EST front intro d989 0 # Introduction to Esther<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Esther<br><br>1. King Ahasuerus sends away his wife, the queen (1:1–22)<br>1. Ahasuerus chooses Esther as the new queen (2:1–23)<br>1. Haman plots to destroy the Jews (3:1–15)<br>1. Mordecai asks Esther to help her people (4:1–17)<br>1. Esther pleads with the king for the Jews (5:1–7:10)<br>1. The result of Haman’s plot to destroy the Jews (8:1–9:16)<br>1. The Feast of Purim (9:17–32)<br>1. Conclusion (10:1–3)<br><br>### What is the Book of Esther about?<br><br>The Book of Esther tells how a young Jewish woman named Esther became the queen of Persia. As queen, she worked to save all the Jews in the Persian Empire from being destroyed.<br><br>This book ends by telling why the Jews celebrate the festival of Purim. The name “Purim” comes from the word “pur.” It means “lots” or “dice.” Haman, the enemy of Jews, threw dice to choose when to attack and destroy the Jews. The Jews celebrate Purim to remember how Yahweh rescued his people from being destroyed.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators can use the traditional title of this book, which is “The Book of Esther” or just “Esther.” Or they can choose a clearer title, such as “The Book About Esther.”<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was the Persian Empire?<br><br>King Cyrus the Great conquered and ruled over many kingdoms. This was in the part of the world called Persia, which is now Iran. So people named his kingdom the Persian Empire. When Cyrus conquered Babylonia in 539 B.C., he then controlled the Jews whom the Babylonians had exiled.<br><br>### Why were there Jews in Babylonia when the Persians conquered it?<br><br>In 586 B.C., the Babylonians conquered and took into exile the people of Judah. These Jews and their descendants were still in Babylon when the Persians conquered it.<br><br>### What was meant by “the laws of the Medes and Persians”?<br><br>The phrase “the laws of the Medes and Persians” is found in Esther 1:19 and Daniel 6:12. It referred to laws and decrees that could not be changed or removed once they were issued. In the book of Esther, the king made a decree that the people could attack the Jews. Later he regretted that decision but he was not able to change the decree.<br><br>The term “Medes” refers to a people group that had formed its own nation, but the Persians conquered them.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What different levels of language are in the Book of Esther?<br><br>In the Book of Esther, people talk to each other in many different situations. There is the polite and stately talk in the Persian court and the words of royal decrees. Friends and close relatives also talk to each other. There are even the words that one uses in speaking to oneself. Translators should use all the ways their own language has to express these different situations in a way that their readers will identify and understand.<br>
EST 1 intro v1fp 0 # Esther 01 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The king’s divorce<br><br>The king’s advisers were afraid that husbands would lose their authority when they heard the queen had refused to come to show her beauty to the king’s guests; so the advisers told him to divorce her.<br>
EST 1 1 zzz2 0 In the days of Ahasuerus “In the time of Ahasuerus” or “When Ahasuerus was ruling as king”
EST 1 1 v5ts writing-background 0 this is Ahasuerus who reigned from India as far as Cush, over 127 provinces This is background information to help the reader identify Ahasuerus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST 1 1 k8tn 0 provinces A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government.
EST 1 2 dk31 figs-metonymy 0 sat on his royal throne Here “royal throne” may refer to his rule over the kingdom. Alternate translation: “ruled the empire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 1 3 ry7m translate-numbers 0 In the third year of his reign “After he had ruled for 2 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 1 3 prm1 figs-synecdoche 0 The army This likely refers to the leaders of the army. Alternate translation: “The officers of the army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EST 1 4 m8xa figs-doublet 0 the wealth of the splendor of his kingdom These words have similar meaning and emphasize how great his kingdom was. Alternate translation: “the great wealth of his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST 1 4 lun5 figs-doublet 0 the honor of the glory of his greatness These words have similar meaning and emphasize how great he was. Alternate translation: “the splendor of his greatness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST 1 4 x1v6 translate-numbers 0 180 days “one hundred and eighty days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 1 5 ue3x 0 When these days were completed “At the end of that feast”
EST 1 5 fv9y 0 a feast lasting seven days This was a second feast that was only for the officials in Susa. Alternate translation: “another feast that lasted seven days”
EST 1 5 eb65 0 fortress This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city.See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST 1 5 mj16 translate-names 0 Susa See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 1 7 urm7 figs-activepassive 0 Drinks were served in golden cups This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The guests drank wine from gold cups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 1 7 r6ec 0 there was much royal wine that came because of the king’s generosity “the king was very generous with the royal wine”
EST 1 7 wpq1 0 generosity “great willingness to give”
EST 1 8 g5gu 0 There must be no compulsion “No one must be forced to drink”
EST 1 8 f6px 0 king had given orders to all the officials of his palace to do according to the desire of each man This statement means that the king told his workers to give all the guests as much wine as they wanted.
