unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_61-1PE.tsv

Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
1PE	front	intro	c1uv	Introduction to 1 Peter		0		# Introduction to 1 Peter<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>#### Outline of 1 Peter<br><br>1. Introduction (1:1-2)<br>1. Praise for God's salvation of the believers (1:3-2:10)<br>1. Christian living (2:11-4:11)<br>1. Encouragement to persevere when suffering (4:12-5:11)<br>1. Closing (5:12-14)<br><br><br>#### Who wrote the Book of 1 Peter?<br><br>The Book of 1 Peter was written by the Apostle Peter. He wrote the letter to Gentile Christians scattered throughout Asia Minor.<br><br>#### What is the Book of 1 Peter about?<br><br>Peter stated that he wrote this letter for the purpose of "encouraging you and testifying that this is the true grace of God" (5:12).<br>He encouraged Christians to continue obeying God even when they are suffering. He told them to do this because Jesus will return soon. Peter also gave instructions about Christians submitting to persons in authority.<br><br>#### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title "1 Peter" or "First Peter." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The First Letter from Peter" or "The First Letter Peter Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>#### How were Christians treated in Rome?<br><br>Peter probably was in Rome when he wrote this letter. He gave Rome the symbolic name of "Babylon" (5:13). It appears that when Peter wrote this letter, Romans were badly persecuting Christians.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>#### Singular and plural "you"<br>In this book, the word "I" refers to Peter, except for two places: [1 Peter 1:16](../01/16.md) and [1 Peter 2:6](../02/06.md). The word "you" is always plural and refers to Peter's audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Peter?<br><br>* "You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth. This was for the purpose of sincere brotherly love; so love one another earnestly from the heart" (1:22). The ULT, UST, and most other modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, "You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth through the Spirit for the purpose of sincere brotherly love, so love one another earnestly from the heart."<br><br>If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])<br>
1PE	01	intro	ql4i	1 Peter 01 General Notes		0		# 1 Peter 01 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Peter formally introduces this letter in verses 1-2. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 1:24-25.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### What God reveals<br><br>When Jesus comes again, everyone will see how good God's people were to have faith in Jesus. Then God's people will see how gracious God has been to them, and all people will praise both God and his people.<br><br>##### Holiness<br><br>God wants his people to be holy because God is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>##### Eternity<br><br>Peter tells Christians to live for things that will last forever and not to live for the things of this world, which will end. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Peter writes that his readers are glad and sad at the same time ([1 Peter 1:6](./06.md)). He can say this because they are sad because they are suffering, but they are glad because they know that God will save them "in the last time" ([1 Peter 1:5](./05.md))<br>
1PE	01	01	g6b4			0	General Information:	Peter identifies himself as the writer and identifies and greets the believers to whom he is writing.
1PE	01	01	u3zc	figs-metaphor		0	the foreigners of the dispersion	Peter speaks of his readers as people who live away from their homes in many different countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	01	01	qkl8			0	Cappadocia ... Bithynia	Along with the other places that Peter mentions, "Cappadocia" and "Bithynia" were Roman provinces located in what is now the country of Turkey.
1PE	01	01	cf7b			0	the chosen ones	"the ones whom God the Father has chosen." God has chosen them according to his own foreknowledge.
1PE	01	02	a3gd			0	according to the foreknowledge of God the Father	"according to his own foreknowledge"
1PE	01	02	ba1h	figs-abstractnouns		0	the foreknowledge of God the Father	The abstract noun "foreknowledge" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Possible meanings are 1) God had determined what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: "what God the Father decided previously" or 2) God knew what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: "what God the Father knew beforehand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	01	02	i9kf	figs-metonymy		0	for the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ	Here "the blood" refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus' death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	01	02	z7df	figs-abstractnouns		0	May grace be to you, and may your peace increase	This passage speaks of grace as if it were an object that believers could possess, and of peace as if it were something that could increase in amount. Of course, grace is in reality the kind way God acts toward believers, and peace is how believers live in safety and joy with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	01	03	y6aq			0	General Information:	Peter begins to talk about the believers' salvation and faith. Here he elaborates on a metaphor in which what God promises to do for all believers is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he passes on to them.
1PE	01	03	cyf6	figs-inclusive		0	our Lord Jesus Christ ... has given us new birth	The words "our" and "us" refer to Peter and those to whom he is writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1PE	01	03	c92y			0	he has given us new birth	"he has caused us to be born again"
1PE	01	04	b2zy	figs-abstractnouns		0	This is for an inheritance	You can translate this using a verb. Alternate translation: "We confidently expect to receive an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	01	04	cy1g	figs-metaphor		0	inheritance	Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	01	04	vr9s	figs-metaphor		0	will not perish, will not become stained, and will not fade away	Peter uses three similar phrases to describe the inheritance as something that is perfect and eternal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	01	04	z6w4	figs-activepassive		0	It is reserved in heaven for you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God is reserving it in heaven for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	01	05	r4es	figs-activepassive		0	You are protected by God's power	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God is protecting you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	01	05	fw3p	figs-abstractnouns		0	by God's power	Here "power" is a way of saying that God is strong and able to protect believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	01	05	a4ab	figs-abstractnouns		0	through faith	Here "faith" refers to the fact that the believers trust in Christ. Alternate translation: "because of your faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	01	05	g4rb	figs-activepassive		0	that is ready to be revealed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that God is ready to reveal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	01	06	hy8d			0	You are very glad about this	The word "this" refers to all the blessings that Peter mentions in the previous verses.
1PE	01	07	vvp1	figs-metaphor		0	This is for the proving of your faith	In the same way in which fire refines gold, hardships test how well believers trust in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	01	07	ct3n			0	the proving of your faith	God wishes to test how well believers trust in Christ.
1PE	01	07	u63m			0	faith, which is more precious than gold that perishes, even though it is tested by fire	Faith is more valuable than gold, because gold does not last forever, even if it is refined in fire.
1PE	01	07	a6q4			0	your faith will be found to result in praise, glory, and honor	Possible meanings are 1) that "God will honor you very highly" because of your faith or 2) that "your faith will bring praise, glory, and honor" to God.
