EXO front intro b4pp הָאָבְנָ֑יִם 0 # Introduction to Exodus<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Exodus<br><br>1. Israel in Egypt; preparing to depart from slavery (1–12)<br>- First genealogy (1:1–6)<br>- Israel as slaves in Egypt (1:7–22)<br>- Moses’ history to the time of the Exodus (2:1–4:26)<br>- Israel suffers in Egypt (4:27–6:13)<br>- Second genealogy (6:14–27)<br>- Moses and Aaron go to Pharaoh (6:28–7:25)<br>- The plagues (8:1–11:10)<br>1. Instructions for celebrating the Passover (12:1–30)<br>1. From Egypt to Mount Sinai (12:31–18:27)<br>- The Passover; preparing to leave Egypt; leaving Egypt (12:31–50, 13:1–22)<br>- Journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai (14:1–18:27)<br>1. Mount Sinai and the Law (19-40)<br>- Preparing for the covenant (19:1–25)<br>- The Ten Commandments (20:1–17)<br>- The covenant described (20:18–23:33)<br>- The people agree to the covenant; Moses returns to Mount Sinai (24:1–18)<br>- Design of the tabernacle and its furnishings; what was required of those who serve in it; tabernacle functions (25:1–31:18)<br>- The golden calf; Moses prays for the people (32:1–33:22)<br>- The covenant described again (34:1–35)<br>- Making of the ark and its furnishings (35:1–38:31) and priestly garments (39:1–43, 40:1–33)<br>- The cloud (40:34–38)<br><br>### What is the Book of Exodus about?<br><br>Exodus continues the story of the previous book, Genesis. The first half of Exodus is about how Yahweh made Abraham’s descendants into a nation. This nation, which would be called “Israel,” was meant to belong to Yahweh and worship him. The second half of Exodus describes how God gave the Israelites his law through Moses. The law of Moses told the Israelites how to obey and worship Yahweh properly.<br><br>The Book of Exodus tells how the Israelites were to build the tabernacle. The tabernacle was a tent where Yahweh would be among his people. The Israelites worshiped and sacrificed animals to Yahweh at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>“Exodus” means “exit” or “departure.” Translators may translate this title in a way that can communicate its subject clearly, for example, “About the Israelites Leaving Egypt” or “How the Israelites Left the Land of Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Exodus?<br><br>The writers of both the Old and New Testaments present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Exodus. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.<br><br>### Why did Moses write so much about God delivering or rescuing the people of Israel?<br><br>Moses wrote much about God rescuing his people from the Egyptians to show that Yahweh is very powerful. Egypt was the most powerful nation at that time. And Yahweh was still able to free the Israelites from the Egyptians. Also, by rescuing the Israelites, Yahweh showed that he had chosen them as his people and they should worship him.<br><br>### How does the Book of Exodus show the fulfillment of the promises given to Abraham?<br><br>The Book of Exodus shows God beginning to fulfill his promise to Abraham. In Genesis, God promised Abraham that he would have many descendants and that they would become a large nation. When God rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians, he took them to Mount Sinai. There he made a covenant with them, and they became the nation that belonged to Yahweh.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was the Jewish Passover?<br><br>The Jewish Passover was a religious festival. Yahweh commanded the Israelites to celebrate it every year. Passover was a time to remember how God rescued them from the Egyptians. The first Passover meal was eaten in the evening just before they left Egypt.<br><br>### What was the law of Moses to
EXO 1 intro cj55 וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ 0 # Exodus 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is intended to form a smooth transition with the last chapter of the book of Genesis.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s growth<br>Israel grew in number. This was in fulfillment of the covenant God made with Abraham. It also caused the Egyptians great concern that there would be more Israelites than Egyptians because they would be unable to defend themselves against such a large number of people. Pharaoh also tried to kill all of the male babies so they would not become soldiers who fought against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### End of the famine<br>It is obvious that some time has passed since the beginning of the famine which brought the Israelites into Egypt. Yahweh appears to be punishing the Hebrews for not returning back to the Promised Land instead choosing to stay in Egypt. No return attempt is recorded to have been made. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “All of the descendants of Jacob were seventy in number”<br>This number included both Jacob’s children and grandchildren. It may cause confusion, but it is important to remember Jacob only had 12 sons.
EXO 1 1 851f writing-background 0 Verses 1-7 are background information for the story.(See: \[\[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background\]\])
EXO 1 1 g89k figs-metonymy וּבֵית֖וֹ 0 household - **house** - This refers to all the people who live in a house together, usually a large family with servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 1 1 fxbx figs-go הַבָּאִ֖ים בָּֽאוּ 0 - **came in** - The verb (and particle based on the same) means to come *or* go **in**. In Hebrew, it is not clear whether the narrator's perspective is from inside or outside Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
EXO 1 1 e65z יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יַעֲקֹ֔ב 0 **Jacob** and **Israel** are two names for the same man.
EXO 1 5 fv84 translate-numbers שִׁבְעִ֣ים 0 seventy in number - **70** - “70 in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 1 5 w4ni וַֽיְהִ֗י כָּל־נֶ֛פֶשׁ יֹצְאֵ֥י יֶֽרֶךְ־יַעֲקֹ֖ב שִׁבְעִ֣ים נָ֑פֶשׁ 0 Joseph was already in Egypt - **And all the lives, going out of the loins of Jacob, were 70 lives.** - Compare Genesis 46:26-27, where 66 descendants went down to Egypt and the family was 70 persons.
EXO 1 6 sh42 grammar-connect-time-sequential וַיָּ֤מָת 0 - **And... died** - They all died after coming to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EXO 1 6 g5qg וְכָל־אֶחָ֔יו 0 all his brothers - **all his brothers** - This includes 10 older brothers and 1 younger brother.
EXO 1 6 8g2k figs-possession אֶחָ֔יו 0 - **his brothers** - This an instance of the social relationship possessive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
EXO 1 7 9uwr figs-metonymy וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 0 - **sons of Israel** - This is the first of many times that this means the Israelite nation or people.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 1 7 2ccy figs-doublet פָּר֧וּ וַֽיִּשְׁרְצ֛וּ וַיִּרְבּ֥וּ וַיַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ 0 - **fruitful and propagated and multiplied and were mighty** - This string of verbs emphasizes their numeric growth.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EXO 1 7 uo65 פָּר֧וּ וַיִּרְבּ֥וּ וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ 0 - **fruitful ... and multiplied** - Compare your translation of the verbs here to Genesis 1:28; 9:1, 7; andespecially Genesis35:11 where God renamed Jacob to Israel.
EXO 1 7 nk2l figs-metaphor פָּר֧וּ 0 were fruitful - **fruitful** - The birth of children to the Israelites is spoken of as if they were plants that were producing fruit. Alternate translation: “had many children” or “gave birth to many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 1 7 r2f1 figs-activepassive וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֹתָֽם 0 the land was filled with them - **the land was filled with them** - This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They filled the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 1 7 3tcv figs-doublet בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד 0 - **with exceeding greatness** - Doublet further intensifies idea of numeric growth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EXO 1 7 piq4 אֹתָֽם 0 with them - **them** refers to the Israelites.
EXO 1 8 6m2l grammar-connect-time-sequential וַיָּ֥קָם 0 - **And... arose** - The new king begins ruling after the Israelites have already become many. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EXO 1 8 6y05 writing-newevent וַיָּ֥קָם 0 - **And... arose** - This sentence introduces a new event in the story. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EXO 1 8 470t writing-participants מֶֽלֶךְ־חָדָ֖שׁ 0 - **a new king** - The story begins with the new king.Your language may have a specific way to introduce new events or new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
EXO 1 8 t6jd figs-metonymy 0 arose over Egypt - **Egypt** refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “began to rule over the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 1 8 04cx figs-metonymy לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע אֶת־יוֹסֵֽף 0 - **Joseph** - This refers to Joseph and all the good he did for Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 1 9 tf59 וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֶל־עַמּ֑וֹ 0 He said to his people - **And he said** - “And the king said”
EXO 1 9 aku3 <br>figs-exclamations הִנֵּ֗ה 0 - **Behold** - This statement draws special attention to what is about to be said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
EXO 1 9 x65i figs-possession עַמּ֑וֹ 0 his people - **his people** - They are spoken of as if they belonged to the king. This an instance of the social relationship possessive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
EXO 1 9 t7s1 עַמּ֑וֹ 0 - **his people** - There is some ambiguity as to who exactly Pharaoh was addressing. It could have been: 1) the people who lived in Egypt, the Egyptians or 2) some group of "his people" like his advisors, generals, nobles, or friends and family. Even if option 1 is meant, its quite possible that he actually spoke to some smaller group of representatives as in option 2.
EXO 1 9 jik8 מִמֶּֽנּוּ 0 - **compared to us** - How do you normally compare non-specific sizes of groups of people in your language?
EXO 1 9 njuf figs-quotations הִנֵּ֗ה עַ֚ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רַ֥ב וְעָצ֖וּם מִמֶּֽנּוּ 0 - **“Behold, the people of the sons of Israel are multitudinous and mighty compared to us... from the land** - The beginning of a single layer direct quote, the quote continues until the end of [verse 10](../01/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 1 10 hiq4 figs-inclusive נִֽתְחַכְּמָ֖ה שֹׂ֣נְאֵ֔ינוּ בָּ֖נוּ 0 let us - **let us... hating us... with us** - The word “us” is inclusive and refers to the king and his people, the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
EXO 1 10 8wvb grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical פֶּן־יִרְבֶּ֗ה וְהָיָ֞ה כִּֽי־תִקְרֶ֤אנָה מִלְחָמָה֙ 0 The king suggests a combination of two hypotheticals: <br>1. There are even more Israelites <br>2. There is a battle <br>These are followed by a series of undesirable consequences: <br>3. The Israelites join the enemy <br>4. The Israelites attack the Egyptians <br>5. The Israelites leave Egypt <br>While the series of consequences is also technically hypothetical, the king's language indicates that if 1-2 happen, 3-5 are certain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
EXO 1 10 jc1h וְעָלָ֥ה מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ 0 leave the land - **he leaves from the land** - “the Israelites leave Egypt”
EXO 1 11 x0wh <br>grammar-connect-logic-result וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ 0 - **And they appointed** - The Egyptians took this action because the king's speech made them afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 1 11 y2mi שָׂרֵ֣י 0 taskmasters - **chiefs** - Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work
EXO 1 11 o926 מִסִּ֔ים 0 - **labor gangs** - the plural of *labor* is translated as *labor gangs*.
EXO 1 11 l9lj לְמַ֥עַן עַנֹּת֖וֹ בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם 0 to oppress them with hard labor - **in order to afflict him by their burdens** - “to force the Israelites to do hard work for the Egyptians”
EXO 1 11 pkz4 עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙ 0 store cities - **cities of storage** - These were places where the leaders put food and other important things to keep them safe.
EXO 1 12 c1fy grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְכַאֲשֶׁר֙ יְעַנּ֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ כֵּ֥ן יִרְבֶּ֖ה וְכֵ֣ן יִפְרֹ֑ץ 0 - **And insofar... spread out** - This sentence expresses a result that is opposite of what the king expected. Your language may have a way to express acounter-expectationresult relationship.(See: \[\[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast\]\])
EXO 1 12 fqlb grammar-connect-logic-result כֵּ֥ן יִרְבֶּ֖ה וְכֵ֣ן יִפְרֹ֑ץ וַיָּקֻ֕צוּ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 0 - **And they felt a sickening dread...** - The Egyptians were afraid of the Israelites because of the Israelites' large and growing population. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 1 12 qgzz bita-hq מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 0 - **from the face of the sons of Israel** - Here **face** figuratively means the presence of a person. The phrase means that the Egyptians were afraid of the Israelites' existence in the country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 1 13 j1q6 בְּפָֽרֶךְ 0 made…work rigorously - **caused... to work with rigor** - “made…work very hard” or “harshly made…work”
EXO 1 14 mx6v figs-metaphor וַיְמָרְר֨וּ 0 made their lives bitter - **embittered** - The difficult lives of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were bitter food that was difficult to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 1 14 cuq7 בְּחֹ֨מֶר֙ 0 mortar - **mortar** - This was a wet glue or mud put between bricks or stones that held them together when it dried.
EXO 1 14 gzq7 אֵ֚ת כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃ 0 All their required work was hard - **all their service with which they served them was with rigor** - “The Egyptians made them work very hard” or “The Egyptians forced them to work very hard”
EXO 1 14 5nzx וַיְמָרְר֨וּ בָהֶ֖ם 0 - **they embittered... served them** - These pronouns refer to the Egyptians.
EXO 1 14 acj5 חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם עָבְד֥וּ 0 - **their lives... their service... they served** - These pronouns refer to the Israelites.
EXO 1 15 yoaj writing-newevent וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ 0 - **And... spoke...** - This sentence introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EXO 1 15 zt07 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous<br> וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ 0 - **And... spoke...** - These events happened while the Israelites were enslaved. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
EXO 1 15 hhw1 לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֖ת 0 midwives - **midwives** - These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby.
EXO 1 15 h8f8 translate-names שִׁפְרָ֔ה פּוּעָֽה 0 Shiphrah…Puah - **Shiphrah** and **Puah** - These are Hebrew women’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 1 15 h59t writing-participants שִׁפְרָ֔ה פּוּעָֽה 0 - **the Hebrew midwives** - The midwives are introduced here as new participants in the story. Your language may also have a specific way to introduce new events or new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
EXO 1 16 4wwz וַיֹּ֗אמֶר 0 - **And he said** - The king is speaking.
EXO 1 16 yovg figs-quotations בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙ אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִיּ֔וֹת וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן עַל־הָאָבְנָ֑יִם אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔וֹ וְאִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָחָֽיָה 0 - **When you assist... she shall live** - A direct single layer quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 1 16 5lke figs-youdual בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙ וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן 0 - **you assist... you see... you shall** - These *you*s are plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
EXO 1 16 h3mb figs-metonymy 0 on the birthstool - **on the birth stool** - Women sat on this short stool as they gave birth. Therefore, it is associated with birth. Alternate translation: “as they give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 1 16 nms7 grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔וֹ וְאִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָחָֽיָה 0 - **if he is a son... if she is a daughter...** - These two statements are hypothetical conditions with instructions for what the midwives should do in each situation.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
EXO 1 18 328g grammar-connect-time-sequential וַיִּקְרָ֤א 0 - **And... called** - Some time has passed and the king has heard about what is happening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EXO 1 18 y9g5 לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֔ת 0 midwives - **midwives** - These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:15](../01/15.md).
EXO 1 18 00l4 figs-quotations מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים 0 - **“Why have you done this thing, and let the sons live?”** - A single layer direct quote. This could be translated as an indirect quote: "he asked them why they were letting the sons live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 1 18 q1sy מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים 0 Why have you done this, and let the baby boys live? - **Why have you done this thing, and let the sons live?** - Alternate translation: "Why have you not killed the baby boys?"
EXO 1 18 8onv figs-youdual עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ 0 - **Why have *you* done** - This *you* is plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
EXO 1 19 i8m1 כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ 0 The Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women - **Because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and, before the midwife comes to them, they have given birth** - The midwives appease Pharaoh’s anger with a shrewd excuse. Most likely this was a lie as the previous verse tells that the midwives intentionally disobeyed Pharaoh. The text does not condemn or commend the midwives for this action.
