AMO front intro ih42 0 # Introduction to Amos<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>#### Outline of the Book of Amos<br><br>1. Amos introduced (1:1)<br>1. Yahweh judges the nations (1:2-2:16)<br>- The surrounding nations (1:2–2:3)<br>- The southern kingdom (2:4–5)<br>- The northern kingdom (2:6–16)<br>1. Amos prophesies against the people of Israel (3:1–6:14)<br>1. Yahweh shows Amos several visions (7:1-9:10)<br>1. Israel is to be restored (9:11–15)<br><br>#### What is the Book of Amos about?<br><br>The Book of Amos contains the words of Amos, a shepherd of Tekoa. Amos began to prophesy about 760 BC. He spoke Yahweh's messages against God's people behaving wickedly. He spoke messages to both the southern kingdom of Judah and the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>Yahweh gave Amos prophecies of judgment (Chapters 1-6) to proclaim to the people. Each of them begins with the phrase "This is what Yahweh says" (ULT).<br><br>Three visions of Yahweh coming to judge the people are in the last part of the book (7:1-9:10). A final vision promises that Yahweh will restore Israel (9:11-15). He will restore the "tent of David." This means a descendant of David would once again be king over Israel.<br><br>#### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The traditional title of this book is "The Book of Amos" or just "Amos." Translators may also call it the "The Book of the Sayings of Amos." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>#### Who wrote the Book of Amos?<br><br>The prophet Amos probably wrote this book. He lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. Amos came from a poor family. They grew sycamore trees (7:14, 15) and were shepherds ([Amos 1:1](../../amo/01/01.md)). Though Amos was not trained as a prophet, he knew and understood the law of Moses. Also, Amos skillfully used expressive and meaningful words.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>#### How is justice described in Amos?<br><br>Justice is an important theme in the Book of Amos. Justice means people treating others fairly according to the law of Yahweh. People in Israel were oppressing and taking advantage of poor people, orphans, and widows. Amos explained that Yahweh would prefer that the people act justly rather than sacrifice to him. Truly obeying the law of Moses meant being just to other people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>#### What is a lawsuit?<br><br>Many cultures have a process for resolving disputes through the use of courts. These legal disputes are called lawsuits. Amos uses various legal terms. Part of the book presents events in a courtroom. The people are introduced, the problem is explained, the people are examined, witnesses speak, and a verdict is given.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>#### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"?<br><br>The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was a son of Isaac. God changed Jacob's name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. In Amos, "Israel" almost always refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])<br><br>#### Where do the various narratives begin and end?<br><br>The structure of the Book of Amos may make it difficult to understand where Amos ends one thought and begins another. It may be helpful to solve these issues with carefully divided lines or paragraphs.<br>
AMO 01 intro v72p 0 # Amos 01 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This book is written in a poetic form. Because it was written by a farmer, it includes many references to agricultural concepts.<br><br>##### "For three sins of Judah, even for four"<br>The phrase "For three sins of Judah, even for four," is used to begin each oracle. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
AMO 01 01 zsg5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: God speaks through Amos using poetic language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
AMO 01 01 e8f1 figs-activepassive 0 These are the things concerning Israel that Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa, received in revelation This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "These are the things concerning Israel that God revealed to Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 01 01 qz81 0 These are the things "This is the message"
AMO 01 01 a358 translate-names 0 in Tekoa "Tekoa" is the name of a town or village. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 01 01 t6dv figs-activepassive 0 He received these things This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God gave him these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 01 01 ffc4 figs-idiom 0 in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and also in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash king of Israel The words "in the days of" is an idiom and refers to the time when each king reigned. Alternate translation: "when Uzziah was king of Judah, and also when Jeroboam son of Joash was king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
AMO 01 01 vmr4 figs-explicit 0 two years before the earthquake The assumed knowledge is that the original hearers would be aware of when a large earthquake had affected the area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 01 02 x1sx figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh will roar from Zion; he will raise his voice from Jerusalem These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that Yahweh shouts loudly as he prepares to judge the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
AMO 01 02 q17j figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will roar The author speaks of the voice of Yahweh as if it sounded like the roar of a lion or the roar of thunder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 01 02 ws32 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
AMO 01 03 rk7r 0 For three sins of ... even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but it indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment.
AMO 01 03 rpv5 figs-metonymy 0 Damascus Here "Damascus" represents the people of the city of Damascus. Alternate translation: "the people of Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 01 03 cnr9 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. Alternate translation: "I will certainly punish those people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
AMO 01 03 b7ie figs-idiom 0 they threshed Gilead with instruments of iron Yahweh speaks of how Damascus treated Gilead as if they had threshed grain with iron tools or weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
AMO 01 03 z99i figs-metonymy 0 Gilead Here "Gilead" represents the people of the region of Gilead. Alternate translation: "the people of Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 01 04 viv5 figs-metaphor 0 I will send a fire into the house of Hazael Here Yahweh speaks of his judgment against the house of Hazael as if it were a consuming fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 01 04 h2l1 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Hazael The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Hazael's descendants, who were rulers of the country where Damascus was located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 01 04 ik4f figs-metaphor 0 it will devour the fortresses of Ben Hadad Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 01 04 yi4i translate-names 0 Hazael ... Ben Hadad These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 01 05 j6ku figs-metaphor 0 cut off the man Here to "cut off" means either to destroy or to drive away, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: "destroy the man" or "drive away the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 01 05 na9l translate-names 0 Valley of Aven This is the name of a place that means "valley of wickedness." Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or 2) this is a metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: "the valley of wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 01 05 aji7 figs-metonymy 0 the man who holds the scepter in This is a metonym for the ruler of that city or region. Alternate translation: "the ruler of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 01 05 q6cf translate-names 0 Beth Eden This is the name of a place that means "house of pleasure." Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or 2) this is another metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: "the house of pleasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 01 05 zgv6 translate-names 0 Kir This is the name of a region from which the people of Aram originally came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 01 06 wc1b 0 For three sins of ... even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but it indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
AMO 01 06 ir17 figs-metonymy 0 Gaza Here "Gaza" represents the people of the region of Gaza. Alternate translation: "the people of Gaza" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 01 06 pd54 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
AMO 01 06 mxg6 0 hand them over to "deliver them up to" or "sell them to"
AMO 01 06 s4mb figs-metonymy 0 Edom Here "Edom" represents the people of the country of Edom. Alternate translation: "the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 01 07 s2fy figs-metaphor 0 it will devour her fortresses Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 01 08 pn5f figs-metaphor 0 cut off the man Here to "cut off" means either to destroy or to drive away, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: "destroy the man" or "drive away the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 01 08 z6mc figs-metonymy 0 the man who holds the scepter This is a metonym for the ruler of that city or region. Alternate translation: "the ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 01 08 m7rn figs-metonymy 0 I will turn my hand against Ekron Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power that he would use against Ekron. Alternate translation: "I will strike Ekron" or "I will destroy Ekron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 01 08 w6im figs-metonymy 0 Ekron Here "Ekron" represents the people of the city of Ekron. Alternate translation: "the people of Ekron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 01 09 dw8j 0 For three sins of ... even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
AMO 01 09 m576 figs-metonymy 0 Tyre Here "Tyre" represents the people of the city of Tyre. Alternate translation: "the people of Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 01 09 s55w figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
AMO 01 09 a5jh 0 their covenant of brotherhood "the agreement they made to treat you as brothers"
AMO 01 10 q6k1 figs-metaphor 0 it will devour her fortresses Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 01 11 a393 0 For three sins of ... even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
AMO 01 11 re3j figs-metonymy 0 Edom Here "Edom" represents the people of the country of Edom. Alternate translation: "the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 01 11 y8u9 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
AMO 01 11 t3ng figs-explicit 0 he pursued his brother The assumed knowledge is that Esau, from whom the people of Edom were descended, was the brother of Jacob, from whom the people of Israel were descended. Here "his brother" represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "he pursued the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 01 11 we19 0 cast off all pity "showed them no mercy"
AMO 01 11 hrl2 figs-parallelism 0 His anger raged continually, and his wrath lasted forever These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize his continued anger. The abstract nouns "anger" and "wrath" can be translated using the adjectives "angry" and "furious." Alternate translation: "He was continually angry and always furious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
AMO 01 11 e4yz figs-hyperbole 0 his wrath lasted forever This is an exaggeration that is meant to express the ongoing nature of his wrath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
AMO 01 12 u6m8 translate-names 0 Teman ... Bozrah These are names of places. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]
AMO 01 12 rv98 figs-metaphor 0 it will devour the palaces of Bozrah Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the palaces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 01 13 cc91 0 For three sins of ... even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
AMO 01 13 qdx6 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
AMO 01 13 b1tz 0 enlarge their borders "extend their boundaries" or "expand their territory"
AMO 01 14 i3cd figs-metaphor 0 it will devour the palaces Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the palaces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 01 14 hpu5 figs-metaphor 0 with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind The fighting against the people of Ammon is spoken of as if it were a violent storm. Alternate translation: "and the fighting will be like a great storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 01 14 xh9x 0 tempest ... whirlwind These are two kinds of violent storms.