EST 1 10 jv7z translate-numbers 0 On the seventh day “After 6 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 1 10 le6l figs-synecdoche 0 the king’s heart was feeling happy because of the wine Here “heart” refers to the king, and “feeling happy” is an idiom that means he was drunk. Alternate translation: “the king was drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 1 10 dcb2 translate-names 0 Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar, and Karkas These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 1 10 ens5 writing-background 0 the seven officials who served before him This is background information to explain who these men were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST 1 11 qvk4 0 her features were stunning “she was very beautiful”
EST 1 12 b57q figs-activepassive 0 at the word of the king that had been brought to her by the officials This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the king’s officials told her about his command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 1 12 kp6p 0 at the word “at the command”
EST 1 12 bsd5 figs-metaphor 0 his rage burned within him The intensity of the king’s anger is spoken of as if it was a fire that burned inside him. Alternate translation: “his rage was as intense as a fire inside him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 1 13 g9fe 0 who understood the times “who understood the things that happened in their lives”
EST 1 13 x2u7 writing-background 0 for this was the king’s procedure toward all who were expert in law and judgment This background information explains why the king called these men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST 1 14 cc44 translate-names 0 Karshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memukan These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 1 15 j6sh figs-explicit 0 In compliance with the law ... by the officials? It may be helpful to state who asked this question. Alternate translation: The king said to them, “In compliance with the law ... by the officials?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 1 15 ics9 0 In compliance with the law “In observance of the law” or “In obedience to the law”
EST 1 16 yqr8 figs-hyperbole 0 all the officials and all the people ... all the provinces These are exaggerations to emphasize the damage that the queen’s refusal caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EST 1 16 ecp2 0 provinces a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST 1 17 gn4g figs-hyperbole 0 all women This is an exaggeration to emphasize the damage that the queen’s refusal caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EST 1 18 u6d7 0 There will be much contempt and anger “They will be angry with their husbands and treat them with contempt”
EST 1 19 d8qk figs-123person 0 If it pleases the king ... from him ... before him ... Let the king Meremoth speaks to the king in third person as a form of respect. Alternate translation: “If it pleases you ... from you ... before you ... Please” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 1 19 mh1a figs-activepassive 0 which cannot be repealed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which no one can change” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 1 20 des3 figs-123person 0 the king’s decree ... his vast kingdom Meremoth speaks to the king in third person as a form of respect. Alternate translation: “your decree ... your vast kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 1 20 v9l3 figs-activepassive 0 When the king’s decree is proclaimed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When they hear the king’s decree” or “When they hear what you have commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 1 20 be9r figs-merism 0 from the greatest to the least significant This is a merism that refers to both extremes and everyone in between. This probably refers to the husbands, but it is possible that it refers to the wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
EST 1 21 p5us translate-names 0 Memukan Translate his name as in [Esther 1:14](../01/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 1 22 n1pr 0 province A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST 1 22 jj9n 0 every man should be master of his own household “all men should have complete authority over their wives and their children”
EST 1 22 e481 figs-activepassive 0 This decree was given This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They wrote this decree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 intro eb4q 0 # Esther 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Esther becomes queen<br><br>Esther was humble and took the advice of the royal officials about how to dress for her time with the king. The king chose Esther to be the new queen.<br><br>### Mordecai warns the king against a plot<br><br>Esther’s cousin, Mordecai, discovered that two men planned to kill the king. He told Esther, who then told the king. She also gave Mordecai credit for telling her.<br>
EST 2 1 dpc3 writing-newevent 0 After these things This introduces a new event that happened a while later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST 2 2 s4hv figs-activepassive 0 Let a search be made This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Tell your servants to search” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 2 abt8 figs-123person 0 on the king’s behalf The men speak to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “on your behalf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 2 3 g9vp figs-123person 0 Let the king ... the king’s official The servants spoke to the king in third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “You should ... your official” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 2 3 f1hs 0 provinces A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST 2 3 j4ka 0 harem where the wives of a man with many wives live
EST 2 3 my1y 0 the fortress This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md).
EST 2 3 xqf9 translate-names 0 Susa See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 2 3 d754 figs-activepassive 0 Let them be put under the care of Hegai, the king’s official, who is in charge of the women This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let Hegai, the king’s official, who is in charge of the women, take care of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 3 lf71 translate-names 0 Hegai This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 2 3 w1ly 0 their cosmetics A “cosmetic” is a substance such as a cream, lotion, or powder that women usually put on their face or body to improve their appearance.
EST 2 4 lh3n figs-123person 0 pleases the king The servants spoke to the king in third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “pleases you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 2 5 h6z2 writing-participants 0 There was a certain Jew This introduces Mordecai as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
EST 2 5 uu9i translate-names 0 Susa Translate the name of this city as in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 2 5 q2rz translate-names 0 son of Jair son of Shimei son of Kish “Jair,” “Shimei,” and “Kish” are men from whom “Mordecai” is the male descendant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 2 5 kw5t 0 a Benjamite “of the tribe of Benjamin”
EST 2 6 egm7 writing-background 0 He had been taken away ... king of Babylonia carried away This background information explains how Mordecai came to live in Susa. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia carried him and other exiles away along with Jehoiachin, king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 6 z7fe 0 He had been taken away from Jerusalem The Hebrew text leaves unclear who is being spoken of here. It is perhaps Kish, who seems to have been the great-grandfather of Mordecai. If it was Mordecai himself, then he would be extremely old at the time of the events concerning Esther. Many modern versions leave this matter unclear. A few versions, including the UST, choose to assume that it was Mordecai who had been taken away from Jerusalem.
EST 2 6 ch1t translate-names 0 Jehoiachin, king of Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 2 7 skt5 writing-background 0 This continues the background information about Mordecai and explains his relationship to Esther. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST 2 7 m9kx translate-names 0 Hadassah This is Esther’s Hebrew name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 2 7 hfm9 0 his uncle’s daughter “his cousin”
EST 2 7 ccb1 0 she had neither father nor mother “her father and mother had died”
EST 2 7 jl3y 0 took her as his own daughter “cared for her as if she was his own daughter”
EST 2 8 c52i figs-activepassive 0 When the king’s order and decree were proclaimed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “After the king commanded that they search for some beautiful women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 8 qz1y 0 proclaimed “announced”
EST 2 8 m3ld figs-activepassive 0 many young women were brought This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they brought many young women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 8 mbk1 figs-activepassive 0 They were put under Hegai’s care This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Hegai began to take care of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 8 n3zc figs-activepassive 0 Esther also was taken into the king’s palace and put under the care of Hegai, the overseer of the women This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Hegai, the overseer of the women, also began to take care of Esther when they brought her to the king’s palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 9 wqb3 figs-doublet 0 The young girl pleased him, and she found favor with him These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how much she pleased him. Alternate translation: “The young girl greatly pleased him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST 2 9 f8i8 0 The young girl “Esther”
EST 2 11 nz1p 0 about Esther’s welfare “how Esther was doing” or “about Esther’s well-being”
EST 2 12 jcj8 writing-background 0 General Information: Verses 12-14 are background information about the customs for the women who became the king’s wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST 2 12 p7i5 0 complying with the regulations for the women “acting in accordance with the requirements for the women”
EST 2 13 v133 figs-activepassive 0 whatever she desired was given to her This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she could take whatever she desired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 14 leb8 writing-background 0 This continues the background information that began in [Esther 2:12](../02/12.md) about the customs for the women who became the king’s wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST 2 14 ded5 figs-explicit 0 in the morning It is implied that this is the following morning. This information can be made clear. Alternate translation: “the next morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 14 lq9h translate-numbers 0 second house “a different house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 2 14 yw63 0 to the custody of Shaashgaz, ... concubines “to where Shaashgaz, ... concubines would take care of her”
EST 2 14 ze74 0 custody “supervision” or “protection”
EST 2 14 q5yx translate-names 0 Shaashgaz This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 2 15 jk51 writing-newevent 0 daughter of Abihail, the uncle of Mordecai, who had taken her as his own daughter This background information reminds the reader of Esther’s relationship to Mordecai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST 2 15 mg8y translate-names 0 Abihail Esther’s father and Mordecai’s uncle (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 2 15 qx3u 0 she did not ask for anything but what This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “she asked only for what”
EST 2 15 vw9r translate-names 0 Hegai See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 2:3](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 2 15 z519 figs-idiom 0 received the favor of all This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “pleased all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 2 16 jr5s translate-hebrewmonths 0 the tenth month, which is the month of Tebeth “Tebeth” is the name of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part December and the first part January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 2 16 x6yg translate-ordinal 0 seventh year “year number 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 2 17 p3s7 0 The king loved This is the romantic use of the word “love.”