1PE	01	07	bkr9	figs-activepassive		0	at the revealing of Jesus Christ	"when Jesus Christ is revealed." This refers to the return of Christ. This can also be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: "when Jesus Christ appears to all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	01	08	eka3			0	joy that is inexpressible and filled with glory	"wonderful joy that words cannot describe"
1PE	01	09	j2qe	figs-synecdoche		0	the salvation of your souls	Here the word "souls" refers to the whole person. The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "your salvation" or "God saving you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	01	09	hw6y			0	salvation	This words presents the idea as if it were an object. In reality, "salvation" refers to the action of God saving us, or to what happens as a result.
1PE	01	10	p4p5			0	salvation ... grace	These words present two ideas as if they were things or objects. In reality, "salvation" refers to the action of God saving us, or to what happens as a result. Similarly, "grace" refers to the kind way in which God deals with believers.
1PE	01	10	yyz4	figs-doublet		0	searched and inquired carefully	The words "inquired carefully" mean basically the same thing as "searched." Together these words emphasize how hard the prophets tried to understand this salvation. Alternate translation: "examined very carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE	01	11	x5x8	Connecting Statement:		0		Peter continues talking about the prophets' search for salvation.
1PE	01	11	r5jf			0	They searched to know	"They tried to determine"
1PE	01	11	w3n8			0	the Spirit of Christ	This is a reference to the Holy Spirit.
1PE	01	12	x4b1	figs-activepassive		0	It was revealed to them	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God revealed to the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	01	12	xi4d			0	into which angels long to look	"that angels want to understand"
1PE	01	13	bjg9			0	So gird	"Because of this, gird." Peter uses the word "So" here to refer back to everything he has said about salvation, their faith, and the Spirit of Christ giving revelations to the prophets.
1PE	01	13	u87y	figs-idiom		0	gird up the loins of your mind	Girding up the loins refers to preparing to work hard. It comes from the custom of tucking the bottom of one's robe into a belt around the waist in order to move with ease. Alternate translation: "get your minds ready" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE	01	13	i56f	figs-idiom		0	Be sober	Here the word "sober" refers to mental clarity and alertness. Alternate translation: "Control your thoughts" or "Be careful about what you think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE	01	13	y771	figs-activepassive		0	the grace that will be brought to you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the grace that God will bring to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	01	13	ut69	figs-metaphor		0	the grace that will be brought to you	Here God's way of dealing kindly with believers is spoken of as if it were an object that he will bring to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	01	13	l45d	figs-activepassive		0	when Jesus Christ is revealed	This refers to when Christ returns. This can also be expressed with an active form. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: "when Jesus Christ appears to all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	01	14	e4tb	figs-idiom		0	do not conform yourselves to the desires	"do not desire the same things" Alternate translation: "do not live to gratify the desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE	01	16	m1q7	figs-activepassive		0	For it is written	This refers to God's message in the scripture. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "For as God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	01	16	s8kz			0	Be holy, because I am holy	Here the word "I" refers to God.
1PE	01	17	s6gv	figs-metaphor		0	go through the time of your journey	Peter speaks of his readers as if they were people living in a foreign land away from their home. Alternate translation: "use the time you are living away from your true home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	01	18	q4pc	figs-activepassive		0	you have been redeemed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has redeemed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	01	19	s4jd	figs-metonymy		0	the precious blood of Christ	Here "blood" stands for Christ's death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	01	19	gk6a	figs-simile		0	like a lamb without blemish or spot	Jesus died as a sacrifice so that God would forgive people's sins. Alternate translation: "like the lambs without blemish or spot that the Jewish priests sacrificed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1PE	01	19	smu8	figs-doublet		0	without blemish or spot	Peter expresses the same idea in two different ways to emphasize Christ's purity. Alternate translation: "with no imperfections" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE	01	20	msw5	figs-activepassive		0	Christ was chosen	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God chose Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	01	20	ky7a	figs-abstractnouns		0	before the foundation of the world	You can translate this with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "before God created the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	01	20	dkk2	figs-activepassive		0	he has been revealed to you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has revealed him to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	01	20	u7e3	figs-metaphor		0	he has been revealed to you	Peter does not mean that his readers actually saw Christ, but that they learned the truth about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	01	21	lt5u			0	who raised him from the dead	Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: "who caused him to live again so that he was no longer among the dead"
1PE	01	21	f7mn	figs-abstractnouns		0	and gave him glory	"and glorified him" or "and showed that he is glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	01	22	luj3	figs-synecdoche		0	You made your souls pure	Here the word "soul" refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "You made yourselves pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1PE	01	22	hj14	figs-metaphor		0	pure	Here the idea of cleanliness refers to being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	01	22	qyt5	figs-abstractnouns		0	by obedience to the truth	You can translate this using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "by obeying the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	01	22	j777			0	brotherly love	This refers to love between fellow believers.
1PE	01	22	e9wr	figs-metonymy		0	love one another earnestly from the heart	Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or emotions. To love someone "from the heart" means to love some one completely with total commitment. Alternate translation: "love one another earnestly and completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	01	23	w4v3	figs-metaphor		0	born again, not from perishable seed, but from imperishable seed	Possible meanings are that Peter speaks of the word of God either 1) as the seed of a plant that grows and produces new life in believers or 2) as the tiny cells inside a man or woman that combine to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	01	23	nh9r			0	imperishable seed	seed that will not rot or dry up or die
1PE	01	23	tjq9	figs-metonymy		0	through the living and remaining word of God	Peter speaks of God's word as if it were alive forever. In reality, it is God who lives forever, and whose instructions and promises last eternally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	01	24	kyc5			0	General Information:	In these verses Peter quotes a passage from the prophet Isaiah relating to what he has just said about them being born of imperishable seed.