AMO 01 14 zf7h 0 whirlwind a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage
AMO 01 15 s4xt figs-abstractnouns 0 Their king will go into captivity The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as the verb "capture." This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Their enemies will capture their king and take him away as a prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 02 intro ibd6 0 # Amos 02 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter consists of oracles against Moab and Judah by using poetic language and imagery. But the UST translates it using prose. If possible, translate this chapter as poetry, but you may translate as narrative.<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Idiom<br>You will notice that the phrase "For three sins of Judah, even for four," is used to begin each of these oracles. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
AMO 02 01 g1vl 0 For three sins of ... even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
AMO 02 01 uc48 figs-metonymy 0 Moab This represents the Moabite people. Alternate translation: "the people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 02 01 pft8 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
AMO 02 01 w5dg 0 he burned the bones The word "he" refers to Moab. Alternate translation: "the people of Moab burned the bones"
AMO 02 02 j3zn translate-names 0 Kerioth This is the name of a city or town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 02 02 w2hn figs-metonymy 0 Moab will die Here "Moab" represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: "The people of Moab will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 02 02 zm8i 0 in an uproar An uproar is a very loud noise.
AMO 02 03 c3j7 0 the judge in her "the ruler of Moab"
AMO 02 03 bj82 0 all the princes "all the officials" or "all the leaders"
AMO 02 04 fu1p 0 For three sins of ... even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
AMO 02 04 csn5 figs-metonymy 0 Judah This represents the people of Judah. Alternate translation: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 02 04 gt89 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he will punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
AMO 02 04 d67w figs-metaphor 0 Their lies This expression here probably refers to worshiping false gods or idols. Alternate translation: "Their worship of idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 02 04 p387 figs-metaphor 0 go astray ... walked Worshiping false gods is spoken of as if people were walking behind them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 02 05 h9pg figs-metaphor 0 it will devour the fortresses of Jerusalem Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 02 06 c6wx 0 For three sins of ... even for four This is a poetic device. It does not meaan that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many of sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
AMO 02 06 w27a figs-metonymy 0 Israel This represents the Israelite people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 02 06 pk79 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
AMO 02 06 py15 figs-nominaladj 0 the innocent This refers to innocent people in general. Alternate translation: "innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 02 06 pb42 figs-nominaladj 0 the needy This refers to needy people in general. Alternate translation: "needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 02 07 sm8l 0 General Information: The word "they" in these verses refers to the people of Israel.
AMO 02 07 v5te figs-simile 0 They trample on the heads of the poor as people trample on dust on the ground How the people of Israel treated the poor is compared to how people step heavily on the ground (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
AMO 02 07 zrt7 0 trample repeatedly step heavily or roughly
AMO 02 07 fx7m figs-nominaladj 0 the poor This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 02 07 q5bc figs-idiom 0 they push the oppressed away This idiom means they refused to listen when the oppressed people said they were being treated unfairly (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
AMO 02 07 lck3 figs-nominaladj 0 the oppressed This refers to oppressed people in general. Alternate translation: "oppressed people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 02 07 jl29 figs-euphemism 0 go in to the same girl This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: "hav sexual relations with the same girl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
AMO 02 08 r53c figs-activepassive 0 those who were fined This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "those who they made to pay a penalty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 02 09 m3ct 0 General Information: The words "them" and "you" in these verses both refer to the people of Israel.
AMO 02 09 f6cf figs-hyperbole 0 whose height was like the height of cedars; he was strong as the oaks This is an exaggeration. It describes how tall and strong the Amorite people were and compares them to the tallest and strongest trees in that region. Alternate translation: "who were tall and strong like great trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
AMO 02 09 md8t 0 cedars cedar trees
AMO 02 09 zc8z 0 oaks oak trees
AMO 02 09 b3lg figs-idiom 0 Yet I destroyed his fruit above and his roots below How Yahweh completely destroyed the Amorites is pictured as a tree being destroyed from top to bottom. Alternate translation: "Yet I destroyed them completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
AMO 02 11 xf7b 0 General Information: The words "your" and "you" in these verses refer to the people of Israel.
AMO 02 11 hfp4 figs-activepassive 0 Is it not so, people of Israel? Yahweh asks this question to emphasize what he has said. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "You people of Israel certainly know that what I have said is true!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 02 11 ar32 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh's declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 02 13 gch1 0 General Information: The word "you" in these verses refers to the people of Israel.
AMO 02 13 pae9 0 Look This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"
AMO 02 13 ak7p figs-simile 0 I will crush you as a cart that is full of grain can crush someone Yahweh compares his judgment on the people of Israel to crushing them with something very heavy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
AMO 02 14 x39h figs-nominaladj 0 The swift ... the strong ... the mighty These adjectives refer to people in general. Alternate translation: "Swift people ... strong people ... mighty people" or "The strong person ... the strong person ... the mighty person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 02 15 qs5b 0 The archer will not stand Here "stand" means to keep one's place in battle.
AMO 02 15 q2w6 figs-explicit 0 the fast runner will not escape The implied information is that the fast runner will not escape from his enemies. Alternate translation: "the fast runner will be captured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 02 16 c22v figs-metonymy 0 flee naked Possible meanings are 1) this is a metonym for "run away without his weapons" or 2) this is meant literally as "run away wearing no clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 02 16 i9l6 0 in that day "at that time"
AMO 02 16 szp1 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh's declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 03 intro gtz5 0 # Amos 03 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Amos continues to use poetic form in this chapter to prophesy the disaster coming to the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Rhetorical Questions<br>This chapter begins with a number of rhetorical questions. The last question provides the reader with some answers: "Yahweh has certainly spoken through his prophets. So listen to them." The answer to these rhetorical questions have the expected response of "no" because they are things that are not expected to happen. The writer is helping the reader to conclude that God uses the prophets to speak his message.<br>
AMO 03 01 em48 0 Hear this word "Hear this message" or "Listen to this message"
AMO 03 01 k2d9 0 that Yahweh has spoken against you ... against the whole family "this word that Yahweh has spoken about you ... about the whole family" or "Yahweh's message about you ... about the whole family"
AMO 03 01 kc3z 0 you, people of Israel ... the whole family that I brought up out of the land of Egypt These two phrases refer to the same group of people. The people God is speaking to are the descendants of those he had taken out of Egypt.
AMO 03 01 kg5e figs-metonymy 0 the whole family Here "the whole family" represents to the whole nation. The people of Israel were all descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: "the whole nation" or "the whole clan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 03 02 zb95 figs-explicit 0 I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth This implies that they should have obeyed him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth, so you should have obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 03 02 d1zb figs-metonymy 0 all the families of the earth Here "families" represents nations or people groups. Alternate translation: "all the nations of the earth" or "all the clans on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 03 02 a52d figs-explicit 0 Therefore I will punish you for all your sins It can be stated clearly that they did not obey God. Alternate translation: "But you did not obey me. Therefore I will punish you for all your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 03 03 c422 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Amos uses the questions in verses 3-6 to present examples of things that people already know about what causes things to happen and what are the results of things that happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 03 03 bg7x figs-rquestion 0 Will two walk together unless they have agreed? Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what must happen in order for two people to walk together. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Two people will walk together only if they have first agreed to walk together." or "You know that two people will walk together only if they have agreed to do that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 03 04 hd72 figs-rquestion 0 Will a lion roar in the forest when he has no victim? Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a lion to roar. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "A lion will roar in the forest only when he has a victim." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 03 04 h1hn figs-rquestion 0 Will a young lion growl from his den if he has caught nothing? Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a lion to growl. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "A young lion will growl from his den only if he has caught something." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 03 05 cw5t figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Amos uses the questions in verses 3-6 to present examples of things that people already know about what causes things to happen and what are the results of things that happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 03 05 v6h4 figs-rquestion 0 Can a bird fall in a trap on the ground when no bait is set for him? Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a bird to fall into a trap. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "A bird can fall into a trap on the ground only when bait has been set for him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 03 05 j71c figs-rquestion 0 Will a trap spring up from the ground when it has not caught anything? Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a trap to spring up. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "A trap will spring up from the ground only when it has caught something." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 03 05 n19f 0 Will a trap spring up from the ground This refers to a trap closing. When an animal steps on a trap, the trap closes and the animal cannot get out of it. Alternate translation: "Will a trap close"
AMO 03 06 u2xq figs-rquestion 0 If a trumpet sounds in a city, will the people not tremble? Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what happens when a trumpet sounds. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "When the trumpet sounds in the city, the people will tremble." or "When the trumpet sounds in the city, we expect that people will tremble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 03 06 yr88 figs-explicit 0 If a trumpet sounds in a city The purpose of sounding the trumpet is to warn people that enemies are about to attack the city. Alternate translation: "If someone blows the trumpet in the city to warn the people about an enemy attack" or "If the warning trumpet is blown in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 03 06 y7gn figs-explicit 0 tremble The reason for trembling can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "tremble because they are afraid" or "be afraid of the enemy and tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 03 06 h6pa figs-rquestion 0 If disaster overtakes a city, has Yahweh not sent it? Amos uses this question to remind the people of what they should already know about what causes a disaster. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "If disaster overtakes a city, Yahweh has sent it." or "If disaster overtakes a city, we know that Yahweh has sent it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 03 06 ffj9 figs-metaphor 0 If disaster overtakes a city, Something terrible happening to a city is spoken of as if disaster overtakes it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 03 07 rg1r figs-explicit 0 Surely the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless ... the prophets The relationship between this sentence and the rhetorical questions in [Amos 3:3](../03/03.md) to [Amos 3:6](./06.md) can be shown with the words "So also." Alternate translation: "So also, the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless ... the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 03 07 v3ey figs-doublenegatives 0 Surely the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless he reveals ... prophets This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: "Surely the Lord Yahweh will reveal ... prophets before he does anything" or "So also, the Lord will punish people only if he has revealed his plan to his servants the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
AMO 03 08 b8bk figs-rquestion 0 The lion has roared; who will not fear? Amos uses this question to remind people of what people do when a lion roars. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "The lion has roared; so we know that everyone will be afraid." or "The lion has roared; so of course everyone will be afraid." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 03 08 ext3 figs-rquestion 0 The Lord Yahweh has spoken; who will not prophesy? Amos uses this question to emphasize what people should already know about what prophets do when God speaks. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "The Lord Yahweh has spoken; so we know that the prophets will prophesy." or "The Lord Yahweh has spoken; so of course the prophets will prophesy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 03 09 lte7 0 Assemble yourselves This command is to Israel's enemies in Ashdod and Egypt.