EST 2 17 bcu8 figs-idiom 0 received acceptance and favor before him These idioms mean the same thing and emphasize how much the Esther pleased the king. Alternate translation: “greatly pleased him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST 2 17 sym3 translate-symaction 0 set the royal crown on her head The king did this to show that he was making her his queen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 2 18 b1hd figs-explicit 0 “Esther’s feast,” It may be helpful to state that this is the name of the feast. Alternate translation: “he called it, ‘Esther’s feast,’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 18 ufm8 0 he granted relief from taxation to the provinces “he collected fewer taxes from the provinces than he had been collecting”
EST 2 18 n5cv 0 provinces A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST 2 19 g38f 0 when the virgins had been gathered together a second time It is unclear when this second gathering happened, and why. Therefore some versions have altered the text somewhat. It is probably best to translate it as it is written.
EST 2 19 p842 translate-numbers 0 a second time “one more time” or “an additional time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 2 19 a23f 0 Mordecai was sitting at the king’s gate Possible meanings are 1) Mordecai sat there so he could hear how Esther was doing from the many people who passed through the gate or 2) “sitting at the king’s gate” is an idiom that means Mordecai was given a position of authority by the king.
EST 2 19 i8in 0 the king’s gate “the gate to the king’s palace”
EST 2 22 y7tv figs-activepassive 0 When the matter was revealed to Mordecai This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When Mordecai learned about what they were planning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 22 dgp3 figs-idiom 0 in the name of Mordecai This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “on behalf of Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 2 23 ld4y figs-activepassive 0 The report was investigated and confirmed, and both the men were hanged This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king investigated and confirmed the report, and ordered his servants to hang both men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 23 y28j translate-unknown 0 a gallows This was a structure used for killing people by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around their necks and hanging them from it. Alternate translation: “a frame for hanging people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 2 23 g9nh figs-activepassive 0 This account was written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They recorded this account” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 3 intro zb26 0 # Esther 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Haman plots against the Jews<br><br>Mordecai considered prostrating himself before Haman. This would be considered to be worship. It was wrong to worship someone other than Yahweh. Because of this, he refused to do it on religious grounds. This made Haman angry so he decided to kill all the Jews in the Persian Empire.<br>
EST 3 1 ir5v translate-names 0 Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king’s officials. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 3 1 ptm4 figs-idiom 0 placed his seat of authority above all the officials who were with him Here “seat of authority” represents his position or status in the government. Alternate translation: “promoted him above the other officials” or “gave him more authority than all the other officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 3 2 e25k translate-symaction 0 knelt ... prostrated These acts represent submission to the authority of Haman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 3 2 fg8v 0 prostrated themselves to Haman “humbled themselves and lay flat on the ground before Haman”
EST 3 4 uek4 0 to see if the matter about Mordecai would remain like that “to find out what Haman would do about Mordecai’s actions”
EST 3 5 njt5 translate-symaction 0 did not kneel and bow down Mordecai showed disrespect for Haman’s status in the government by not doing these actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 3 5 wk8p figs-metaphor 0 Haman was filled with rage Here Haman’s rage is spoken of as something that could fill him up. Alternate translation: “Haman became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 3 6 k5h9 0 He had contempt for the idea of killing only Mordecai “He rejected the idea of killing just Mordecai.” This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “He decided to kill more than just Mordecai”
EST 3 6 hue9 0 exterminate all the Jews “get rid of all the Jews” or “kill all the Jews”
EST 3 7 zl12 translate-ordinal 0 In the first month “In month one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 3 7 wyv6 translate-hebrewmonths 0 which is the month of Nisan “Nisan” is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 3 7 tw99 translate-ordinal 0 in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus “in year number 12 of King Ahasuerus” or “when King Ahasuerus had reigned for about twelve years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 3 7 g4lt translate-names 0 the Pur—that is the lot—was thrown “they cast the Pur—that is the lot—” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 3 7 k3vd translate-ordinal 0 the twelfth month “month twelve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 3 7 ih4b translate-hebrewmonths 0 the month of Adar “Adar” is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of February and the first part of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 3 8 aig9 0 a certain people “a group of people” This refers to the Jews as an ethnic group.