1PE	01	24	dr75	figs-metonymy		0	All flesh is like grass, and all its	The word "flesh" refers to humanity. The prophet Isaiah compares humanity to grass that grows and dies quickly. Alternate translation: "All people will die like grass dies, and all their" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1PE	01	24	hd2f	figs-simile		0	glory is like the wild flower of the grass	Here the word "glory" refers to beauty or goodness. Isaiah compares the things that people consider to be good or beautiful about humanity to flowers that die quickly. Alternate translation: "goodness soon stops, just as flowers soon die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1PE	01	25	aba2			0	the word of the Lord	"the message that comes from the Lord"
1PE	01	25	s11j	figs-activepassive		0	the gospel that was proclaimed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the gospel that we proclaimed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	02	intro	a121	1 Peter 02 General Notes		0		# 1 Peter 02 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 2:6, 7, 8, and 22.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:10.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Stones<br><br>The Bible uses a building made of large stones as a metaphor for the church. Jesus is the cornerstone, the most important stone. The apostles and prophets are the foundation, the part of the building on which all the other stones rest. In this chapter, Christians are the stones that make up the walls of the building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cornerstone]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/foundation]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Milk and babies<br><br>When Peter tells his readers to "long for pure spiritual milk," he is using the metaphor of a baby craving his mother's milk. Peter wants Christians to crave God's word the same way a baby craves milk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
1PE	02	01	cch5	Connecting Statement:		0		Peter continues teaching his readers about holiness and obedience.
1PE	02	01	g65y	figs-metaphor		0	Therefore put aside all evil, all deceit, hypocrisy, envy, and all slander	These sinful actions are spoken of as if they were objects that people could throw away. The word "Therefore" here refers back to everything that Peter has said about being holy and obedient. Alternate translation: "So then, get rid of everything that is evil, and hypocrisy, and envy, and all slander" or "So then, stop being evil, or being deceptive, or being hypocritical, or envying, or slandering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	02	y6fv	figs-metaphor		0	As newborn infants, long for pure spiritual milk	Peter speaks of his readers as if they were babies. Babies requires very pure food, which they can digest easily. In the same way, believers need pure teaching from God's word. Alternate translation: "Just as babies long for their mother's breast milk, so you must yearn for pure spiritual milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	02	rm71			0	long for	"desire intensely" or "yearn for"
1PE	02	02	fn81	figs-metaphor		0	pure spiritual milk	Peter speaks of the word of God as if it were spiritual milk that nourished children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	02	vg76	figs-abstractnouns		0	you may grow in salvation	Here the word "salvation" refers to when God brings the salvation of his people to completion when Jesus returns (see [1 Peter 1:5](../01/05.md)). They were to increasingly act in ways that were consistent with this salvation. You can translate this with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "you may grow up spiritually until God saves you completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	02	02	ypy6	figs-metaphor		0	grow	Peter speaks of believers advancing in knowledge of God and faithfulness to him as if they were children growing up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	03	tui9	figs-metaphor		0	if you have tasted that the Lord is kind	Here to taste means to experience something personally. Alternate translation: "if you have experienced the Lord's kindness toward you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	04	sa2z	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	Peter begins to tell a metaphor about Jesus and the believers being living stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	04	c4lu	figs-metaphor		0	Come to him who is a living stone	Peter speaks of Jesus as if he were a stone in a building. Alternate translation: "Come to him who is like a stone in a building, but alive, not a dead stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	04	ihq2			0	who is a living stone	Possible meanings are 1) "who is a stone that is alive" or 2) "who is a stone that gives life."
1PE	02	04	e8sy	figs-activepassive		0	that has been rejected by people	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that people have rejected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	02	04	a438	figs-activepassive		0	but that has been chosen by God	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "but that God has chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	02	05	z11h	figs-metaphor		0	You also are ... being built up to be a spiritual house	Just as people used stones to build the temple in the Old Testament, believers are the materials that God is using to build a house in which he will live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	05	g33x	figs-simile		0	You also are like living stones	Peter compares his readers to stones that are alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1PE	02	05	v3jw	figs-activepassive		0	that are being built up to be a spiritual house	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that God is building into a spiritual house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	02	05	i4bn	figs-metonymy		0	a holy priesthood that offers the spiritual sacrifices	Here the position of priesthood stands for the priests who fulfill its duties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	02	06	ibi1	figs-metaphor		0	Scripture contains this	The scriptures are spoken of as if they were a container. This passage refers to the words that a person reads in scripture. Alternate translation: "This is what a prophet wrote in the scriptures long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	06	q7jx			0	See	The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1PE	02	06	klv2	figs-explicit		0	a cornerstone, chosen and valuable	God is the one who chose the stone. Alternate translation: "a most important cornerstone, which I have chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	02	06	xsx8	figs-metaphor		0	a cornerstone	The prophet speaks of the Messiah as the most important stone in a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	07	ze1c	Connecting Statement:		0		Peter continues quoting from the scriptures.
1PE	02	07	uu3j	figs-metaphor		0	the stone that was rejected ... has become the head of the corner	This is a metaphor that means people, like builders, rejected Jesus, but God has made him the most important stone in a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	02	07	i4jl	figs-activepassive		0	the stone that was rejected by the builders	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the stone that the builders rejected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	02	07	ql12			0	the head of the corner	This refers to the most important stone in a building and means basically the same thing as "cornerstone" in [1 Peter 2:6](../02/06.md).
1PE	02	08	ptx5	figs-explicit		0	A stone of stumbling and a rock that makes them fall	These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that people will take offense at this "stone," which refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: "a stone or a rock over which people will stumble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	08	h7ta			0	stumble because they disobey the word	Here "the word" refers to the gospel message. To disobey means that they do not believe. "stumble because they are not believing the message about Jesus"
1PE	02	08	sm6s	figs-activepassive		0	which is what they were appointed to do	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "for which God also appointed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	02	09	dc8m			0	General Information:	In verse 10 Peter quotes a verse from the prophet Hosea. Some modern versions do not format this as a quote, which is also acceptable.
1PE	02	09	zla9	figs-activepassive		0	a chosen people	You can clarify that God is the one who has chosen them. Alternate translation: "a people whom God has chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	02	09	g39z			0	a royal priesthood	Possible meanings are 1) "a group of kings and a group of priests" or 2) "a group of priests who serve the king."