AMO 03 09 qpm1 figs-personification 0 see what great confusion is in her The word "her" refers to the city of Samaria. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
AMO 03 09 s3x8 figs-explicit 0 what great confusion is in her Here "great confusion is in her" refers to people's fear because of the fighting and rioting there. The word "confusion" can be translated with a verbal phrase to make this meaning explicit. Alternate translation: "how the people in Samaria riot" or "how the people in Samaria fight against one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
AMO 03 09 w5vx figs-abstractnouns 0 what oppression is in her Here "oppression is in her" refers to leaders in Samaria oppressing the people. The abstract noun "oppress" can be stated as "oppress" or "cause to suffer." Alternate translation: "how the leaders oppress people" or "and how they cause people to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
AMO 03 10 qk73 0 For they do not know how to do right The word "they" refers to the people of Samaria.
AMO 03 10 v5xa figs-metonymy 0 They store up violence and destruction Here "violence and destruction" represent things they have taken by being violent and destructive. Alternate translation: "They store up things that they have violently stolen from others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 03 11 zag9 figs-explicit 0 Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says It can be stated clearly who God was saying this to. Alternate translation: "Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says to the people of Israel living in Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 03 11 av1v 0 An enemy will surround the land "An enemy army will surround the land"
AMO 03 11 njz8 0 plunder your fortresses "steal all the things in your fortresses"
AMO 03 12 j2v9 figs-simile 0 As the shepherd rescues ... so will the people of Israel ... be rescued The Lord compares the people of Israel being rescued with an unsuccessful attempt to rescue an animal from a lion. They will not be completely rescued. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
AMO 03 12 d9dl figs-explicit 0 As the shepherd rescues out of the mouth of the lion two legs only, or a piece of an ear It can be stated clearly that the shepherd tries to rescue the whole animal. Alternate translation: "As the shepherd tries to rescue an animal from the lion's mouth, but is able to save only two legs or a piece of an ear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 03 12 t7nu figs-genericnoun 0 As the shepherd ... the lion Here the phrases "the shepherd" and "the lion" refer to any shepherd or lion. Alternate translation: "As a shepherd ... a lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
AMO 03 12 wn55 0 they will be left with only the corner of a couch or a piece of a bed This phrase shows that they will not be completely rescued. Almost all of their possessions will be stolen. This passage in Hebrew is difficult to understand, and some modern versions interpret it differently.
AMO 03 12 ln9g 0 couch This is a soft chair big enough to lie down on.
AMO 03 13 u9dn figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jacob The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. They were the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 03 13 tw5j figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase "this is Yahweh's declaration" in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 03 14 agr5 0 in the day that I punish the sins of Israel "when I punish the sins of Israel"
AMO 03 14 z44y figs-metonymy 0 I will also punish the altars of Bethel People sinned against God by worshiping false gods at their altars. Here "punish the altars" represents punishing the people by destroying their altars. Alternate translation: "I will also destroy the altars at Bethel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 03 14 cy5d figs-activepassive 0 The horns of the altar will be cut off and fall to the ground This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Your enemies will cut off the horns of the altars, and the horns will fall to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 03 14 gi8t 0 horns of the altar People worshiped false gods at their altars. At the top corners of the altars there were pieces of metal shaped like bull horns. These horns were a symbol of the strength of their gods.
AMO 03 15 r11p figs-genericnoun 0 the winter house with the summer house Some of the wealthy people had two houses: one that they lived in during the winter and one that they lived in during the summer. This refers to any winter and summer houses. Alternate translation: "the houses they live in during the winter and the houses they live in during the summer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
AMO 03 15 w3z9 figs-personification 0 The houses of ivory will perish God speaks of the houses being destroyed as if they were alive and would die. Alternate translation: "The houses of ivory will be destroyed" or "The houses of ivory will collapse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
AMO 03 15 law2 0 The houses of ivory "the houses that are decorated with ivory." This refers to houses that had decorations made of ivory on the walls and furniture. Ivory was very expensive, so only the wealthy people had things decorated with ivory.
AMO 03 15 i8hw 0 ivory the teeth and horns of large animals
AMO 03 15 vic1 figs-metaphor 0 the large houses will vanish "the large houses will exist no more." Here "vanish" represents being destroyed. Alternate translation: "the large houses will be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 03 15 n6kq figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh's declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 04 intro wy7z 0 # Amos 04 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written in poetic form and is about the people's refusal to listen to Yahweh even as he tries to point them back to himself.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Repetition<br>This chapter contains a repeated sentence: "Yet you have not returned to me —this is Yahweh's declaration." Please make sure this sentence is translated the same way each time to show the repetition. This repetition produces a list of sins Yahweh is mounting against his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br>
AMO 04 01 jn6e figs-metaphor 0 you cows of Bashan, you who are in the mountain of Samaria Amos speaks to the women of Israel who live in Samaria as if they were well-fed cows. Alternate translation: "you wealthy women who live in the mountains of Samaria, you who are like the well-fed cows of Bashan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 04 01 w7hi figs-nominaladj 0 you who oppress the poor The phrase "the poor" refers to poor people. Alternate translation: "you who oppress poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 04 01 mg4u figs-metaphor 0 you who crush the needy Hear "crush" is a metaphor that represents treating people badly. The phrase "the needy" refers to people who need help. Alternate translation: "you who treat needy people badly" or "you who hurt needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 04 02 vj2b 0 The Lord Yahweh has sworn by his holiness This means that Yahweh promised that he would do something, and he assured people that he would do what he promised because he is holy.
AMO 04 02 znn4 0 the days will come on you The word "you" refers to the wealthy women of Israel who lived in Samaria, but also includes men.
AMO 04 02 d7kr figs-metaphor 0 the days will come on you when they will take you away with hooks A time in the future when bad things will happen to the people is spoken of as if those days will attack the people. The word "they" refers to their enemies. Alternate translation: "There will be a time when your enemies will take you away with hooks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 04 02 xgg4 figs-parallelism 0 they will take you away with hooks, the last of you with fishhooks These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the enemy will capture the people like people catch fish. Alternate translation: "they will capture you as people capture animals, and they take you away" or "they will defeat you and cruelly force you to go away with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 04 03 yu6h 0 breaks in the city wall places where the enemy had broken down the city wall to enter
AMO 04 03 zrg7 figs-activepassive 0 you will be thrown out toward Harmon This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they will throw you out toward Harmon" or "your enemies will force you to leave the city and go toward Harmon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 04 03 zu7p translate-names 0 Harmon This is either the name of a place that we do not know, or it refers to Mount Hermon. Some modern versions interpret it in that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 04 03 th6y figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh's declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 04 04 l9eu 0 General Information: God gives several commands in verse 4, but he does so to show that he is angry
AMO 04 04 plw6 figs-irony 0 Go to Bethel and sin, to Gilgal and multiply sin People would go to Bethel and Gilgal to make sacrifices to God, but they kept sinning anyway. God makes these commands to show that he is angry with them for doing these things. These commands can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: "You go to Bethel to worship, but you sin. You go to Gilgal to worship, but you sin even more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
AMO 04 04 rpw1 figs-irony 0 bring your sacrifices ... every three days God makes these commands in order to show the people that he is angry that even though they do these things, they continue to sin against him in other ways. These commands can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: "You bring your sacrifices ... every three days, but it does you no good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
AMO 04 04 nz43 0 every three days Possible meanings are 1) on the third day or 3) every third day. Some versions have "every three years," because the Israelites were supposed to bring their tithes to God once every three years.