EST 3 8 p4a8 0 scattered and distributed “who live in many different places”
EST 3 8 id3h 0 provinces A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST 3 8 r34x figs-123person 0 the king’s ... the king Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “your ... you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 3 8 bf9g 0 it is not suitable for the king to let them stay “the king should not let them remain.” This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “the king should remove them”
EST 3 9 eh3w figs-synecdoche 0 I will weigh out ... into the hands of those Here “hands” stands for the men. To “weigh out” is an idiom that means to pay them. Alternate translation: “I will pay ... to the men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 3 9 lhv5 translate-bmoney 0 ten thousand talents of silver “330 metric tons of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 3 10 c9md 0 signet ring a special ring that could be used to imprint the king’s official seal on a proclamation
EST 3 11 sz4b figs-activepassive 0 I will see that the money is given back to you The meaning of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) “I will return the money to you” or 2) “Take the money and give it to the men just as you have said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 3 12 hx6c figs-activepassive 0 the king’s scribes were summoned ... a decree containing all that Haman had commanded was written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king summoned his scribes ... they wrote a decree containing all that Haman had commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 3 12 t6qa translate-hebrewmonths 0 thirteenth day of the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The thirteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 3 12 th6l 0 king’s provincial governors “governors of the provinces.” Translate “province” as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST 3 12 lyf2 figs-activepassive 0 It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and was sealed with his ring This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They wrote the decree in the name of King Ahasuerus and Haman sealed it with the king’s signet ring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 3 12 h6xp figs-metonymy 0 in the name of Here “name” represents the authority of the king. Alternate translation: “in the authority of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 3 13 hxx6 figs-activepassive 0 Documents were hand-delivered by couriers This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Couriers hand-delivered the documents” or “Courtiers gave the documents directly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 3 13 xs6g figs-doublet 0 annihilate, kill, and destroy These words mean the same thing and emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Alternate translation: “completely destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST 3 13 g5br translate-ordinal 0 thirteenth day of the twelfth month “day thirteen of month twelve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 3 13 i5ur translate-hebrewmonths 0 which is the month of Adar “Adar” is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. The thirteenth day is near the beginning of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 3 14 tj7n figs-activepassive 0 A copy of the letter was made law in every province This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The officials in every province made a copy of the letter become the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 3 14 vga2 0 province A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST 3 14 l9w7 figs-activepassive 0 In every province it was made known to all the people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They told all the people in every province” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 3 14 f6dc 0 this day “that day”
EST 3 15 i12c figs-activepassive 0 The decree was also distributed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They also distributed the decree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 3 15 m927 0 the fortress This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md).
EST 3 15 nlk8 translate-names 0 Susa See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 3 15 wm4u 0 was in turmoil “was in a state of great confusion”
EST 4 intro z7u2 0 # Esther 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Mordecai warns Esther to act<br><br>Mordecai tells Esther she must beg the king for the Jews’ lives, even if she risks her own death.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Implicit information<br><br>There is implicit information translators may not understand. “Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?” This means “maybe God made you the queen so you could save the Jews.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
EST 4 1 nya6 0 learned of all that had been done “found out about those letters”
EST 4 1 vgy8 translate-symaction 0 tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes These acts are signs of severe sadness. Alternate translation: “tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes to show his grief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 4 3 e73y 0 province A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST 4 5 lp8m figs-activepassive 0 one of the king’s officials who had been assigned to serve her This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “one of the officials whom the king had assigned to serve her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 4 6 icg7 translate-names 0 Hathak See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 4:5](../04/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 4 6 mgl5 0 the city square “the city plaza”
EST 4 7 zq3s translate-names 0 Haman See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 4 8 zt49 0 He also gave him “Mordecai also gave Hathak”
EST 4 8 gds6 0 to beg for his favor “to beg for the king’s favor”
EST 4 11 d9mh 0 if any man or woman goes to the king ... the king holds out the golden scepter This conditional clause can be expressed as a statement. It may also be helpful to divide it into two sentences. Alternate translation: “no man or woman is allowed to go to the king inside the inner courtyard unless the king summons them. The person who breaks this law will be executed unless the king holds out his golden scepter to him”
EST 4 11 gv1v translate-numbers 0 thirty days “30 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 4 14 i1uy figs-personification 0 relief and rescue will rise up for the Jews from another place Here “relief” and “rescue” are spoken of as if they are living things that can rise up. Alternate translation: “someone else will rise up from another place and rescue the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EST 4 14 dtg7 figs-rquestion 0 Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this? The purpose of this question is to have Esther think deeply about her role in this situation. Alternate translation: “Who knows, perhaps it was for just for a time like this that you were made queen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EST 4 16 d6cq translate-names 0 Susa See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 4 16 t2wg translate-symaction 0 fast for me ... will fast Fasting was a symbolic act that the Jews did when they were praying intensely. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “fast and pray for me ... will fast and pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 4 16 qw8v translate-numbers 0 three days “3 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 intro k5ff 0 # Esther 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about Haman’s fall (Chapters 5-7).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Esther’s respect<br>Esther approached the king with the utmost of respect. By doing this, her character became respected by the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
EST 5 1 uk7p 0 facing the entrance to the house “across the room from the entrance of the house” or “looking toward the entrance to the house”