EXO 1 19 7t6z figs-quotations כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ 0 - **Because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and, before the midwife comes to them, they have given birth** - A single layer direct quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 1 19 9gqe grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ 0 The midwives give a reason, *the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women*, then they expand on that reason, *for they are lively (or energetic)*, with the result that *before the midwife comes to them, they have given birth*. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 1 19 0ppa וַתֹּאמַ֤רְןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ 0 - **And the midwives said** - Hebrew uses the plural form here. It may not make sense in your language to say that multiple people said something so you may need to translate it in the singular (see UST).
EXO 1 19 2ivn הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ 0 - **midwives** - These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:15](../01/15.md).
EXO 1 20 eh25 לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֑ת 0 midwives - **midwives** - These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:15](../01/15.md).
EXO 1 20 l8xb וַיֵּ֥יטֶב אֱלֹהִ֖ים לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֑ת 0 God protected these midwives - **And God caused good to the midwives** - God rewards the midwives for being faithful to him and his people.
EXO 1 20 h133 figs-doublet וַיִּ֧רֶב הָעָ֛ם וַיַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ מְאֹֽד 0 The people increased in numbers This doublet emphasizes their numeric growth.(See: \[\[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet\]\])
EXO 1 20 0wpb grammar-connect-logic-result וַיֵּ֥יטֶב אֱלֹהִ֖ים לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֑ת 0 - **And God caused good to the midwives** - This phrase is more logically connected to the statements in verse 21. It describes the *result* of the midwives fearing God with a general statement. You may need to rearrange vs 20-21 so that the reason (vs 21) comes before both the general and specific results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 1 21 3q9e <br>grammar-connect-logic-result וַיְהִ֕י כִּֽי־יָֽרְא֥וּ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֖ת אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים 0 - **since the midwives feared God** - This is the *reason* for what God did. You may need to rearrange vs 20-21 so that the reason (vs 21) comes before both the general and specific results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 1 21 pbve <br>grammar-connect-logic-result וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לָהֶ֖ם בָּתִּֽים 0 - **he made houses for them** - This describes the *result* of the midwives fearing God with a specific statement. You may need to rearrange vs 20-21 so that the reason (vs 21) comes before both the general and specific results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 1 21 jx9c וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לָהֶ֖ם בָּתִּֽים 0 he gave them families - **he made houses for them** - God blessed the midwives with households of their own.
EXO 1 22 9olb grammar-connect-time-sequential 0 - **And... ordered** - after Pharaoh's unsuccessful plan to kill baby boys discretely he issues an openly genocidal command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EXO 1 22 ld1j figs-explicit 0 You must throw every son…into the river - **You shall throw every new-born son into the river** - This order was given in order to drown the male children. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “You must…into the river so they will drown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 1 22 a6b2 figs-quotations 0
EXO 1 22 stag figs-youdual 0
EXO 2 intro rwf3 0 # Exodus 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br><br>### Covenant<br>God begins to relate to the Israelites based on his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.<br><br><br>### Moses’ heritage<br>In the first part of this chapter, Pharaoh’s daughter recognizes Moses as being a Hebrew, but in the last part of this chapter, the Midianites believe him to be an Egyptian.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Identification of participants<br>- Moses is the only participant named in most of this chapter. This is because many of the participants play very minor roles and because this part of the story is focusing on Moses' life.<br><br>### Ironic situations<br>- While Pharaoh tried to diminish the power of the Israelites by killing all of their baby boys, God used Pharaoh’s own daughter to save Moses.<br><br><br>- Moses believes he is meant to be the rescuer of his people, but they reject him. Ultimately, Moses was correct, but God had not yet sent him for that mission.
EXO 2 1 wvj9 writing-newevent וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ 0 Now - **And... went** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main event. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the narrative. If you have a way of doing this in your language, consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EXO 2 1 riy7 writing-participants אִ֖ישׁ בַּת 0 - **a man... a daughter** - These are new participants. They remain unnamed until [Exodus 6:20](../06/20.md) where they are identified as Amram and Jochebed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
EXO 2 1 40u9 figs-idiom וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־בַּת־לֵוִֽי 0 - **took a daughter of Levi** - This is an idiom for marrying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 2 2 s49k ט֣וֹב 0 - **good** - Alternative translations: "pleasing," "fine," or "healthy" (UST)
EXO 2 2 d4ad grammar-connect-time-sequential וַתַּ֥הַר וַתֵּ֣לֶד וַתֵּ֤רֶא 0 - **And the woman conceived... and she birthed... and she saw** - A series of consecutive events. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EXO 2 2 q4c0 grammar-connect-logic-result וַֽתִּצְפְּנֵ֖הוּ 0 - **and she hid him** - A result of seeing that he was good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 2 3 2ydu grammar-connect-time-sequential וְלֹא־יָכְלָ֣ה 0 - **And she was not able...** - After the three months. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EXO 2 3 o0hg grammar-connect-logic-result וַתִּֽקַּֽח 0 - **and she took...** - As a result of being unable to hide him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 2 3 t2gj תֵּ֣בַת גֹּ֔מֶא 0 papyrus basket - **an ark of papyrus reeds** - This is a basket made from a tall grass that grows by the Nile River in Egypt.
EXO 2 3 tn3y figs-explicit וַתַּחְמְרָ֥ה בַחֵמָ֖ר וּבַזָּ֑פֶת 0 sealed it with bitumen and pitch - **she daubed it with bitumen and with pitch** - You could explicitly state that this was to keep out water. Alternate translation: “spread tar on it to keep water from getting into it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 2 3 wpb6 וַתַּחְמְרָ֥ה 0 sealed - **daubed** means that she applied a waterproof coating.
EXO 2 3 ym3k translate-unknown בַחֵמָ֖ר 0 bitumen - **bitumen** - This is a sticky black paste made from petroleum. It can be used to keep out water. Alternate translation: “tar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 2 3 v825 translate-unknown וּבַזָּ֑פֶת 0 pitch - **pitch** - This is a sticky brown or black paste that can be made from tree sap or from petroleum. Therefore, **pitch** would include not only **bitumen** but also plant-based resins. It too can be used to keep out water. Alternate translation: “tar” or “resin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 2 3 j6f4 grammar-connect-time-sequential וַתָּ֤שֶׂם וַתָּ֥שֶׂם 0 - **and she placed** - both of these are sequential. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EXO 2 3 y8gq בַּסּ֖וּף 0 reeds These **reeds** were a type of tall grass that grew in flat, wet areas.
EXO 2 4 a65d grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וַתֵּתַצַּ֥ב אֲחֹת֖וֹ מֵרָחֹ֑ק 0 - **And his sister stationed herself at a distance** - She did this while the baby was in the ark in the reeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])<br><br><br>
EXO 2 4 av8b וַתֵּתַצַּ֥ב אֲחֹת֖וֹ מֵרָחֹ֑ק 0 at a distance - **And his sister stationed herself at a distance** - This means she stood far enough away so that she would not be noticed, but close enough to see the ark.
EXO 2 4 4d7n אֲחֹת֖וֹ 0 - **his sister** - older is supplied in the UST because her actions clearly show she is his older sister. In some languages a different term is used for siblings based on their relative ages and/or the gender of the siblings. **future possible article:** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])
EXO 2 4 z1cy grammar-connect-logic-goal לְדֵעָ֕ה מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה לֽוֹ 0 - **to know what would be done to him** - this is her purpose in being close by. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EXO 2 5 knc4 grammar-connect-time-sequential וַתֵּ֤רֶד 0 - **And... came down** - After the ark was placed and while the sister was still stationed and watching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EXO 2 5 1vls figs-go וַתֵּ֤רֶד 0 - **And... came down** - The verb is literally "descend." If a perspective is required for Pharaoh's daughter, you may choose go or come as works best in your language. "Come" may be better as the scene is at the river and she comes to the scene location. However, you also need to consider your language's way of introducing new participants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
EXO 2 5 3van writing-participants בַּת־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְנַעֲרֹתֶ֥יהָ 0 - **a daughter of Pharaoh... and her young women** - These women are introduced here as new participants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
EXO 2 5 im0d figs-metaphor עַל־יַ֣ד הַיְאֹ֑ר 0 - **along the hand of the river** - *Hand* is a metaphor for *side* which in this case can be translated as the *shore* or *bank* (UST) of the river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 2 5 eko2 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וְנַעֲרֹתֶ֥יהָ וַתֵּ֤רֶא 0 - **and her young women... and she saw** - These happened while Pharaoh's daughter was bathing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
EXO 2 5 bi7s וְנַעֲרֹתֶ֥יהָ 0 her attendants - **her young women** - the young women whose job was to be with her and make sure nothing bad happened to her
EXO 2 5 ydq7 grammar-connect-logic-result וַתִּשְׁלַ֥ח 0 - **and she sent** - As a result of seeing the ark, she sent her servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 2 6 ep2u 0 - **and opened** - In the UST the phrase *the servant brought the basket to her* has been added to clarify the sequence of events.
EXO 2 6 g9n6 figs-exclamations וְהִנֵּה 0 Behold - ** behold** - this signals the surprising information that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
EXO 2 6 tyub grammar-connect-logic-result וַתַּחְמֹ֣ל עָלָ֔יו 0 - **And she had compassion on him** - The baby's crying caused her to pity him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 2 6 jg0d figs-quotations מִיַּלְדֵ֥י הָֽעִבְרִ֖ים זֶֽה 0 - ** This one is from the children of the Hebrews** - A single layer direct quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 2 7 74pj grammar-connect-time-sequential וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֲחֹתוֹ֮ 0 - **And his sister said** - After his sister sensed Pharaoh's daughter's pity she approaches and speaks to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EXO 2 7 3zvu figs-quotations וְקָרָ֤אתִי לָךְ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה מֵינֶ֔קֶת מִ֖ן הָעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת וְתֵינִ֥ק לָ֖ךְ אֶת־הַיָּֽלֶד 0 - **“Should I go and call for you a nursing woman from the Hebrews? And she could cause the boy to nurse for you.”** - A single layer direct quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 2 7 x5ja וְקָרָ֤אתִי לָךְ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה מֵינֶ֔קֶת מִ֖ן הָעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת 0 - **Should I go and call for you a nursing woman from the Hebrews?** - This is a suggestive question. The child's sister is hopeful that Pharaoh's daughter does not have a plan yet for the baby beyond saving his life. However, it is still a true question, without Pharaoh's daughter's permission the child's sister will not be able to fetch the woman.
EXO 2 7 psb2 figs-possession אֲחֹתוֹ֮ 0 - **his sister... daughter of Pharaoh** - These are both possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
EXO 2 7 d7aj מֵינֶ֔קֶת וְתֵינִ֥ק 0 nurse - **a nursing... to nurse** - to feed with milk from the breast
EXO 2 7 tqq9 grammar-connect-logic-goal וְתֵינִ֥ק לָ֖ךְ אֶת־הַיָּֽלֶד 0 - **And she could cause the child to nurse for you** - This is the purpose of the sister's proposal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EXO 2 8 ab1m figs-go לֵ֑כִי וַתֵּ֨לֶךְ֙ 0 - **"Go." And... went** - The girl goes away from Pharaoh's daughter toward the child's mother. She was almost certainly on foot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
EXO 2 8 2456 figs-quotations לֵ֑כִי 0 - **"Go"** - A single layer direct quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 2 8 f8fd grammar-connect-logic-result וַתֵּ֨לֶךְ֙ הָֽעַלְמָ֔ה וַתִּקְרָ֖א 0 - **And the girl went and called** - The girl goes as a result of Pharaoh's daughter's command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 2 8 lyyj figs-possession בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֵ֥ם הַיָּֽלֶד 0 **the daughter of Pharaoh... the mother of the child** - These are both possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
EXO 2 9 lmko figs-possession בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֗ה 0 **the daughter of Pharaoh** - This is possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
EXO 2 9 9rfb grammar-connect-time-sequential וַתֹּ֧אמֶר 0 - **And... said** - After the child's mother came Pharaoh's daughter spoke to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EXO 2 9 u554 writing-participants לָ֣הּ 0 - **her** - The child's mother is reintroduced as a participant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
EXO 2 9 xp5x figs-quotations הֵילִ֜יכִי אֶת־הַיֶּ֤לֶד הַזֶּה֙ וְהֵינִקִ֣הוּ לִ֔י וַאֲנִ֖י אֶתֵּ֣ן אֶת־שְׂכָרֵ֑ךְ 0 - **Take this child and cause him to nurse for me, and I will give your wages.** - A single layer direct quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 2 9 mogg שְׂכָרֵ֑ךְ 0 - **your wages** - this refers to payment that Pharaoh's daughter would give to the mother in exchange for her service of nursing.
EXO 2 9 6i2n grammar-connect-logic-goal הֵילִ֜יכִי וְהֵינִקִ֣הוּ 0 - **take... and cause... to nurse** - The goal of the mother taking the child is for her to nurse him for Pharaoh's daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EXO 2 9 94sw grammar-connect-logic-result אֶתֵּ֣ן אֶת־שְׂכָרֵ֑ךְ 0 - **and I will give your wages** - as a result of the mother's service of nursing she will be paid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 2 9 2jsj grammar-connect-logic-result וַתִּקַּ֧ח וַתְּנִיקֵֽהוּ 0 - **And... took... and caused him to nurse** - as a result of Pharaoh's daughter's proposal. Her acceptance of the deal is implied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 2 10 zj8h grammar-connect-time-sequential וַיִגְדַּ֣ל הַיֶּ֗לֶד וַתְּבִאֵ֨הוּ֙ 0 she brought him - **And the boy grew older, and she brought him** - An unspecified amount of time is designated by this. He would have stayed with his mother at least until he was weaned (no longer drinking his mother's milk). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EXO 2 10 ta4r figs-possession לְבַת־פַּרְעֹ֔ה 0 **the daughter of Pharaoh** - This is possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
EXO 2 10 j7n1 וַֽיְהִי־לָ֖הּ לְבֵ֑ן 0 he became her son - **and he became as a son to her** - “he became the adopted son of Pharaoh’s daughter”
EXO 2 10 h7to grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וַֽיְהִי־לָ֖הּ לְבֵ֑ן וַתִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמוֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה 0 - **and he became as a son to her. And she called his name Moses** - These events were likely simultaneous, her act of naming him may have been what made him as her son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
EXO 2 10 nh2m מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַתֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י מִן־הַמַּ֖יִם מְשִׁיתִֽהוּ 0 Because I drew him from the water - **Moses and she said, “For out of the water I drew him."** - Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Moses sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘draw out.’”
EXO 2 10 o3uw grammar-connect-logic-result וַתִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמוֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַתֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י מִן־הַמַּ֖יִם מְשִׁיתִֽהוּ׃ 0 - **And she called his name Moses and she said, “For out of the water I drew him."** - the text indicates that how she discovered the baby is the reason for her choice of name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 2 10 ityq figs-quotations כִּ֥י מִן־הַמַּ֖יִם מְשִׁיתִֽהוּ׃ 0 - **For out of the water I drew him.** - A single layer direct quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 2 11 tyol grammar-connect-time-sequential וַיְהִ֣י׀ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ם וַיִּגְדַּ֤ל מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיֵּצֵ֣א 0 - **And it happened in those days that Moses had grown up and went out** - A significant amount of time has passed, later texts state that Moses was 40 years old at this point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EXO 2 11 p7gx writing-newevent וַיְהִ֣י׀ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ 0 - **And it happened in those days** - This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EXO 2 11 917y figs-go וַיֵּצֵ֣א 0 - **and went out** - The verb means to go or come *out.* The UST supplies a probable location that he went out from, it could also have been simply out from the Egyptian area or out to the work area or cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
EXO 2 11 fbob grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וַיַּרְא֙ 0 - **And he saw** - while he was looking at his brother's burdens he observed the Egyptian striking the Hebrew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
EXO 2 11 swn3 מַכֶּ֥ה אִישׁ־עִבְרִ֖י 0 striking a Hebrew “hitting a Hebrew” or “beating a Hebrew”
EXO 2 12 m9bn figs-merism וַיִּ֤פֶן כֹּה֙ וָכֹ֔ה 0 He looked this way and that way - **And he turned this way and that way** - These two opposite directions have the combined meaning of “everywhere.” Alternate translation: “He looked all around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
EXO 2 12 rmgn figs-metonymy וַיַּךְ֙ 0 - **and he struck** - The context makes clear that Moses struck the Egyptian hard enough or repeatedly until Moses killed him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 2 13 4450 grammar-connect-time-sequential וַיֵּצֵא֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשֵּׁנִ֔י 0 - **And he went out the second day** - at least one day has passed since the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EXO 2 13 qn45 figs-go וַיֵּצֵא֙ 0 He went out - **And he went out** - The verb means to go or come *out.* See how you translated this in [Exodus 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
EXO 2 13 83e6 translate-ordinal הַשֵּׁנִ֔י 0 - **the second** - The ordinal number here could mean "the next day" (UST) or simply on some day following the events of the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EXO 2 13 rgn1 figs-exclamations וְהִנֵּ֛ה 0 behold - **behold** - this shows that Moses was surprised by what he saw. You can use a word in your language that will give this meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
EXO 2 13 i4d6 לָֽרָשָׁ֔ע 0 the one who was in the wrong - **the guilty one** - Based on Moses's question this means the aggressor or the man wrongfully attacking his neighbor. Alternate translation: “the man who was guilty of starting the fight”
EXO 2 13 duob figs-quotations לָ֥מָּה תַכֶּ֖ה רֵעֶֽךָ 0 - **“Why are you striking your companion?”** - A single layer direct quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 2 14 qb2n figs-rquestion מִ֣י שָֽׂמְךָ֞ לְאִ֨ישׁ שַׂ֤ר וְשֹׁפֵט֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ 0 Who made you a leader and judge over us? The man used this question to rebuke Moses for intervening in the fight. Alternate translation: “You are not our leader and have no right to judge us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 2 14 afne figs-quotations מִ֣י שָֽׂמְךָ֞ לְאִ֨ישׁ שַׂ֤ר וְשֹׁפֵט֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ 0 - **“Who appointed you to be head man and judge over us? Are you saying to kill me like you killed the Egyptian?”** - A single level direct quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])<br><br><br><br>
EXO 2 14 k6s5 figs-irony הַלְהָרְגֵ֨נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַמִּצְרִ֑י 0 Are you planning to kill me as you killed that Egyptian? - **Are you saying to kill me like you killed the Egyptian?** - The man used a question here to be sarcastic. Alternate translation: “We know that you killed an Egyptian yesterday. You had better not kill me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 2 14 d2ja הַלְהָרְגֵ֨נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר 0 - **Are you saying to kill me** - "Are you planning to kill me" or "Are you threatening to kill me"
EXO 2 14 lyqh figs-quotations הַלְהָרְגֵ֨נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַמִּצְרִ֑י 0 - **“Certainly the thing is known.”** - A single level direct quote. However, it is likely this is something Moses said to himself, that is a thought. Alternative translation (as indirect quote): *was afraid because he thought that everyone knew what he did.* (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])<br>
EXO 2 15 hh78 grammar-connect-logic-result וַיְבַקֵּ֖שׁ 0 Now when Pharaoh heard about it - **and he sought** - As a result of Moses murdering the Egyptian Pharaoh wanted to kill Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])<br>
EXO 2 15 yutr וַיְבַקֵּ֖שׁ לַהֲרֹ֣ג אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֑ה 0 - **and he sought to kill Moses** - Pharaoh most likely delegated this task. Alternative translations: "he sought to have Moses killed" (note that the passive form will not work in every language), "he ordered his soldiers to kill Moses" (UST)
EXO 2 15 2xip grammar-connect-logic-result וַיִּבְרַ֤ח 0 - **And Moses fled** - Because Pharaoh wanted to kill Moses, he fled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 2 15 l5rc bita-hq מִפְּנֵ֣י 0 - **from his face** - His face means his presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 2 15 8b1d grammar-connect-time-sequential וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב 0 - **and he dwelt** - After Moses fled he settled in Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])<br><br>
EXO 2 15 ouog grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב 0 - **And he sat down** - While Moses was in Midian he sat by a well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])<br><br><br><br>
EXO 2 15 otsl וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב 0 - **dwelt... sat down** - These are the same verb. There are three possible interpretations:<br>1) Moses lived in Midian. He sat by this well one day. This may have been the well for the town he lived in.<br>2) Moses lived in Midian. His home was by this well.<br>3) Moses was a wanderer. He was in Midian and sat by this well when the next event occurred.<br>
EXO 2 16 shg5 writing-background וּלְכֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת 0 Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters - **And the priest of Midian had seven daughters.** - This sentence is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])<br>
EXO 2 16 pjzc writing-newevent וּלְכֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת 0 - **And the priest of Midian had seven daughters.** - This sentence is used to mark a transition. However, the last clause of the previous verse ("and he sat down by a well") seems to be related to this new scene so you may want to make your transition there as is done in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])<br>
EXO 2 16 e2wl grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וַתָּבֹ֣אנָה וַתִּדְלֶ֗נָה וַתְּמַלֶּ֨אנָה֙ 0 - **And they came and drew and filled up** - This series of events happened while Moses was sitting by the well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])<br><br><br><br>
EXO 2 16 cfe5 writing-participants שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת וַתָּבֹ֣אנָה 0 - **seven daughters. And they came** - The daughters are new participants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
EXO 2 16 sm8f figs-go וַתָּבֹ֣אנָה 0 - **And they came** - The perspective of the narrative is set at the well. The daughters came from elsewhere to the well. They were probably on foot. Each language will need to choose the appropriate word for "going" here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
EXO 2 16 aot3 grammar-connect-logic-goal לְהַשְׁק֖וֹת צֹ֥אן אֲבִיהֶֽן 0 - **to cause the flock of their father to drink water** - This was their purpose in coming and drawing water from the well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])<br><br>
EXO 2 16 v5yk figs-possession וּלְכֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת 0 - **And the priest of Midian had seven daughters** - This is possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])<br><br><br><br>
EXO 2 16 i2jh וַתִּדְלֶ֗נָה 0 drew water - **and drew** - This means that they brought up water from a well.
EXO 2 16 g1e6 הָ֣רְהָטִ֔ים 0 troughs - **the troughs** - a long, narrow, open container for animals to eat or drink out of
EXO 2 16 p3uo figs-possession צֹ֥אן אֲבִיהֶֽן 0 - **the flock of their father** - There are two possessives here: 1) *their father* is possessive of social relationship; 2) *the flock of ... father* is possessive of ownership. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])<br><br><br><br>
EXO 2 17 r3lp grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ הָרֹעִ֖ים וַיְגָרְשׁ֑וּם 0 drive them away - **And the men who were shepherding came and drove them away** - This happened while the women's flock was still drinking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
EXO 2 17 k5yc figs-go וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ 0 - **And... came** - A group of men came. They may not have been far away before coming and driving the women away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
EXO 2 17 zksv writing-participants הָרֹעִ֖ים 0 - **the men who were shepherding** - These are new, very brief participants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
EXO 2 17 yg3c grammar-connect-logic-goal וַיּ֣וֹשִׁעָ֔ן וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־צֹאנָֽם 0 - **and saved them and caused their flock to drink water** - The reasons Moses got up were 1) to save the women from the shepherds and 2) to enable their flock to drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EXO 2 18 lea8 grammar-connect-time-sequential וַתָּבֹ֕אנָה 0 - **And they came** - After completing their task with the sheep they returned home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EXO 2 18 omzv figs-go וַתָּבֹ֕אנָה 0 - **And they came** - The daughters came from the well to their father, probably on foot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
EXO 2 18 7t7t translate-names רְעוּאֵ֖ל 0 - **Reuel** - This name, or perhaps title, is used of the man otherwise called Jethro only here and in Numbers 10:29. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 2 18 95f3 writing-participants רְעוּאֵ֖ל 0 - **Reuel** - The priest of Midian was mentioned in [v. 16](../02/16.md) in a background statement but here is a new participant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
EXO 2 18 tiqh figs-possession אֲבִיהֶ֑ן 0 - **their father** - Possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
EXO 2 18 lukb figs-quotations מַדּ֛וּעַ מִהַרְתֶּ֥ן בֹּ֖א הַיּֽוֹם 0 - **“Why have you hurried coming today?”** - A single layer direct quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 2 18 44at figs-go בֹּ֖א 0 - **coming** - Alternative translation: to return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
EXO 2 19 r01g figs-quotations אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י הִצִּילָ֖נוּ מִיַּ֣ד הָרֹעִ֑ים וְגַם־דָּלֹ֤ה דָלָה֙ לָ֔נוּ וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־הַצֹּֽאן 0 - **"An Egyptian... water."** - A single layer direct quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 2 19 hvb4 figs-metonymy מִיַּ֣ד 0 - **from the hand** - *Hand* figuratively refers to the power, control, or actions of the shepherds.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 2 19 6gvb figs-doublet דָּלֹ֤ה דָלָה֙ 0 - **drew especially** - The doublet expresses surprise or emphasizes the magnitude of Moses's kind acts to the women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EXO 2 20 x73j figs-possession בְּנֹתָ֖יו 0 - **his daughters** - Possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
EXO 2 20 x9yb figs-rquestion וְאַיּ֑וֹ לָ֤מָּה זֶּה֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ן אֶת־הָאִ֔ישׁ 0 Why did you leave the man? - **And where is he? What is this? You left the man?** - These questions are a mild rebuke to the daughters for not inviting Moses into their home according to the normal hospitality of that culture. Alternate translation: “You should not have left this man at the well!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 2 20 p6xh figs-quotations וְאַיּ֑וֹ לָ֤מָּה זֶּה֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ן אֶת־הָאִ֔ישׁ קִרְאֶ֥ן ל֖וֹ וְיֹ֥אכַל לָֽחֶם׃ 0 - **“And where is he? What is this? You left the man? Call him and he will eat bread!”** - A single level direct quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 2 20 mb8w ל֖וֹ 0 - **him** - This refers to Moses.
EXO 2 20 hal8 figs-synecdoche לָֽחֶם 0 - **bread** - This term is used to refer to food in general. Alternative translation: “food.”(See: [Synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
EXO 2 21 r4oi grammar-connect-time-sequential וַיּ֥וֹאֶל מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָשֶׁ֣בֶת אֶת־הָאִ֑ישׁ וַיִּתֵּ֛ן אֶת־צִפֹּרָ֥ה בִתּ֖וֹ לְמֹשֶֽׁה 0 - The exact sequence of events and amount of time covered by this verse is unknown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 2 21 zvr1 וַיּ֥וֹאֶל מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָשֶׁ֣בֶת אֶת־הָאִ֑ישׁ 0 Moses agreed to stay with the man “Moses agreed to live with Reuel”
EXO 2 21 y3q7 translate-names צִפֹּרָ֥ה 0 Zipporah - **Zipporah** - This is Reuel’s (Jethro's) daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 2 21 4j8b figs-possession בִתּ֖וֹ 0 - **his daughter** - this is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
EXO 2 22 n1ha grammar-connect-time-sequential וַתֵּ֣לֶד 0 - **And she birthed** - An unknown amount of time has passed since the previous events. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EXO 2 22 n5b1 translate-names גֵּרְשֹׁ֑ם 0 Gershom This is Moses’s son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 2 22 f76m translate-names גֵּרְשֹׁ֑ם 0 - **Gershom** - His name sounds somewhat like the Hebrew for "a stranger here." You may consider using a footnote to explain that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 2 22 y5h0 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י אָמַ֔ר גֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּאֶ֖רֶץ נָכְרִיָּֽה 0 - **for he said, “I have become a foreigner in a foreign land.”** - This is the reason given for naming his son Gershom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EXO 2 22 q7d8 גֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּאֶ֖רֶץ נָכְרִיָּֽה 0 resident in a foreign land “stranger in a foreign land”
EXO 2 23 wfec וַיְהִי֩ בַיָּמִ֨ים הָֽרַבִּ֜ים הָהֵ֗ם 0 - **And it happened in these many days** - A large amount of time went by. According to Stephen's sermon in Acts 7:30 Moses was in Midian 40 years.
EXO 2 23 fjkt writing-newevent וַיְהִי֩ בַיָּמִ֨ים הָֽרַבִּ֜ים הָהֵ֗ם 0 - **And it happened in these many days** - This introduces a new section and series of events. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EXO 2 23 1kw0 writing-background וַיְהִי֩ בַיָּמִ֨ים הָֽרַבִּ֜ים הָהֵ֗ם 0 - **And it happened...** - Verses 23-25 give a summary of what happened in Egypt and with the Israelites and God while Moses was in exile. It gives scene setting background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EXO 2 23 csg2 וַיֵּאָנְח֧וּ 0 groaned - **groaned** - They did this because of their sorrow and misery. Alternate translation: “sighed deeply”
EXO 2 23 x84a figs-personification וַתַּ֧עַל שַׁוְעָתָ֛ם 0 their pleas went up to God - **their plea ascended** - The cries of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were a person and were able to travel up to where God is. Alternate translation: “God heard their pleas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EXO 2 24 sja4 figs-idiom וַיִּזְכֹּ֤ר אֱלֹהִים֙ 0 God called to mind his covenant - **and God remembered** - This was a customary way of saying God thought about what He had promised. Alternate translation: “God remembered his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 3 intro n6ze 0 # Exodus 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter records one of the most important events in the history of the Israelite people: the revelation of the name Yahweh at the burning bush. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s holiness<br>God is so holy that people could not look upon him without dying. This is why Moses covered his eyes. It is also why he took off his shoes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh<br>The name Yahweh is sacred in the Hebrew religion. It is the personal name of God, which he revealed to Moses. It is by this name, he is known. Yahweh means “I am.” Some translations use all capitals to set this apart, “I AM.” Great care must be taken in translating the phrase “I am that I am.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]])
EXO 3 2 x5ci יְהֹוָ֥ה 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
EXO 3 2 d3tf 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that Moses saw something that was very different from what he expected.
EXO 3 5 prv9 0 set apart “made holy”
EXO 3 6 sxk8 0 the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob All of these men worshiped the same God. Alternate translation: “the God of your father, of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob”
EXO 3 6 l5sy אֱלֹהֵ֣י 0 your father Possible meanings are (1) “your ancestor” or (2) “your father.” If it means “your ancestor,” then the phrases following it clarify who “your father” refers to: it refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it means “your father,” then it refers to Moses’s own father.
