quote. You could translate the direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But if we say that we believe John received his authority from men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
21:26 vn6j φοβούμεθα τὸν ὄχλον 1 Alternate translation: “we fear what the crowd would think or even do to us”
21:26 q1r1 πάντες & ὡς προφήτην ἔχουσιν τὸν Ἰωάννην 1 Alternate translation: “they believe John is a prophet”
21:28 u56n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJesus tells a parable about two sons to rebuke the religious leaders and to illustrate their unbelief. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
21:28 iem2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί δὲ ὑμῖν δοκεῖ? 1 Jesus uses a question to challenge the religious leaders to think deeply about the parable he will tell them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me what you think about what I am about to tell you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:29 b96z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor μεταμεληθεὶς 1 This refers to the son reconsidering his thoughts and deciding to act differently from how he had said he would act. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:31 hl72 λέγουσιν 1 Alternate translation: “The chief priests and elders said”
21:31 au13 λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 Alternate translation: “Jesus said to the chief priests and elders”
21:31 er5s ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. Alternate translation: “I tell you the truth”
21:31 ec9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οἱ τελῶναι καὶ αἱ πόρναι προάγουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ 1 Here, **kingdom of God** refers to God’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “when God establishes his rule on earth, he will agree to bless the tax collectors and prostitutes by ruling over them before he agrees to do that for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:31 pd34 προάγουσιν ὑμᾶς 1 This could mean: (1) God will accept the tax collectors and prostitutes sooner than he will accept the Jewish religious leaders. (2) God will accept the tax collectors and prostitutes instead of the Jewish religious leaders.
21:32 a8z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you ἦλθεν & Ἰωάννης πρὸς ὑμᾶς 1 Here, **you** is plural and refers to all the people of Israel not just the religious leaders. Alternate translation: “John came to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
21:32 n2ve rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν ὁδῷ δικαιοσύνης 1 This is an idiom that means John showed the people the right way to live. Alternate translation: “and told you the way God wants you to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
21:32 c5t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ 1 Here, **you** is plural and refers to the religious leaders. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
21:33 nn9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nTo rebuke the religious leaders and illustrate their unbelief, Jesus tells a parable about rebellious servants. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
21:16 luy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ναί οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε, ὅτι ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον? 1 Jesus asks this question to remind the chief priests and scribes of what they had studied in the scriptures. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I hear them, but you should remember what you read in the Scriptures, ‘From the mouths of little children and nursing infants you have prepared praise.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:16 qa9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον 1 **From the mouths** refers to speaking. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You caused little children and nursing infants to speak in praise of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:16 jgu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε, ὅτι ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον 1 If your language would not use a second direct quotation inside a first direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Have you not read that God said that from the mouths of infants and young children he would prepare praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
21:17 ID rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Βηθανίαν 1 The word **Bethany** is the name of a village near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:18 q488 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Matthew is using the word translated **Now** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
21:19 l3bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἦλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “he came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
21:19 h2la rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions οὐδὲν εὗρεν ἐν αὐτῇ, εἰ μὴ φύλλα μόνον 1 If it would in appear your language that Matthew was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “found only leaves on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
21:21 nd3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν καὶ μὴ διακριθῆτε, οὐ μόνον τὸ τῆς συκῆς ποιήσετε, ἀλλὰ κἂν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ εἴπητε, ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, γενήσεται 1 Jesus uses this expression to introduce an imaginary situation to help explain what they could do if they had faith in God. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “suppose you have faith and do not doubt. Then you will not only do what I did to the fig tree, but even if you say to this mountain, ‘Be taken up and be thrown into the sea,’ it will happen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
21:21 mwl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν καὶ μὴ διακριθῆτε 1 Jesus expresses the same idea both positively and negatively to emphasize that this faith must be genuine. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “if you truly believe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
21:21 zyrx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives μὴ διακριθῆτε 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative word **doubt**. Alternate translation: “believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
21:21 r61a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ μόνον τὸ τῆς συκῆς ποιήσετε 1 The phrase **what was of the fig tree** is referring to what Jesus did to the fig tree. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “you will not only be able to do what I did to the fig tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:21 jf9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes κἂν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ εἴπητε, ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, γενήσεται 1 If your language would not use a second direct quotation inside a first direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “you will even be able to tell this mountain to be taken up and be thrown into the sea, and it will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
21:21 erml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Get up and throw yourself into the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:23 uge9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἐλθόντος αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 Matthew is using **temple** to represent the temple courtyard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he had come into the courtyard of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
21:23 m6cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθόντος αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 Your language may say “gone” rather than **come** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “when he had gone into the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
21:23 mtt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς? καὶ τίς σοι ἔδωκεν τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “who authorized you to do these things, and who authorized you in this way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
21:23 s1w6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῦτα ποιεῖς 1 Here, **these things** refers to Jesus teaching in the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “teach these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:25 r7ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism ἐξ οὐρανοῦ 1 In order to honor the commandment not to misuse God’s name, Jewish people often avoided saying the word “God” and used the word **heaven** to represent God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
21:25 th4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐξ ἀνθρώπων 1 Here, Jesus is using the term **men** in a generic sense that includes all people. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, you could say “people” to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) Alternate translation: “people” or “humans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
