1TH front intro jp2y 0 # Introduction to 1 Thessalonians<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>#### Outline of the Book of 1 Thessalonians<br><br>1. Greeting (1:1)<br>1. Prayer of thanksgiving for the Thessalonian Christians (1:2-10)<br>1. Paul's ministry in Thessalonica (2:1-16)<br>1. Paul's concerns for their spiritual growth<br>- Like a mother (2:7)<br>- Like a father (2:11)<br>1. Paul sends Timothy to the Thessalonians and Timothy reports back to Paul (3:1-13)<br>1. Practical instructions<br>- Live to please God (4:1-12)<br>- Comfort regarding those who have died (4:12-18)<br>- Christ's return is a motive for godly living (5:1-11)<br>1. Closing blessings, thanks, and prayers (5:12-28)<br><br>#### Who wrote 1 Thessalonians?<br><br>Paul wrote 1 Thessalonians. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>Paul wrote this letter while staying in the city of Corinth. Of all Paul's letters that are in the Bible, many scholars think 1 Thessalonians was the first letter Paul wrote.<br><br>#### What is the Book of 1 Thessalonians about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to the believers in the city of Thessalonica. He wrote it after the Jews in the city forced him to leave. In this letter he said he considered his visit to them a success, even though he was forced to leave.<br><br>Paul responded to the news from Timothy about the Thessalonian believers. The believers there were being persecuted. He encouraged them to continue living in a way that pleased God. He also comforted them by explaining what happens to those who die before Christ returns.<br><br>#### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "1 Thessalonians" or "First Thessalonians." They may instead prefer to choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's First Letter to the Church in Thessalonica," or "The First Letter to the Christians in Thessalonica." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>#### What is the "second coming" of Jesus?<br><br>Paul wrote much in this letter about Jesus' eventual return to Earth. When Jesus returns, he will judge all mankind. He will also rule over creation, and there will be peace everywhere.<br><br>#### What happens to those who die before the return of Christ?<br><br>Paul made clear that those who die before Christ's return will come back to life and be with Jesus. They will not remain dead forever. Paul wrote this to encourage the Thessalonians. For some of them worried that those who died would miss the great day when Jesus returns.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>#### What did Paul mean by expressions like "in Christ" and "in the Lord."?<br><br>Paul meant to express the idea of a very a close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.<br><br>#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Thessalonians?<br><br>For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.<br><br>* "May grace and peace be to you" (1:1). Some older versions read: "Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ."<br>* "Instead, we were as gentle among you as a mother comforting her own children." (2:7) Other modern versions and older versions read, "Instead, we were like babies among you, as when a mother comforts her own children."<br>* "Timothy, our brother and fellow worker for God" (3:2). Some other versions read: "Timothy, our brothe
1TH 1 intro y8c5 0 # 1 Thessalonians 01 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Verse 1 formally introduces this letter. Letters in the ancient Near East commonly had introductions of this type.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Hardship<br>Other people persecuted the Christians in Thessalonica. But the Christians there handled it well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
1TH 1 1 dp37 0 General Information: Paul identifies himself as the writer of the letter and greets the church at Thessalonica.
1TH 1 1 ms5e figs-explicit 0 Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy to the church The UST makes clear that it was Paul who wrote this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TH 1 1 luw5 figs-metonymy 0 May grace and peace be to you The terms "grace" and "peace" are metonyms for the person who acts toward people in a kindly and peaceful manner. Alternate translation: "May God be kind to you and give you peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TH 1 1 nn67 figs-you 0 peace be to you The word "you" refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1TH 1 2 y98w figs-exclusive 0 General Information: In this letter the words "we" and "us" refer to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, unless otherwise noted. Also, the word "you" is plural and refers to the believers at the church of Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1TH 1 2 xud4 0 We always give thanks to God Here "always" suggests that when Paul prays to God, he consistently presents the Thessalonians to God in his prayers.
1TH 1 2 r3yd 0 we mention you continually in our prayers "we continually pray for you"
1TH 1 3 bl7l 0 work of faith acts done because of trust in God
1TH 1 4 xky4 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues to give thanks for the believers at Thessalonica and praises them for their faith in God.