EXO 3 8 pxy8 figs-metaphor 0 a land flowing with milk and honey “a land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 3 8 q94i figs-metonymy 0 milk Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 3 8 l1as figs-metonymy 0 honey Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 3 9 uup9 figs-personification 0 the shouts of the people of Israel have come to me Here the word “shouts” are spoken of as if they were persons who are capable of moving on their own. Alternate translation: “I have heard the cries of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EXO 3 11 y8cr figs-rquestion 0 Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh…Egypt? Moses uses this question to tell God that Moses is a nobody and no one will listen to him. Alternate translation: “I am not important enough to go to Pharaoh…Egypt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 3 14 cli8 0 God said to Moses, “I AM THAT I AM.” This is God’s response to Moses’ question about God’s name. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “God said to Moses, ‘Tell them that God says his name is, “I AM THAT I AM.”’”
EXO 3 14 b6vk 0 I AM THAT I AM Possible meanings are (1) this whole sentence is God’s name or (2) God is not telling his name but something about himself. By saying this, God is teaching that he is eternal; he has always lived and always will live.
EXO 3 16 xqy9 0 the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of Moses’s ancestors. They all worshiped the same God.
EXO 3 16 fv77 0 I have indeed observed you The word “you” refers to the people of Israel.
EXO 3 17 pwn5 figs-metaphor אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ 0 a land flowing with milk and honey “a land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](../03/08.md). Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 3 17 rtr5 figs-metonymy חָלָ֖ב 0 milk Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 3 17 msf8 figs-metonymy וּדְבָֽשׁ 0 honey Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 3 19 qf46 figs-metonymy וְלֹ֖א בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה 0 unless his hand is forced This can be stated in active form. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power of the owner of the hand. Possible meanings are (1) “only if he sees that he has no power to do anything else,” where the “hand” belongs to Pharaoh; where the “hand” belongs to Yahweh, (2) “only if I force him to let you go” or (3) “not even if I force him to let you go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 3 20 yds5 figs-metonymy 0 I will reach out with my hand and attack Here “hand” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “I will powerfully attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 3 21 kt7b figs-doublenegatives 0 will not go empty-handed The word here “empty-handed” is used to emphasize the opposite meaning. Alternate translation: “will go with your hands full of good things” or “will go with many valuable things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EXO 3 22 w2av 0 any women staying in her neighbors’ houses “any Egyptian woman staying in the houses of her Egyptian neighbors”
EXO 4 intro kap5 0 # Exodus 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Moses does not understand<br>Although Moses believes in Yahweh, he does not trust in him. This is because Moses lacks understanding. Moses tries to believe the things he is asked to do are done by his own power. Yahweh is trying to get Moses to trust that these are Yahweh’s doing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>### Children of God<br>This chapter really introduces the concept that the people group Israel is the chosen people of God and God’s children, possibly God’s firstborn children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstborn]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart<br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this statement. There is debate over whether Pharaoh plays an active or passive role in the hardening of his own heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 4 5 jr8m 0 the God of their ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of their ancestors. They all worshiped the same God.
EXO 4 6 ep52 figs-exclamations 0 behold This word is used to create an exclamation, showing surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
EXO 4 6 pw7g figs-simile 0 as white as snow The word “as” here is used to compare what Moses’ hand looked like. Leprosy causes the skin to look white. You may not have a word for snow in your language. If so, consider an alternative that describes something white. Alternate translation: “as white as wool or as white as the sand on the beach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EXO 4 8 lsb3 0 pay attention “acknowledge” or “accept”
EXO 4 10 w12a 0 have never been eloquent “have never been an excellent speaker”
EXO 4 10 bv64 figs-doublet 0 I am slow of speech and slow of tongue The phrases “slow of speech” and “slow of tongue” mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize that he is not a good speaker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EXO 4 10 zm3y figs-metonymy 0 slow of tongue Here “tongue” refers to Moses’ ability to speak. Alternate translation: “unable to speak well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 4 11 ks2m figs-rquestion 0 Who is it who made man’s mouth? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the Creator who makes if possible for people to speak. Alternate translation: “I Yahweh am the one who created the human mouth and the ability to speak!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 4 11 e1y6 figs-rquestion 0 Who makes a man mute or deaf or seeing or blind? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who decides if people can speak and hear, and if they can see. Alternate translation: “I Yahweh make people able to speak, or hear, or to see, or to be blind!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 4 11 uq7j figs-rquestion 0 Is it not I, Yahweh? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he alone makes these decisions. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am the one who does this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 4 12 kkr1 figs-metonymy 0 I will be with your mouth Here “mouth” refers to Moses’ ability to speak. Alternate translation: “I will give you the ability to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 4 14 ew4h figs-metonymy 0 he will be glad in his heart Here “heart” refers to inner thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “he will be very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 4 15 u97f figs-metaphor 0 put the words to say into his mouth Words here are spoken of as if they were something that can be physically placed in a person’s mouth. Alternate translation: “give him the message that he is to repeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 4 15 q9cf figs-metonymy 0 I will be with your mouth The word “mouth” here represents Moses choice of words. Alternate translation: “I will give you the right words to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 4 15 v57x figs-metonymy 0 with his mouth The word “mouth” here represents Aaron’s choice of words. Alternate translation: “I will give him the right words to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 4 16 z24t figs-metonymy 0 He will be your mouth The word “mouth” here represents Aaron repeating what Moses told him. Alternate translation: “He will say what you tell him to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 4 16 gn5v figs-simile 0 you will be to him like me, God The word “like” here means Moses would represent the same authority to Aaron as God did to Moses. Alternate translation: “you will speak to Aaron with the same authority with which I spoke to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EXO 4 18 b6mf 0 father-in-law This refers to the father of Moses’ wife.
EXO 4 21 bq9d figs-synecdoche 0 will harden his heart Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. Alternate translation: “will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 4 22 pt4n figs-metonymy 0 Israel is my son The word “Israel” here represents all the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel are my own children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 4 22 j4av figs-metaphor 0 is my son, my firstborn Here the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a firstborn son who causes joy and pride. Alternate translation: “is like my own firstborn son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 4 23 k7mh figs-metonymy 0 you have refused to let him go The word “him” refers to the people of Israel as God’s son. Alternate translation: “you have refused to let my son go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 4 23 re11 0 I will certainly kill your son, your firstborn The word “son” here refers to the actual son of Pharaoh.
EXO 4 25 l6sr figs-euphemism 0 to his feet It is possible that the word “feet” here may have been a more respectful way to refer to the genital area of the body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EXO 4 25 b2t3 figs-metaphor 0 you are a bridegroom to me by blood The meaning of this metaphor is unclear. It was probably a known saying in that culture. Alternate translation: “you are related to me by this blood” or “you are my husband because of blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 4 27 xk6b 0 Yahweh said to Aaron You may want to add a word that marks the beginning of a new part of the story, as the UST does with the word “Meanwhile.”
EXO 4 31 g83a translate-symaction 0 they bowed their heads Possible meanings are (1) “they bowed their heads in awe” or (2) “they bowed down low in reverence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EXO 5 intro kea2 0 # Exodus 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### A slave’s work<br>The Egyptians were known for making their slaves do a lot of work. They were forced to make a specific number of bricks every day. In this chapter, the were required to not only make these bricks, but also to gather the straw in order to make these bricks.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Let my people go”<br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.<br><br>### Titles<br>The leaders are given different titles in this chapter. The ULT uses “taskmasters” and “foremen.” Many cultures will not have these types of titles. Generic expressions like “Egyptian leaders” and “Hebrew leaders” may be necessary.
EXO 5 2 cm2l figs-rquestion 0 Who is Yahweh? Pharaoh uses this question to show that he does not recognize Yahweh as a legitimate god. Alternate translation: “I do not know Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 5 2 v4c1 figs-rquestion 0 Why should I…let Israel go? Pharaoh uses this question to state that he has no interest in obeying Yahweh or in letting the Israelites go to worship him. Alternate translation: “He is nothing to me and I will not let Israel go!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 5 2 c653 figs-metonymy 0 listen to his voice The words “his voice” represent the words God spoke. Alternate translation: “listen to what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 5 3 y9ip 0 God of the Hebrews This is a term also used for the Israelites’ God or Yahweh.
EXO 5 3 gfs5 figs-metonymy 0 or with the sword Here “sword” represents war or an attack by enemies. Alternate translation: “or cause our enemies to attack us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 5 4 kl1i figs-rquestion 0 why are you taking the people from their work? Pharaoh uses this question to express his anger towards Moses and Aaron for taking the Israelites away from their work. Alternate translation: “stop distracting the people from doing their work!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 5 7 p9nx figs-you 0 you must no longer give The word “you” in these verses is plural and refers to the taskmasters and foremen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 5 10 x4bi 0 taskmasters Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md).
EXO 5 10 gb4d figs-you 0 I will no longer give you The word “you” is plural and refers to the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 5 11 xe4i figs-you 0 you can find…your workload The word “you” is plural and refers to the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 5 11 w918 figs-rpronouns 0 You yourselves must go Here “yourselves” emphasizes that the Egyptians will no longer help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
EXO 5 11 g5vb 0 your workload will not be reduced This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you must continue to make the same number of bricks as before”
EXO 5 12 s9dk figs-hyperbole 0 throughout all the land of Egypt This is an generalization used to show the extra effort Israel made to meet Pharaoh’s demands. Alternate translation: “to many places throughout Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EXO 5 12 q7y7 0 stubble the part of a plant that is left over after harvest
EXO 5 13 th6x 0 taskmasters Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md).
EXO 5 14 eq22 figs-rquestion 0 Why have you not produced all the bricks required of you…in the past? The taskmasters used this question to show they were angry with the lack of bricks. Alternate translation: “You are not producing enough bricks, either yesterday or today, as you did in the past!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 5 16 hsa6 0 they are still telling us, ‘Make bricks!’ Here “they” refers to the Egyptian taskmasters.
EXO 5 19 l9d2 figs-activepassive 0 when they were told This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when Pharaoh told them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 5 21 j3zp figs-metaphor 0 you have made us offensive The Egyptians responded to the Israelites the same way they would respond to a foul odor. Alternate translation: “you have caused them to hate us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 5 21 d592 figs-metonymy 0 have put a sword in their hand to kill us Here “a sword” represents an opportunity to destroy enemies. Alternate translation: “have given them a reason to kill us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 5 22 g4d5 figs-rquestion 0 Lord, why have you caused trouble for this people? This question shows how disappointed he was that the Egyptians were treating the Israelites even more harshly now. Alternate translation: “Lord, I am sorry that you have caused this trouble for this people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 5 22 w8t1 figs-rquestion 0 Why did you send me in the first place? This question shows how disappointed Moses was that God had sent him to Egypt. Alternate translation: “I wish you had never sent me here!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 5 23 v2k2 figs-metonymy 0 to speak to him in your name The word “name” here represents the message of God. Alternate translation: “to give him your message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 6 intro we5k 0 # Exodus 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Promised Land<br>According to the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham, Egypt is not the home of the Hebrew people. It is the Promised Land in Canaan. The people are to return home to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
EXO 6 1 ece6 figs-metonymy 0 my strong hand The word “hand” here represents God’s actions or works. Alternate translation: “the power I show in my works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 6 3 l81y 0 I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob “I showed myself to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob”
EXO 6 3 m27p figs-activepassive 0 I was not known to them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They did not know me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 6 6 yv14 0 say to the Israelites This is a command from Yahweh to Moses. “Yahweh told Moses to say to the Israelites”
EXO 6 8 g9ru 0 I swore “I promised” or “I said I would”
EXO 6 12 k7hl figs-rquestion 0 If the Israelites have not listened to me, why will Pharaoh listen to me, since I am not good at speaking? Moses asked this question hoping God would change His mind about using Moses. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Since the Israelites did not listen to me, neither will Pharaoh, because I am not good at speaking!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 6 14 h195 0 the heads of their fathers’ houses Here “heads” refers to the original ancestors of the clan. Alternate translation: “the ancestors of the clans”
EXO 6 14 wv89 translate-names 0 Hanok, Pallu, Hezron, and Karmi These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 6 15 c1ni translate-names 0 Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar, and Shaul These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 6 25 fck8 figs-metonymy 0 These were the heads of the fathers’ houses The word “heads” here represents family leaders. Alternate translation: “These were the leaders of the families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 6 26 ft6y 0 by their groups of fighting men “one tribe at a time” or “one family group after another”
EXO 6 30 nf3w figs-rquestion 0 I am not good…why will Pharaoh listen to me? Moses asks this question hoping to change God’s mind. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not good…Pharaoh will certainly not listen to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 7 intro r9we 0 # Exodus 07 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Miracles<br>When Yahweh had Moses perform miracles, Pharaoh’s men were able to copy these miracles. It is unknown how they were able to do this, but since it was not from Yahweh, they were probably done under some evil power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>### Pharaoh’s hard heart<br>Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
EXO 7 1 dn1s 0 I have made you like a god “I will cause Pharaoh to consider you as a god”
EXO 7 3 dhi5 figs-synecdoche 0 harden Pharaoh’s heart Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 4:21](../04/21.md). Alternate translation: “will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 7 3 vtt1 figs-doublet 0 many signs…many wonders The words “signs” and “wonders” mean basically the same thing. God uses them to emphasize the greatness of what he will do in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EXO 7 4 e2kv figs-metonymy 0 put my hand on The words “my hand” represent God’s great power. Alternate translation: “use my power against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 7 5 npd6 figs-metonymy 0 reach out with my hand on The words “my hand” represent God’s great power. Alternate translation: “show my powerful acts against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 7 7 g7i5 figs-ellipsis 0 Aaron eighty-three years old “Aaron was eighty-three years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 7 9 jt9z figs-quotations 0 When Pharaoh says to you, ‘Do a miracle,’ then you will say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh, so that it may become a snake.’ This could be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “When Pharaoh tells you to do a miracle, then you will tell Aaron to take his staff and throw it down before Pharaoh, so that it may become a snake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 7 12 u6np 0 swallowed up “ate up” or “devoured”
EXO 7 13 g42f figs-synecdoche 0 Pharaoh’s heart was hardened Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 7 14 d27r figs-synecdoche 0 Pharaoh’s heart is hard Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh is stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 7 15 c5np figs-explicit 0 when he goes out to the water The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “when he goes down to the Nile River to bathe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 7 16 yqp7 0 Say to him “Say to Pharaoh”
EXO 7 17 j1ev 0 strike the water “hit the water”
EXO 7 19 wxp2 0 throughout all “in every part of”
EXO 7 20 zy18 figs-explicit 0 in the river The name of the river may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “in the Nile River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 7 22 qdc7 figs-synecdoche 0 Pharaoh’s heart was hardened Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 7 24 m6zn figs-hyperbole 0 All the Egyptians The word “all” here is a generalization that means “many.” Alternate translation: “Many of the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EXO 8 intro ww1y 0 # Exodus 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaoh’s hard heart<br>Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
EXO 8 8 mhn3 0 Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron “Then Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron”
EXO 8 9 q3e4 0 You can have the privilege of telling me when I should pray for you “You can choose when I will pray for you” or “You can choose the time I should pray for you”
EXO 8 15 lv2n figs-idiom 0 he hardened his heart “Pharaoh hardened his heart.” Here “hardened” means that he became stubborn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 8 15 b47h 0 just as Yahweh had said that he would do “just as Yahweh had said Pharaoh would do”
EXO 8 19 lk2k figs-metonymy 0 This is the finger of God The words “finger of God” represent the power of God. Alternate translation: “This is the powerful work of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 8 19 z1w2 figs-synecdoche 0 Pharaoh’s heart was hardened Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 8 20 j5n8 0 stand in front of Pharaoh “present yourself to Pharaoh”
EXO 8 20 eqd2 0 Let my people go “set my people free”
EXO 8 24 nd6e figs-activepassive 0 the land was ruined because of the swarms of flies This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the swarms of flies devastated the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 8 26 gy7d figs-idiom 0 right before their eyes This was a customary way of saying “in the presence of someone.” Alternate translation: “in their presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 8 26 i7dy figs-rquestion 0 will they not stone us? Moses asks this question to show Pharaoh the Egyptians would allow the Israelites to worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “they will certainly stone us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 8 29 bf85 figs-doublenegatives 0 you must not deal deceitfully any more by not letting our people go This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you must begin to deal truthfully with us and let our people go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EXO 8 29 hh4q 0 But you must not deal deceitfully “But you must not deceive us” or “But you must not lie to us”
EXO 8 32 sb5l figs-synecdoche 0 Pharaoh hardened his heart Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 9 intro hqw8 0 # Exodus 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaoh’s hard heart<br><br>Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
EXO 9 2 l7ld figs-parallelism 0 if you refuse to let them go, if you still keep them back These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They will emphasize to Pharaoh what will happen if Pharaoh does this. Alternate translation: “if you continue refusing to let them go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EXO 9 3 ume2 figs-metonymy 0 then Yahweh’s hand will be on your cattle The word “hand” here represents Yahweh’s power to afflict their animals with disease. Alternate translation: “then the power of Yahweh will afflict your cattle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 9 3 tn3z 0 on your cattle The word “your” here refers to all the people of Egypt who owned cattle.