21:25 vvt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἐὰν εἴπωμεν, ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐρεῖ ἡμῖν, διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ? 1 If your language would not use a second direct quotation inside a first direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “If we say that we believe John received his authority from heaven, then Jesus will ask us why we did not believe John.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
21:25 seb0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical ἐὰν εἴπωμεν, ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐρεῖ ἡμῖν, διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ 1 The Jewish leaders are describing a hypothetical situation. Use the natural form in your language for expressing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose we say, ‘From heaven.’ Then he will ask, ‘Then why did you not believe him’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
21:25 jmg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ? 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge the religious leaders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should have believed John the Baptist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:26 zxn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἐὰν δὲ εἴπωμεν, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, 1 If your language would not use a second direct quotation inside a first direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But if we say that we believe John received his authority from men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
21:26 iysl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ἐὰν δὲ εἴπωμεν, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, φοβούμεθα τὸν ὄχλον πάντες γὰρ ὡς προφήτην ἔχουσιν τὸν Ἰωάννην 1 The religious leaders uses this expression to introduce an imaginary situation to help explain what would happen if they said that John's authority was from man.. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose we say ‘from men’. Then we fear the crowd, because they all regard John as a prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
21:26 vn6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result πάντες γὰρ ὡς προφήτην ἔχουσιν τὸν Ἰωάννην 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because they all regard John as a prophet, we fear the crowd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
21:26 ID rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole πάντες 1 The chief priests and elders say **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “generally” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
21:27 ID rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιῶ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “who authorized me to do these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
21:28 u56n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables τί δὲ ὑμῖν δοκεῖ 1 To the religious leaders, Jesus tells a story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “But what do you think about this story I am about to tell you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
21:28 iem2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί δὲ ὑμῖν δοκεῖ? 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge the religious leaders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should consider what I am about to say!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:28 y2an rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go προσελθὼν 1 Your language may say “come” rather than gone in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “having come to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
21:29 b96z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor μεταμεληθεὶς 1 This refers to the son reconsidering his thoughts and deciding to act differently from how he had said he would act. Alternate translation: “having reconsidered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:29 ub09 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential ὕστερον δὲ 1 The word translated **afterward** at the beginning of this phrase indicates that this event happened after the previous event that the story described. Alternate translation: “But later, after this,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
21:31 ec9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οἱ τελῶναι καὶ αἱ πόρναι προάγουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ 1 Jesus is using the phrase **the kingdom of God** to mean God ruling over people as a king. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly as demonstrated in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:32 a8z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you ἦλθεν & Ἰωάννης πρὸς ὑμᾶς 1 Here, **you** is plural and refers to all the people of Israel, not just the religious leaders. Alternate translation: “John came to all of you people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
21:32 n2ve rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν ὁδῷ δικαιοσύνης 1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “teaching you what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
21:32 c5t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ 1 Here, **you** is plural and refers to the religious leaders, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
21:33 nn9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables Connecting Statement: 0 Connecting Statement:\n\nTo rebuke the religious leaders and illustrate their unbelief, Jesus tells a parable about rebellious servants. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
21:33 sx2y οἰκοδεσπότης 1 Alternate translation: “a person who owned a piece of property”
21:33 v39u φραγμὸν 1 Alternate translation: “a wall” or “a fence made of bushes”
21:33 lg79 ὤρυξεν ἐν αὐτῷ ληνὸν 1 Alternate translation: “dug a hole in the vineyard in which to press the grapes”
21:33 eu7x ἐξέδετο αὐτὸν γεωργοῖς 1 The owner still owned the vineyard, but he allowed the **vine growers** to take care of it. When the grapes became ripe, they were to give some of them to the owner and keep the rest.
21:33 vp8k γεωργοῖς 1 These **vine growers** were people who knew how to take care of vines and grapes.
21:35 n1cq τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ 1 Alternate translation: “the landowner’s servants”
21:40 x1ll rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 The word **Therefore** indicates that what follows is the result of what has happened in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
21:41 ss2m λέγουσιν αὐτῷ 1 Matthew does not make clear who answered Jesus. If you need to specify an audience you can translate as “The people said to Jesus.”
21:33 eu7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἐξέδετο αὐτὸν γεωργοῖς 1 This was an arrangement known as sharecropping. The owner still owned the vineyard, but he allowed the **vine growers** to take care of it. When the grapes became ripe, they were to give some of them to the owner and keep the rest. Be sure that this is clear in your translation if your readers would not be familiar with this kind of arrangement. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
21:33 vp8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐξέβαλον ἔξω τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος 1 Jesus likely does not mean that the farmers literally **threw** the son out of the vineyard. It is unlikely that they actually picked him up and heaved him through the air. Alternate translation: “they seized him and forced him out of the vineyard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) γεωργοῖς 1 These **vine growers** were people who knew how to take care of vines and grapes.
21:35 n1cq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ 1 The pronoun **his** refers to the landowner. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the landowner’s servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
21:39 ID 21:40 x1ll rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 The word **Therefore** indicates that what follows is the result of what has happened in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “As a result” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
21:41 ss2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit λέγουσιν αὐτῷ 1 Matthew does not make specify who answered Jesus, but it seems implicitly from the context that it was the chief priests and elders. Alternate translation: “The chief priests and elders replied to Jesus” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:42 z9tm λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας; παρὰ Κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη, καὶ ἔστιν θαυμαστὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν 1 Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that God will honor the one whom the religious leaders reject.
21:42 x8zh Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nHere Jesus begins to explain the parable of the rebellious servants.
21:42 kk7e λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 It is unclear to whom Jesus asks the following question. If you need to make **them** specific, use the same audience as you did in [21:41](../21/41.md).