1PE	02	09	qk7f			0	a people for God's possession	"a people who belong to God"
1PE	02	09	ra7z			0	who called you out	"who called you to come out"
1PE	02	09	nvf5	figs-metaphor		0	from darkness into his marvelous light	Here "darkness" refers to their condition as sinful people who did not know God, and "light" refers to their condition as people who do know God and practice righteousness. Alternate translation: "from a life of sin and ignorance of God to a life of knowing and pleasing him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	11	jnr9			0	General Information:	Peter begins to talk about how to live Christian lives.
1PE	02	11	ve9u	figs-doublet		0	foreigners and exiles	These two words mean basically the same thing. Peter speaks of his readers as people who are living in foreign lands away from their home. See how you translated "foreigners" in [1 Peter 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	11	ubn9	figs-metaphor		0	to abstain from fleshly desires	Here the idea of flesh refers to the sinful nature of humanity in this fallen world. Alternate translation: "to not to give in to sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	11	x3q5	figs-metonymy		0	make war against your soul	Here the word "soul" refers to a person's spiritual life. Peter speaks of sinful desires as soldiers that are trying to destroy the spiritual life of believers. Alternate translation: "seek to destroy your spiritual life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	12	b5nv	figs-abstractnouns		0	You should have good behavior	The abstract noun "behavior" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "You should behave well" or "You should behave in a good way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	02	12	mkt4			0	if they speak about you as	"if they accuse you of"
1PE	02	12	w3yn	figs-abstractnouns		0	they may observe your good works	The abstract noun "works" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "they may observe the good things that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	02	12	s2ji	figs-explicit		0	on the day of his coming	"on the day when he comes." This refers to the day when God will judge all people. Alternate translation: "when he comes to judge everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	02	13	c484			0	for the Lord's sake	Possible meanings are 1) that by obeying human authorities, they are obeying the Lord who established those authorities or 2) that by obeying human authorities, they will honor Jesus who also obeyed human authorities.
1PE	02	13	al6q			0	the king as supreme	"the king as the highest human authority"
1PE	02	14	y1l2	figs-activepassive		0	who are sent to punish	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "whom the king has sent to punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	02	15	mh6s			0	in doing good you silence the ignorant talk of foolish people	"by doing good you stop foolish people from speaking about things that they do not know"
1PE	02	16	y9pg	figs-metaphor		0	as a covering for wickedness	Peter speaks of their condition as free people as something that they should not use to hide sinful behavior. Alternate translation: "as an excuse to do wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	17	gwy8			0	the brotherhood	This refers to all Christian believers.
1PE	02	18	w2nc			0	General Information:	Peter begins to speak specifically to people who are servants in people's houses.
1PE	02	18	xgk8	figs-doublet		0	the good and gentle masters	Here the words "good" and "gentle" share similar meanings and emphasize that such masters treat their servants kindly. Alternate translation: "the very kind masters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE	02	18	a6gc			0	the malicious ones	"the cruel ones" or "the mean ones"
1PE	02	19	r1h1			0	it is praiseworthy	"it is deserving of praise" or "it is pleasing to God"
1PE	02	19	zm8e			0	endures pain ... because of his awareness of God	Possible meanings of the original passage are 1) that this person accepts suffering because he knows he is obeying God or 2) that this person is able to endure unjust punishment because he knows that God knows how he is suffering.
1PE	02	20	y5ue	figs-rquestion		0	For how much credit is there ... while being punished?	Peter asks this question to emphasize that there is nothing praiseworthy about suffering for doing something wrong. Alternate translation: "For there is no credit ... while being punished." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1PE	02	20	pr8b	figs-activepassive		0	while being punished	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "while someone punishes you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	02	20	ly9f	figs-activepassive		0	you suffer while being punished	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you suffer while someone punishes you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	02	21	c1jn	Connecting Statement:		0		Peter continues speaking to people who are servants in people's houses.
1PE	02	21	xit1	figs-activepassive		0	it is to this that you were called	Here the word "this" refers to believers enduring while suffering for doing good, as Peter has just described. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has called you to this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	02	21	si3l	figs-metaphor		0	for you to follow in his steps	"so that you would follow his footprints." Peter speaks of following Jesus' example in the way that they suffer as if one were walking on the same path that Jesus had taken. Alternate translation: "so that you would imitate his behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	02	22	tyz4	figs-activepassive		0	neither was any deceit found in his mouth	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "neither did anyone find deceit in his mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	02	22	lw1u	figs-metonymy		0	neither was any deceit found in his mouth	Here "deceit" refers to words that a person speaks that are intended to deceive other people. Alternate translation: "neither did he speak any lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	02	23	lj4a	figs-activepassive		0	When he was reviled, he did not revile back	To "revile" someone is to speak abusively to another person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "When people insulted him, he did not insult them back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	02	23	gqb5			0	gave himself to the one who judges justly	"he entrusted himself to the one who judges justly." This means that he trusted God to take away his shame, which had been put on him by those who treated him harshly.
1PE	02	24	k5fm	Connecting Statement:		0		Peter continues talking about Jesus Christ. He is still speaking to people who are servants.