EXO 9 4 lp3t figs-metonymy 0 Israel’s cattle Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the cattle belonging to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 9 4 fs25 figs-metonymy 0 Egypt’s cattle Here “Egypt” refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the cattle belonging to the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 9 5 vqz2 0 fixed a time “set a time” or “appointed a time”
EXO 9 6 cx5i figs-hyperbole 0 All the cattle of Egypt died This is exaggerated to emphasize the seriousness of the event. There were still some animals alive that were afflicted by later plagues. However, it may be best to translate this with the word “All.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EXO 9 6 gy7t figs-metonymy 0 cattle of Egypt Here “Egypt” refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the cattle belonging to the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 9 7 md84 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw.
EXO 9 7 j51j figs-synecdoche 0 his heart was stubborn Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. Alternate translation: “he refused to change his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EXO 9 9 eyc7 0 to break out on “to quickly appear on”
EXO 9 12 p5m5 figs-synecdoche 0 Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 9 14 n6wq figs-rpronouns 0 on you yourself This means that even Pharaoh will be hurt by the plagues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
EXO 9 14 hje3 0 I will do this so that you may know The word “this” refers to the plagues that Moses had just told Pharaoh about.
EXO 9 15 a3l8 figs-metonymy 0 reached out with my hand and attacked you Here “my hand” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “used my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 9 16 nec7 figs-metonymy 0 so that my name may be proclaimed throughout all the earth Here “my name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “so that people everywhere will know I am great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 9 17 h3ed figs-metaphor 0 lifting yourself up against my people Pharaoh’s opposition to letting Israel go to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if he was raising himself up as a barrier to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 9 18 fnd2 0 Listen! “Pay attention to the important thing I am about to tell you”
EXO 9 27 fu9c 0 to summon “to call”
EXO 9 29 ajz3 0 Moses said to him “Moses said to Pharaoh”
EXO 9 29 b787 translate-symaction 0 spread my hands out to Yahweh This symbolic gesture accompanies prayer. Alternate translation: “lift up my hands and pray to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EXO 9 33 fa2j translate-symaction 0 spread out his hands to Yahweh This symbolic gesture accompanies prayer. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:29](../09/29.md). Alternate translation: “lifted up his hands toward Yahweh and prayed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EXO 9 34 ke5k figs-synecdoche 0 hardened his heart Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. Alternate translation: “became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 9 35 yxt8 figs-synecdoche 0 The heart of Pharaoh was hardened Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 10 intro s5g1 0 # Exodus 10 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaoh’s hard heart<br><br>Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
EXO 10 1 w4pw figs-metaphor 0 for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his servants Yahweh speaks of making Pharaoh and his servants stubborn as if he were making their hearts hard. See how you translated “Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart” in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 10 2 zg4c 0 various signs “many different signs”
EXO 10 4 ge67 figs-imperative 0 listen This word adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
EXO 10 6 ir5l figs-activepassive 0 nothing ever seen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing anyone has ever seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 10 7 uf8c 0 menace A “menace” is someone who brings trouble or harm.
EXO 10 7 xn8j figs-rquestion 0 How long will this man be a menace to us? Pharaoh’s servants ask this question to show Pharaoh the extent of destruction in Egypt. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We cannot allow this man to continue to bring trouble to us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 10 7 xdm5 figs-rquestion 0 Do you not yet realize that Egypt is destroyed? Pharaoh’s servants ask this question to bring Pharaoh to recognize what he refuses to see. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should realize that Egypt is destroyed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 10 7 c6pr figs-activepassive 0 that Egypt is destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that these plagues have destroyed Egypt” or “that their God has destroyed Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 10 10 hjc9 figs-hypo 0 if I ever let you go and your little ones go Pharaoh says this to emphasize that he would not let Moses take the children with them to worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
EXO 10 11 pkm4 figs-activepassive 0 Then Moses and Aaron were driven out from Pharaoh’s presence This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then Pharaoh drove Moses and Aaron out from his presence” or “Then Pharaoh had his servants drive Moses and Aaron out from his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 10 15 b3h5 figs-activepassive 0 so that it was darkened There were so many locusts that the land appeared to be dark. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that they darkened the land” or “so that the land appeared dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 10 17 kd6d 0 this time “once again”
EXO 10 17 nn2b figs-metonymy 0 take this death away from me The word “death” here refers to the destruction by the locusts of all plants in Egypt, which would eventually lead to the deaths of people because there were no crops. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop this destruction that will lead to our deaths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 10 19 mdp5 0 picked up the locusts “moved the locusts upwards”
EXO 10 20 dw1d figs-synecdoche 0 Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “caused Pharaoh to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 10 21 m38s figs-metaphor 0 darkness that may be felt Yahweh speaks of extreme darkness as if it is so thick that people can grasp it in their hands. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “dense darkness that people can grasp with their hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 10 26 v9uc figs-synecdoche 0 not a hoof of them may be left behind Here the word “hoof” refers to the entire animal. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we cannot leave behind a single animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 10 27 n588 figs-synecdoche 0 Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “caused Pharaoh to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 10 27 mv8t 0 he would not let them go “Pharaoh would not let them go”
EXO 10 28 lcz2 0 Be careful about one thing “Make sure of one thing” or “Be certain of one thing”
EXO 10 28 te45 figs-synecdoche 0 you see my face Here the word “face” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you see me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EXO 10 29 h1jf figs-idiom 0 You yourself have spoken With these words, Moses emphasizes that Pharaoh has spoken the truth. Alternate translation: “What you have said is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 11 intro pu3u 0 # Exodus 11 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaoh’s hard heart<br><br>Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>In the previous chapters, Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he demanded that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. In this chapter, the same wording is used to refer to Pharaoh “allowing” the Hebrew people to leave Egypt.
EXO 11 1 i87h figs-you 0 he will let you go from here Each occurrence of the word “you” in this verse is plural and refers to Moses and the rest of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 11 5 hv8k 0 All the firstborn…the firstborn of Pharaoh…the firstborn of the slave girl…the firstborn of the cattle The “firstborn” always refers to the oldest male offspring.
EXO 11 5 hr1x 0 who is behind the handmill grinding it “who is grinding at the handmill” or “who is behind the handmill grinding grain”
EXO 11 8 ria5 figs-explicit 0 After that I will go out This means that Moses and the people of Israel will leave Egypt. Alternate translation: “After that I will leave here” or “After that I will go out from Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 11 10 um4u figs-synecdoche 0 Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 12 intro fd2f 0 # Exodus 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The events of this chapter are known as the Passover. They are remembered in the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Unleavened bread<br>The concept of unleavened bread is introduced in this chapter. Its significance stems from its connection to the events in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]])<br><br>### Ethnic segregation<br>The Hebrew people were to be separate from the rest of the world. Because of this, they separated themselves from other people groups. At this time, these foreigners were looked upon as unholy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
EXO 12 2 z785 figs-parallelism 0 For you, this month will be the start of months, the first month of the year to you These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the month in which the events of this chapter take place will be the beginning of their calendar year. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EXO 12 2 uy4w translate-hebrewmonths 0 the first month of the year The first month of the Hebrew calendar includes the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. It marks when Yahweh rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EXO 12 4 xzn3 figs-explicit 0 If the household is too small for a lamb This means that there are not enough people in the family to eat an entire lamb. Alternate translation: “If there are not enough people in the household to eat an entire lamb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 12 4 fu2g 0 the man and his next door neighbor Here “the man” refers to the man who is the leader of the household.
EXO 12 7 cjt7 0 on the two side doorposts and on the tops of the doorframes of the houses “on the sides and top of the way into the house”
EXO 12 8 jtn8 figs-activepassive 0 Eat it with bread made without yeast This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Eat it with bread which you have made without yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 9 ny3a 0 Do not eat it raw “Do not eat the lamb or goat uncooked”
EXO 12 10 ghk6 figs-activepassive 0 You must not let any of it be left over until morning This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not leave any of it until the morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 11 nzw2 0 eat it hurriedly “eat it quickly”
EXO 12 11 r789 figs-explicit 0 It is Yahweh’s Passover Here the word “it” refers to eating the animal on the tenth day of the month. Alternate translation: “This observance is Yahweh’s Passover” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 12 12 sa5n figs-abstractnouns 0 I will bring punishment on all the gods of Egypt This can be stated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will punish all the gods of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EXO 12 13 bxm9 figs-explicit 0 for my coming to you This implies that Yahweh will see the blood which indicates an Israelite home. Alternate translation: “that I will see when I come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 12 13 zt5d figs-idiom 0 I will pass over you The words “pass over” were a customary way of saying to not visit or enter. Alternate translation: “I will not enter your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 12 15 i9n3 figs-metaphor 0 that person must be cut off from Israel The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 16 bzj6 figs-activepassive 0 an assembly that is set apart to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “an assembly that you have set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 16 l7pj figs-activepassive 0 No work will be done on these days This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will do no work on these days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 16 qr65 figs-activepassive 0 That must be the only work that may be done by you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “That must be the only work that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 17 r3qj 0 armed group by armed group The term used for these groups is a military term referring to a large number of soldiers. Alternate translation: “division by division” or “regiment by regiment”
EXO 12 18 x8m9 0 twilight This refers to the time of evening after the sun has set but while there is still some light. See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:6](../12/06.md).
EXO 12 18 m475 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the fourteenth day in the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EXO 12 18 uss3 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the twenty-first day of the month “the twenty-first day of the first month.” This is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EXO 12 19 aej1 figs-activepassive 0 no yeast must be found in your houses This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there must not be any yeast in your houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 19 vy72 figs-metaphor 0 must be cut off from the community of Israel The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated “must be cut off from Israel” in [Exodus 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 20 t17e figs-activepassive 0 bread made without yeast This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:8](../12/08.md). Alternate translation: “bread which you have made without yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 22 c1cf 0 the top of the doorframe and the two doorposts “on the sides and top of the way into the house.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:7](../12/07.md).
EXO 12 23 uu61 figs-synecdoche 0 pass over your door Here the word “door” implies the entire house. This means that God will spare the Israelites in houses with blood on the doors. Alternate translation: “pass over your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EXO 12 24 v7z5 0 this event These words refer to the Passover or Festival of Unleavened Bread. Observing the Passover was an act of worshiping Yahweh.
EXO 12 25 l8ls 0 this act of worship These words refer to the Passover or Festival of Unleavened Bread. Observing the Passover was an act of worshiping Yahweh.
EXO 12 27 t779 figs-explicit 0 He set our households free This means that Yahweh spared the Israelites’ firstborn sons. Alternate translation: “He did not kill the firstborn sons in our houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 12 28 r5cj 0 as Yahweh had commanded Moses and Aaron “everything that Yahweh told Moses and Aaron to do”
EXO 12 29 zm1l 0 at midnight “in the middle of the night”
EXO 12 29 uj6u 0 all the firstborn in the land of Egypt…all the firstborn of cattle Here, “firstborn” always refers to the oldest male offspring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 11:5](../11/05.md).
EXO 12 29 g9z1 0 the firstborn of the person in prison “to the firstborn of people in prison.” This refers to prisoners, in general, and not to a specific person in prison.
EXO 12 30 cfj8 figs-abstractnouns 0 There was loud lamenting in Egypt This can be stated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “All the Egyptians cried loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EXO 12 30 gt4w figs-doublenegatives 0 for there was not a house where there was not someone dead This double negative emphasizes the positive. Alternate translation: “because someone was dead in every house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EXO 12 33 j5u4 figs-explicit 0 We will all die The Egyptians were afraid that they would die if the Israelites did not leave Egypt. Alternate translation: “We will all die if you do not leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 12 34 diw8 figs-activepassive 0 Their kneading bowls were already tied up in their clothes and on their shoulders This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They had already tied up their kneading bowls in their clothes and on their shoulders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 37 u81l translate-numbers 0 They numbered about 600,000 men “They numbered about six hundred thousand men.” The total number of men was about 600,000. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 12 39 x96c 0 bread without yeast in the dough “bread with dough that did not contain yeast”
EXO 12 39 pva6 figs-activepassive 0 they had been driven out of Egypt This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Egyptians had driven them out of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 40 qsi5 translate-numbers 0 430 years “four hundred and thirty years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 12 41 d8yh translate-numbers 0 430 years “four hundred and thirty years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 12 41 xlf4 0 Yahweh’s armed groups This refers to the tribes of Israel. See how you translated “armed group” in [Exodus 12:17](../12/17.md).
EXO 12 42 f3m6 figs-activepassive 0 to be observed by all the Israelites This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that all the Israelites were to observe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 42 w6mj 0 all the Israelites throughout their people’s generations “all the Israelites and the all the generations of their descendants”
EXO 12 43 pby5 0 No foreigner may share in eating it The pronoun “it” refers to the Passover meal.
EXO 12 44 n9wn 0 every Israelite’s slave “any slave of an Israelite”
EXO 12 44 xat2 figs-activepassive 0 bought with money This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Israelite has bought with money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 46 j242 figs-activepassive 0 The food must be eaten in one house This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Each Israelite family must eat the food in one house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 46 ycd9 0 you must not break any bone of it “you must not break any of its bones.” Here the word “it” refers to the lamb which the Israelite family will eat.