21:42 me7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε ἐν ταῖς Γραφαῖς, λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας; παρὰ Κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη, καὶ ἔστιν θαυμαστὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν? 1 Jesus uses a question to make his audience think deeply about what this scripture means. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Think about what you have read in the scriptures, ‘The stone which the builders rejected, this has become the head of the corner. This was from the Lord, and it is marvelous in our eyes.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:42 mcm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας 1 Jesus is quoting from the Psalms. This is a metaphor that means the religious leaders, like builders, will reject Jesus, but God will make him the most important in his kingdom, like the cornerstone in a building. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:42 x8zh Connecting Statement: 0 Connecting Statement:\n\nHere Jesus begins to explain the parable of the rebellious servants.
21:42 kk7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 It is unclear to whom Jesus asks the following question. If you need to make **them** explicit, use the same audience as you did in [21:41](../21/41.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:42 me7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε ἐν ταῖς Γραφαῖς, λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας; παρὰ Κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη, καὶ ἔστιν θαυμαστὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν? 1 Jesus uses a question to make his audience think deeply about what this scripture means. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Think about what you have read in the Scriptures, ‘A stone that the builders rejected, this has become the head of the corner. This was from the Lord, and it is marvelous in our eyes.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:42 mcm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας 1 Jesus is quoting from the Psalms. This is a metaphor that means the religious leaders, like builders, will reject Jesus, but God will make him the most important in his kingdom, like the cornerstone in a building. Since this is a quotation from Scripture, we recommend that you translate the words directly rather than providing a non-figurative explanation of them, even if your language does not customarily use such figures of speech. If you want to explain the meaning of the metaphor, we recommend that you do that in a footnote rather than in the Bible text. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:42 uid2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “is now the cornerstone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:42 b1sr παρὰ Κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη 1 Alternate translation: “The Lord has caused this great change”
21:42 el83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἔστιν θαυμαστὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν 1 Here, **in our eyes** refers to seeing. Alternate translation: “it is wonderful to see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:43 s93a λέγω ὑμῖν 1 This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next.
21:43 c7pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you ὑμῖν 1 Here, **you** is plural. Jesus was speaking to the religious leaders who had rejected him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
21:43 s93a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom λέγω ὑμῖν 1 This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. Alternate translation: “I can assure you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
21:43 c7pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you ὑμῖν 1 Here, **you** is plural, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. Jesus was speaking to the religious leaders who had rejected him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
21:43 v89z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἀρθήσεται ἀφ’ ὑμῶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ δοθήσεται ἔθνει 1 Here, **kingdom of God** refers to God’s rule as king. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will reject you and he will be king over people from other nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:43 x9nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀρθήσεται ἀφ’ ὑμῶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ δοθήσεται ἔθνει 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will take his kingdom away from you and will give it to a nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:43 cm2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ποιοῦντι τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς 1 Here, **fruits** is a metaphor for “results” or “outcomes.” Alternate translation: “that produces good results” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:44 r7up rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τοῦτον, συνθλασθήσεται 1 Here, **this stone** is the same stone as in [21:42](../21/42.md). This is a metaphor that means the Christ will destroy anyone who rebels against him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:44 e7qc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τοῦτον, συνθλασθήσεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the stone will break into pieces anyone who falls on it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:44 ghz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἐφ’ ὃν δ’ ἂν πέσῃ, λικμήσει αὐτόν 1 This means basically the same thing as the previous sentence. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
21:44 fonh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐφ’ ὃν δ’ ἂν πέσῃ, λικμήσει αὐτόν 1 This is a metaphor that means the Christ will have the final judgment and will destroy everyone who rebels against him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:45 gh8w Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThe religious leaders react to the parable that Jesus told.
21:45 qpy9 τὰς παραβολὰς αὐτοῦ 1 Alternate translation: “Jesus’ parables”
22:intro k5ze 0 # Matthew 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in verse 44, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wedding Feast\n\nIn the parable of the wedding feast ([Matthew 22:1-14](./01.md)), Jesus taught that when God offers to save a person, that person needs to accept the offer. Jesus spoke of life with God as a feast that a king prepares for his son, who has just gotten married. In addition, Jesus emphasized that not everyone whom God invites will properly prepare themselves to come to the feast. God will throw these people out from the feast.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Implicit information\n\nSpeakers usually do not say things that they think their hearers already understand. When the king in the parable said, “My oxen and fattened calves have been killed” ([Matthew 22:4](../mat/22/04.md)), he assumed that the hearers would understand that those who had killed the animals had also cooked them.\n\n### Paradox\n\nA paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. To the Jews, the ancestors were the masters of the descendants, but in one psalm David calls one of his descendants “Lord.” Jesus tells the Jewish leaders that this is a paradox, saying, “If David then calls the Christ ‘Lord,’ how is he David’s son?” ([Matthew 22:45](../mat/22/45.md)).
22:1 z8vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nTo rebuke the religious leaders and to illustrate their unbelief, Jesus tells a parable about a marriage feast. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
22:1 bc6y αὐτοῖς 1 Alternate translation: “to the people”
22:2 xps3 ὡμοιώθη ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 This is the beginning of a parable. See how you translated this in [13:24](../13/24.md).