EST 5 2 pw4x figs-metaphor 0 she received approval in his eyes The word “eyes” refers to his sight and is a metaphor for his evaluation of her. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he was pleased with her” or “he approved of her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 5 3 c6h7 figs-activepassive 0 Up to half of my kingdom, it will be given to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you ask for up to half of my kingdom, I will give it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 5 4 m3uy figs-123person 0 If it pleases the king, let the king and Haman come ... for him In order to show respect to a king, people sometimes did not call him “you.” This can be translated with the word “you” along with other words that show respect. Alternate translation: “O King, if it pleases you, come and bring Haman ... for you” or “If you are willing to do this, Sir, come, and let Haman come with you .. for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 5 4 nx4v translate-names 0 Haman See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 5 6 d5wr figs-abstractnouns 0 What is your petition The abstract noun “petition” can be expressed with the verb “ask for” or “want”? Alternate translation: “What do you ask for” or “What do you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 5 6 e2v2 figs-activepassive 0 It will be granted you This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give you what you ask for” or “I will do for you what you ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 5 6 q5nt figs-abstractnouns 0 What is your request The abstract noun “request” can be expressed with the verb “ask for” or “want”? Alternate translation: “What do you ask for” or “What do you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 5 6 pj3p figs-activepassive 0 Up to half of the kingdom, it will be granted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you ask for up to half of my kingdom, I will give it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 5 7 r4aw figs-doublet 0 My petition and my request The words “petition” and “request” mean the same thing. She probably used these words together as a way of speaking very formally and respectfully to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST 5 8 c2jy figs-123person 0 if I have found favor in the eyes of the king and if it pleases the king In order to show respect to a king, people sometimes did not call him “you.” This can be translated with the word “you” along with other words that show respect. Alternate translation: “if you are pleased with me, O King, and if it pleases you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 5 8 c2br figs-idiom 0 if I have found favor in the eyes of the king “Find favor” here is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. “In the eyes of the king” is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if the king evaluates me and approves” or “if the king is pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 5 8 x8hf figs-123person 0 let the king and Haman come This can be translated with the word “you” along with other words that show respect. Alternate translation: “please come and bring Haman” or “please come and let Haman come with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 5 8 gf9b figs-123person 0 I will answer the king’s question This can be translated with the word “you” along with other words that show respect. Alternate translation: “I will answer your question” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 5 9 dkg6 translate-symaction 0 Mordecai neither rose up Rising was a sign of respect. Mordecai did not give Haman special respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 5 9 s47u figs-metaphor 0 he was filled with rage Being “filled with rage” represents being very angry. Alternate translation: he was extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 5 10 uc3i 0 Nevertheless This can be translated with a phrase. “Even though he was so angry”
EST 5 10 v5nl figs-metaphor 0 Haman restrained himself Restraining himself represents refusing to do something that he wanted very much to do. Haman wanted to show Mordecai that he was very angry. Alternate translation: “Haman refused to show how angry he was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 5 10 bcn1 translate-names 0 Zeresh This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 5 11 mvm5 figs-abstractnouns 0 Haman recounted to them the splendor of his riches “Splendor” and “riches” are both abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “Haman told them about how great his wealth was” or “Haman told them about the many great things he owned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 5 11 m7fq figs-abstractnouns 0 all the promotions by which the king honored him The abstract noun “promotion” can be expressed with the verb “promote.” It means that the king gave him more important work. Alternate translation: “How the king had promoted him many times and honored him” or “how the king had honored him many times by giving him more important work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 5 11 b7c5 figs-metaphor 0 how he had advanced above all the officials and the servants of the king Advancing above people represents becoming more important than them. Alternate translation: “how he had become more important than all the officials and the servants of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 5 12 w1bm 0 no one else but me This can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “only me”
EST 5 13 wu84 0 is worth nothing to me “does not make me happy” or “does not satisfy me”
EST 5 14 i2f3 translate-unknown 0 a gallows a structure used for killing a person by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around the person’s neck and hanging him from it. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:23](../02/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 5 14 k8zd translate-numbers 0 fifty cubits high “50 cubits high.” You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “twenty-three meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EST 5 14 i8is 0 he had the gallows constructed “he told people to construct the gallows”
EST 5 14 bbs9 0 This pleased Haman “Haman liked this idea”
EST 6 intro i9x7 0 # Esther 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues the story of Haman’s fall.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Approaching the king<br>It was not possible for a person to easily approach the king. Normally, access to him was very limited. There are several events in this chapter which show the layers of protection surrounding the king.<br>
EST 6 2 syd9 translate-names 0 Bigthana and Teresh These are the names of two men. See how your translated their names in [Esther 2:21](../02/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 6 2 u4gi figs-metaphor 0 It was found recorded there Here “found” is an metaphor for learning. Both “found” and “recorded” can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “They found that the writers had recorded there” or “They learned that the writers had written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 6 3 lmz6 figs-activepassive 0 What was done to give honor This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “What did I do to give honor” or “What did we do to give honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 6 3 n2az figs-activepassive 0 Nothing was done for him This can be expressed in active form. However it may be good to find a way that does not give the impression that servants were accusing the king. Alternate translation: “No one did anything for Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 6 4 ys6c 0 Haman See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md)
EST 6 4 guv8 0 the outer courtyard “the first courtyard from the outside”
EST 6 4 vu7p figs-explicit 0 hanging Mordecai It can be made clear what the purpose of hanging him was. Alternate translation: “killing Mordecai by hanging him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 4 at53 translate-unknown 0 the gallows he set up for him The gallows was a structure that was used to kill people by hanging them from it. See how you translated “gallows” in [Esther 5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: “the structure Haman set up for hanging Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 6 4 rg8t 0 set up “built”
EST 6 6 ky5i figs-123person 0 What should be done for the man whom the king takes pleasure in honoring Here the king speaks of himself in the third person. This can be stated in first person and in active form. Alternate translation: “What should I do for the man whom I take pleasure in honoring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 6 6 n3r5 figs-idiom 0 the king takes pleasure in honoring Taking pleasure in doing something is an idiom for being glad to do something or wanting to do something. Alternate translation: “the king is glad to honor” or “the king wants to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 6 6 jh4i figs-metaphor 0 said in his heart The heart represents the thoughts and attitudes. Alternate translation: “thought” or “said to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 6 6 yft1 figs-rquestion 0 Whom would the king take pleasure in honoring more than me? This can be expressed as a statement. “Surely there is no one whom the king would take pleasure in honoring more than me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EST 6 8 mz79 figs-activepassive 0 let royal robes be brought This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let someone bring royal robes” or “tell your servants to bring royal robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 6 8 r63j 0 on whose head is the royal crest The word “whose” refers to the horse. The royal crest is a special symbol that represents the king’s family.