1PE	02	24	k632	figs-rpronouns		0	He himself	This refers to Jesus, with emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1PE	02	24	w49m	figs-metonymy		0	carried our sins in his body to the tree	Here "carried our sins" means he suffered the punishment for our sins. Alternate translation: "suffered the punishment for our sins in his body on the tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	02	24	zl8e	figs-metonymy		0	the tree	This is a reference to the cross on which Jesus died, which was made of wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	02	24	ep4s	figs-activepassive		0	By his bruises you have been healed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has healed you because people bruised him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	02	25	sgt9	figs-simile		0	you had been wandering away like lost sheep	Peter speaks about his readers before they believed in Christ as if they had been similar to lost sheep wandering around aimlessly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1PE	02	25	i5lu	figs-metaphor		0	the shepherd and guardian of your souls	Peter speaks of Jesus as if he were a shepherd. Just as a shepherd protects his sheep, Jesus protects those who trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	03	intro	cqf4	1 Peter 03 General Notes		0		# 1 Peter 03 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 3:10-12.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "Outward ornaments"<br><br>Most people want to look good so other people will like them and think they are good people. Women are especially careful to look good by wearing nice clothes and jewels. Peter is saying that what a woman thinks and says and does are more important to God than how she looks.<br><br>##### Unity<br><br>Peter wanted his readers to agree with each other. More importantly, he wanted them to love each other and be patient with each other.<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Metaphor<br><br>Peter quotes a psalm that describes God as if he were a person with eyes, ears, and a face. However, God is a spirit, so he does not have physical eyes or ears or a physical face. But he does know what people do, and he does act against wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
1PE	03	01	p454			0	General Information:	Peter begins to speak specifically to women who are wives.
1PE	03	01	cj7z			0	In this way, you who are wives should submit to your own husbands	Just as believers are to "Obey every human authority" ([1 Peter 2:13](../02/13.md)) and servants are to "be subject" to their masters ([1 Peter 2:18](../02/18.md)), wives are to submit to their husbands. The words "Obey," "be subject," and "submit" translate the same word.
1PE	03	01	wp5p	figs-metonymy		0	some men are disobedient to the word	Here "the word" refers to the gospel message. To disobey means that they do not believe. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Peter 2:8](../02/08.md). Alternate translation: "some men do not believe the message about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	03	01	bs56	figs-idiom		0	they may be won	"they may be persuaded to believe in Christ." This means that the unbelieving husbands will become believers. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they may become believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	03	01	qp4q	figs-ellipsis		0	without a word	"without the wife saying a word." Here "a word" refers to anything the wife might speak about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1PE	03	02	zft4	figs-abstractnouns		0	they will have seen your sincere behavior with respect	The abstract noun "behavior" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "they will have seen that you behave sincerely and respectfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	03	02	ng3s			0	your sincere behavior with respect	Possible meanings are 1) "your sincere behavior toward them and the way that you honor them" or 2) "your pure behavior toward them and the way that you honor God."
1PE	03	03	p1bg	Connecting Statement:		0		Peter continues speaking to women who are wives.
1PE	03	03	z9xx			0	Let it be done	The word "it" refers to the wives' submission to and conduct towards their husbands.
1PE	03	04	l2yq	figs-metonymy		0	the inner person of the heart	Here the words "inner person" and "heart" refer to the inward character and personality of a person. Alternate translation: "what you really are on the inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE	03	04	gbw9			0	a gentle and quiet spirit	"a gentle and peaceful attitude." Here the word "quiet" means "peaceful" or "calm." The word "spirit" refers to a person's attitude or temperament.
1PE	03	04	j5bu	figs-metaphor		0	which is precious before God	Peter speaks of God's opinion of a person as if that person were standing directly in front of him. Alternate translation: "which God considers to be precious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	03	06	j1tp			0	called him her lord	said that he was her lord, that is, her master
1PE	03	06	t3xl	figs-metaphor		0	You are now her children	Peter says that believing women who act as Sarah acted can be thought of as if they were her actual children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	03	07	lbc2			0	General Information:	Peter begins to speak specifically to men who are husbands.
1PE	03	07	f5ay			0	In the same way	This refers back to how Sarah and other godly women obeyed their husbands in [1 Peter 3:5](../03/05.md) and [1 Peter 3:6](../03/06.md).
1PE	03	07	eq1z	figs-metaphor		0	wives according to understanding, as with a weaker container, a woman	Peter speaks of women as if they were containers, as men are sometimes also spoken of. The abstract noun "understanding" can also be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "wives, understanding that the woman is the weaker partner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	03	07	a88w	figs-abstractnouns		0	give them honor as fellow heirs of the grace of life	You can translate this using verbal phrases. Alternate translation: "honor them because they will also receive by grace the eternal life that God gives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	03	07	n4rf	figs-metaphor		0	heirs of the grace of life	Eternal life is often spoken of as if it were something that people inherit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	03	07	dv7t	figs-explicit		0	Do this	Here "this" refers to the ways husbands should treat their wives. Alternate translation: "Live with your wives in this way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	03	07	dwm6	figs-activepassive		0	so that your prayers will not be hindered	To "hinder" is to prevent something from happening. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that nothing will hinder your prayers" or "so that nothing will keep you from praying as you should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	03	08	nk97			0	General Information:	Peter begins to speak again to all of the believers.
1PE	03	08	f5y7			0	be likeminded	"have the same opinion and be" or "have the same attitude and be"
1PE	03	08	rut5			0	tenderhearted	being gentle and compassionate towards others
1PE	03	09	z5u3	figs-metaphor		0	Do not pay back evil for evil or insult for insult	Peter speaks of responding to the actions of another person as remitting payment for those actions. Alternate translation: "Do not do evil to someone who does evil to you or insult someone who insults you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	03	09	t6il	figs-explicit		0	continue to bless	You can clarify the object of blessing. Alternate translation: "continue to bless those who do evil to you or insult you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	03	09	w5df	figs-activepassive		0	for this you were called	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God called you for this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	03	09	n3xc	figs-metaphor		0	that you might inherit a blessing	Peter speaks of receiving God's blessing as receiving an inheritance. Alternate translation: "that you might receive God's blessing as your permanent possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	03	10	dpf2	figs-explicit		0	General Information:	In these verses Peter quotes from the Psalms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	03	10	p9bl	figs-parallelism		0	to love life and see good days	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the desire to have a good life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1PE	03	10	t5en	figs-metaphor		0	see good days	Here experiencing good things is spoken of as seeing good things. The word "days" refers to one's lifetime. Alternate translation: "experience good things during life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	03	10	wq2b	figs-parallelism		0	stop his tongue from evil and his lips from speaking deceit	The words "tongue" and "lips" refer to the person who is speaking. These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the command not to lie. Alternate translation: "stop saying evil and deceitful things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1PE	03	11	n5sr	figs-metaphor		0	Let him turn away from what is bad	Here "turn away" is a metaphor that means to stop doing something. Alternate translation: "Let him stop doing what is bad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	03	12	yn5l	figs-synecdoche		0	The eyes of the Lord see the righteous	The word "eyes" refers to the Lord's ability to know things. The Lord's approval of the righteous is spoken of as his seeing them. Alternate translation: "The Lord sees the righteous" or "The Lord approves of the righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	03	12	r5xf	figs-synecdoche		0	his ears hear their requests	The word "ears" refers to the Lord's awareness of what people say. That the Lord hears their requests implies that he also responds to them. Alternate translation: "he hears their requests" or "he grants their requests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	03	12	t22b	figs-synecdoche		0	the face of the Lord is against	The word "face" refers to the Lord's will to oppose his enemies. Opposing someone is spoken of as setting one's face against that person. Alternate translation: "the Lord opposes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	03	13	wkw4	Connecting Statement:		0		Peter continues teaching the believers how to live Christian lives.