22:3 wur1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τοὺς κεκλημένους 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the people the king had invited” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:4 c7x4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive δούλους λέγων, εἴπατε τοῖς κεκλημένοις 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “servants, saying, ‘Tell those whom I have invited” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:4 arqx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations δούλους λέγων, εἴπατε τοῖς κεκλημένοις 1 You can state this direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “servants, ordering them to tell those whom he invited” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
22:4 iq6y ἰδοὺ 1 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
22:4 xu4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οἱ ταῦροί μου καὶ τὰ σιτιστὰ τεθυμένα 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “My servants have killed my oxen and my fattened calves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:4 ro9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ ταῦροί μου καὶ τὰ σιτιστὰ τεθυμένα 1 It is implied that the animals are cooked and ready to eat. Alternate translation: “My servants have killed and cooked my oxen and my fattened calves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:4 c48a οἱ ταῦροί μου καὶ τὰ σιτιστὰ 1 Alternate translation: “My best oxen and calves for eating”
22:5 zu4c οἱ δὲ ἀμελήσαντες 1 Alternate translation: “But the guests the king invited, ignoring the invitation”
22:7 la7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπώλεσεν τοὺς φονεῖς ἐκείνους 1 It is implied that it was the king’s soldiers who killed the **murderers**. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:8 k98u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οἱ & κεκλημένοι 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom I invited” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:9 p48s τὰς διεξόδους τῶν ὁδῶν 1 The king is sending the servants to the place where they are most likely to find people. Alternate translation: “the crossroads” or “where the main roads of the city cross”
22:10 uva7 πονηρούς τε καὶ ἀγαθούς 1 Alternate translation: “both the good people and the bad people”
22:10 c6ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive καὶ ἐπλήσθη ὁ γάμος ἀνακειμένων 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “So the guests filled the wedding hall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:10 fy3a ὁ γάμος 1 A **wedding hall** was a large room where weddings were performed.
22:12 c7iy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πῶς εἰσῆλθες ὧδε μὴ ἔχων ἔνδυμα γάμου? 1 The king uses a question to scold the guest. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you are not wearing proper clothes for a wedding. You should not be here.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:12 w7vb ὁ & ἐφιμώθη 1 Alternate translation: “the man was silent”
22:13 jmp4 δήσαντες αὐτοῦ πόδας καὶ χεῖρας 1 Alternate translation: “After you have tied him up so that he cannot move his hands or feet”
22:13 rpy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον 1 Here, **outer darkness** is a metonym for the place where God sends those who reject them. This is a place that is completely separated from God forever. See how you translated this in [8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate translation: “the dark place away from God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:13 s9ge rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων 1 Here, **the grinding of teeth** is symbolic action, representing extreme sadness and suffering. See how you translated this in [8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate translation: “weeping and expressing their extreme suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
22:14 hy3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πολλοὶ γάρ εἰσιν κλητοὶ, ὀλίγοι δὲ ἐκλεκτοί 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “For God invites many people, but he only chooses a few” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:14 yz5f γάρ 1 Here, **For** marks a transition. Jesus has ended the parable and will now explain the point of the parable.
22:15 y826 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis begins an account of the religious leaders trying to trap Jesus with several difficult questions. Here the Pharisees ask him about paying taxes to Caesar.
22:15 u2mj ὅπως αὐτὸν παγιδεύσωσιν ἐν λόγῳ 1 Alternate translation: “how they could cause Jesus to say something wrong so they could arrest him”
22:16 eae4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτῶν & τῶν Ἡρῳδιανῶν 1 The **disciples** of the Pharisees supported paying taxes only to Jewish authorities. The **Herodians** supported paying taxes to the Roman authorities. It is implied that the Pharisees believed that no matter what Jesus said, he would offend one of these groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:16 rf66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ἡρῳδιανῶν 1 The **Herodians** were officials and followers of the Jewish king Herod. He was friends with Roman authorities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
22:16 t2qa οὐ & βλέπεις εἰς πρόσωπον ἀνθρώπων 2 Alternate translation: “you do not show special honor to anyone” or “you do not consider anyone more important than anyone else”
22:17 a9by rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δοῦναι κῆνσον Καίσαρι 1 People did not pay taxes directly to **Caesar** but to one of his **tax** collectors. Alternate translation: “to pay the taxes that Caesar requires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:18 a2ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί με πειράζετε, ὑποκριταί? 1 Jesus uses a question to scold those who were trying to trap him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not test me, you hypocrites!” or “I know that you hypocrites are only trying to test me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:19 cie7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney δηνάριον 1 The **denarius** was a Roman coin worth one day’s wages. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
22:20 ue7j αὐτοῖς 1 Here, **them** refers to the Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees.
22:20 dr3d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τίνος ἡ εἰκὼν αὕτη καὶ ἡ ἐπιγραφή? 1 Jesus uses a question to get the people to think deeply about what he is saying. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me whose image and name you see on this coin.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:21 yd84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis Καίσαρος 1 You can make clear the understood information in their response. Alternate translation: “The coin has Caesar’s image and name on it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
22:21 i6g5 τὰ Καίσαρος 1 Alternate translation: “the things that belong to Caesar”
22:21 l3dh τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Alternate translation: “the things that belong to God”
22:23 wqg2 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThe Sadducees try to trap Jesus by asking him a difficult question about marriage and the resurrection of the dead.
22:24 xl5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Διδάσκαλε, Μωϋσῆς εἶπεν, ἐάν τις ἀποθάνῃ 1 The religious leaders were asking Jesus about what **Moses** had written in the Scriptures. If your language does not allow quotes within quotes, you could state this as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Teacher, Moses said that if a man dies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
22:24 u7dm ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ & τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ & τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ 1 Here, **his** refers to the dead man.
22:25 ag5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal ὁ πρῶτος 1 Alternate translation: “the oldest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
22:26 r6bq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal ὁ δεύτερος & ὁ τρίτος & τῶν ἑπτά 1 Alternate translation: “the next oldest … the next oldest … the youngest” or “his oldest younger brother … that brother’s oldest younger brother … the youngest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
22:27 t7md ὕστερον & πάντων 1 Alternate translation: “after every brother had died”
22:28 wbd1 οὖν 1 The Sadducees use the word **Therefore** to shift from the story about the seven brothers to their actual question.