AMO 04 05 uc1y figs-irony 0 Offer a thanksgiving sacrifice ... proclaim freewill offerings; announce them, for this pleases God makes these commands in order to show the people that even though they do these things, he is angry because they continue to sin against him in other ways. Use the form in your language that shows that they will do these things no matter what Yahweh says, but these things will do them no good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
AMO 04 05 m5ne 0 announce them "boast about them"
AMO 04 05 xk7i figs-explicit 0 for this pleases you, you people of Israel Yahweh rebukes them for being proud about their offerings and sacrifices. They think that God should be pleased with them, but he is not. Alternate translation: "for this pleases you, you people of Israel. But it does not please me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 04 05 td4d figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase "this is Yahweh's declaration" in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 04 06 d7qd figs-metonymy 0 I gave you cleanness of teeth Here having clean teeth represents having no food in the mouth to make the teeth dirty. Alternate translation: "I caused you to starve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 04 06 fi56 figs-metonymy 0 lack of bread Giving them "lack of bread" represents causing them to lack bread, and "bread" represents food in general. Alternate translation: "I caused you not to have enough food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 04 06 j831 figs-metaphor 0 you have not returned to me Returning to God represents submitting again to him. Alternate translation: "you have not submitted again to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 04 06 vsj8 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh's declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 04 07 emt8 0 I also withheld rain from you "I prevented the rain from falling on your crops"
AMO 04 07 zv4m figs-explicit 0 when there were still three months to the harvest It can be stated clearly that the people needed the rain. Alternate translation: "when there were still three months to the harvest and your crops needed the rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 04 07 nmf3 figs-activepassive 0 One piece of land was rained on This can be stated in active form. The phrase "One piece of land" represents any piece of land." Alternate translation: "It rained on one piece of land" or "It rained on some pieces of land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 04 07 uw18 figs-genericnoun 0 the piece of land where it did not rain This refers to any piece of land where it did not rain. Alternate translation: "the pieces of land where it did not rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
AMO 04 08 sd8l figs-metonymy 0 Two or three cities staggered Here "cities" represents the people of those cities. Alternate translation: "The people of two or three cities staggered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 04 08 ly7z figs-metaphor 0 you have not returned to me Returning to God represents submitting again to him. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:6](../04/06.md). Alternate translation: "you have not submitted again to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 04 08 p5ip figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh's declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 04 09 cz91 figs-metonymy 0 I afflicted you with blight and mildew Here "afflicted you" represents afflicting their crops. Alternate translation: "I afflicted your crops with blight and mildew" or "I destroyed your crops with blight and mildew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 04 09 s18c 0 blight This is a disease that dries and kills plants. It is caused by the hot wind from the desert.
AMO 04 09 q9at 0 mildew This is another disease that kills plants.
AMO 04 10 e3iy 0 I sent a plague on you as on Egypt "I sent a plague on you as I did on Egypt" or "I sent a plague on you as I sent plagues on Egypt"
AMO 04 10 uqf3 0 I sent a plague on you "I caused terrible things to happen to you"
AMO 04 10 d4vk figs-metonymy 0 I killed your young men with the sword Here "the sword" represents battle. God killed them by sending enemies to fight against them. Alternate translation: "I made your enemies kill your men in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 04 10 g3ig figs-metonymy 0 carried away your horses God speaks of causing the enemies to steal their horses as if he carried the horses away. Alternate translation: "I made your enemies take away your horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 04 10 l8vu figs-metonymy 0 made the stench of your camp come up to your nostrils A stench is a bad smell. The stench coming up to their nostrils represents them smelling something terrible. It can be stated clearly that the smell was from the dead bodies of those who were killed. Alternate translation: "I made you smell the terrible odor of the dead bodies in your camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 04 10 fz6m figs-metaphor 0 you have not returned to me Returning to God represents submitting again to him. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:6](../04/06.md). Alternate translation: "you have not submitted again to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 04 10 lz2s figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh's declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 04 11 cjh1 figs-metaphor 0 You were like a burning stick snatched out of the fire God speaks of those who survived the plague and war as if they were a burning stick that someone pulled out of a fire. Alternate translation: "Some of you survived, like a burning stick that someone pulls out of a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 04 12 p5ze figs-123person 0 prepare to meet your God God says this to warn the people of Israel that he will judge them. Alternate translation: "prepare to meet me, your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 04 13 krg8 figs-123person 0 he who forms the mountains ... reveals his thoughts ... is his name It is not clear whether Amos is speaking about God, or God is speaking about himself. If God is speaking about himself, it can be translated with the words "I" and "me." Alternate translation: "I who form the mountains ... reveal my thoughts ... is my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 04 13 n7pa 0 makes the morning darkness Possible meanings are 1) God causes the day to be very dark with thick clouds. Alternate translation: "makes the morning dark" or 2) God causes time to pass, so every day becomes night. Alternate translation: "makes morning and evening"
AMO 04 13 s3jv figs-metaphor 0 treads on the high places of the earth God ruling over all the earth is spoken of as if he walks on the highest places of the earth. Alternate translation: "rules over all the earth" or "rules over even the highest places of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 04 13 sha6 0 Yahweh, God of hosts, is his name By declaring his full name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. Your language may have a way for people to do this.
AMO 05 intro w1eh 0 # Amos 05 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to be written in a poetic format and foretells the destruction of the kingdom of Israel.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Place Names<br>This chapter refers to various places in land of Israel (i.e. Gilgal, Bethel, Beersheba). Normally these places have good connotations, but here they are referred to negatively. This is most likely because these cities became known for their idol worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>##### City gate<br>The "city gate" is mentioned several times. This was a place where people would go with legal and financial issues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
AMO 05 01 u6w8 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. Alternate translation: "you people of Israel" or "you Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 05 02 cqa2 figs-metaphor 0 The virgin Israel has fallen ... no one to raise her up The phrase "The virgin Israel" represents the nation of Israel. The nation of Israel being destroyed and having no other nation to help them become strong again is spoken of as if it were a young woman who has fallen and has no one to raise her up. Alternate translation: "The nation of Israel is like a woman who has fallen ... no one to help her get up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 05 02 lta8 figs-activepassive 0 she is forsaken on her land This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "People have forsaken her" or "they have abandoned her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 05 03 ecu7 figs-genericnoun 0 The city that went out with a thousand ... the one that went out with a hundred These phrases refer to any cities that sent out large numbers of soldiers. Alternate translation: "Cities that went out with a thousand ... cities that went out with a hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
AMO 05 03 z3m4 figs-explicit 0 The city that went out with a thousand will have a hundred left The phrases "a thousand" and "a hundred" refer to a thousand soldiers and a hundred soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 05 03 m7h5 figs-explicit 0 The city that went out with a thousand "The city that went out" represents the soldiers of that city going out. It can be stated clearly why they went out. Alternate translation: "The city out of which a thousand soldiers went to fight" or "The city that sent out a thousand soldiers to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 05 03 xna6 0 will have a hundred left "will have a hundred soldiers who have not been killed" or "will have only a hundred soldiers still alive." Here being "left" refers to not being killed by the enemy.