1TH 1 4 erb6 0 Brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1TH 1 4 u5er figs-exclusive 0 we know The word "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1TH 1 5 ude4 0 not in word only "not only in what we said"
1TH 1 5 h675 0 but also in power, in the Holy Spirit Possible meanings are 1) the Holy Spirit gave Paul and his companions the ability to preach the gospel powerfully or 2) the Holy Spirit made the preaching of the gospel have a powerful effect among the Thessalonian believers or 3) the Holy Spirit demonstrated the truth of the gospel preaching by means of miracles, signs, and wonders.
1TH 1 5 t1w3 figs-abstractnouns 0 in much assurance The abstract noun "assurance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "God made you sure that it was true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1TH 1 5 e889 0 what kind of men "how we conducted ourselves when"
1TH 1 6 cs49 0 You became imitators To "imitate" means to act like or to copy the behavior of another.
1TH 1 6 cl6r 0 received the word "welcomed the message" or "accepted what we had to say"
1TH 1 6 q4gm 0 in much hardship "during a time of great suffering" or "in much persecution"
1TH 1 7 ml7u translate-names 0 Achaia This is an ancient district in what is present-day Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1TH 1 8 qyk6 figs-metonymy 0 the word of the Lord "Word" here is a metonym for "message." Alternate translation: "the Lord's teachings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TH 1 8 sht4 figs-metaphor 0 has rung out Here Paul speaks of the Christian witness produced by the Thessalonian believers as if it were a bell that was rung or a musical instrument that was being played. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 1 9 rd2b 0 For they themselves Paul is referring to the churches that already existed in the surrounding regions, who have heard about the Thessalonian believers.
1TH 1 9 amc1 figs-rpronouns 0 they themselves Here "themselves" is used to emphasize those people who had heard about the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1TH 1 9 v145 figs-metonymy 0 what kind of reception we had among you The abstract noun "reception" can be expressed as the verb "receive" or "welcome." Alternate translation: "how warmly you received us" or "how warmly you welcomed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TH 1 9 u1um figs-metaphor 0 you turned to God from the idols to serve the living and true God Here "turned to ... from" is a metaphor that means to start being loyal to one person and stop being loyal to someone else. Alternate translation: "you stopped worshiping idols and started serving the living and true God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 1 10 dg6a guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 his Son This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
1TH 1 10 pmi8 0 whom he raised "whom God caused to live again"
1TH 1 10 wba8 0 from the dead "so that he was no longer dead." This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To come back from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
1TH 1 10 pt1s figs-inclusive 0 who frees us Here Paul includes the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1TH 2 intro kt5l 0 # 1 Thessalonians 02 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Christian witness<br>Paul values his "Christian witness" as evidence that the gospel is true. Paul says that being godly or holy bears witness to the non-Christian. Paul defends his character, so that his witness is not affected. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br>
1TH 2 1 pt75 0 Connecting Statement: Paul defines the believers' service and reward.
1TH 2 1 gpr4 figs-rpronouns 0 you yourselves The words "you" and "yourselves" refer to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1TH 2 1 tdl3 0 brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1TH 2 1 g6qq figs-exclusive 0 our coming The word "our" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1TH 2 1 w584 figs-doublenegatives 0 was not useless This can be expressed in a positive manner. Alternate translation: "was very worthwhile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1TH 2 2 x6ez 0 previously suffered and were shamefully treated "were mistreated and insulted"
1TH 2 2 v4dg 0 in much struggling "while struggling under great opposition"
1TH 2 3 t7ty 0 was not from error, nor from impurity, nor from deceit "was truthful, pure, and honest"
1TH 2 4 is1a 0 approved by God to be trusted Paul was tested and proven trustworthy by God.
1TH 2 4 qqj2 figs-explicit 0 we speak Paul is referring to preaching the gospel message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TH 2 4 k1m9 figs-metonymy 0 who examines our hearts The word "hearts" is a metonym for a person's desires and thoughts. Alternate translation: "who knows our desires and thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TH 2 5 xcy6 0 General Information: Paul tells the Thessalonian believers that his conduct was not based in flattery, greed, or self glory.