22:28 s743 ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει 1 Alternate translation: “when dead people come back to life”
22:29 p1ae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πλανᾶσθε 1 It is implied that Jesus means that they are mistaken about what they think about the resurrection. Alternate translation: “You are mistaken about the resurrection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:29 xkvg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πλανᾶσθε 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “You are mistaken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:29 dax6 τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Alternate translation: “what God is able to do”
22:30 ygr1 ἐν & τῇ ἀναστάσει 1 Alternate translation: “when dead people rise back to life”
22:30 uaj9 οὔτε γαμοῦσιν 1 Alternate translation: “people do not marry”
22:30 qkv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὔτε γαμίζονται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “nor will people give their children in marriage” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:31 nx66 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJesus begins asking a question to show that people who have died will live again.
22:31 b9sy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑμῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ λέγοντος 1 This is the first part of a rhetorical question that continues into the next verse. Jesus scolds the Sadducees by asking a question. He is not looking for an answer. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know you have read what was spoken to you by God. You know that he said,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:44 r7up rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τοῦτον, συνθλασθήσεται 1 Here, **this stone** is the same stone as in [21:42](../21/42.md). This is a metaphor that means the Christ will destroy anyone who rebels against him. Since Jesus is referring here to his earlier quotation from Scripture, we recommend that you translate the words directly rather than providing a non-figurative explanation of them, even if your language does not customarily use such figures of speech. If you want to explain the meaning of the imagery, we recommend that you do that in a footnote rather than in the Bible text. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:44 e7qc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τοῦτον, συνθλασθήσεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the stone will break into pieces anyone who falls on it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ` 21:45 gh8w Connecting Statement: 0 Connecting Statement:\n\nThe religious leaders react to the parable that Jesus told.
21:45 qpy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τὰς παραβολὰς αὐτοῦ 1 The pronoun **his** refers to Jesus. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “these parables that Jesus told” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
22:intro k5ze 0 # Matthew 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in verse 44, which is quoted from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wedding Feast\n\nIn the parable of the wedding feast ([Matthew 22:1-14](../22/01.md)), Jesus taught that when God offers to save a person, that person needs to accept the offer. Jesus spoke of life with God as a feast that a king prepared for his son who had just gotten married. In addition, Jesus emphasized that not everyone whom God invites will properly prepare himself to come to the feast. God will throw such people out from the feast.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Implicit information\n\nSpeakers usually do not say things that they think their hearers already understand. When the king in the parable says, “My oxen and fattened calves have been killed” ([Matthew 22:4](../mat/22/04.md)), he assumes that the hearers will understand that those who had killed the animals had also cooked them.\n\n### Paradox\n\nA paradox is a statement that describes two things that seemingly cannot both be true at the same time. To the Jews, ancestors were greater than their descendants. But in one psalm David calls one of his descendants “Lord.” Jesus tells the Jewish leaders that this is a paradox, asking, “If David then calls the Christ ‘Lord,’ how is he David’s son?” ([22:45](../22/45.md)).
22:2 xps3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὡμοιώθη ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **The kingdom of the heavens is like** in [13:24](../13/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:3 wur1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τοὺς κεκλημένους 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that the “king” did it. Alternate translation: “the ones whom the king invited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:4 c7x4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive δούλους λέγων, εἴπατε τοῖς κεκλημένοις 1 See how you translated **the ones who have been invited** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:4 arqx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes δούλους λέγων, εἴπατε τοῖς κεκλημένοις 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “servants, commanding them to tell the ones who had been invited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
22:4 af2a rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ ἄριστόν μου ἡτοίμακα The king did not kill **prepare** the **dinner** himself. The implication is that his **servants** did that. Alternate translation: “my servants have prepared my dinner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:4 xu4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οἱ ταῦροί μου καὶ τὰ σιτιστὰ τεθυμένα 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “my servants” did it. Alternate translation: “My servants have killed my oxen and fattened calves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:4 ro9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ ταῦροί μου καὶ τὰ σιτιστὰ τεθυμένα 1 Here, **have been killed** means that they have been both slaughtered and prepared to eat. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “My oxen and fattened calves have been prepared to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:6 af3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὕβρισαν καὶ ἀπέκτειναν 1 This does not mean that the **others** both **mistreated** and **killed** the same servants. Rather, some of them mistreated some of the servants, while others killed other servants. You can provide this information in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “mistreated some of the servants and killed others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:7 af4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁ & βασιλεὺς ὠργίσθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this provoked the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:7 la7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπώλεσεν τοὺς φονεῖς ἐκείνους 1 The king did not kill **those murderers** himself. The implication is that **his soldiers** did it. Alternate translation: “his soldiers killed those murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:8 k98u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οἱ & κεκλημένοι 1 See how you translated **the ones who had been invited** in [22:4](../22/04.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:10 uva7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πονηρούς τε καὶ ἀγαθούς 1 Jesus is using the adjectives **evil** and **good** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “both evil people and good people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
22:10 sjgs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism πάντας οὓς εὗρον, πονηρούς τε καὶ ἀγαθούς 1 Jesus says the words **evil** and **good** to show that they invited everyone who was there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all of the people whom they found there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
22:10 c6ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐπλήσθη ὁ γάμος ἀνακειμένων 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those reclining to eat filled the wedding hall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:10 fy3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ὁ γάμος 1 A **wedding hall** was a large room where weddings were performed. Your language and culture may have a term for this that you can use in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
22:12 c7iy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πῶς εἰσῆλθες ὧδε μὴ ἔχων ἔνδυμα γάμου? 1 The king uses a question to scold the guest. If it would be helpful to your readers, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you are not wearing proper clothes for a wedding. You should not be here.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:13 jmp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential τότε 1 The word translated **Then** at the beginning of this phrase indicates that this event happened after the previous event that the story described. Alternate translation: “After this,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