AMO 05 04 u2lu figs-metaphor 0 Seek me Here "Seek me" represents asking God for help. Alternate translation: "Ask me for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 05 05 gux2 figs-metaphor 0 Do not seek Bethel Here "seek Bethel" represents going to Bethel to ask for help. Alternate translation: "Do not go to Bethel to ask for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 05 05 xc6k 0 nor enter Gilgal "and do not enter Gilgal"
AMO 05 05 ixk2 figs-metonymy 0 For Gilgal will surely go into captivity Here "Gilgal" represents the people of Gilgal, and going into captivity refers to being captured and taken away. Alternate translation: "For the people of Gilgal will surely be captured and taken away" or "For your enemies will surely capture the people of Gilgal and take them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 05 05 fdq3 figs-metaphor 0 Bethel will become nothing Here "become nothing" represents being destroyed. Alternate translation: "Bethel will be completely destroyed" or "enemies will completely destroy Bethel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 05 06 a5vv figs-metaphor 0 Seek Yahweh Here "Seek Yahweh" represents asking him for help. Alternate translation: "Ask Yahweh for help" or "Ask me, Yahweh, for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 05 06 vc8n figs-simile 0 he will break out like fire Here "break out like a fire" represents destroying things as fire destroys things. Alternate translation: "he will become like a fire that breaks out suddenly and destroys everything" or "he will destroy everything like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
AMO 05 06 tcz9 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Joseph This phrase is a metonym for the descendants of Joseph. Here it represents the northern kingdom of Israel, whose two largest tribes were the descendants of Joseph. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Joseph" or "Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
AMO 05 06 it6f figs-metaphor 0 It will devour The word "it" refers to the fire, and "devour" represents destroying everything. God destroying everything is spoken of as if a fire were to destroy everything. Alternate translation: "It will destroy everything" or "He will destroy everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 05 06 ir1n 0 there will be no one to quench it "there will no one to stop it" or "there will be no one to stop him from destroying everything"
AMO 05 07 eqb9 figs-metaphor 0 turn justice into a bitter thing Here "a bitter thing" represents actions that harm people, and "turn justice into a bitter thing" represents harming people rather than doing for them what is just. Alternate translation: "say that they are doing what is just, but instead they harm people" or "refuse to do what is just and harm people instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 05 07 jjl7 figs-metaphor 0 throw righteousness down to the ground This represents treating righteousness as if it were worthless. Alternate translation: "treat righteousness as though it were as unimportant as dirt" or "you despise what is righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 05 08 uny6 translate-unknown 0 the Pleiades and Orion People saw patterns in the stars in the sky and gave names to them. These are two of those patterns. Alternate translation: "the stars" or "the groups of stars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
AMO 05 08 fkp9 0 he turns darkness into the morning ... day dark with night "he makes the night become morning, and he makes the day become night." This refers to causing the times of the day.
AMO 05 08 jzr4 figs-metaphor 0 calls for the waters ... on the surface of the earth This represents God causing the sea water to fall on the earth as rain. Alternate translation: "he takes the waters of the sea and makes them rain down on the surface of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 05 08 rb72 0 Yahweh is his name! By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things.
AMO 05 09 u2if figs-abstractnouns 0 He brings sudden destruction on the strong The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated with the verb "destroy." The phrase "the strong" refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. Alternate translation: "He suddenly destroys the strong people" or "He suddenly destroys the soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 05 09 t2g1 figs-abstractnouns 0 so that destruction comes on the fortresses The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated with the verb "destroy." Alternate translation: "so that the fortresses are destroyed" or "and he destroys the fortresses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
AMO 05 10 s23g 0 They hate anyone "The people of Israel hate anyone"
AMO 05 11 ldj5 0 worked stone "cut stones" or "stones that people have cut"
AMO 05 11 sm1t figs-explicit 0 you will not drink their wine The word "their" refers to the vineyards. This may imply that no one will make the wine, or even that there will not be enough good grapes to make wine. Alternate translation: "you will not drink the wine that is made from the grapes in your vineyards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 05 12 v579 0 afflict the just, take bribes, and turn aside the needy in the city gate This is a list of some of their sins.
AMO 05 12 mkx5 figs-nominaladj 0 the just The word "just" is a nominal adjective that refers to just people. Alternate translation: "just people" or "righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 05 12 c3fm 0 take bribes "let people pay you to do bad things" or "let people pay you to lie about people"
AMO 05 12 pnt4 figs-explicit 0 turn aside the needy in the city gate Here "turn aside the needy" represents telling the needy people to leave. It can be made clear why the needy were at the city gate. Alternate translation: "do not allow poor people to bring their cases to the judges in the city gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 05 12 hqu9 figs-nominaladj 0 the needy The word "needy" is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are in need. Alternate translation: "people in need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 05 13 zgm3 0 any prudent person is silent Those who do not want the evil people to harm them will not speak out against the evil deeds. Alternate translation: "wise people do not speak about the evil things people are doing"
AMO 05 13 nb9w figs-metonymy 0 for it is an evil time Here "an evil time" represents a time when people are evil and do evil deeds. Alternate translation: "for it is a time when people are evil" or "for people do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 05 14 i1vc figs-metaphor 0 Seek good and not evil Here "Seek good" represents choosing to do what good. "Good" and "evil" represent good actions and evil actions. Alternate translation: "Choose to do what is good and not what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 05 15 n1sk 0 Hate evil, love good "Hate evil actions, and love good actions." Here "good" and "evil" represent good actions and evil actions.
AMO 05 15 tqy7 figs-idiom 0 establish justice in the city gate Here "establish justice" represents making sure that justice is done. Alternate translation: "make sure that justice is done in the city gates" or "make sure that the judges make just decisions in the city gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
AMO 05 15 jkw4 figs-explicit 0 in the city gate City gates were where business transactions occurred and judgments were made, because city walls were thick enough to have gateways that produced cool shade from the hot sun Alternate translation: "in your courts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 05 15 eb3d figs-metonymy 0 the remnant of Joseph Here "remnant" refers to people who are still living in Israel after the others are killed or taken away as captives. Here "Joseph" represents the northern kingdom of Israel, whose two largest tribes were the descendants of Joseph. See how you translated "house of Joseph" in [Amos 5:6](../05/06.md). Alternate translation: "the descendants of Joseph who are still alive" or "those of Israel who survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 05 16 wux6 0 this is what Yahweh says, the God of hosts, the Lord "this is what Yahweh, the God of hosts, the Lord says"
AMO 05 16 qyz8 0 Wailing will be in all the squares "People will wail in all the town squares"
AMO 05 16 iv7k 0 Wailing long, loud, sad cries
AMO 05 16 d7mv 0 the squares broad open places in the town where people gather
AMO 05 16 n1g7 figs-ellipsis 0 the mourners to wail The phrase "they will call" is understood from the beginning of the sentence. Alternate translation: "they will call the mourners to wail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
AMO 05 17 gr4q 0 I will pass through your midst God speaks of punishing the people as if he were to come and punish them while walking through the group of them. Alternate translation: "I will come and punish you" or "I will punish you"
AMO 05 18 k3dk figs-rquestion 0 Why do you long for the day of Yahweh? God uses this question to rebuke the people for saying that they want the day of Yahweh to be soon. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You long for the day of Yahweh." or "You should not long for the day of Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 05 18 e1im figs-metaphor 0 It will be darkness and not light Here "darkness" represents a time when disasters happen, and "light" represents a time when good things happen. Alternate translation: "It will be a time of darkness and disaster, not of light and blessing" or "On that day there will be disasters, not blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 05 20 azx9 figs-rquestion 0 Will not the day of Yahweh be darkness and not light? This question emphasizes that bad things will happen then. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "The day of Yahweh will certainly be darkness and not light!" or "Bad things, not good things, will certainly happen on the day of Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 05 20 l68z figs-rquestion 0 Gloom and no brightness? The words "Will not the day of Yahweh be" is understood from the previous sentence. Like the previous question, it emphasizes that terrible things, not good things, will happen on the day of Yahweh. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "It will be a time of when terrible things, not good things, will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
AMO 05 21 t6lg figs-doublet 0 I hate, I despise your festivals The word "despise" is a strong word for "hate." Together the two words emphasize the intensity of Yahweh's hatred for their religious festivals. Alternate translation: "I hate your festivals very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
AMO 05 21 f4xx 0 I take no delight in your solemn assemblies "Your solemn assemblies do not please me at all"
AMO 05 23 i5jv figs-metaphor 0 Remove from me the noise of your songs This speaks of the noise of songs as if it could be put somewhere else. It represents stopping singing. Alternate translation: "Stop singing your noisy songs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 05 23 es63 0 noise unpleasant sounds
AMO 05 24 nn21 figs-simile 0 let justice flow like water, and righteousness like a constantly flowing stream This represents causing there to be much justice and righteous. Alternate translation: "let there be so much justice that it is like flowing water, and let there be so much righteousness that it is like a constantly flowing stream" or "let justice abound like a flood, and let righteousness abound like a stream that never stops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
AMO 05 25 a3v7 figs-rquestion 0 Did you bring me sacrifices ... Israel? Possible meanings are 1) God uses this question to rebuke them because they did not offer sacrifices. Alternate translation: "You did not bring me sacrifices ... Israel." or 2) God uses this question to remind them that the sacrifices were not the most important part about their relationship. Alternate translation: "You did not have to bring me sacrifices ... Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 05 25 ye8l figs-metonymy 0 Did you bring God speaks as though the Israelites he is speaking to were part of the group that wandered in the wilderness. Alternate translation: "Did your ancestors bring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 05 25 fma5 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated it in [Amos 5:1](../05/01.md). Alternate translation: "you people of Israel" or "you Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 05 26 qnx9 figs-metonymy 0 You have lifted up the images of Sikkuth ... and Kaiwan Here "lifted up the images" represents worshiping them. Alternate translation: "You have worshiped the images of Sikkuth ... and Kaiwan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 05 26 tjr6 translate-names 0 Sikkuth ... Kaiwan These are the names of two false gods. The people had made images to represent them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 05 26 q6vz 0 Kaiwan Some versions write this as "Kiyyun."