1PE	03	13	e1ma	figs-rquestion		0	Who is the one who will harm you if you are eager to do what is good?	Peter asks this question to emphasize that it is unlikely that someone would harm them if they do good things. Alternate translation: "No one will harm you if you do good things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1PE	03	14	f6ch	figs-abstractnouns		0	suffer because of righteousness	You can translate this with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "suffer because you do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	03	14	xg3m	figs-activepassive		0	you are blessed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	03	14	f9u8	figs-parallelism		0	Do not fear what they fear. Do not be troubled	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that believers should not be afraid of those who persecute them. Alternate translation: "Do not be afraid of what people might do to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1PE	03	14	yz6y			0	what they fear	Here the word "they" refers to anyone who might try to harm those to whom Peter is writing.
1PE	03	15	ju58			0	Instead, set apart	"Instead of being troubled, set apart"
1PE	03	15	vgv7	figs-metaphor		0	set apart the Lord Christ in your hearts as holy	The phrase "set apart the Lord Christ ... as holy" is a metaphor for acknowledging Christ's holiness. Here "hearts" is a metonym for the "inner person." Alternate translation: "acknowledge within yourselves that the Lord Christ is holy" or "honor the Lord Christ as holy within yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	03	18	me4u	Connecting Statement:		0		Peter explains how Christ suffered and what Christ accomplished by suffering.
1PE	03	18	kz83	figs-inclusive		0	suffered for us	The word "us" includes the people Peter was writing to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1PE	03	18	g1xd	figs-metaphor		0	so that he would bring us to God	Peter probably means here that Christ died in order to create a close relationship between us and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	03	18	j5lh	figs-metaphor		0	He was put to death in the flesh	Here "flesh" refers to Christ's body; Christ was physically put to death. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "People put Christ to death physically" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	03	18	h6v4	figs-activepassive		0	he was made alive by the Spirit	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the Spirit made him alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	03	18	n7nh			0	by the Spirit	Possible meanings are 1) by the Holy Spirit's power or 2) in a spiritual existence.
1PE	03	19	hp82			0	By the Spirit, he went	Possible meanings are 1) "By the Holy Spirit's power, he went" or 2) "In his spiritual existence, he went."
1PE	03	19	ez3d			0	the spirits who are now in prison	Possible meanings of the word "spirits" are 1) "evil spirits" or 2) "spirits of the dead people."
1PE	03	20	s7qm	figs-personification		0	when the patience of God was waiting	The word "patience" is a metonym for God himself. Peter writes of God's patience as if it is a person. Alternate translation: "when God was waiting patiently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	03	20	c6mi	figs-activepassive		0	in the days of Noah, in the days of the building of an ark	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "during the time of Noah, when he was building an ark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	03	21	jti3			0	through the resurrection of Jesus Christ	"because of the resurrection of Jesus Christ." This phrase completes the thought, "This is a symbol of the baptism that saves you now."
1PE	03	22	g4qh	figs-metonymy		0	Christ is at the right hand of God	To be at the "right hand of God" is a symbol that God has given Jesus greatest honor and authority over all others. AT: "Christ is beside God in the place of honor and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	03	22	f6jq			0	submit to him	"submit to Jesus Christ"
1PE	04	intro	zh5n	1 Peter 04 General Notes		0		# 1 Peter 04 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 4:18.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Ungodly Gentiles<br><br>This passage uses the term "Gentiles" to refer to all ungodly people who are not Jews. It does not include Gentiles who have become Christians. "Sensuality, passion, drunkenness, carousings, wild parties, and disgusting acts of idolatry" were actions that characterized or typified the ungodly Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>##### Martyrdom<br>It is apparent that Peter is speaking to many Christians who are experiencing great persecution and are facing death for their beliefs.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "Let it" and "Let none" and "Let him" and "Let those"<br><br>Peter uses these phrases to tell his readers what he wants them to do. They are like commands because he wants his readers to obey. But it is as if he is telling one person what he wants other people to do.<br>
1PE	04	01	b8d4	Connecting Statement:		0		Peter continues to teach the believers about Christian living. He begins by giving a conclusion to his thoughts from the previous chapter about Christ's sufferings.
1PE	04	01	ess6			0	in the flesh	"in his body"
1PE	04	01	p2rv	figs-metaphor		0	arm yourselves with the same intention	The phrase "arm yourselves" makes readers think of soldiers who get their weapons ready for battle. It also pictures "the same intention" as a weapon or perhaps as a piece of armor. Here this metaphor means that believers should be determined in their mind to suffer as Jesus did. Alternate translation: "prepare yourselves with the same thoughts that Christ had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	04	01	vjw2			0	in the flesh	Here "flesh" means "body." Alternate translation: "in his body" or "while here on earth"
1PE	04	01	d66g			0	has ceased from sin	"has stopped sinning"
1PE	04	02	gbb6			0	for men's desires	for the things that sinful people normally desire
1PE	04	03	rp5p			0	drunken celebrations, having wild parties	These terms refer to activities in which people gather to drink alcohol excessively and behave in a shameful manner.