22:13 olin rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom δήσαντες αὐτοῦ πόδας καὶ χεῖρας 1 When the king commands his servants to bind this man **foot and hand**, this does not mean that he wants them to tie the man’s feet to his hands. Rather, this is an idiom that means to bind his hands together and his feet together. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “After you bind his hands together and his feet together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
22:13 rpy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον 1 See how you translated this in [8:12](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:13 s9ge rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων 1 See how you translated this in [8:12](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
22:14 hy3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πολλοὶ γάρ εἰσιν κλητοὶ, ὀλίγοι δὲ ἐκλεκτοί 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that God did it. Alternate translation: “For God invites many people to be with him forever, but he only chooses a few” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:14 yz5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γάρ 1 If the connection between this statement and the previous one is not clear, you may want to use a connecting word to show how this statement relates to what came before it. Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “So in the same way as this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
22:15 y826 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential τότε 1 The word translated **Then** at the beginning of this phrase indicates that this event happened after the previous event that the story described. Alternate translation: “After this,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
22:15 u2mj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὅπως αὐτὸν παγιδεύσωσιν ἐν λόγῳ 1 Matthew is speaking as if the Pharisees literally wanted to catch Jesus in a trap or **entrap** him. He means that they wanted to get Jesus to say or do something that would allow them to accuse him of doing wrong. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “how they might cause him to say something that would allow them to accuse him of doing wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:15 af5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν λόγῳ 1 Matthew is using the term **word** to mean something that Jesus might say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by something he said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:16 eae4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτῶν μετὰ τῶν Ἡρῳδιανῶν 1 The **disciples** of the Pharisees supported paying taxes only to Jewish authorities. The **Herodians** supported paying taxes to the Roman government. It is implied that the Pharisees believed that no matter what Jesus said, he would offend one of these groups. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “their disciples, who paid taxes only to the temple, along with the Herodians, who paid taxes to the Roman government” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:16 rf66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Ἡρῳδιανῶν 1 **Herodians** is the name of a group of people who supported the ruler Herod Antipas. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly, as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:16 af6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness Διδάσκαλε 1 The Pharisees and Herodians are addressing to Jesus by a respectful title. Your language and culture may have a comparable title that you can use in your translation, here and in verse 24. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness]])
22:16 z92l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν ἀληθείᾳ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “truthfully.” Alternate translation: “truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
22:16 t2qa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom οὐ & βλέπεις εἰς πρόσωπον ἀνθρώπων 2 Here, **you do not look at the face of men** is an idiom that means that before you speak, you do not consider what others might think about what you say. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you do not worry what others will think of what you have to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
22:17 a9by rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Καίσαρι 1 The religious leaders are using the term **Caesar** to mean the roman government. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the Roman government” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:18 a2ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί με πειράζετε, ὑποκριταί? 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge the religious leaders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You certainly should not test me, you hypocrites!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:19 cie7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney δηνάριον 1 The **denarius** was a Roman coin worth one day’s wages. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “a coin worth one day's wages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
22:20 ue7j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “to the Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
22:21 af7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τῷ Θεῷ 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and give to God the things of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
22:23 wqg2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ 1 The phrase translated **On that day** at the beginning of this phrase indicates that this event happened later that same day, after the previous event that the story described. Alternate translation: “Later that same day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
22:24 xl5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Διδάσκαλε, Μωϋσῆς εἶπεν, ἐάν τις ἀποθάνῃ 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Teacher, Moses said that if a man dies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
22:24 af8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative ἐπιγαμβρεύσει ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀναστήσει 1 Moses is using a future statement to give a command. Alternate translation: “his brother must marry his wife and must raise up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
22:24 u7dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor σπέρμα 1 The term **seed** means “offspring.” It is a word picture. Just as plants produce seeds that grow into many more plants, so people can have many offspring. If it would help your readers to understand what seed means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “offspring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:25 ag5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal ὁ πρῶτος 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here. Alternate translation: “brother number one” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
22:25 njdt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ὁ πρῶτος 1 Jesus is using the adjective **first** as a noun in order to indicate a particular person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could specify the person. Alternate translation: “the first brother” or “the oldest brother” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
22:26 r6bq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal ὁ δεύτερος & ὁ τρίτος & τῶν ἑπτά 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the next oldest … the next oldest … the youngest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
22:26 pnf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ὁ δεύτερος & ὁ τρίτος & τῶν ἑπτά 1 The Sadducees are using the adjectives **second**, **third** and **seventh** as a noun in order to indicate a particular person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could specify the person. Alternate translation: “the second brother … the third brother … the seventh brother” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
22:27 t7md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ὕστερον & πάντων 1 The Sadducees are using the adjective **all** as a noun in order to indicate a particular group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could specify the people. Alternate translation: “all these people we have told you about” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
22:28 s743 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει 1 The Sadducees did not actually believe that there would be a resurrection. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the supposed resurrection” or “when people supposedly rise from the dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:28 mx5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν ἑπτὰ 1 The Sadducees are using the adjective **seven** as a noun to mean the seven brothers. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the seven brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