AMO 06 intro cn1s 0 # Amos 06 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to be written in poetic style except for verses 9-10, which are in prose. These two verses contain many interested features.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>Verses 9-10 will probably be difficult to translate because the situation is vague and details don't appear to align easily. It is appropriate to translate these verses with some ambiguity remaining. It may be helpful to read many different versions prior to translating these verses.<br>
AMO 06 01 psf7 0 who are at ease "who feel safe." The people are comfortable and not concerned that God will judge them.
AMO 06 01 ut6j figs-irony 0 the notable men of the best of the nations "the most important men of this great nation." Yahweh may be using irony to describe how these men think of themselves. Alternate translation: "the men who think they are the most important people in the best nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
AMO 06 01 s17g figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel comes The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. Alternate translation: "the Israelites come" or "the Israelite people group comes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 06 01 zhm4 figs-go 0 comes for help Here "comes" can be stated as "goes." Alternate translation: "goes for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
AMO 06 02 w9i9 translate-names 0 Kalneh This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 06 02 fd2m figs-rquestion 0 Are they better than your two kingdoms? The notable men use this question to emphasize that the kingdoms of Israel and Judah are better than those other kingdoms. Alternate translation: "Your two kingdoms are better than they are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 06 02 h68z figs-rquestion 0 Is their border larger than your border? The notable men use this question to emphasize that their kingdoms are larger than those other kingdoms. Alternate translation: "Their border is smaller than yours." or "Those countries are smaller than Judah and Samaria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 06 03 hft9 figs-metaphor 0 to those who put off the day of disaster Refusing to believe that Yahweh will cause disaster is spoken of as if the "day of disaster" were an object the people could put far from themselves. Alternate translation: "to those who refuse to believe that I will cause them to experience disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 06 03 k8kh figs-metonymy 0 and make the throne of violence come near Here "throne" is a metonym that represents reign or rule. The people doing evil things, which causes Yahweh to bring disaster on them, is spoken of as if they were causing "violence" to rule them. Alternate translation: "but who are actually causing me to send violent people to destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 06 04 zn5w 0 lie ... lounge Israelites at that time usually ate while sitting on a floor cloth or a simple seat.
AMO 06 04 nte4 0 beds of ivory "beds decorated with ivory" or "costly beds"
AMO 06 04 hge8 translate-unknown 0 ivory a white substance made from the teeth and horns of large animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
AMO 06 04 iy9i 0 lounge lie around like lazy people
AMO 06 04 t9gg 0 couches soft seats large enough to lie down on
AMO 06 05 x1kv 0 they improvise on instruments Possible meanings: 1) they invent new songs and ways of playing the instruments or 2) they invent new instruments.
AMO 06 06 wq23 figs-explicit 0 drink wine from bowls This implies that they drink a lot of wine because they drink it from a large bowl rather than a regular wine cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 06 06 dxk5 figs-metonymy 0 they do not grieve over the ruin of Joseph Here "Joseph" represents his descendants. Alternate translation: "they do not grieve about the descendants of Joseph whom enemies will soon destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 06 07 p1et 0 they will now go into exile with the first exiles "they will be among the first ones to go into exile" or "I will send them into exile first"
AMO 06 07 g684 0 the feasts of those who lounge about will pass away "there will be no more feasts for people to lie around at ease"
AMO 06 08 kz1e figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 06 08 l8fw figs-metonymy 0 I detest the pride of Jacob Here "Jacob" represents his descendants. Alternate translation: "I hate the descendants of Jacob because they have become arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 06 08 n646 figs-explicit 0 I hate his fortresses It is implied that Yahweh hates the fortresses because the people believed the fortresses would keep them safe. Alternate translation: "I hate the people of Israel because they trust in their fortresses, not in me, to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 06 09 y9m6 figs-hypo 0 General Information: In 6:9-10 Amos describes a hypothetical situation of what it will be like when Yahweh hands the people of Israel over to their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
AMO 06 09 rz49 figs-explicit 0 if there are ten men left in one house, they will all die This seems to imply that something terrible is happening, and these ten men go into the house to hide. Alternate translation: "if ten men are hiding inside of a house, they will all still die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 06 10 s8i5 0 a man's relative comes to take their bodies up—the one who is to cremate them after bringing the corpses out of the house—if he says to the person in the house, "Is ... you?" The meaning of these words is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) the "man's relative" is the one who will "take their bodies up" and "cremate ... the corpses," and he speaks to a person who hid in the house after the ten family members died or 2) the "man's relative" who "comes to take their bodies up" is a different person from "the one who is to cremate ... the corpses," and they talk to each other in the house. Alternate translation: "a man's relative comes to take their bodies up, and the one who will burn the corpses after they have been brought out of the house is with him—if while they are in the house the relative says to the burner of the corpses, 'Is ... you?'"
AMO 06 10 v4gf 0 cremate to burn a dead body
AMO 06 10 e57y 0 bringing the corpses "bringing the dead bodies"
AMO 06 10 qj51 figs-explicit 0 Then he will say, "Be quiet, for we must not mention Yahweh's name." The meaning of this is not clear. It seems to imply that the one who asked the question is afraid the one answering will mention Yahweh's name carelessly. If he does this, it may draw Yahweh's attention to them, and he may kill them too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 06 11 bc74 0 look "listen" or "pay attention"
AMO 06 11 q1t3 figs-parallelism 0 the big house will be smashed to pieces, and the little house to bits These two phrases share similar meanings. The contrast between "the big house" and "the little house" means that this refers to all houses. Alternate translation: "all the houses will be smashed into small pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
AMO 06 11 j5da figs-activepassive 0 the big house will be smashed to pieces This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the enemy will smash the big house to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 06 11 dc2l 0 to pieces ... to bits You can use the same word for both of these phrases.
AMO 06 11 q1uc figs-ellipsis 0 the little house to bits This can be stated with the understood information included. Alternate translation: "enemies will smash the little house to bits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
AMO 06 12 s3ja 0 General Information: Amos uses two rhetorical questions to draw attention to the rebuke that follows.
AMO 06 12 i1av figs-rquestion 0 Do horses run on the rocky cliffs? It is impossible for a horse to run on rocky cliffs without getting hurt. Amos uses this rhetorical question to rebuke them for their actions. Alternate translation: "Horses do not run on rocky cliffs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 06 12 v9sc figs-rquestion 0 Does one plow there with oxen? One does not plow on rocky ground. Amos uses this rhetorical question to rebuke them for their actions. Alternate translation: "A person does not plow with oxen on rocky ground." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 06 12 fbq3 figs-metaphor 0 Yet you have turned justice into poison Distorting what is just is spoken of as if the leaders "turned justice into poison." Alternate translation: "Yet you distort what is just" or "But you make laws that hurt innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 06 12 w7di figs-parallelism 0 the fruit of righteousness into bitterness This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Distorting what is right is spoken of as if righteousness were a sweet fruit that the people made bitter tasting. Alternate translation: "you distort what is right" or "you punish those who do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 06 13 dfq3 translate-names 0 Lo Debar ... Karnaim These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 06 13 c8kb figs-rquestion 0 Have we not taken Karnaim by our own strength? The people use a question to emphasize that they believe they captured a city because of their own power. Alternate translation: "We captured Karnaim by our own power!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 06 14 yze1 0 look "listen" or "pay attention"
AMO 06 14 u8j4 figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 06 14 alt4 figs-metonymy 0 from Lebo Hamath to the brook of the Arabah Here "Lebo Hamath" represents the northern border of Israel, and "brook of the Arabah" represents the southern border. Alternate translation: "from the northern border of your nation to the southern border" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 06 14 jfe8 0 brook a small river that flows only during the wet season
AMO 07 intro vkd3 0 # Amos 07 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is mainly written as a narrative about the prophet Amos interacting with Yahweh. Yahweh presents three different scenarios of judgment before Amos who pleads with God and he does not carry out His judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Reported speech<br>In the latter part of the chapter, it is important to follow the conversation carefully to understand who is speaking. There are some instances of "reported speech." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])<br>
AMO 07 01 h8xv 0 Look ... look The writer is telling the reader that he is about to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this.
AMO 07 01 e1ul 0 locust See how you translated this in [Amos 4:9](../04/09.md).