EST 6 9 pp3l figs-activepassive 0 Then let the robes and the horse be given This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then let them give the robes and the horse” or “Then tell them to give the robes and the horse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 6 9 pfz6 0 Let them dress ... in honoring, and let them lead him “Tell them to dress ... in honoring and to lead him”
EST 6 9 qs3k 0 Let them proclaim “Tell the noble official and servants to proclaim”
EST 6 10 gln7 0 Do not fail in a single matter of what you have said The phrase “a single matter” emphasizes that he must do absolutely everything he said. It can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Be sure to do absolutely everything you have said”
EST 6 12 uri5 translate-symaction 0 with his head covered People often covered their head to show that they were either extremely sad or ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 6 13 pkd2 translate-names 0 Zeresh See how you translated this woman’s name in [Esther 6:13](../06/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 6 13 fd5k figs-metaphor 0 before whom you have begun to fall ... you will certainly fall before him They spoke as if Haman and Mordecai were in a battle, and Haman was beginning to lose the battle. Here “to fall” represents being dishonored and defeated. Alternate translation: “who has already humiliated you ... he will certainly defeat you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 6 13 nan5 figs-metaphor 0 you will not overcome him “you will not win against him.” They spoke as if Haman and Mordecai were in a battle. Here overcoming a person represents having greater honor than that person. Alternate translation: “you will not have greater honor than he has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 7 intro x4w3 0 # Esther 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Haman’s fall concludes in this chapter.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Covering Haman’s face<br><br>When “the servants covered Haman’s face,” they were showing that he had been condemned to be executed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]])<br>
EST 7 1 n8vb translate-names 0 Haman See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 7 2 xt9f 0 On this second day “on this second day of feasting”
EST 7 2 s5ae 0 while they were serving wine “while the servants were pouring the wine and giving it to them”
EST 7 2 p1xt figs-abstractnouns 0 What is your petition The abstract noun “petition” can be expressed with the verb “ask for” or “want.” Alternate translation: “What do you ask for” or “What do you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 7 2 sem7 figs-activepassive 0 It will be granted to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give you what you ask for” or “I will do for you what you ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 7 2 yks7 figs-activepassive 0 Up to half of the kingdom, and it will be granted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you ask for up to half of my kingdom, I will give it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 7 3 k27c figs-idiom 0 If I have found favor in your eyes, king “Find favor” here is an idiom that means to be approved of or that he is pleased with her. “In your eyes” is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “If you evaluate me and approve” or “If you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 7 3 bvi1 figs-abstractnouns 0 this is my petition The abstract noun “petition” can be expressed with the verb “ask for.” Alternate translation: “this is what I ask for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 7 4 fhs7 figs-metaphor 0 For we have been sold The metaphor “being sold” represents being betrayed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For someone has betrayed us” or “For someone has put us in danger of our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 7 4 e9cx figs-doublet 0 to be destroyed, killed, and annihilated Here all three words have the same meaning and are used for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for our enemies to destroy, kill, and annihilate us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 7 5 dl4b figs-idiom 0 Where is this person to be found who has filled his heart to do such a thing To fill one’s heart to do something is an idiom meaning to dare to do something. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Where is the one who has dared to so such a thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 7 6 ar4f 0 was terrified “was extremely afraid”
EST 7 7 bzd4 figs-idiom 0 The king got up in a rage Being in a rage is an idiom for being extremely angry. Alternate translation: “The king was extremely angry and got up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 7 7 uaq6 0 to beg for his life from Queen Esther “to beg Queen Esther to save his life”
EST 7 7 qz1m figs-metaphor 0 He saw that disaster was being decided Here seeing represents realizing or understanding. Alternate translation: “He realized that disaster was being decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 7 7 nin1 figs-activepassive 0 disaster was being decided against him by the king This can be stated in active form. The abstract noun “disaster” can be expressed with the more concrete verbs “destroy” or “kill.” Alternate translation: “the king was deciding to cause a disaster against him” or “the king was deciding to destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 7 8 mxd2 figs-activepassive 0 where the wine had been served This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where servants had served the wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 7 8 thq6 figs-rquestion 0 Will he assault the queen in my presence in my own house? The king uses this question to show his shock and anger at what Haman was doing. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He even dares to attack the queen in my presence and in my own house!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EST 7 8 l4ce figs-euphemism 0 assault the queen “attack the queen.” This phrase is a polite way to refer to rape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EST 7 8 adq6 figs-metonymy 0 As soon as this sentence came out of the king’s mouth Speech coming out of the mouth is a metonym that represents speaking. Alternate translation: “As soon as the king said this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 7 8 ju8q figs-explicit 0 the servants covered Haman’s face Apparently they did this because they understood that the king wanted Haman to be killed. Alternate translation: “the servants covered Haman’s face as a sign that he would be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 7 9 sre1 translate-numbers 0 A gallows fifty cubits tall You may convert “fifty cubits” to a modern measure. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: “A gallows twenty-three meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EST 7 10 umd4 figs-metaphor 0 Then the king’s rage died down The king’s rage is a spoken of as if it were a large fire that became smaller. Alternate translation: “Then the king’s rage lessened” or “Then the king was not so angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 intro z6j7 0 # Esther 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s protection<br>Yahweh is at work in this chapter preventing the Jews from possible destruction. God used Esther and Mordecai to protect their people.<br>
EST 8 1 nm3u 0 Haman See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md).
EST 8 2 m5hz translate-unknown 0 signet ring This ring had the king’s name or mark on it. When he put a wax seal on important papers, he would press the mark onto the seal. If a paper had this mark on its seal, people would know that what was written on the paper was written with the king’s authority and had to be obeyed. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:10](../03/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 8 2 z5yn 0 gave it to Mordecai By giving his signet ring to Mordecai, the king gave Mordecai the authority to write important papers that people would have to obey.
EST 8 2 d2tj 0 Haman’s estate This refers to the things that had belonged to Haman and that the king had given to Esther.
EST 8 3 uh2a 0 pleaded with “begged”
EST 8 3 jmn7 figs-explicit 0 to put an end to the evil plan of Haman the Agagite “Put an end to” here is an idiom meaning to stop something. Alternate translation: “to stop the evil plan of Haman the Agagite” or “to prevent the evil things from happening that Haman the Agagite had planned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 4 xh24 0 the king held out the golden scepter to Esther He did this to show that he was pleased with her. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 5:2](../05/02.md)
EST 8 5 w7yl 0 If it pleases the king “If what I ask for pleases the king”
EST 8 5 ftc7 figs-idiom 0 if I have found favor in your eyes Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you have evaluated me and approve” or “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 5 h8zb figs-metaphor 0 if the thing seems right before the king “Before the king” here is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if what I ask for seems right in the king’s evaluation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 5 xci7 figs-metonymy 0 I am pleasing in your eyes Here “your eyes” is a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you evaluate me and I please you” or “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 5 nbk3 0 revoke take back and make of no effect
EST 8 5 s7bt translate-names 0 Hammedatha This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 8 5 q2iz 0 provinces A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST 8 6 udt6 figs-rquestion 0 For how could I bear to see disaster fall on my people? How could I endure watching the destruction of my relatives? Esther used these questions to show that she would be extremely sad if her people were to be destroyed. Alternate translation: “I cannot bear to see disaster fall on the Jews. I cannot endure watching my relatives be killed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EST 8 7 h44h figs-synecdoche 0 the house of Haman This represents all that Haman had owned. Alternate translation: “all that had belonged to Haman” or “all of Haman’s property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EST 8 8 j3mn figs-metonymy 0 Write ... in the name of the king Writing something in the king’s name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 8 8 t52i figs-activepassive 0 For the decree ... ring cannot be revoked This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For no one can revoke the decree ... ring” or “For no one can cancel the decree ... ring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 8 8 i9nn figs-explicit 0 For the decree ... ring cannot be revoked The information given between the words “decree” and “cannot” is the reason that the king cannot revoke Haman’s decree. It can be shown clearly that it was the reason with the word “because.” Alternate translation: “For I cannot revoke the decree that has already been written, because it was written in the king’s name and sealed with the king’s ring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 8 fg72 figs-metonymy 0 decree that has already been written in the king’s name Writing something in the king’s name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 8 9 s4ue figs-activepassive 0 the king’s scribes were called This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king called his scribes.” The reader should understand that the king probably told an official to go and bring the scribes back with him. The king probably did not call out with a loud voice to get them to come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 9 j356 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the third month, which is the month of Sivan, on the twenty-third day of the month “Sivan” is the name of the third month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-third day is near the middle of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 8 9 sz6j figs-activepassive 0 A decree was written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They wrote a decree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 8 9 zp4q translate-numbers 0 127 provinces “one hundred and twenty-seven provinces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 8 9 bvt4 0 provinces A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST 8 9 bj5s 0 written in their own writing “written in their own script.” There are different writing systems around the world.