22:29 p1ae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πλανᾶσθε 1 Jesus is speaking as if the Sadducees have literally been **led astray** or conducted down the wrong path. He means that they have been deceived. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You have been deceived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:29 e2t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πλανᾶσθε 1 Jesus is saying that they have been **led stray** specifically about the resurrection. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “You have been led astray not to believe in the resurrection of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:29 xkvg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πλανᾶσθε 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone has led you astray” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:29 dax6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **power**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what God is able to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
22:30 ygr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν & τῇ ἀναστάσει 1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **resurrection**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when dead people rise back to life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
22:30 uaj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns οὔτε γαμοῦσιν & εἰσιν 1 Both uses of the pronoun **they** refer to men and women in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify this in your translation. Alternate translation: “men and women neither marry … men and women are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
22:30 qkv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὔτε γαμίζονται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “nor do people give their children in marriage” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:31 af9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns περὶ δὲ τῆς ἀναστάσεως τῶν νεκρῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **resurrection**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “But concerning what happens when people who have died become alive again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
22:31 af4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν νεκρῶν 1 Jesus is using the adjective **dead** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who have died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
22:31 b9sy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑμῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ λέγοντος 1 This is the first part of a rhetorical question that continues into the next verse. Jesus scolds the Sadducees by asking a question. He is not looking for an answer. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know you have read what was spoken to you by God. You know that he said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:31 ljj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑμῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “what God spoke to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:32 qcq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰακώβ? 1 This is the end of the question that begins with the words **have you not read** in verse 31. Jesus asks this question to remind the religious leaders of what they know from scripture. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know you have read it, but you do not seem to understand what God meant when he said he was the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:32 zwbp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰακώβ? 1 You can translate this direct quotation as an indirect quotation. “God, who said to Moses that he is the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
22:32 t7lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj νεκρῶν, ἀλλὰ ζώντων 1 If your language does not use the nominal adjectives **dead** and **living**, you can express them as adjectives. Alternate translation: “of dead people, but he is the God of living people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
22:34 jnd7 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nA Pharisee who was an expert in the law tries to trap Jesus by asking him a difficult question about the greatest commandment.
22:35 ud5r νομικὸς 1 This is a Pharisee who had special skill in understanding the law of Moses. Alternate translation: “an expert in the law”
22:37 vng8 ἀγαπήσεις Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ καρδίᾳ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ διανοίᾳ σου 1 Jesus quotes a verse from Deuteronomy as the greatest commandment.
22:37 xl3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ καρδίᾳ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ διανοίᾳ σου 1 These three phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
22:37 g0mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ καρδίᾳ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ διανοίᾳ σου 1 Here, **heart** and **soul** are metonyms for a person’s inner being. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:38 q8j3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἡ μεγάλη καὶ πρώτη ἐντολή 1 Here, **great** and **first** mean the same thing. They emphasize that this is the most important **commandment**. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
22:39 xk1k ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν 1 Jesus quotes a verse from Leviticus as the second greatest commandment.
22:39 yx7v τὸν πλησίον σου 1 Here, **neighbor** means more than just those who live nearby. Jesus means a person must **love** all people.
22:40 wpr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν ταύταις ταῖς δυσὶν ἐντολαῖς, ὅλος ὁ νόμος κρέμαται καὶ οἱ προφῆται 1 Here the phrase **the whole law and the prophets** refers to all of Scripture. Alternate translation: “Everything that Moses and the prophets wrote in the scriptures is based on these two commandments” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:41 r9ca Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJesus asks the Pharisees a difficult question in order to stop their attempts to trap him.
22:41 pj4a δὲ 1 The word **Now** is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story when Jesus asks the religious leaders a question.
22:42 xlf8 υἱός 1 Here, **son** means “descendant.”
22:42 xhwj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis τοῦ Δαυείδ 1 In this reply, it is understood that they are saying whose son the Christ will be. Alternate translation: “He is the son of David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
22:43 dpp5 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 43-44, Jesus quotes from the Psalms to show that the Christ is more than just “the son of David.”
22:43 cu3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πῶς οὖν Δαυεὶδ ἐν Πνεύματι καλεῖ Κύριον αὐτὸν 1 Jesus begins to ask a question to make the religious leaders think deeply about the Psalm he is about to quote. The question continues into the next verse. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Then, tell me why David in the Spirit calls him Lord, saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:43 yu5m Δαυεὶδ ἐν Πνεύματι 1 This means the Holy Spirit is influencing what David says. Alternate translation: “David, whom the Holy Spirit is inspiring”
22:43 dn9y καλεῖ & αὐτὸν 1 Here, **him** refers to the Christ, who is also the descendant of David.
22:44 wy85 εἶπεν Κύριος 1 Here, **Lord** refers to God the Father.
22:44 k3f7 τῷ Κυρίῳ μου 1 Here, **Lord** refers to the Christ. Also, **my** refers to David. This means the Christ is superior to David, because he is David’s “Lord.”
22:44 dz2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου 1 To sit at the **right hand** of God is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “Sit in the place of honor beside me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
22:44 e59n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν σου 1 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “until I conquer your enemies” or “until I make your enemies bow down before you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
22:45 d8gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion εἰ οὖν Δαυεὶδ καλεῖ αὐτὸν, Κύριον, πῶς υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἐστιν? 1 Jesus uses a question to make the religious leaders think deeply about what he is saying. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “David calls him ‘Lord,’ so the Christ has to be more than just a descendant of David.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:45 x9uh εἰ οὖν Δαυεὶδ καλεῖ αὐτὸν, Κύριον, 1 **David** referred to Jesus as **Lord** because Jesus was not only a descendant of David, but he was also superior to him.