1TH 2 5 i8cr 0 we never came with words of flattery "we never spoke to you with false praise"
1TH 2 6 p9ih 0 could have claimed privileges "could have insisted you give us money"
1TH 2 7 ag1l figs-simile 0 as a mother comforting her own children Just as a mother gently comforts her children, so Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy spoke gently to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1TH 2 8 r8b4 0 In this way we had affection for you "This is how we demonstrated our affection for you"
1TH 2 8 g73f 0 we had affection for you "we loved you"
1TH 2 8 q86v figs-metaphor 0 We were pleased to share with you not only the gospel of God but also our own lives Paul speaks of the gospel message and his life and the lives of those with him as if they were a physical object that one could share with others. Alternate translation: "We were pleased not only to tell you the gospel of God but also to spend time with you and to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 2 8 p4e4 0 you had become very dear to us "we cared for you deeply"
1TH 2 9 j9lu 0 brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1TH 2 9 tc98 figs-doublet 0 our labor and toil The words "labor" and "toil" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how hard they worked. Alternate translation: "how hard we worked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TH 2 9 b16f 0 Night and day we were working so that we might not weigh down any of you "We worked hard to make our own living so you would not need to support us"
1TH 2 10 il3e 0 holy, righteous, and blameless Paul uses three words that describe their good behavior toward the Thessalonian believers.
1TH 2 11 i58m figs-metaphor 0 as a father with his own children Paul compares how he encouraged the Thessalonians to a father gently teaching his children how to behave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 2 12 m91e figs-doublet 0 exhorting you and encouraging and urging you The words "exhorting," "encouraging," and "urging" are used together to express how passionately Paul's group encouraged the Thessalonians. Alternate translation: "We were strongly encouraging you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TH 2 12 n8dr figs-hendiadys 0 into his own kingdom and glory The word "glory" describes the word "kingdom." Alternate translation: "into his own glorious kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1TH 2 12 qmc3 figs-metaphor 0 to walk in a manner that is worthy of God "Walk" here is an metaphor for "live." Alternate translation: "live so that people will think well of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 2 13 au3b 0 General Information: Paul continues to use "we" to refer to himself and his traveling companions and "you" to the Thessalonian believers.
1TH 2 13 z53w 0 we also thank God constantly Paul often thanks God for their acceptance of the gospel message he shared with them.
1TH 2 13 zj5f figs-synecdoche 0 not as the word of man "Word of man" here is a synecdoche for "a message that comes simply from a man." Alternate translation: "(it is) not a message that is made up by a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1TH 2 13 rpb1 figs-metonymy 0 you accepted it ... as it truly is, the word of God "Word" here is a metonym for "message." Alternate translation: "you accepted it ... as it truly is, the message that comes from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TH 2 13 ci1e figs-personification 0 which is also at work in you who believe Paul speaks of God's gospel message as if it were a person who was doing work. "Word" is a metonym for "message." Alternate translation: "which those of you who believe are listening to and beginning to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TH 2 14 s2mp 0 brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1TH 2 14 mh8n 0 became imitators of the churches The Thessalonian believers endured persecutions similar to the Judean believers. "became like the churches"
1TH 2 14 cxm3 0 from your own countrymen "from other Thessalonians"
1TH 2 16 rw7e 0 They forbid us to speak "They try to make us stop speaking"
1TH 2 16 n2ue figs-metaphor 0 they always fill up their own sins Paul speaks as though someone can fill a container with their own sins as with liquid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 2 16 fq9m 0 wrath will overtake them in the end This refers to God finally judging and punishing people for their sins.
1TH 2 17 edb1 0 brothers This means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1TH 2 17 vr7v figs-metonymy 0 in person not in heart Here "heart" represents thoughts and emotions. Though Paul and those traveling with him were not present physically in Thessalonica, they continued to care and think about the believers there. Alternate translation: "in person, but we continued to think about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TH 2 17 t5d5 figs-synecdoche 0 to see your face Here "your face" means the entire person. Alternate translation: "to see you" or "to be with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1TH 2 19 j7j5 figs-rquestion 0 For what is our hope, or joy, or crown of pride in front of our Lord Jesus at his coming? Is it not you? Paul uses questions to emphasize the reasons he wants to come see the Thessalonian believers. Alternate translation: "For you are our confidence for the future, and joy, and crown of pride in front of our Lord Jesus at his coming." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1TH 2 19 mj9n figs-metonymy 0 our hope ... Is it not you By "hope" Paul means the assurance he has that God will reward him for his work. The Thessalonian Christians are the reason for his hope. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TH 2 19 ty78 figs-metonymy 0 or joy The Thessalonians are the reason for his joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TH 2 19 e7tl figs-metonymy 0 crown of pride Here "crown" refers to a laurel wreath awarded to victorious athletes. The expression "crown of pride" means a reward for victory, or having done well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TH 3 intro j379 0 # 1 Thessalonians 03 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Standing<br>In this chapter, Paul uses "stand firm" to illustrate being steadfast. This is a common way to describe being steadfast or faithful. Paul uses "be shaken" as the opposite of being steadfast. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br>
1TH 3 1 nal1 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells the believers he has sent Timothy to strengthen their faith.