EST 8 10 ijp2 figs-metonymy 0 wrote in the name of King Ahasuerus Writing something in the king’s name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 8 10 p9uc figs-explicit 0 bred from the royal stud The royal stud was the king’s best male horse. The horses that were used in the king’s service were its offspring. Alternate translation: “the offspring of the king’s best horse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 11 ig7u 0 gave to the Jews ... permission to gather “told the Jews ... that he was allowing them to gather”
EST 8 11 e1mj figs-metaphor 0 make a stand This is a metaphor for fighting back and not running away. Alternate translation: “fight back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 13 qk1d figs-idiom 0 to take vengeance on their enemies “To take vengeance on people” here is an idiom meaning to hurt people who have hurt you. Alternate translation: “to fight back against their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 8 14 b69j figs-idiom 0 They went without delay “Without delay” here is an idiom meaning that they did not delay or wait. Alternate translation: “They went immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 8 14 s4qi translate-names 0 Susa This is the city where the king’s palace was. See how you translated it in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 8 15 eqc4 figs-metonymy 0 the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced The “city” represents the people living in it. Alternate translation: “the people of the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 8 15 i1ec figs-hendiadys 0 shouted and rejoiced The word “rejoiced” tells how they shouted. Alternate translation: “shouted joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
EST 8 16 q2ru figs-metaphor 0 had light and gladness Possible meanings are that 1) having light is a metaphor for being happy. Alternate translation: “were happy and glad” or 2) having light is metaphor for feeling prosperous and safe. Alternate translation: “felt safe and were glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 16 n94u figs-explicit 0 honor Possible meanings are that 1) other people honored the Jews. Alternate translation: “other people honored them” or 2) the Jews felt honored. Alternate translation: “they felt honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 17 k1eh 0 province A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST 8 17 va7t figs-metaphor 0 wherever the king’s decree reached Reaching places represents going to places. Alternate translation: “wherever the king’s men took his decree” or “wherever the king’s decree was read” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 17 r3qf figs-metaphor 0 the fear of the Jews had fallen on them Fear falling on people represents people becoming very afraid. Alternate translation: “they had become very afraid of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 9 intro yty1 0 # Esther 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Purim<br>The events of this chapter were so significant, the Jews celebrated these events every year after this. It is known as “Purim.”<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Ironic Situation<br>The day that was supposed to bring great victory to the enemies of the Jews became a day of great victory for the Jews. This is a type of irony.<br>
EST 9 1 t9yc 0 the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, on the thirteenth day See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 3:13](../03/13.md).
EST 9 1 wh56 figs-idiom 0 when the king’s law and decree were about to be carried out “Carry out” here is an idiom meaning to do something that was commanded or planned. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the people were about to obey the king’s law and decree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 9 1 ect2 figs-idiom 0 to gain power over them Gaining power over people is an idiom for defeating them. Alternate translation: “to defeat the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 9 1 lq9y figs-metaphor 0 it was reversed “the situation was reversed.” The situation being reversed is a metaphor meaning that the opposite of what was expected happened. Alternate translation: “the opposite happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 9 2 t3lz 0 provinces A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST 9 2 tj62 figs-metonymy 0 to lay hands on those who tried to bring disaster on them Laying hands on people is a metonym for fighting against them. Alternate translation: “to fight their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 9 2 d44x figs-idiom 0 who tried to bring disaster on them To bring disaster on people is an idiom meaning to cause a disaster to happen to them. In this case it refers to destroying them. Alternate translation: “who tried to destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 9 2 x8s3 figs-metonymy 0 No one could stand against them Standing against people represents resisting their attack. Alternate translation: “No one could resist the attack of the Jews” or “No one could successfully fight against the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 9 2 h7jh figs-metaphor 0 the fear of them had fallen on all the peoples Fear falling on people represents people becoming very afraid. Alternate translation: “all the peoples had become very afraid of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 9 3 xn99 0 provincial governors “governors of the provinces”
EST 9 3 q2ue figs-metaphor 0 the fear of Mordecai had fallen on them Fear falling on people represents people becoming afraid. Alternate translation: “they had become afraid of Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 9 4 xd49 0 was great in the king’s house “was very important in the king’s palace”
EST 9 4 mr66 figs-metaphor 0 his fame spread throughout all the provinces Fame spreading through places represents people in those places learning about how great he was. Alternate translation: “throughout the provinces people learned about how great he was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 9 6 g8ht 0 the fortress This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md).
