* **This I say therefore, and I exhort you in the Lord** - AT: "Therefore I strongly encourage you in the Lord"
* **no longer walk as the Gentiles walk in the futility of their minds** - AT: "stop living like the Gentiles with their worthless thoughts"
* **being darkened in thought, alienated from the life of God by the ignorance that is in them and by the stubbornness of their heart** - AT: "They cannot experience the life of God because their minds have been blinded and they are stubborn"
* **being darkened in thought** - They no longer think or reason clearly.
* **alienated from the life of God** - AT: "separated from godly living"
* **by the ignorance that is in them** - AT: "because they have no knowledge of God"
* **They have handed themselves over to debauchery in impure actions, in every kind of greediness** - AT: "They have given their lives to an excessive desire for pleasure by their evil behavior and greed for everything they desire"
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