EXO 12 48 h7k9 figs-activepassive 0 all his male relatives must be circumcised This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone must circumcise all his male relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 48 hi4z figs-idiom 0 the people who were born in the land Here the word “land” refers to Canaan. The expression “born in the land” means a person who is a native Israelite. Alternate translation: “those who are Israelites by birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 12 48 f9ti figs-doublenegatives 0 no uncircumcised person may eat This can be stated in positive terms. Alternate translation: “only circumcised people may eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EXO 12 50 agw6 0 as Yahweh had commanded Moses and Aaron “everything that Yahweh told Moses and Aaron to do”
EXO 12 51 e3z3 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
EXO 12 51 tyj3 0 by their armed groups The term used for these groups is a military term referring to a large number of soldiers. See how you translated “armed group” in [Exodus 12:17](../12/17.md). Alternate translation: “by their divisions” or “by their regiments”
EXO 13 intro g9qi 0 # Exodus 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter records the instructions for the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Law<br>The law mentioned here is not the law of Moses because it has not yet been revealed. Instead, it is a more generic “rule.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. When this chapter states that Pharaoh let the people go, it indicates that he gave them permission to leave.
EXO 13 2 de3u 0 Set apart to me…every firstborn male God requires that every firstborn male child be set apart for him.
EXO 13 3 nwq6 figs-idiom 0 Call this day to mind The words “Call…to mind” were a customary way of telling someone to remember something. Alternate translation: “Remember and celebrate this day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 13 3 en1s figs-metaphor 0 the house of slavery Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 13 3 yjy5 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s strong hand Here the word “hand” refers to power. See how you translated “strong hand” in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 13 3 c6ee figs-activepassive 0 No bread with yeast may be eaten This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not eat bread with yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 13 4 y1f3 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the month of Aviv This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 13 5 x89s 0 you must observe this act of worship When the Israelites live in Canaan, they must celebrate the Passover on this day each year. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 12:25](../12/25.md).
EXO 13 6 tf79 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
EXO 13 6 vwy9 translate-numbers 0 For seven days “For 7 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 13 7 n41m figs-activepassive 0 Bread without yeast must be eaten This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must eat bread without yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 13 7 le33 figs-activepassive 0 no bread with yeast may be seen among you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You may not have any bread with yeast among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 13 7 c9kr figs-activepassive 0 No yeast may be seen with you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You may not have any yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 13 7 dmv1 0 within any of your borders “inside any of the borders of your land”
EXO 13 8 qum9 figs-quotations 0 On that day you are to say to your children, ‘This is because of what Yahweh did for me when I came out of Egypt.’ The quotation can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “On that day you are to tell your children that this is because of what Yahweh did for you when you came out of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 13 9 p21h figs-parallelism 0 This will be a reminder for you on your hand, and a reminder on your forehead These are two different types of physical reminders so people will not forget something important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EXO 13 9 s7zg figs-metaphor 0 a reminder for you on your hand Moses speaks of celebrating the festival as if it were tying an object around their hands to remind them of what Yahweh had done. Alternate translation: “like something you tie around your hand as a reminder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 13 9 mru4 figs-metaphor 0 a reminder on your forehead Moses speaks of celebrating the festival as if it were tying an object around their foreheads to remind them of what Yahweh had done. Alternate translation: “like something you tie around your head as a reminder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 13 9 b6ny figs-metonymy 0 so the law of Yahweh may be in your mouth The words “in your mouth” here refers to the words that they speak. Alternate translation: “so you may always be speaking of the law of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 13 9 w5rm figs-metonymy 0 strong hand The word “hand” here represents God’s actions or works. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). Alternate translation: “the power I show in my works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 13 11 iqh5 0 when he gives the land to you “when he gives the land of the Canaanites to you”
EXO 13 14 s8cm figs-quotations 0 When your son asks you later, ‘What does this mean?’ then you are to tell him The first quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “When your son asks you later what this means, then you are to tell him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 13 14 qr7q figs-metonymy 0 strong hand The word “hand” here represents God’s actions or works. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). Alternate translation: “the power I show in my works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 13 14 rcz7 figs-metaphor 0 the house of slavery Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:3](../13/03.md). Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 13 16 bse4 figs-parallelism 0 become a reminder on your hands, and a reminder on your forehead This expresses two ways to remember the importance of the passover event. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 13:9](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EXO 13 17 mzi7 0 the people will change their minds…and…return to Egypt Since Israelites had lived in slavery all their lives, they were more accustomed to peace than to war and would rather return to slavery than fight.
EXO 13 20 xq5d translate-names 0 camped at Etham Etham is located south of the route heading towards the Philistines, at the border of the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 13 21 jnv8 0 pillar of cloud…pillar of fire “a cloud in the shape of a column…fire in the shape of a column.” God is with them in a cloud by day and in a fire by night.
EXO 14 intro jq4u 0 # Exodus 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is an important event in the history of Israel, known as the “parting of the Sea of Reeds.”<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaoh’s hard heart<br><br>Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>### Pharaoh’s chariots<br>These chariots were a fighting force. Pharaoh took an army to kill the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>The Israelites asked a few rhetorical questions of Moses. These questions were not really directed at Moses, but at Yahweh. This showed their lack of faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
EXO 14 2 mb4e translate-names 0 Pi Hahiroth…Migdol…Baal Zephon These are towns on Egypt’s eastern border. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 14 2 c9r8 figs-you 0 You are to camp Here the word “You” is plural and refers to Moses and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 14 3 c81b figs-quotations 0 Pharaoh will say about the Israelites, ‘They are wandering in the land. The wilderness has closed in on them.’ This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh will say the Israelites are wandering in the land and the wilderness has closed in on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 14 3 tz6j figs-personification 0 The wilderness has closed in on them Pharaoh speaks of the wilderness as a person who has trapped the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EXO 14 4 mm7j 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to instruct Moses on where to go and what Yahweh will do.
EXO 14 4 dv62 figs-synecdoche 0 I will harden Pharaoh’s heart Here “heart” refers to the Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “I will cause Pharaoh to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 14 4 tw2m 0 he will pursue them “Pharaoh will pursue the Israelites”
EXO 14 4 d5x1 0 I will get honor “People will honor me”
EXO 14 4 ejn5 0 The Egyptians will know that I am Yahweh “The Egyptians will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God”
EXO 14 4 dms1 figs-activepassive 0 So the Israelites camped as they were instructed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites camped as Yahweh had instructed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 14 5 t4cn figs-activepassive 0 When the king of Egypt was told This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone told the king of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 14 5 k67b figs-metonymy 0 the minds of Pharaoh and his servants turned against the people Here the word “minds” refers to their attitudes towards the Israelites. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh and his servants changed their attitudes about the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 14 5 v236 figs-rquestion 0 What have we done? We have released Israel from serving us. They asked this question to show they thought they had done a foolish thing. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have done a stupid thing by letting Israel go free from working for us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 14 7 ry11 translate-numbers 0 He took six hundred chosen chariots “He took 600 of his best chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 14 8 a1r1 figs-synecdoche 0 Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh Here “heart” refers to the Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 14 9 sb7x translate-names 0 Pi Hahiroth…Baal Zephon These are towns on Egypt’s eastern border. See how you translated them in [Exodus 14:2](../14/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 14 10 s1xa figs-synecdoche 0 When Pharaoh came close The word “Pharaoh” here represents the entire Egyptian army. Alternate translation: “When Pharaoh and his army came close” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EXO 14 10 qcy1 0 they were terrified “the Israelites were terrified”
EXO 14 11 vzw5 figs-rquestion 0 Is it because there were no graves in Egypt, that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? The Israelites ask this question to express their frustration and fear of dying. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There were plenty of graveyards in Egypt for us to be buried in. You did not have to take us into the wilderness to die!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 14 11 x4n2 figs-rquestion 0 Why have you treated us like this, bringing us out of Egypt? The Israelites ask this question to rebuke Moses for bringing them to the desert to die. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have treated us like this by bringing us out of Egypt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 14 12 itb2 figs-rquestion 0 Is this not what we told you in Egypt? The Israelites ask this question to emphasize that this is what they had told Moses. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is exactly what we told you while we were in Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 14 12 ix25 figs-quotations 0 We said to you, ‘Leave us alone, so we can work for the Egyptians.’ This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “We told you to leave us alone, so we could work for the Egyptians.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 14 13 lat4 0 Moses said to the people Moses responds to the Israelites’ fears.
EXO 14 13 rrd4 figs-you 0 provide for you The pronoun “you” refers to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 14 13 h5n4 figs-euphemism 0 For you will never see again the Egyptians Moses used a polite way of saying God was going to destroy the Egyptian army. Alternate translation: “For God will kill the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EXO 14 15 a727 figs-rquestion 0 Why are you, Moses, continuing to call out to me? Moses apparently had been praying to God for help so God uses this question to compel Moses to act. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not call out to me any longer, Moses.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 14 16 t3e4 0 divide it in two “divide the sea into two parts”
EXO 14 17 z5ub 0 Be aware “Know”
EXO 14 17 qd3l figs-synecdoche 0 I will harden the Egyptians’ hearts Here “hearts” refers to the Egyptians themselves. Their stubborn attitude is spoken of as if their hearts were hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “I will cause the Egyptians to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 14 17 asz9 0 so they will go after them “so that the Egyptians will go into the sea after the Israelites”
EXO 14 20 wgr4 0 the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel “the Egyptian army and the Israelite people”
EXO 14 21 f9zh figs-activepassive 0 the waters were divided This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh divided the waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 14 22 fky6 0 on their right hand and on their left “on each side of them” or “on both sides of them”
EXO 14 25 qdp8 figs-activepassive 0 Their chariot wheels were clogged This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Mud clogged their chariot wheels” or “Their chariot wheels were getting stuck in the mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 14 26 p5ds 0 Yahweh said to Moses, “Reach out with your hand…and their horsemen.” This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Moses to reach out with his hand over the sea so that the waters would come back onto the Egyptians, their chariots, and their horsemen.”
EXO 14 27 wn3q 0 The Egyptians fled into the sea Since the sea was closing in on top of the Egyptians, instead of escaping, they were actually running right into the water.
EXO 14 27 h64r 0 Yahweh drove the Egyptians “Yahweh pushed the Egyptians” or “Yahweh threw the Egyptians”
EXO 14 30 e2lf figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of the Egyptians Here the word “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the Egyptians’ power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 14 30 p5zw 0 on the seashore “on the land along the edge of the sea”
EXO 15 intro ni4b 0 # Exodus 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic songs in 15:1-18 and 15:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s laws<br>In this chapter, Moses talks about Yahweh’s laws. The law of Moses is about to be introduced. Although it has not yet been formally introduced, this is what is being referenced in this chapter in anticipation of the revelation of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
EXO 15 1 kw29 figs-explicit 0 he has triumphed gloriously It can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. Alternate translation: “he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 15 1 f6ue figs-metaphor 0 the horse and its rider he has thrown into the sea Moses sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. Alternate translation: “he has made the sea cover over the horse and rider” or “he has made the horse and rider drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 15 1 cr5u figs-genericnoun 0 the horse and its rider This refers to all or many of the Egyptian horses and riders that were chasing the Israelites. Alternate translation: “the horses and their riders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
EXO 15 2 pb23 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh is my strength Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh is the one who gives me strength” or (2) “Yahweh is the strong one who protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 15 2 vk6l figs-metonymy 0 song Moses calls Yahweh his song because Yahweh is the one he sings about. Alternate translation: “the one I sing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 15 2 kbv7 figs-metonymy 0 he has become my salvation Moses calls God his salvation because God saved him. Alternate translation: “he has saved me” or “he is the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 15 3 p1d5 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is a warrior Moses calls God a warrior because God powerfully fought against the Egyptians and won. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 15 4 p8w6 figs-metaphor 0 He has thrown Pharaoh’s chariots and army into the sea Moses sings about God causing the sea to cover Pharaohs chariots and army as if God had thrown them into the sea. Alternate translation: “he has made the sea cover over Pharaoh’s chariots and army” or “He has made Pharaoh’s chariot riders and army drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 15 5 nqe4 figs-simile 0 they went down into the depths like a stone Just as a stone does not float but sinks to the bottom of the sea, the enemy soldiers sank to the bottom of the sea. Alternate translation: “they went down into the deep water like a stone sinking to the bottom of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EXO 15 6 x1fz figs-metonymy 0 Your right hand, Yahweh, is glorious in power Moses speaks of God as if God had hands. The right hand refers to God’s power or the things God does powerfully. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, your power is glorious” or “Yahweh, what you do is glorious in power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 15 6 p1u6 figs-metonymy 0 your right hand, Yahweh, has shattered the enemy Moses speaks of God as if God had hands. The right hand refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, your power has shattered the enemy” or “Yahweh, by your power you have shattered the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 15 6 rmd4 figs-metaphor 0 has shattered the enemy Moses speaks of the enemy as if it were fragile and could be shattered like glass or pottery. Alternate translation: “has completely destroyed the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 15 7 nd3t figs-metaphor 0 those who rose up against you Rebelling against God is spoken of as rising up against him. Alternate translation: “those who rebelled against you” or “your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 15 7 glq7 figs-personification 0 You sent out your wrath Moses speaks of God’s wrath as if it were a servant that God sent out to do something. Alternate translation: “You showed your wrath” or “You acted according to your wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EXO 15 7 a5x7 figs-metaphor 0 it consumed them like stubble Moses speaks of God’s wrath as if it were fire that could completely burn up things. His enemies were completely destroyed like stubble in a fire. Alternate translation: “it completely destroyed your enemies like a fire that burns up straw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EXO 15 8 ic8v figs-personification 0 By the blast of your nostrils Moses speaks of God as if God had a nose, and he speaks of the wind as if God blew the wind from his nose. Alternate translation: “You blew on the sea and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EXO 15 9 d8nk figs-activepassive 0 my desire will be satisfied on them This can be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: “I will satisfy my desire on them” or “I will take all I want from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 15 9 sm77 figs-metonymy 0 my hand will destroy them The enemies speak of destroying the Israelites by the power of their hands as if it were their hands that would destroy them. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them with my hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 15 10 yrj5 figs-metaphor 0 But you blew with your wind Moses spoke about God making the wind blow as if God blew the wind through his nose or mouth. Alternate translation: “But you made the wind blow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 15 10 f7d3 figs-simile 0 sank like lead in the mighty waters Lead is a heavy metal that is commonly used to make things sink in water. The word “lead” here is used to show how fast God’s enemies were destroyed. Alternate translation: “sank as fast as lead in the deep turbulent waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EXO 15 11 wq2s figs-rquestion 0 Who is like you, Yahweh, among the gods? Moses uses this question to show how great God is. Alternate translation: “O Yahweh, no one is like you among the gods!” or “Yahweh, none of the gods is like you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 15 11 pp57 figs-rquestion 0 Who is like you,…doing miracles? Moses uses this question to show how great God is. Alternate translation: No one is like you. No one is majestic in holiness as you are, no one is honored in praises as you are, and no one does miracles as you do!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 15 12 cid8 figs-metonymy 0 with your right hand The phrase “right hand” represents the strong power of God. Alternate translation: “with your strong power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 15 12 bkg2 figs-metaphor 0 You reached out with your right hand Moses speaks about God causing something to happen as if God reached out with his hand. Alternate translation: “With your strong power you made it happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 15 12 g7bv figs-personification 0 the earth swallowed them Moses personifies the earth as if it could swallow or devour with it’s mouth. Alternate translation: “the earth devoured them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EXO 15 14 uqf7 figs-personification 0 terror will seize the inhabitants of Philistia Moses speaks of terror as if it were a person that could forcefully grab hold of someone and make them extremely afraid. Alternate translation: “the inhabitants of Philistia will be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EXO 15 15 ya48 figs-metaphor 0 will melt away Moses speaks of people becoming weak from their fear as melting away. Alternate translation: “will be weak from fear” or “will be afraid and faint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 15 16 m1kt 0 Connecting Statement: Moses continues to sing about how the people of other nations will feel when they see God’s people.