1PE	04	04	q6k6			0	floods of reckless behavior	These examples of wild, boundless sin are spoken of as if they were great floods of water that sweep over people.
1PE	04	04	w1d8			0	reckless behavior	doing everything they can to satisfy the desires of their bodies
1PE	04	05	xw39			0	the one who is ready to judge	Possible meanings are 1) "God, who is ready to judge" or 2) "Christ, who is ready to judge"
1PE	04	05	dx7v	figs-merism		0	the living and the dead	This means all people, whether they are still alive or have died. Alternate translation: "every person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1PE	04	06	u54m			0	the gospel was preached also to the dead	Possible meanings are 1) "the gospel was preached also to people who had already died" or 2) "the gospel was preached also to those who were alive but are now dead"
1PE	04	06	ql11	figs-activepassive		0	the gospel was preached	This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Christ preached. Alternate translation: "Christ preached the gospel" or 2) men preached. Alternate translation: "men preached the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	04	06	hsg6	figs-activepassive		0	they have been judged in the flesh as humans	This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) God judged them in this life on earth. Alternate translation: "God judged them in their bodies as humans" or 2) men judged them according to human standards. Alternate translation: "men judged them in their bodies as humans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	04	06	s72f	figs-euphemism		0	judged in the flesh as humans	This is a reference to death as the ultimate form of judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1PE	04	06	h154			0	live in the spirit the way God does	Possible meanings are 1) "live spiritually as God lives because the Holy Spirit will enable them to do so" or 2) "live according to God's standards by the power of the Holy Spirit"
1PE	04	07	e445			0	The end of all things	This refers to the end of the world at Christ's second coming.
1PE	04	07	qs1t	figs-metaphor		0	is coming	The end that will happen soon is spoken of as if it is physically coming closer in distance. Alternate translation: "will soon happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	04	07	ubd4	figs-parallelism		0	be of sound mind, and be sober in your thinking	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Peter uses them to emphasize the need to think clearly about life since the end of the world is near. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1PE	04	07	k5hh	figs-idiom		0	be sober in your thinking	Here the word "sober" refers to mental clarity and alertness. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: "control your thoughts" or "be careful about what you think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE	04	08	x6ac			0	Above all things	"Most importantly of all"
1PE	04	08	f1lr	figs-personification		0	for love covers a multitude of sins	Peter describes "love" as if it were a person who places a cover over the sins of others. Possible meanings are 1) "for a person who loves will not try to find out if another person has sinned" or 2) "for a person who loves will forgive the sins of other people, even if those sins are many" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	04	09	g3vw			0	Be hospitable	Show kindness to and welcome guests and travelers
1PE	04	10	xvj3	figs-explicit		0	As each one of you has received a gift	This refers to special spiritual abilities that God gives to believers. Alternate translation: "Because each one of you has received a special spiritual ability as a gift from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	04	11	ir6x	figs-activepassive		0	so that in all ways God would be glorified	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that in all ways you will glorify God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	04	11	wq9e			0	glorified	praised, honored
1PE	04	12	vw9s	figs-metaphor		0	the testing in the fire that has happened to you	In the same way that fire refines gold, trials test and refine a person's faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	04	13	rgb5	figs-doublet		0	rejoice and be glad	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. Alternate translation: "rejoice even more" or "be very glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE	04	13	mhj1			0	at the revealing of his glory	"when God reveals Christ's glory"
1PE	04	14	i6ul	figs-activepassive		0	If you are insulted for Christ's name	Here the word "name" refers to Christ himself. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "If people insult you because you believe in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	04	14	i1kq	figs-parallelism		0	the Spirit of glory and the Spirit of God	Both of these refer to the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: "the Spirit of glory, who is the Spirit of God" or "the glorious Spirit of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1PE	04	14	nx6p			0	is resting on you	is staying with you
1PE	04	15	nr6n			0	a meddler	This refers to a person who gets involved with the affairs of others without having a right to do so.
1PE	04	16	xm8z			0	with that name	"because he bears the name Christian" or "because people have recognized him as a Christian." The words "that name" refer to the word "Christian."
1PE	04	17	x9np	figs-metaphor		0	household of God	This phrase refers to believers, whom Peter speaks of as God's family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	04	17	c8ke	figs-rquestion		0	If it begins with us, what will be the outcome for those who do not obey God's gospel?	Peter use this question to emphasize that God's judgment will be more severe for people who reject the gospel than for believers. Alternate translation: "If it begins with us, the outcome for those who do not obey God's gospel will be much worse." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1PE	04	17	z9zc			0	what will be the outcome for those	"what will happen to those"
1PE	04	17	l3db			0	those who do not obey God's gospel	"those who do not believe God's gospel." Here the word "obey" means to believe.
1PE	04	18	w8ke	figs-rquestion		0	the righteous ... what will become of the ungodly and the sinner?	Peter use this question to emphasize that sinners will suffer much more than believers do. Alternate translation: "the righteous man ... the outcome will be much worse for the ungodly and the sinner." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1PE	04	18	ms54			0	what will become of the ungodly and the sinner	"what will happen to the ungodly and the sinner"
1PE	04	18	t762	figs-activepassive		0	If it is difficult for the righteous to be saved	Here the word "saved" refers to final salvation when Christ returns. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "If the righteous person experiences many difficulties before God saves him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	04	18	wb4v	figs-doublet		0	the ungodly and the sinner	The words "ungodly" and "sinner" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the wickedness of these people. Alternate translation: "ungodly sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE	04	19	qm3u	figs-synecdoche		0	entrust their souls	Here the word "souls" refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "entrust themselves" or "entrust their lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1PE	04	19	wih1	figs-abstractnouns		0	in well-doing	The abstract noun "well-doing" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "while they do good" or "while they live rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	05	intro	a6d9	1 Peter 05 General Notes		0		# 1 Peter 05 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Most people in the ancient Near East would end a letter the way Peter ends this one.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Crowns<br><br>The crown that the Chief Shepherd will give is a reward, something that people who do something especially good receive. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Lion<br><br>All animals are afraid of lions because they are fast and strong, and they eat almost every other kind of animal. They also eat people. Satan wants to make God's people afraid, so Peter uses the simile of a lion to teach his readers that Satan can harm their bodies, but if they trust in God and obey him, they will always be God's people, and God will care for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br><br>##### Babylon<br><br>Babylon was the evil nation that in Old Testament times had destroyed Jerusalem, taken the Jews away from their homes, and ruled over them. Peter uses Babylon as a metaphor for the nation that was persecuting the  Christians he was writing to. He could have been referring to Jerusalem because the Jews were persecuting the Christians. Or he could have been referring to Rome because the Romans were persecuting the Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
1PE	05	01	s8fr			0	General Information:	Peter speaks specifically to men who are elders.