EST 9 6 b5ft translate-names 0 Susa This was a royal city of Persian kings. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 9 10 fsa2 translate-numbers 0 ten sons “10 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 9 10 tv36 translate-names 0 Haman This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king’s officials. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 9 10 r3bi translate-names 0 Hammedatha See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 9 12 cz3e translate-numbers 0 five hundred men “500 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 9 12 j5p9 translate-numbers 0 ten sons “10 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 9 12 vh5l figs-rquestion 0 What then have they done in the rest of the king’s provinces? The king uses this question to show that he believes that the Jews must have also killed many people in the other provinces. Alternate translation: “What they must have done in the rest of the king’s provinces!” or “They must have killed many more in the rest of the king’s provinces!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EST 9 12 s3sr figs-abstractnouns 0 what is your petition? The abstract noun “petition” can be expressed with the verb “ask for” or “want.” Alternate translation: “what do you ask for?” or “what do you want?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 9 12 n3ua figs-activepassive 0 It will be granted you This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give you what you ask for” or “I will do for you what you ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 9 12 ly4g figs-abstractnouns 0 What is your request? The abstract noun “request” can be expressed with the verb “ask for” or “want.” Alternate translation: “What do you ask for?” or “What do you want?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 9 13 nz41 figs-idiom 0 to carry out this day’s decree tomorrow also “Carry out” here is an idiom meaning to do something that was commanded or planned. Alternate translation: “to obey today’s decree tomorrow also” or “to do tomorrow also what was decreed that they should do today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 9 13 nr1p translate-numbers 0 ten sons “10 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 9 13 qyu8 translate-unknown 0 gallows This was a structure used for killing people by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around their necks and hanging them from it. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:23](../02/23.md). Alternate translation: “a frame for hanging people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 9 15 lp12 figs-metonymy 0 laid no hands on the plunder Laying their hands on things represents taking them. Alternate translation: “took none of the plunder” or “did not take any of the plunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 9 16 m2cx figs-metonymy 0 they did not lay their hands on the valuables of those they killed Laying their hands on things represents taking them. Alternate translation: “they did not take any of the valuables of the people they killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 9 16 kms1 0 valuables “valuable things” or “possessions”
EST 9 17 kjj1 0 On the fourteenth day they rested “On the fourteenth day of Adar the Jews who were in the provinces rested”
EST 9 18 w531 figs-explicit 0 the Jews who were in Susa assembled together Why they assembled together can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the Jews who were in Susa assembled together to fight against their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 21 n4v9 figs-idiom 0 to keep the fourteenth and the fifteenth day of Adar every year To keep a day is an idiom that means to celebrate it. Alternate translation: “to celebrate the fourteenth and fifteenth days of Adar every year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 9 22 nch1 figs-metaphor 0 their sorrow turned to joy Turning represents changing. The abstract nouns sorrow and joy can be expressed with “sad” and “joyful.” Alternate translation: “they changed from being very sad to being joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 9 24 ib25 translate-names 0 Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king’s officials. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 9 24 bcy2 0 he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots) “Pur” was the Persian word for “lot.” The phrase “he threw lots” explains what “he threw Pur” means.
EST 9 24 xz7s figs-explicit 0 he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots) Why he threw Pur, or lots, can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots) to find out what would be the best day to attack the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 25 m8x3 0 But when the matter came before the king The Hebrew text can also be interpreted to mean, “But when Esther came before the king.” Some modern versions choose this interpretation.
EST 9 25 y57b figs-idiom 0 the wicked plan Haman developed against the Jews should come back on his own head “Come back on his own head” means that it should be done to Haman. Alternate translation: “the wicked plan Haman developed against the Jews should be done to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 9 26 buf1 figs-idiom 0 they called these days Purim, after the name of Pur To call something after something else is an idiom that means to give it the same name or a similar name. Alternate translation: “They called these days Purim, like the word Pur” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 9 26 c1gi translate-names 0 Purim This is the name of the festival that commemorates the salvation of the Jewish people in ancient Persia from Haman’s plot to destroy and kill all the Jews in a single day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 9 26 yq8m figs-explicit 0 the name of Pur. It can be stated clearly what “Pur” means. Alternate translation: “the word Pur, which means ‘lot.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 28 hc8s figs-activepassive 0 These days were to be celebrated and observed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Jews were to celebrate and observe these days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 9 28 i2qk 0 would never cease to faithfully observe This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “would always faithfully observe”
EST 9 29 je8e 0 Queen Esther daughter of Abihail and Mordecai the Jew wrote ... this second letter Esther was the daughter of Abihail. Esther and Mordecai wrote the letter.
EST 9 29 cm8c translate-names 0 Abihail Esther’s father and Mordecai’s uncle. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:15](../02/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 9 29 ku7d translate-numbers 0 second letter “additional letter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 9 30 iw9y figs-activepassive 0 Letters were sent to all the Jews This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They sent letters to all the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 9 30 u389 translate-numbers 0 127 provinces “one hundred and twenty-seven provinces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 9 30 iaf7 figs-abstractnouns 0 wishing the Jews safety and truth The abstract nouns “safety” and “truth” can be expressed with phrases. Alternate translation: “wishing that the Jews would be safe and that people would be faithful to the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 9 31 rl2s figs-metaphor 0 The Jews accepted this obligation for themselves and their descendants Accepting an obligation is a metaphor for agreeing with the obligation. The abstract noun “obligation” can be expressed with the verb “obligate.” Alternate translation: “The Jews agreed and said that they and their descendants were obligated to celebrate the days of Purim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 9 31 rgr9 figs-metaphor 0 they accepted times of fasting and lamenting Accepting times of fasting and lamenting is a metaphor for agreeing to fast and lament at certain times. Alternate translation: “they agreed to fast and lament at certain times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 10 intro h4m4 0 # Esther 10 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Mordecai’s new position<br><br>Through the power of Yahweh, Mordecai was given a new position in the Persian Empire. Mordecai was now the second in command in the kingdom of Persia and he used his position to help other Jews.<br>
EST 10 1 b5ht figs-metonymy 0 imposed a tax on the land and on the coastlands along the sea To impose a tax means to make people pay a tax. The land and coastlands represent the people living there. Alternate translation: “made the people living in the land and on the coastlands along the sea pay a tax” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 10 2 p98n figs-abstractnouns 0 All the achievements of his power and might The abstract noun “achievements” can be expressed with the verb “achieve” or the phrase “do great things. The abstract nouns “power” and “might” can be translated with adjectives. Alternate translation: “All that he achieved because of how powerful and mighty he was” or “All the great things that he did because of his power and might” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 10 2 k7tc figs-metaphor 0 the full account of the greatness of Mordecai to which the king had raised him The king honoring Mordecai is spoken of as if the king physically raised him up. Alternate translation: “the full account of how the King had made it known that Mordecai was great” or “the full account of how the king had honored Mordecai for the great things he had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 10 3 wfb8 0 second in rank to King Ahasuerus “the most important person after King Ahasuerus”
EST 10 3 iui7 figs-metaphor 0 Jewish brothers The word brothers represents people who were like him. Alternate translation: “fellow Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 10 3 wte9 figs-metaphor 0 he sought the welfare of his people Seeking something is a metaphor for working hard for something. The abstract noun “welfare” can be translated as a phrase with the verb “prosper” or the adjective “secure.” Alternate translation: “He worked hard so his people would prosper” or “He worked hard so his people would be secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 10 3 s8f8 0 he spoke for the peace of all his people “he represented his people so that they might have peace”
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