1TH 3 1 fqe3 0 we could no longer bear it "we could no longer endure worrying about you"
1TH 3 1 t3vt 0 good to be left behind at Athens alone "good for Silvanus and me to stay behind in Athens"
1TH 3 1 qhj4 0 it was good "it was proper" or "it was reasonable"
1TH 3 1 laf9 translate-names 0 Athens This is a city in the Achaia province, which is now modern-day Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1TH 3 2 d8yy 0 our brother and fellow worker These two expressions both describe Timothy.
1TH 3 3 y74m figs-idiom 0 no one would be shaken To be "shaken" is an idiom for being afraid. Alternate translation: "no one would be frightened away from trusting in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TH 3 3 rkx9 figs-explicit 0 we have been appointed Paul assumes that everyone knows that it was God who appointed them. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "God has appointed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TH 3 4 shn3 0 Truly This word marks that there is more to the truth than what has just been said. Alternate translation: "Moreover"
1TH 3 4 nm1l 0 to suffer affliction "to be mistreated by others"
1TH 3 5 st3d figs-idiom 0 I could no longer stand it Paul was describing his own emotions by using an idiom. Alternate translation: "I could not longer wait patiently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TH 3 5 zn36 figs-explicit 0 I sent It is implied that Paul sent Timothy. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "I sent Timothy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TH 3 5 g92s 0 our labor "our hard work among you" or "our teaching among you"
1TH 3 5 ne5x 0 in vain "useless"
1TH 3 6 r4pa 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells his readers about Timothy's report after he returned from visiting them.
1TH 3 6 gci4 figs-exclusive 0 came to us The word "us" refers to Paul and Silvanus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1TH 3 6 tu8d figs-explicit 0 the good news of your faith It is understood that this refers to faith in Christ. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "a good report of your faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TH 3 6 e6kx 0 you always have good memories When they think of Paul, they always have good thoughts about him.
1TH 3 6 tx4h 0 you long to see us "you desire to see us"
1TH 3 7 mqy5 0 brothers Here "brothers" means fellow Christians.
1TH 3 7 k54j figs-explicit 0 because of your faith This refers to faith in Christ. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "because of your faith in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TH 3 7 csz7 figs-doublet 0 in all our distress and affliction The word "affliction" explains why they are in "distress." Alternate translation: "in all our distress caused by our afflictions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TH 3 8 x5xt figs-idiom 0 we live This is an idiom that expresses living a satisfied life. Alternate translation: "we are very encouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TH 3 8 x4zn figs-idiom 0 if you stand firm in the Lord To "stand firm" is an idiom meaning to continue being faithful. Alternate translation: "if you continue to trust in the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TH 3 9 pzq7 figs-rquestion 0 For what thanks can we give to God for you, for all the joy that we have before our God over you? This rhetorical question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "We cannot thank God enough for what he has done for you! We greatly rejoice over you when we pray to our God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1TH 3 9 p5ka figs-metaphor 0 before our God Paul speaks as if he and his companions were physically in God's presence. He is probably referring to the activity of praying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 3 10 k71n 0 very hard "fervently"
1TH 3 10 eb26 figs-synecdoche 0 see your face The word "face" refers to their whole person. Alternate translation: "visit you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1TH 3 11 tet9 0 General Information: In these verses, the word "our" does not always refer to the same group of people. Please see the translation notes for specifics.