1PE	05	01	yb3l	figs-activepassive		0	the glory that will be revealed	This is a reference to Christ's second coming. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the glory of Christ that God will reveal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	05	02	a5s7	figs-metaphor		0	Be shepherds of God's flock	Peter speaks of the believers as a flock of sheep and the elders as the shepherds who care for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	05	03	lta9	figs-metaphor		0	Do not act as a master over the people ... Instead, be an example	Elders are to lead by example and not act toward the people as a harsh master would toward his servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	05	03	xwr3	figs-abstractnouns		0	who are in your care	You can translate this using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "whom God has placed in your care" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	05	04	td11	figs-metaphor		0	Then when the Chief Shepherd is revealed	Peter speaks of Jesus as if he were a shepherd who had authority over all other shepherds. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "When Jesus, the Chief Shepherd, appears" or "When God reveals Jesus, the Chief Shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	05	04	ll4r	figs-metaphor		0	an unfading crown of glory	Here the word "crown" represents the reward that someone receives as a symbol of victory. The word "unfading" means that it is eternal. Alternate translation: "a glorious prize that will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	05	04	c6h3			0	of glory	glorious
1PE	05	05	qm2h			0	General Information:	Peter gives an instruction specifically to younger men and then continues to instruct all of the believers.
1PE	05	05	x6c2			0	In the same way	This refers back to the way the elders were to submit to the Chief Shepherd as Peter described in [1 Peter 5:1](../05/01.md) through [1 Peter 5:4](../05/04.md).
1PE	05	05	uh4n			0	All of you	This refers to all believers, not just the younger men.
1PE	05	05	r6s6	figs-metaphor		0	clothe yourselves with humility	Peter speaks of having the moral quality of humility as putting on a piece of clothing. Alternate translation: "act humbly toward each other" or "act with humility" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	05	06	bie6	figs-metonymy		0	under God's mighty hand so	Here the word "hand" refers to God's power to save the humble and punish the proud. Alternate translation: "under God's great power so" or "before God, realizing that he has great power, so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	05	07	c1uu	figs-metaphor		0	Cast all your anxiety on him	Peter speaks of anxiety as if it were a heavy burden that a person places on God, rather than carrying it himself. Alternate translation: "Trust him with everything that worries you" or "Let him take care of all the things that trouble you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	05	08	k9nt	figs-idiom		0	Be sober	Here the word "sober" refers to mental clarity and alertness. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: "Control your thoughts" or "Be careful about what you think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE	05	08	tl7i	figs-simile		0	the devil, is stalking around like a roaring lion ... looking for someone to devour	Peter compares the devil to a roaring lion. Just as a hungry lion completely devours its prey, the devil is seeking to completely destroy the faith of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1PE	05	08	l4u5			0	stalking around	"walking about" or "walking about and hunting"
1PE	05	09	c5z9	figs-metonymy		0	Stand against him	Standing is a metonym for fighting. Alternate translation: "Fight against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	05	09	v451	figs-metaphor		0	your community	Peter speaks of fellow believers as members of the same community. Alternate translation: "your fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	05	09	i4ur			0	in the world	"in various places throughout the world"
1PE	05	10	eex1			0	General Information:	This is the end of Peter's letter. Here he gives his final remarks about his letter and his closing greetings.
1PE	05	10	suu9			0	for a little while	"for a short time"
1PE	05	10	p648			0	the God of all grace	Here the word "grace" may refer either to the things that God gives or to God's character. Possible meanings are 1) "the God who always gives us what we need" or 2) "the God who is always gracious."
1PE	05	10	lwz6			0	who called you to his eternal glory in Christ	"who chose you to share his eternal glory in heaven because you are joined to Christ"
1PE	05	10	qf2h			0	perfect you	"make you perfect" or "restore you" or "make you well again"
1PE	05	10	j2nt	figs-metaphor		0	establish you, and strengthen you	These two expressions have similar meanings, that is, that God will enable the believers to trust in him and to obey him regardless of any suffering they may experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	05	12	an6q			0	I have written to you briefly through him	Silvanus wrote the words that Peter told him to write in the letter.
1PE	05	12	g1t6	figs-metonymy		0	what I have written is the true grace of God	"I have written about the true grace of God." Here the word "grace" refers to the gospel message, which tells of the kind things that God has done for believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	05	12	nm72	figs-metaphor		0	Stand in it	The word "it" refers to "the true grace of God." Being strongly committed to this grace is spoken of as standing firmly in one place, refusing to move. Alternate translation: "Remain strongly committed to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	05	13	muq7	writing-symlanguage		0	The woman who is in Babylon	Here "The woman" probably refers to the group of believers who live in "Babylon." Possible meanings for "Babylon" are 1) it is a symbol for the city of Rome, 2) it is a symbol for anywhere that Christians are suffering, or 3) it refers literally to the city of Babylon. It most likely refers to the city of Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1PE	05	13	rpf5	figs-activepassive		0	who is chosen together with you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "whom God has chosen as he has chosen you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	05	13	ws2x	figs-metaphor		0	my son	Peter speaks of Mark as if he is his spiritual son. Alternate translation: "my spiritual son" or "who is like a son to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	05	14	fc7b			0	a kiss of love	"a loving kiss" or "a kiss to show your love for each other"