AMO 07 01 s8l3 0 after the king's harvest "after the king takes his share from the harvest"
AMO 07 02 w1h8 figs-ellipsis 0 please forgive The words "your people" or "us" are understood. Alternate translation: "please forgive your people" or "please forgive us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
AMO 07 02 wj76 figs-metonymy 0 how will Jacob survive? For he is so small. Here "Jacob" represents his descendants the Israelites. Alternate translation: "how will we Israelites survive? We are so small and weak!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 07 04 l39l 0 Look The writer is telling the reader that something surprising is about to happen. Your language may have a way of doing this.
AMO 07 04 nk44 0 the Lord Yahweh called on fire to judge "the Lord Yahweh used burning fire to punish the people"
AMO 07 05 l5ir figs-metonymy 0 how will Jacob survive? For he is so small. Here "Jacob" represents his descendants the Israelites. See how you translated this in [Amos 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: "how will the Israelites survive? We are so small and weak!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 07 07 s6wg 0 plumb line thin rope with a weight at one end used in building to make sure walls stand straight up and down
AMO 07 08 tbb9 figs-rquestion 0 what do you see? Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. Alternate translation: "tell me what you see." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 07 08 t5nq figs-metaphor 0 I will put a plumb line among my people Israel Judging the people and determining they are wicked is spoken of as if the Israelites were a wall, and Yahweh determines the wall is not straight by using a plumb line. Alternate translation: "my people Israel are wicked. They are like a wall that is not straight up and down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 07 09 j2t3 figs-metonymy 0 The high places of Isaac will be destroyed, the sanctuaries of Israel will be ruined, and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword Here "sword" represents an army. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will send an army to attack the house of Jeroboam, and the army will destroy the high places of Isaac and the sanctuaries of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 07 09 u5md figs-metonymy 0 Isaac ... Israel Both of these represent the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Isaac ... the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 07 09 g5em figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jeroboam Here "house" represents "family." Translate "Jeroboam" as you did in [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: "Jeroboam and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 07 10 g3gt 0 Amaziah, the priest of Bethel Possible meanings: 1) Amaziah was the only priest at Bethel or 2) Amaziah was the leader of the priests at Bethel.
AMO 07 10 wue4 translate-names 0 Amaziah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 07 10 xez3 figs-metonymy 0 Amos has conspired against you in the middle of the house of Israel Here "house" represents "people." Alternate translation: "Amos is right here among the Israelites, and he is planning to do bad things to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 07 10 zcx9 figs-metonymy 0 The land cannot bear all his words Here "land" represents "people." Disrupting the peace is spoken of as if Amos's words were a heavy object that the land could not carry. Alternate translation: "What his is saying disturb the peace among the people" or "His message will cause trouble among the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 07 11 s5sq figs-metonymy 0 Jeroboam will die by the sword Here "sword" represents the enemies. Alternate translation: "Enemies will kill Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 07 12 bi7d figs-idiom 0 there eat bread and prophesy Here "eat bread" is an idiom that means to earn money or make a living for doing something. Alternate translation: "see if you can get the people there to pay you for prophesying" or "prophesy there and let them provide you with food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
AMO 07 13 f3rq figs-doublet 0 for it is the king's sanctuary and a royal house Here "king's sanctuary" and "royal house" refer to the same place. Alternate translation: "this is where the national temple is, the place where the king worships" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
AMO 07 14 mbz3 0 herdsman This here probably means "one who takes care of sheep" since he is called a "shepherd" in [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md).
AMO 07 14 geh3 translate-unknown 0 sycamore fig trees Sycamores are broad trees that grow up to 15 meters tall. Alternate translation: "fig trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
AMO 07 16 k6j9 0 Now Here the word "now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
AMO 07 16 dz72 figs-metonymy 0 do not speak against the house of Isaac Here "house" represents the family or descendants of Isaac. Alternate translation: "do not speak against the descendants of Isaac" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 07 17 c3rd figs-metonymy 0 your sons and your daughters will fall by the sword Here "sword" represents enemies. Alternate translation: "enemies will kill your sons and daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 07 17 sqs6 figs-activepassive 0 your land will be measured and divided up This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "other people will take your land and divide it up among themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 07 17 mr3m figs-metaphor 0 an unclean land A land full of people that are unacceptable to God is spoken of as if the land were physically unclean. Here it means a land other than Israel. Alternate translation: "a foreign land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 08 intro h32s 0 # Amos 08 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written in poetic form and it shows the way Yahweh's people are sinning and<br>how he is going to respond. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### "This is the declaration of Yahweh"<br><br>This phrase is used to introduce prophecy. It highlights what God is proclaiming. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
AMO 08 01 m4g1 0 Look, a basket of summer fruit! The word "look" here shows that Amos saw something interesting. Alternate translation: "I saw a basket of summer fruit!"
AMO 08 01 i65f 0 summer fruit "ripe fruit"
AMO 08 02 ixx6 figs-rquestion 0 What do you see, Amos? Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. Alternate translation: "Tell me what you see, Amos." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 08 03 y5rl 0 in that day "at that time"
AMO 08 03 zv6m 0 Silence! Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is to telling the people to be silent as they hear about the severity of his punishment or 2) the people will be silent because of their grief after Yahweh's punishment.
AMO 08 04 jya8 0 Listen to this Amos is speaking to the wealthy merchants who harm those who are poor.
AMO 08 04 sm8z figs-nominaladj 0 you who trample the needy and remove the poor of the land This can be restated to remove the nominal adjectives "the needy" and "the poor." Alternate translation: "you who trample those who are in need and remove those in the land that are poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 08 04 jhz4 figs-metaphor 0 you who trample Harming people is spoken of as if it were stomping on people. Alternate translation: "you who harm" or "you who oppress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 08 05 p2sp figs-rquestion 0 They say, "When will the new moon be over, so we can sell grain again? When will the Sabbath day be over, so that we can sell wheat? The merchants use theses question to emphasize that want to start selling their items again. This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "They are always asking when the new moon will be over or when the Sabbath will be over so that can sell their grain and wheat again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
AMO 08 05 t9jd 0 We will make the measure small and increase the price, as we cheat with false scales The merchants would use false scales that showed that the amount of grain they were giving was greater than it really was and that the weight of the payment was less than it really was.
AMO 08 06 y683 figs-ellipsis 0 the needy for a pair of sandals The words "and buy" are understood. Alternate translation: "buy the needy for a pair of sandals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
AMO 08 07 by14 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh has sworn by the pride of Jacob Here "pride of Jacob" is a title for Yahweh. Also "Jacob" represents his descendants, the Israelites. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has sworn by himself, saying" or "Yahweh, of whom the Israelites are so proud, has sworn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 08 08 dgd5 figs-rquestion 0 Will not the land quake for this, and every one who lives in it mourn? Amos uses a question to emphasize that these things will certainly happen. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will cause the land to shake, and every one who lives in it will mourn." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 08 08 phh2 figs-simile 0 All of it will rise up like the Nile River ... like the river of Egypt Amos compares the rising and sinking of the waters of the Nile River to how Yahweh will cause the land to shake when he judges the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
AMO 08 08 t1gv 0 river of Egypt This is another name for the Nile River.
AMO 08 09 xwg6 0 It will come in that day "It will happen at that time"
AMO 08 10 ng1i translate-symaction 0 have baldness on every head A person shaves his head to show that he is grieving. Alternate translation: "cause you all to shave your heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
AMO 08 10 tj9n figs-ellipsis 0 like mourning for an only son It is understood that the only son has died. Alternate translation: "like mourning for an only son who has died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
AMO 08 10 g3j6 figs-metaphor 0 a bitter day to its end Terrible and sad things happening during a day is spoken of as if the day had a bitter taste. Alternate translation: "everything that happens at that time will cause you great sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 08 11 f43n figs-metaphor 0 the days are coming This speaks of a future time as if "days are coming." Alternate translation: "there will be a time" or "in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 08 11 i4s1 figs-metaphor 0 when I will send a famine in the land ... but for hearing the words of Yahweh Yahweh refusing to give messages when the people want to hear from him is spoken of as if there would be a famine of his words. Alternate translation: "when I will cause something like a famine in the land ... but for hearing the words of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 08 11 f1wu figs-123person 0 the words of Yahweh This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "words from me, Yahweh" or "my messages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 08 12 ez94 figs-merism 0 They will stagger from sea to sea; they will run from the north to the east to seek the word of Yahweh Here "sea to sea" and "the north to the east" represent all of the land of Israel. Alternate translation: "They will wander here and there and search all over for the word of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
AMO 08 12 g73n figs-explicit 0 from sea to sea This implies the Dead Sea in the south and the Mediterranean Sea in the west. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 08 13 n4nn 0 In that day "At that time"
AMO 08 13 gxq2 0 faint to lose all strength
AMO 08 14 sg5b figs-metonymy 0 by the sin of Samaria Here "sin" represents the false god the people worship in Samaria. Alternate translation: "by the false god of Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 08 14 xsl2 0 As your god lives, Dan This is a way of making a solemn oath. The people declare that they believe the god of Dan is certainly alive to emphasize that they will certainly do what they promise to do.