1TH 3 11 bql9 figs-inclusive 0 May our God ... our Lord Jesus Paul includes the Thessalonian believers with his ministry team. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1TH 3 11 mc2m 0 May our God "We pray that our God"
1TH 3 11 um1c figs-metaphor 0 direct our way to you Paul speaks as if he wants God to show him and his companions the route to take to visit the Thessalonian Christians. He means that he wants God to make it possible for them to do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 3 11 efl5 figs-exclusive 0 direct our way to you The word "our" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1TH 3 11 mp6s figs-rpronouns 0 Father himself Here "himself" refers back to "Father" for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1TH 3 12 f5z3 figs-metaphor 0 increase and abound in love Paul speaks of love as an object that one could obtain more of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 3 13 ly21 figs-metonymy 0 strengthen your hearts, so that they will be Here "heart" is a metonym for one's beliefs and convictions. Alternate translation: "strenghten you, so that you will be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TH 3 13 xsd3 0 at the coming of our Lord Jesus "when Jesus comes back to earth"
1TH 3 13 jlc5 0 with all his saints "with all those who belong to him"
1TH 4 intro b1z5 0 # 1 Thessalonians 04 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Sexual immorality<br>Different cultures have different standards of sexual morality. These different cultural standards may make translating this passage difficult. Translators must also be aware of cultural taboos. These are topics considered improper to discuss.<br><br>##### Dying before the return of Christ<br>In the early church, people apparently wondered what would happen if a believer died before Christ returned. They may have worried whether those dying before Christ returned would be part of the kingdom of God. Paul answers that concern.<br><br>##### "Caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air"<br>This passage refers to a time when Jesus calls to himself those who have believed in him. Scholars differ on whether or not this refers to Christ's final glorious return. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br>
1TH 4 1 wk39 0 brothers Here "brothers" means fellow Christians.
1TH 4 1 u2lw figs-doublet 0 we encourage and exhort you Paul uses "encourage" and "exhort" to emphasize how strongly they encourage the believers. Alternate translation: "we strongly encourage you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TH 4 1 iij6 figs-activepassive 0 you received instructions from us This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "we taught you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TH 4 1 p4db figs-metaphor 0 you must walk Here "walk" is an expression for the way one is to live. Alternate translation: "you ought to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 4 2 vg16 figs-metaphor 0 through the Lord Jesus Paul speaks of his instructions as if they were given by Jesus himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 4 3 mw4j 0 you avoid sexual immorality "you stay away from sexually immoral acts"
1TH 4 4 f4ux 0 know how to possess his own vessel Possible meanings are 1) "know how to live with his own wife" or 2) "know how to control his own body"
1TH 4 5 x2t7 0 in the passion of lust "with wrongful sexual desire"
1TH 4 6 gn9i figs-gendernotations 0 no man Here "man" refers to a man or a woman. "no one" or "no person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TH 4 6 a9st figs-doublet 0 transgress and wrong This is a doublet stating the same idea in two ways to reinforce the concept. Alternate translation: "do wrong things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TH 4 6 q7bf figs-explicit 0 the Lord is an avenger This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "the Lord will punish the one who transgressed and will defend the one who was wronged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TH 4 6 d1ip 0 forewarned you and testified "told you beforehand and strongly warned against"
1TH 4 7 v3np figs-doublenegatives 0 God did not call us to uncleanness, but to holiness This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "God called us to cleanness and holiness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1TH 4 7 q4tj figs-inclusive 0 God did not call us The word "us" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1TH 4 8 mn5y 0 he who rejects this "whoever disregards this teaching" or "whoever ignores this teaching"
1TH 4 8 su51 0 rejects not people, but God Paul stresses that this teaching is not from man, but from God.
1TH 4 9 uxn8 0 brotherly love "love for fellow believers"
1TH 4 10 dec9 0 you do this for all the brothers who are in all Macedonia "you show love to the believers throughout Macedonia"
1TH 4 10 jcg3 0 brothers Here "brothers" means fellow Christians.
1TH 4 11 d2fg 0 to aspire "to try to"
1TH 4 11 j4c7 figs-metaphor 0 live quietly Paul uses the word "quietly" as a metaphor to describe living at peace in one's community and not causing strife. Alternate translation: "live in a calm and orderly way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 4 11 jmt9 figs-explicit 0 take care of your own responsibilities "do your own work" or "take care of the things that your are responsible to do." This may also imply that we should not gossip and interfere in other people's concerns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TH 4 11 bz8s figs-metaphor 0 work with your hands This is a metaphor for living a productive life. Alternate translation: "work at your own jobs to earn what you need to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 4 12 hp6g figs-metaphor 0 walk properly Here "walk" is a metaphor for "live" or "behave." Alternate translation: "behave properly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 4 12 yl36 0 properly in a way that shows respect to others and earns their respect
1TH 4 12 k59r figs-metaphor 0 before outsiders Paul speaks of those who do not believer in Christ as if they are outside of a place away from the believers. Alternate translation: "in the sight of those who do not believe in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 4 13 j68e 0 General Information: Paul talks about believers who have died, who are still alive, and those who will be alive when Christ returns.