EXO 15 16 nk67 figs-doublet 0 Terror and dread will fall on them These two words mean that fear will come upon them. Alternate translation: “Fear will come upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EXO 15 16 t2yp figs-metonymy 0 Because of your arm’s power God’s arm represents his great strength. Alternate translation: “Because of your great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 15 16 umm7 figs-simile 0 they will become as still as a stone Possible meanings are (1) “They will be silent like stone” or (2) “They will be motionless as stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EXO 15 17 n5i5 figs-explicit 0 You will bring them Where God would bring them can be stated clearly. Since Moses was not already in Canaan, some languages would use “take” rather than “bring.” Alternate translation: “You will take your people to Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
EXO 15 17 t6wg figs-metaphor 0 plant them on the mountain Moses speaks about God giving his people the land to live in as if they were a tree that God was planting. Alternate translation: “settle them on the mountain” or “let them live on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 15 17 ie26 figs-metaphor 0 of your inheritance Moses speaks about God promising to give his people the mountain forever as if he were giving it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “that you have given them as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 15 17 ytz3 figs-metonymy 0 that your hands have built The phrase “your hands” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “that you have built by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
EXO 15 20 gam2 translate-unknown 0 tambourine This is a musical instrument like a small drum that also has pieces of metal around the side that make a sound when shaken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 15 21 f6m3 figs-explicit 0 he has triumphed gloriously It can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. See how you translated this in [Exodus 15:1](../15/01.md). Alternate translation: “he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 15 21 hvu1 figs-metaphor 0 The horse and his rider he has thrown into the sea Miriam sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. See how you translated this in [Exodus 15:1](../15/01.md). Alternate translation: “He has made the horse and rider drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 15 22 iw9n figs-metonymy 0 Moses led Israel The word “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Moses led the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 15 22 c7pe translate-names 0 wilderness of Shur We do not know the exact locations of this place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 15 23 a9pv translate-names 0 Marah We do not know the exact locations of this place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 15 24 n64m 0 complained to Moses and said “were unhappy and told Moses” or “angrily told Moses”
EXO 15 26 l2hx figs-123person 0 the voice of Yahweh your God Yahweh is speaking about his own voice. His voice represents what he says. Alternate translation: “my voice” or “what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 15 26 sq5x figs-metaphor 0 do what is right in his eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “do what Yahweh considers to be right”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 15 26 m4cn figs-metaphor 0 I will put on you none of the diseases God speaks of causing people to have diseases as putting diseases on them. Alternate translation: “I will not cause any of you to have the diseases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 15 27 did8 translate-names 0 Elim This is an oasis in the desert, a place with water and shade trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 16 intro nkd7 0 # Exodus 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Complaints<br>The Israelites complained about the amount of food Yahweh gave them, even when he miraculously provided their food for them. This is intended to show their ungratefulness and their sinful view of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Prohibition against storing food<br>The people were not allowed to store the food, called manna, they were provided with. This is because they were to trust in Yahweh to provide for their needs every day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>### Sabbath<br>This is the first recorded celebration of the Sabbath rest. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])<br><br>### Ark of the covenant<br>Although the covenant has not yet been made, it is referenced in [Exodus 16:34](../../exo/16/34.md). This is probably done either in anticipation of the building of the ark or as an editorial comment made by Moses after these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Wilderness of Sin<br>Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 16 1 gw67 translate-names 0 wilderness of Sin The word “Sin” here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. It is not the English word “sin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 16 1 h44x translate-hebrewmonths 0 on the fifteenth day of the second month This time coincides with the end of April and the beginning of May on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “on day 15 of the second month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EXO 16 2 h938 figs-hyperbole 0 The whole community of Israelites complained “All the Israelites complained.” This is a generalization. Moses and Aaron did not complain. Alternate translation: “The Israelites complained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EXO 16 2 nx6f 0 complained “were angry and spoke”
EXO 16 3 nwy6 0 If only we had died This is a way of saying that they wished that they had died. Alternate translation: “We wish that we had died”
EXO 16 3 g1n1 figs-metonymy 0 by Yahweh’s hand The phrase “Yahweh’s hand” represents Yahweh’s action. Alternate translation: “by Yahweh’s action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 16 4 kls5 figs-metaphor 0 I will rain down bread from heaven for you God speaks of food coming down from heaven as if it were rain. Alternate translation: “I will make bread come down from heaven like rain” or “I will make bread fall to you from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 16 4 i1xw figs-metaphor 0 bread God speaks of the food that he will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 16 4 se28 figs-metaphor 0 walk in my law God speaks of obeying his law as walking in it. Alternate translation: “obey my law” or “live according to my law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 16 4 yew5 0 my law “my command”
EXO 16 5 p1f6 0 It will come about on the sixth day, that they “It will happen on the sixth day that they” or “On the sixth day they”
EXO 16 5 cl74 translate-numbers 0 on the sixth day “on day 6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 16 7 zb21 figs-rquestion מָ֔ה כִּ֥י תלונו 0 Who are we for you to complain against us? Moses and Aaron used this question to show the people that it was foolish to complain against them. Alternate translation: “We are not powerful enough for you to complain against us.” or “It is foolish to complain against us, because we cannot do what you want.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 16 8 v8rq figs-metaphor 0 bread Moses speaks of the food that God will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in [Exodus 16:4](../16/04.md). Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 16 8 pn4e figs-rquestion 0 Who are Aaron and I? Moses used this question to show the people that he and Aaron did not have the power to give them what they wanted. Alternate translation: “Aaron and I cannot give you what you want.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 16 8 vdr8 figs-explicit 0 Your complaints are not against us; they are against Yahweh The people were complaining against Moses and Aaron, who were Yahweh’s servants. So by complaining against them, the people were really complaining against Yahweh. Alternate translation: Your complaints are not really against us; they are against Yahweh, because we are his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 16 10 q4ax 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. The important event here is the people seeing Yahweh’s glory. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
EXO 16 10 b6rp 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that the people saw something interesting.
EXO 16 12 g7xc figs-metaphor 0 bread God speaks of the food that he will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in [Exodus 16:4](../16/04.md). Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 16 13 aas8 0 It came about…that This phrase is used here to mark an important part of the events. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
EXO 16 14 k5lb figs-simile 0 like frost The original readers knew what frost is like, so this phrase would help them understand what the flakes were like. Frost is frozen dew that forms on the ground. It is very fine. Alternate translation: “that looked like frost” or “that was fine like frost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 16 15 n5e7 figs-metaphor 0 bread Moses speaks of the food that God sent as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in [Exodus 16:4](../16/04.md). Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 16 22 nrx8 0 It came about that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. Verses 16:22-30 tell about what the people did concerning the manna on the sixth and seventh days of the week. If your language has a way for marking this as a new part of the story, you could consider using it here.
EXO 16 27 qf14 0 they found none “they did not find any manna”
EXO 16 28 q41d 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks to Moses, but the word “you” refers to the people of Israel in general.
EXO 16 28 e1vx figs-rquestion 0 How long will you refuse to keep my commandments and my laws? God used this question to scold the people because they did not obey his laws. Alternate translation: “You people still do not keep my commandments and laws!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 16 28 vnq7 0 to keep my commandments and my laws “to obey my commandments and my laws”
EXO 16 29 p22l figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has given you the Sabbath Yahweh speaks about teaching people to rest on the Sabbath as if the Sabbath were a gift. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, have taught you to rest on the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 16 29 y8wf 0 bread This refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning.
EXO 16 31 r1a5 translate-unknown 0 coriander seed Coriander is also known as cilantro. People dry the seeds and grind them into a powder and put it in food to give it flavor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 16 31 vrl4 0 wafers very thin biscuits or crackers
EXO 16 36 g8ns translate-bvolume 0 Now an omer is a tenth of an ephah An omer and an ephah are both containers for measuring volume. The original readers would have known how much an ephah was. This sentence would help them know how much an omer was. For languages that do not use fractions, this can be reworded. Alternate translation: “Now ten omers equal one ephah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EXO 17 intro f12q 0 # Exodus 17 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince people of their sin. Likewise, the people’s rhetorical question showed their ignorance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Wilderness of Sin<br>Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 17 1 h1li translate-names 0 wilderness of Sin The word “Sin” here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. It is not the English word “sin.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 16:1](../16/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 17 1 j1fm translate-names 0 Rephidim This means “the resting place,” a place to rest on long journeys through the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 17 2 hr9b figs-rquestion 0 Why do you quarrel with me? Why do you test Yahweh? Moses uses these questions to scold the people. Alternate translation: “You should not quarrel with me! You should not test Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 17 3 cz24 figs-rquestion 0 To kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst? The people use this question to accuse Moses of wanting to kill them. Alternate translation: “You only brought us out here to kill us and our children and cattle by not letting us have any water to drink!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 17 7 x5an translate-names 0 Massah a place in the desert whose name means “testing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 17 7 hw7y translate-names 0 Meribah a place in the desert whose name means “complaining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 17 10 ca3g figs-synecdoche 0 So Joshua fought Amalek Joshua represents himself and the Israelites that he led into battle. Alternate translation: “So Joshua and the men he chose fought against the Amalekites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EXO 17 11 x5ex figs-synecdoche 0 Israel was winning…Amalek would begin to win The words “Israel” and “Amalek” represent the fighters from those groups. Alternate translation: “the Israelite fighters were winning…the Amalekite fighters would begin to win” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EXO 17 12 hxt8 figs-metonymy 0 hands became heavy The author writes of Moses’ arms becoming tired as if his hands became heavy. Alternate translation: “arms became tired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 17 13 plp3 figs-metonymy 0 with the sword The sword represents battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 17 14 c5rl figs-metaphor 0 I will completely blot out the memory of Amalek God speaks of destroying Amalek as if he were removing people’s memory of Amalek. When a group of people is completely destroyed, there is nothing to remind people about them. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy Amalek” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 17 14 jm77 figs-metonymy 0 Amalek This refers to the Amalekites. Alternate translation: Amalekites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 17 16 bw78 figs-metonymy 0 a hand was lifted up People would raise their hand when they made a promise or pledge, so raising the hand represents making a promise. Alternate translation: “a promise was made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 17 16 s86d figs-activepassive 0 a hand was lifted up This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh lifted up his hand” or “Yahweh made a solemn promise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 18 intro t8g2 0 # Exodus 18 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Leadership lessons<br>Jethro taught Moses an important leadership lesson in this chapter. Many scholars look at this chapter for important leadership lessons. Moses delegated some of his responsibilities to other godly men so that he would not become worn out by all the demands made of him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
EXO 18 2 chy6 figs-explicit 0 after he had sent her home This is something Moses had done earlier. The full meaning of the can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “after Moses had sent her home to her parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 18 3 khs1 0 and her two sons This is the ending of the sentence that begins with the words “Jethro…took Zipporah” in verse 2. Possible meanings are (1) Jethro took Zipporah and her two sons to Moses, or (2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah and her two sons.
EXO 18 3 k4mb translate-names 0 Gershom This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means “foreigner.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 18 4 xi35 translate-names 0 Eliezer This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means “God is the one who helps me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 18 4 z2km figs-metonymy 0 Pharaoh’s sword This represents being killed by Pharaoh or Pharaoh’s army. Alternate translation: “being killed by Pharaoh” or “being killed by Pharaoh’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 18 5 kpq9 figs-activepassive 0 where he was camped This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where he camped with the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 18 7 s5p2 translate-symaction 0 bowed down, and kissed him These symbolic acts were the normal way that people showed great respect and devotion in that culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EXO 18 8 rkq2 figs-metonymy 0 for Israel’s sake The word “Israel” represents the Israelite people. Alternate translation: “in order to help the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 18 8 a1ra figs-metaphor 0 all the hardships that had come to them Moses writes of hardships happening to them as if hardships had come to them. Alternate translation: “all the hardships that had happened to them” or “all the hardships they had experienced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 18 9 wp1p figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the Egyptians The hand represents the power of someone to do something. Alternate translation: “the power of the Egyptians…the power of Pharaoh” or “what the Egyptians were doing to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 18 10 nrv7 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the Egyptians…the hand of Pharaoh The hand represents the power of someone to do something. Alternate translation: “the power of the Egyptians…the power of Pharaoh” or “what the Egyptians were doing to you…what Pharaoh was doing to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 18 14 bax5 figs-rquestion 0 What is this that you are doing with the people? Jethro uses this question to show Moses that what he was doing was not good. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not be doing all of this for the people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 18 14 b5wj figs-rquestion 0 Why is it that you sit alone…from morning until evening? Jethro used this question to show Moses that he was doing too much. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not sit alone…from morning till evening!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 18 14 cfd1 figs-metonymy 0 you sit alone The word “sit” here is a metonym for “judge.” Judges would sit while they listened to people’s complaints. Alternate translation: “you judge alone” or “you are the only one who judges the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 18 18 jtd2 0 You will surely wear yourselves out “you will surely make yourselves very tired”
EXO 18 18 h91b figs-metaphor 0 This burden is too heavy for you Jethro speaks of the hard work that Moses is doing as if it were a physical burden that Moses was carrying. Alternate translation: “This work is too much for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 18 19 pug7 0 you advice “you guidance” or “you instruction”
EXO 18 19 v8i9 figs-metaphor 0 God will be with you Jethro speaks of God helping Moses as if God would be with Moses. Alternate translation: “God will help you” or “God will give you wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 18 19 w4r8 figs-metaphor 0 you bring their disputes to him Jethro speaks of Moses telling God about their disputes as if Moses were bringing their disputes to God. Alternate translation: “you tell God about their disputes” or “you tell God what they are arguing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 18 20 w3vf figs-metaphor 0 You must show them the way to walk Jethro speaks of living or behaving like walking. Alternate translation: “You must show them how to live” or “You must show them how to behave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 18 21 p5ap 0 Furthermore, you must choose “In addition, you must choose” or “You must also choose”
EXO 18 21 n936 figs-metaphor 0 You must put them over people Jethro speaks of giving them authority over people as putting them over people. Alternate translation: You must give them authority over people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 18 21 d2hv translate-numbers 0 leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and of tens Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or (2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 18 22 y5n2 figs-metaphor 0 the difficult cases they will bring to you Jethro speaks of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. Alternate translation: “the difficult cases they will tell you about” or “when there are difficult cases, they will tell you about them so you can judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 18 22 u42p figs-metaphor 0 they will carry the burden with you Jethro speaks of the hard work that they would do as if it were a burden that they would carry. Alternate translation: “they will do the hard work with you” or “they will help you do the hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 18 23 wyq4 figs-explicit 0 endure What they will endure can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “endure the stress of the work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 18 25 n2ws figs-metaphor 0 heads over the people Moses writes of the leaders of people as if they were the head of a body. Alternate translation: “leaders of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 18 25 tb18 figs-explicit 0 capable men What they were capable of doing can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “men who were able to lead” or “men who were able to judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 18 25 iqn8 translate-numbers 0 leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or (2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” See how you translated this in [Exodus 18:21](../18/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 18 26 abx4 0 judged the people in normal circumstances “judged the people most of the time” or “judged the people’s easy cases”
EXO 18 26 z7j4 figs-metaphor 0 The difficult cases they brought to Moses The author writes of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. Alternate translation: “the difficult cases they told Moses about” or “when there were difficult cases, they told Moses about them so that he would judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 19 intro ck7e 0 # Exodus 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “A kingdom of priests”<br>The function of the priests was to intercede for the people. The Levites were the only priests in Israel; this is a metaphor indicating that the nation was to intercede for the world as a whole. They were also to be holy, or set apart, from the rest of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>### Revealing the Law<br>The events of this chapter are concerned with preparing the people to receive the law of Moses. The people go through all of this to prepare themselves for the law, which show the great importance of this event for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
EXO 19 1 r5tj translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the third month…on the same day This means they arrived at the wilderness on the first day of the month just as they left Egypt on the first day of the month. The first day of the third month on the Hebrew calendar is near the middle of May on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “In the third month…on the first day of the month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EXO 19 2 nk51 translate-names 0 Rephidim This is an area on the edge of the wilderness of Sinai where the people of Israel had been camping. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 17:1](../17/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 19 3 s2qt figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jacob The word “house” here represents Jacob’s family and descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 19 3 f4qw 0 the house of Jacob, the people of Israel The phrase “the people of Israel” explains what “the house of Jacob” means.