22:46 n3hw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἀποκριθῆναι αὐτῷ λόγον 1 Here, **word** refers to what people say. Alternate translation: “to answer him anything” or “to answer him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:46 c1f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐπερωτῆσαι αὐτὸν οὐκέτι 1 It is implied that no one asked him the kind of questions that were intended to make him say something wrong so the religious leaders could arrest him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:32 zwbp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰακώβ 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation, with no comma at the end of verse 31: “that he was the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
22:32 t7lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj νεκρῶν & ζώντων 1 Jesus is using the adjective **dead** and the participle **living** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives and participles in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “of dead people … of living people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
22:32 qbyp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ Θεὸς νεκρῶν, ἀλλὰ ζώντων 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “he is not the God of the dead, but he is the God of the living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
22:35 ud5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants καὶ ἐπηρώτησεν εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν, νομικὸς πειράζων αὐτόν 1 Matthew is using this verse to introduce **a lawyer** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “Now one of the Sadducees was a lawyer. He asked Jesus a question in order to test him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
22:37 xl3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ καρδίᾳ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ διανοίᾳ σου 1 The phrases **with all your heart**, **with all your soul** and **with all your mind** mean similar things. Moses, whom Jesus is quoting, may have been using the three phrases together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “completely” or “with your whole being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
22:37 g0mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ καρδίᾳ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ σου 1 Here, **heart** and **soul** are metonyms for a person’s inner being. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with all your desires, and with all your feelings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:38 q8j3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἡ μεγάλη καὶ πρώτη ἐντολή 1 The terms **greatest** and **first** mean similar things. Jesus may be using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “very greatest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
22:39 xk1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis δευτέρα 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “a second commandment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
22:40 wpr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism ὅλος ὁ νόμος & καὶ οἱ προφῆται 1 Jesus is two of the main parts of the Scriptures, the **Law** and the **Prophets** to mean all of the Scriptures. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all of the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
22:40 r9ca rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν ταύταις ταῖς δυσὶν ἐντολαῖς, ὅλος ὁ νόμος κρέμαται καὶ οἱ προφῆται 1 Here, Jesus is speaking of the Law and the Prophets as if they were something that a person would **hang** on the **two commandments** that he previously mentioned. This means that the Law and the Prophets are summarized by these two laws. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the whole Law and the Prophets are summarized by these two laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:41 pj4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Matthew is using the word translated **Now** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
22:41 af1j σ rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive υνηγμένων 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “having gathered together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:42 xlf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor υἱός 1 Jesus is not asking whose literal son the **Christ** is. Jesus is using the term **son** to mean “descendant.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “descendant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:42 xhwj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis τοῦ Δαυείδ 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “He is a son of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
22:43 cu3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πῶς οὖν Δαυεὶδ ἐν Πνεύματι καλεῖ Κύριον αὐτὸν 1 Jesus begins to ask a question to make the religious leaders think deeply about the Psalm he is about to quote. The question continues into the next verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me, then, why David in the Spirit calls him Lord, saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:43 yu5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Δαυεὶδ ἐν Πνεύματι 1 Here, **in the Spirit** is an idiom that means that David was prompted by the Holy Spirit to write the quote in the next verse. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “David, prompted by the Spirit,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
22:43 ai8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations λέγων 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “when he said this:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
22:44 k3f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ Κυρίῳ μου 1 Here, **Lord** refers to the Messiah. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “my Lord, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:44 af2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/ figs-nominaladj δεξιῶν μου 1 David is using the adjective **right** as a noun to mean a particular place. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “my right side” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
22:44 dz2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου 1 To sit at the **right** side of God is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “Sit in the place of honor beside me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
22:44 e59n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν σου 1 Here, to **put** the Messiah’s **enemies under** his **feet** means to make his enemies subordinate to him. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “until I might make your enemies subordinate to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
22:45 d8gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion εἰ οὖν Δαυεὶδ καλεῖ αὐτὸν, Κύριον, πῶς υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἐστιν? 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge the religious leaders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “David would not call him ‘Lord’ if he were only his son!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:46 af3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο ἀποκριθῆναι αὐτῷ λόγον 1 Matthew is using the term **word** to mean something that one of Jesus’ listeners might have said by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “no one was able to say anything to him in response” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
23:intro m99i 0 # Matthew 23 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Hypocrites\n\nJesus calls the Pharisees hypocrites many times ([Matthew 23:13](../mat/23/13.md)) and carefully tells what he means by doing that. The Pharisees made rules that no one could actually obey, and then they persuaded the ordinary people that they were guilty because they could not obey the rules. Also, the Pharisees obeyed their own rules instead of obeying God’s original commands in the law of Moses.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Name calling\n\nIn most cultures, it is wrong to insult people. The Pharisees took many of the words in this chapter as insults. Jesus called them “hypocrites,” “blind guides,” “fools,” and “serpents” ([Matthew 23:16-17](./16.md)). Jesus uses these words say that God would surely punish them because they were doing wrong.\n\n### Paradox\n\nA paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, “He who is greatest among you will be your servant” ([Matthew 23:11-12](./11.md)).
23:1 skq4 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThis is the beginning of a new part of the story that continues to [25:46](../25/46.md), where Jesus teaches about salvation and the final judgment. Here he begins to warn the people about the scribes and Pharisees.
23:2 dnu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τῆς Μωϋσέως καθέδρας ἐκάθισαν 1 Here, **seat** represents the authority to rule and make judgments. Alternate translation: “have authority as Moses had” or “have authority to say what the law of Moses means” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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