1TH 4 13 d9g4 0 We do not want you to be uninformed This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "We want you to be informed" or "We want you to know"
1TH 4 13 wt7l 0 brothers Here "brothers" means fellow Christians.
1TH 4 13 zqz6 figs-euphemism 0 those who sleep Here "sleep" is a euphemism for being dead. Alternate translation: "those who have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1TH 4 13 r9f8 0 so that you do not grieve like the rest "because we do not want you grieve like the rest"
1TH 4 13 qt5b 0 grieve mourn, be sad about something
1TH 4 13 rl73 figs-explicit 0 like the rest who do not have hope "like people who do not confidence in the future promise." It can be stated clearly what those people do not have confidence about. Alternate translation: "like the people who are not sure that they will rise from the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TH 4 14 ybz6 figs-inclusive 0 if we believe Here "we" refers to Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1TH 4 14 kmk2 0 rose again "rose to live again"
1TH 4 14 bi9w figs-euphemism 0 those who have fallen asleep in him Here "fallen asleep" is a polite way to refer to having died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1TH 4 15 ni3m figs-metonymy 0 by the word of the Lord "Word" here is a metonym for "message." Alternate translation: "by means of understanding the teachings of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TH 4 15 b786 0 at the coming of the Lord "when the Lord returns"
1TH 4 16 ah7p 0 the Lord himself will descend "the Lord himself will come down"
1TH 4 16 z9ka 0 the archangel "the chief angel"
1TH 4 16 dr89 figs-explicit 0 the dead in Christ will rise first The "dead in Christ" are those believers who have passed away. Alternate translation: "those who believe in Jesus Christ, but who have already died, will rise first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TH 4 17 l5l1 figs-inclusive 0 we who are alive Here "we" refers to all believers who have not died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1TH 4 17 wvi8 0 with them The word "them" refers to the dead believers who were made alive again.
1TH 4 17 se1y 0 caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air "meet the Lord Jesus in the sky"
1TH 5 intro ay3d 0 # 1 Thessalonians 05 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul concludes his letter in a way that was typical of letters in the ancient Near East.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Day of the Lord<br>The exact time of the coming day of the Lord will be a surprise to the world. This is what the simile "like a thief in the night" means. Because of this, Christians are to live prepared for the coming of the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br><br>##### Quench the Spirit<br>This means to ignore or work against the Holy Spirit's guidance and work.<br>
1TH 5 1 i2vm figs-exclusive 0 General Information: In this chapter the words "we" and "us" refer to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, unless otherwise noted. Also, the word "you" is plural and refers to the believers at the church of Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1TH 5 1 z1s6 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues talking about the day Jesus will come back.
1TH 5 1 h84m 0 the times and seasons This refers to the events preceding the Lord Jesus' return.
1TH 5 1 uq3n 0 brothers Here "brothers" means fellow Christians.
1TH 5 2 mcq9 0 perfectly well "very well" or "accurately"
1TH 5 2 tmj3 figs-simile 0 like a thief in the night Just as one does not know which night a thief may come, we do not know when the day of the Lord will come. Alternate translation: "unexpectedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1TH 5 3 p1wi 0 When they say "When the people say"
1TH 5 3 f1xr figs-simile 0 like birth pains in a pregnant woman Just as a pregnant woman's birth pains come suddenly and do not stop until the birth is complete, the destruction will come, and people will not escape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1TH 5 4 rr9j 0 you, brothers Here "brothers" means fellow Christians.