AMO 08 14 bfm8 0 As the way to Beersheba exists This is probably a reference to the roads that pilgrims would take to Beersheba in order to worship idols there. Again, this is a way of making a solemn oath. They state that the way to Beersheba certainly exists in order to emphasize that they will certainly do what they promise to do.
AMO 08 14 s65t figs-idiom 0 they will fall This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "they will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
AMO 09 intro ych5 0 # Amos 09 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written in poetic form and continues to show the awesome and terrible judgment of Yahweh on his people. In verse 11, the writer writes about the forgiveness and mercy of God on the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "The declaration of Yahweh"<br>This phrase is used to introduce prophecy. It highlights what God is proclaiming. Try to remain consistent in translating this phrase throughout the book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
AMO 09 01 h5x6 0 General Information: Yahweh shows Amos another vision.
AMO 09 01 iv3s 0 Strike the tops ... Break them It is uncertain to whom Yahweh is speaking these commands.
AMO 09 01 rj89 figs-explicit 0 Strike the tops of the pillars so that the foundations will shake It is implied that Yahweh is speaking about the pillars and foundations of a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 09 01 bl1r figs-synecdoche 0 so that the foundations will shake Here "foundations" represents the whole temple. Alternate translation: "so that the whole temple will shake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
AMO 09 01 x4lx figs-synecdoche 0 Break them in pieces on all of their heads Here "heads" represents the whole person. Alternate translation: "Break the pillars so that the temple falls on all of the people and kills them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
AMO 09 01 r9h6 figs-metonymy 0 I will kill the last of them with the sword Here "sword" represents an army attacking with their weapons. Alternate translation: "I will send an enemy army to kill the rest of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 09 02 gx89 figs-hyperbole 0 Though they dig into Sheol, there my hand will take them. Though they climb up to heaven, there I will bring them down Yahweh uses an exaggerated image of people fleeing to Sheol or heaven to try to escape being killed. Here "Sheol" and "heaven" are a merism that represents all places. Alternate translation: "Even if they were to flee to Sheol or to heaven, they would not be able to escape me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
AMO 09 02 v2qa figs-metonymy 0 there my hand will take them Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power. Alternate translation: "I will pull them up from there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 09 03 lgc3 figs-hyperbole 0 Though they hide on the top of Carmel ... Though they are hidden from my sight in the bottom of the sea Yahweh gives an exaggerated image of the people fleeing to the top of mount Carmel or to the bottom of the sea to escape being killed. Here "top of Carmel" and "bottom of the sea" are a merism that represents all places. Alternate translation: "Even if they were to hide on the top of Carmel ... Even if they tried to go the bottom sea, thinking that I could not see them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
AMO 09 03 di6k 0 serpent an unknown fierce sea animal, not the snake in the garden of Eden and not a common snake
AMO 09 04 z1fj figs-activepassive 0 Though they go into captivity, driven by their enemies before them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Though enemies capture them and force them to go to a foreign land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 09 04 rm94 figs-metonymy 0 there will I give orders to the sword, and it will kill them Here "sword" represents their enemies. Alternate translation: "there I will cause their enemies to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 09 04 p2p1 figs-metonymy 0 I will keep my eyes on them for harm and not for good Here "eyes" represents seeing. The phrase "keep my eyes on them" is an idiom that means to watch closely. Alternate translation: "I will watch closely and make sure only bad things happen to them and not good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
AMO 09 05 v6tg figs-simile 0 all of it will rise up like the River, and sink again like the river of Egypt Here "the River" and "river of Egypt" both refer to the Nile river. Yahweh causing the land to shake violently is compared to the waters of the Nile river rising and sinking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
AMO 09 06 mvb4 figs-metonymy 0 he who builds his steps in the heavens These are probably the steps that ancient people imagined led up to God's palace in the heavens. However, some modern versions wish to read a different Hebrew word meaning "palace" or "rooms." Here "his steps" probably is a metonym for God's palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 09 06 i2gt figs-explicit 0 has established his vault over the earth Here "vault" refers to the sky which biblical writers described as being a dome over the earth. Alternate translation: "he sets the sky over the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 09 06 c441 figs-metaphor 0 He calls for the waters of the sea ... on the surface of the earth This represents God causing the sea water to fall on the earth as rain. See how you translated this in [Amos 5:8](../05/08.md). Alternate translation: "He takes the waters of the sea and makes them rain down on the surface of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 09 06 l573 0 Yahweh is his name By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. See how you translated this in [Amos 5:8](../05/08.md).
AMO 09 07 zrb4 figs-rquestion 0 Are you not like the people of Cush to me, ... Israel—this ... declaration—did I not bring up Israel ... the Philistines ... the Arameans from Kir? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Israel are no more special to him than the people of Cush, the Philistines, and the Arameans. Alternate translation: "You people of Israel, you are certainly no more important to me than the people of Cush—this ... declaration—I brought up Israel ... the Philistines ... the Arameans from Kir." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 09 07 g7zv figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh's declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this i what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 09 07 gig3 0 Kir See how you translated the name of this place in [Amos 1:5](../01/05.md).
AMO 09 08 c978 figs-metonymy 0 the eyes of the Lord Yahweh are on the sinful kingdom Here "eyes" represents seeing. Also, Yahweh speaks of himself in third person. Alternate translation: "I, the Lord Yahweh, see that the people of this kingdom are very sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 09 08 exs8 figs-idiom 0 I will destroy it from the face of the earth The idiom "from the face of the earth" means "completely." Alternate translation: "I will completely destroy this kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
AMO 09 08 qv9x figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jacob Here "house" represents a family. And, "Jacob" represents his descendants. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 09 09 ka3c figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here "house" represents the people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 09 09 m5bp figs-simile 0 I will shake the house of Israel ... as one shakes grain in a sieve, so that not the smallest stone will fall to the ground The picture here is of grain falling through the sieve and stones being kept out. The idea is that Yahweh will remove all of the sinful people from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
AMO 09 09 s4w3 0 sieve a surface with many small holes that allow small things to pass through and keep larger things from passing through
AMO 09 10 rxt3 figs-metonymy 0 All the sinners of my people will die by the sword Here "sword" represents their enemies. Alternate translation: "Enemies will kill all the sinners of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 09 10 rgi9 figs-metaphor 0 Disaster will not overtake or meet us Experiencing disaster is spoken of as disaster could overtake or meet someone. Alternate translation: "We will not experience disaster" or "Bad things will not happen to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 09 11 p2kf 0 In that day "At that time"
AMO 09 11 m4ub figs-metaphor 0 I will raise up the tent of David that has fallen Causing the people of Israel to be great again is spoken of as if David's kingdom were a tent that fell down and Yahweh will set it back up. Alternate translation: "David's kingdom will be like tent that has fallen down, but I will raise it back up again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 09 11 gh6q 0 close up its breaches "I will repair its walls"
AMO 09 11 pje4 0 I will raise up its ruins, and rebuild it as in the days of old "I will rebuild its ruins and make it strong like it was long ago"
AMO 09 11 b46a 0 breaches parts of a wall that have fallen down
AMO 09 12 fi4l 0 the remnant of Edom "the remaining part of Edom's territory"
AMO 09 12 gc63 figs-metonymy 0 all the nations that are called by my name Here "name" represents Yahweh. The idiom "called by my name" means they once belonged to Yahweh. This means that in the past the people had conquered and taken control of these territories. Alternate translation: "all the nations that once belonged to me" or "all the nations that I caused the people of Israel to conquer in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 09 13 v7us 0 Look The writer is telling the reader that he is going to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this.
AMO 09 13 q7il figs-metaphor 0 the days will come ... when the plowman A future time is spoken of as if "days will come." Alternate translation: "there will be a time ... when the plowman" or "in the future ... the plowman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 09 13 yi58 0 when the plowman ... him who plants seed These are two images of Yahweh restoring prosperity in Israel. This means grain will grow faster than the people can harvest it, and there will be so many grapes, those crushing the grapes will still be working when farmers start planting more vineyards.
AMO 09 13 s1fu figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh's declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 09 13 i41r figs-parallelism 0 The mountains will drip sweet wine, and all the hills will flow with it These two lines mean basically the same thing. The huge amount of grapes and wine in Israel is spoken of as if wine flows down the hills and mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 09 15 cl8k figs-metaphor 0 I will plant them upon their land, and they will never again be uprooted from the land Bringing the people back to their land and keeping them safe from enemies is spoken of as if Israel were a plant that Yahweh would put in the ground and not let anyone pull the plant up from the ground. Alternate translation: "I will cause them to live in the land forever like a plant that is never uprooted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 09 15 xry4 figs-activepassive 0 they will never again be uprooted from the land This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "no one will ever again uproot them from the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 09 15 cqf7 0 uprooted for a plant and its roots to be pulled out of the ground
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