1TH 5 4 b6lv figs-metaphor 0 are not in darkness Paul speaks of evil and ignorance about God as if they were darkness. Alternate translation: "you are not unknowing, like people who live in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 5 4 elp9 figs-simile 0 so that the day would overtake you like a thief The day when the Lord comes should not be a surprise to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1TH 5 5 zp3z figs-metaphor 0 For you are all sons of the light and sons of the day Paul speaks of the truth as if it were light and day. Alternate translation: "For you know the truth, like people who live in the light, like people during the day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 5 5 d6fm figs-metaphor 0 We are not sons of the night or the darkness Paul speaks of evil and ignorance about God as if they were darkness. Alternate translation: We are not unknowing, like people who live in the darkness, like people at night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 5 6 us6s figs-metaphor 0 let us not sleep as the rest do Paul speaks of spiritual unawareness as if it were sleep. Alternate translation: "let us not be like others who are not aware that Jesus is coming back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 5 6 gu51 figs-inclusive 0 let us The word "us" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1TH 5 6 d2aj figs-metaphor 0 keep watch and be sober Paul describes spiritual awareness as the opposite of sleep and drunkenness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 5 7 s253 figs-metaphor 0 For those who sleep do so at night Just as when people sleep and do not know what is happening, so the people of this world do not know that Christ will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 5 7 exa8 figs-metaphor 0 those who get drunk do so at night Paul is stating that it is at night when people become drunk, so when people are unaware of Christ's return they do not live a self-controlled life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 5 8 zj9r figs-inclusive 0 General Information: In verses 8-10 the word "we" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1TH 5 8 wh3g figs-metaphor 0 we belong to the day Paul speaks of knowing the truth about God as belonging to the day. Alternate translation: "we know the truth" or "we have received the light of truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 5 8 i8j1 figs-metaphor 0 we must stay sober Paul compares being sober to exercising self-control. Alternate translation: "let us exercise self-control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 5 8 ev6i figs-metaphor 0 put on faith and love as a breastplate As a soldier would put on a breastplate to protect his body, a believer who lives by faith and love will find protection. Alternate translation: "protect ourselves with faith and love" or "protect ourselves by trusting Christ and loving him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 5 8 fk6r figs-metaphor 0 the hope of salvation for our helmet As a helmet protects a soldier's head, assurance of salvation protects the believer. Alternate translation: "protect ourselves by being certain that Christ will save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 5 10 w59c figs-euphemism 0 whether we are awake or asleep These are polite ways of saying alive or dead. Alternate translation: "whether we are alive or dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1TH 5 11 r921 figs-metaphor 0 build each other up Here "build" is a metaphor that means encourage. Alternate translation: "encourage each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 5 12 pd47 0 General Information: Paul begins to give his final instructions to the church in Thessalonica.
1TH 5 12 rka4 0 brothers Here "brothers" means fellow believers.
1TH 5 12 ksp2 0 to acknowledge those who labor "to esteem and appreciate those who are involved in leading"
1TH 5 12 fqh3 0 who are over you in the Lord This refers to people God appointed to serve as leaders of the local group of believers.
1TH 5 13 c966 0 regard them highly in love because of their work Paul exhorts the believers to love and esteem their church leaders.
1TH 5 16 chw9 0 Rejoice always Paul is exhorting the believers to maintain a spiritual attitude of rejoicing in all things.
1TH 5 17 l63i 0 Pray without ceasing Paul is exhorting the believers to be vigilant in prayer.
1TH 5 18 z9gg 0 In everything give thanks Paul is exhorting the believers to express thankfulness in all things.
1TH 5 18 bt5q 0 In everything In all circumstances
1TH 5 18 l3sk 0 For this is the will of God Paul is referring to the behavior he just mentioned as being God's will for the believers.
1TH 5 19 j1ei 0 Do not quench the Spirit "Do not stop the Holy Spirit from working among you"
1TH 5 20 iv1n 0 Do not despise prophecies "Do not have contempt for prophecies" or "Do not hate anything the Holy Spirit tells someone"
1TH 5 21 wx69 0 Test all things "Make sure that all messages that seem to come from God truly come from him"
1TH 5 21 r12r figs-metaphor 0 Hold on to what is good Paul speaks of messages from the Holy Spirit as if they were objects that one could grasp in his hands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 5 23 gu2c 0 make you completely holy This refers to God making a person sinless and perfect in his sight.
1TH 5 23 s36k figs-activepassive 0 May your whole spirit, soul, and body be preserved without blame Here "spirit, soul, and body" represent the whole person. If your language does not have three words for these parts you can state it as "your whole life" or "you." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "May God make your whole life without sin" or "May God keep you completely blameless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TH 5 24 mq2u 0 Faithful is he who calls you "He is faithful who calls you"
1TH 5 24 c3jg 0 the one who will also do it "he will be helping you"
1TH 5 25 q8ki 0 General Information: Paul gives his closing statements.
1TH 5 26 qa1c 0 brothers Here "brothers" means fellow Christians.
1TH 5 27 n5cn figs-activepassive 0 I solemnly charge you by the Lord to have this letter read This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I urge you, as if the Lord were speaking to you, to have people read this letter" or "With the authority of the Lord I direct you to read this letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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