EXO 19 4 z9i6 figs-you 0 You have seen The word “you” here refers to the Israelites. Yahweh is telling Moses what to tell the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 19 4 b7ph figs-metaphor 0 I carried you on eagles’ wings God speaks of caring for his people while they traveled as if he were an eagle and carried them on his wings. Alternate translation: “I helped you travel like an eagle that carries her babies on her wings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 19 5 th35 0 obediently listen to my voice Obediently can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “listen to my voice and obey me”
EXO 19 5 c767 figs-metonymy 0 my voice God’s voice represents what he says. Alternate translation: “what I say” or “my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 19 5 fh8e 0 keep my covenant “do what my covenant requires you to do”
EXO 19 5 ifv6 0 special possession “treasure”
EXO 19 6 gm9s figs-metaphor 0 a kingdom of priests God speaks of his people as if they were priests. Alternate translation: “a kingdom of people who are like priests” or “a kingdom of people who do what priests do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 19 7 c5tq figs-metaphor 0 set before them all these words The author writes of Moses telling people things as if he were setting the words before them. AT “told them all these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 19 7 zqk1 0 all these words that Yahweh had commanded him “all that Yahweh had commanded him”
EXO 19 8 ljf5 figs-go 0 Moses came to report Where Moses went can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Moses went back up the mountain to report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 19 8 rwx6 figs-metonymy 0 the people’s words The word “words” refers to what the people said. Alternate translation: “what the people said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 19 10 ie7y 0 you must set them apart to me This probably means “tell them to dedicate themselves to me” or “tell them to purify themselves for me.”
EXO 19 10 j891 0 their garments “their clothes” or “what they are wearing”
EXO 19 12 d48p 0 set boundaries “make a boundary.” This was either a mark or some kind of barrier.
EXO 19 12 kis1 figs-activepassive 0 Whoever touches the mountain will surely be put to death This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “You must surely put to death any person who touches the mountain” or “You must surely kill anyone who touches the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 19 12 ibe7 0 Whoever touches “Any person who touches” or “Anyone who touches”
EXO 19 13 l9ak 0 such a person “a person who does that” or “a person who touches the mountain”
EXO 19 13 k35k figs-activepassive 0 he must certainly be stoned or shot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly stone or shoot him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 19 13 ng41 0 a long blast “a long, loud sound”
EXO 19 15 bw2p figs-euphemism 0 do not go near your wives This is a polite way of talking about sleeping with their wives. Alternate translation: “do not sleep with your wives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EXO 19 18 m1b5 0 Yahweh descended “Yahweh came down”
EXO 19 18 a8p7 0 like the smoke of a furnace This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. Alternate translation: “like the smoke from a very large fire”
EXO 19 19 f5e6 figs-metonymy 0 in a voice The word “voice” here refers to a sound that God made. Possible meanings are (1) “by speaking loudly like thunder” or (2) “by speaking” or (3) “by causing thunder to sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 19 20 v7mh 0 he summoned Moses “he commanded Moses to come up”
EXO 19 21 d2qm figs-metaphor 0 not to break through God spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated “set bounds” in [Exodus 19:12](../19/12.md). Alternate translation: “not to go beyond the boundary” or “not to go through the barrier”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 19 24 w8lx 0 get down “go down”
EXO 19 24 bk6p figs-metaphor 0 break through the barrier God spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 19:21](../19/21.md). Alternate translation: “go beyond the boundary” or “go through the barrier” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 20 intro x7vt 0 # Exodus 20 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The instructions recorded in this chapter are commonly known as the “ten commandments.”<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant<br>Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness is now based on the covenant he made with Abraham as well as the covenant he is making with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
EXO 20 5 s2ia translate-ordinal 0 to the third and the fourth generation “to generations 3 and 4.” This refers to the grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Alternate translation: “even on the grandchildren and great-grandchildren (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EXO 20 6 u9nc figs-abstractnouns 0 I show covenant faithfulness to thousands of those who love me The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithfully” or “faithful.” Alternate translation: “I faithfully love thousands of those who love me” or “I am faithful to the covenant with thousands of those who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EXO 20 6 yw38 figs-explicit 0 to thousands of those who love me The word “thousands” is a metonym for a number too many to count. Alternate translation: “forever to those who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 20 7 t3k2 0 take the name of Yahweh your God “use the name of Yahweh your God”
EXO 20 7 gcz2 0 in vain “carelessly” or “without proper respect”
EXO 20 7 sl6g figs-doublenegatives 0 I will not hold guiltless This double-negative can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “I will certainly consider guilty” or “I will certainly punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EXO 20 8 kwn7 0 set it apart “set it apart for a special purpose”
EXO 20 9 sad1 0 do all your work “do all your usual duties”
EXO 20 10 t1ky figs-metonymy 0 within your gates Cities often had walls around them to keep out enemies, and gates for people to go in and out. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 20 11 vw1f translate-ordinal 0 on the seventh day “on day seven.” Here “seventh” is the ordinal number for “7.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EXO 20 11 s8ds 0 blessed the Sabbath day Possible meanings are that (1) God caused the Sabbath day to produce good results, or (2) God said that the Sabbath day was good.
EXO 20 24 ge89 figs-metonymy 0 cause my name to be honored Here “name” is a metonym for God’s being. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “choose for you to honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 20 26 qm1b 0 You must not go up to my altar on steps “Do not build steps up to the altar and go up to it on those steps”
EXO 20 26 h2qd 0 your nakedness “your private parts”
EXO 21 intro dnd3 0 # Exodus 21 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant with Moses<br>Although the covenant Yahweh made with Moses began in the previous chapter, it formally begins with the statement, “Now these are the decrees that you must set before them.” The law of Moses was a major part of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Slavery<br>This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. However, it does impose some restrictions on the practice.<br><br>### Justice in society<br>The rules and law of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God’s chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
EXO 21 3 ln3r figs-explicit 0 If he came by himself, he must go free by himself What “by himself” means can be stated clearly. Some languages require that the additional condition, that he marries while a slave, be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “If he became a slave while he had no wife, and if he marries while he is a slave, the master need only free the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 21 3 pfn3 0 by himself “alone” or “without a wife”
EXO 21 3 e467 0 if he is married “if he was married when he became a slave” or “if he came as a married man”
EXO 21 5 yj8x 0 plainly says “clearly says”
EXO 21 5 jqh4 0 I will not go out free “I do not want my master to set me free”
EXO 21 6 z8x1 0 bore his ear through “put a hole in his ear”
EXO 21 6 k6ev 0 for life “until the end of his life” or “until he dies”
EXO 21 8 p8se 0 has designated “has chosen”
EXO 21 8 t2zf figs-activepassive 0 he must let her be bought back This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he must allow her father to buy her back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 8 bi4y 0 has no right to sell “has no authority to sell”
EXO 21 8 h7f7 0 he has treated her deceitfully “he has deceived her”
EXO 21 9 w99z 0 designates her as a wife for his son “decides that she is the one who will be his son’s wife”
EXO 21 10 rxk4 figs-doublenegatives 0 he must not diminish her food, clothing, or her marital rights This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “he must give the first wife the same food, clothing, and marital rights she had before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EXO 21 10 q2gt 0 must not diminish her food “must not take away her food” or “must not give her less food”
EXO 21 10 np9b figs-euphemism 0 or her marital rights This includes things that a husband must do for his wife, including sleeping with her. Alternate translation: “and he must continue to sleep with her as before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EXO 21 12 gks4 0 strikes a man “hits a man” or “attacks a man”
EXO 21 12 su6b figs-activepassive 0 that person must surely be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly execute that person” or “you must certainly kill that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 13 h4ka 0 did not do it with premeditation “did not plan to do it” or “did not do it on purpose”
EXO 21 13 gme9 figs-explicit 0 I will fix a place to where he can flee The purpose of choosing a place can be stately clearly here. Alternate translation: “I will choose a place that he can run away to be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 21 14 st5h 0 according to a cunning plan “after thinking carefully about it”
EXO 21 14 abx6 0 must take him The word “him” refers to the one who killed his neighbor.
EXO 21 14 bcc6 figs-activepassive 0 so that he may die This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you can kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 15 y3hd figs-activepassive 0 Whoever hits his father or mother must surely be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If anyone hits his father or mother, you must surely put him to death” or “You must surely kill anyone who hits his father or mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 15 qh2j 0 must surely “must certainly”
EXO 21 16 iu81 figs-activepassive 0 that kidnapper must be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill that kidnapper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 17 h8qf figs-activepassive 0 Whoever curses his father or his mother must surely be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill anyone who curses his father or his mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 18 hk3c figs-activepassive 0 is confined to his bed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “cannot get out of bed” or “has to stay in bed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 19 xg6c figs-explicit 0 the loss of his time This refers to a situation when someone cannot work to earn money. You can express this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the time he could not work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 21 19 ws14 0 pay for his complete recovery “pay his medical costs” or “pay for his costs for healing”
EXO 21 20 te41 0 as a result of the blow “because of the injury” or “because his master hit him”
EXO 21 20 h4eg figs-activepassive 0 that man must surely be punished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly punish that man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 21 r65u figs-explicit 0 for he will have suffered the loss of the servant You can express clearly in the translation that the servant was valuable to his master. Alternate translation: “because he has already lost his servant who was valuable to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 21 22 a6av 0 she miscarries “her baby dies in her womb” or “her baby is born too soon and dies”
EXO 21 22 cn4h figs-activepassive 0 the guilty man must surely be fined This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly fine the guilty man” or “the guilty man must pay a fine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 22 v5ye 0 as the judges determine “what the judges decide”
EXO 21 23 x2ek figs-explicit 0 you must give a life for a life This means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. Alternate translation: “he must give his life for her life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 21 24 c5bq figs-explicit 0 an eye for an eye This means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. Alternate translation: “his eye for her eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 21 26 i8cg 0 If a man Here “man” refers to the owner of a slave.
EXO 21 26 bmc1 0 in compensation “as payment.” Compensation is what someone does for another person or gives to another person to make up for what he has caused that person to lose.
EXO 21 28 sp6w 0 an ox gores “an ox injures with its horns”
EXO 21 28 qk3u figs-activepassive 0 the ox must surely be stoned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must stone the ox to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 28 q2gv figs-activepassive 0 its flesh must not be eaten This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must not eat its flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 28 d4li figs-activepassive 0 the ox’s owner must be acquitted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must acquit the ox’s owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 29 nzn1 figs-activepassive 0 its owner also must be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must also kill its owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 30 t5rs figs-explicit 0 If a payment is required for his life If the ox’s owner can pay a fine to save his own life, then he must pay whatever the judges decide. The full meaning of this can be stated clearly. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if the owner of the bull can pay a fine to save his own life, he must pay the full amount that the judges say that he must pay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 31 kg25 0 has gored “has injured with its horns”
EXO 21 32 qzv3 translate-bmoney 0 thirty shekels of silver “330 grams of silver.” A shekel weighed eleven grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
EXO 21 32 wm9a figs-activepassive 0 the ox must be stoned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill the ox by stoning it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 33 fd4p 0 opens a pit “uncovers a hole in the ground” or “takes a cover off a hole in the ground”
EXO 21 34 b48a figs-explicit 0 repay the loss The owner must be paid for the loss of his animal. Alternate translation: “pay the owner for the dead animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 21 34 j8qz figs-explicit 0 will become his The one who paid for the loss of the animal will become the owner of the dead animal and can do what he wants with it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will belong to the owner of the pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 21 35 z9ug 0 divide its price “divide the money” or “divide the money they receive”
EXO 21 36 fkx2 figs-activepassive 0 if it was known This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if people knew” or “if the owner knew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 21 36 v64b 0 a habit of goring in time past “had gored other animals before”
EXO 21 36 ix8h figs-explicit 0 its owner has not kept it in This means that the owner did not keep his ox securely inside a fence. This can be clearly stated in the translation. Alternate translation: “its owner did not keep it inside a fence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 21 36 dcv2 figs-explicit 0 he must surely pay ox for ox The owner of the ox that killed must give an ox to the man who lost his ox. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the owner of the ox that killed must surely give a living ox to the owner of the ox that died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 22 intro f9vb 0 # Exodus 22 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice in society<br>The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God’s chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. In this chapter, the purpose of these laws often focuses on minimizing the people’s desire for vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
EXO 22 2 mt43 figs-activepassive 0 If a thief is found This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If anyone finds a thief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 22 2 e98x 0 breaking in “using force to come into a house”
EXO 22 2 gt5f figs-activepassive 0 if he is struck so that he dies This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if anyone strikes the thief so that he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 22 2 fq57 0 no guilt for murder will attach to anyone on his account “no one will be guilty of murdering him”
EXO 22 3 vym5 0 if the sun has risen before he breaks in “if it is light before he breaks in” or “if he breaks in and it is after sunrise”
EXO 22 3 nl2i 0 guilt for murder will attach to the person who kills him “the person who kills him will be guilty of murder”
EXO 22 3 f4w4 0 make restitution “pay for what he stole”
EXO 22 3 c5yl figs-activepassive 0 he must be sold for his theft This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “you must sell him as a slave in order to pay for what he stole” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 22 4 k926 figs-activepassive 0 If the stolen animal is found alive in his possession This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If they find that he still has the live animal that he stole” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 22 6 w6ku 0 a field is consumed “fire consumes a field” or “fire destroys a field”
EXO 22 6 j398 0 must surely make restitution “must certainly pay for the grain that the fire destroyed”
EXO 22 7 jw3v 0 for safe keeping “to watch over it” or “to keep it safe”
EXO 22 7 na9h figs-activepassive 0 if it is stolen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone steals it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 22 7 x2sh figs-activepassive 0 if the thief is found This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if you find the thief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 22 8 lwg5 0 come before the judges to see whether “come before the judges so that they can find out if”
EXO 22 8 f774 figs-idiom 0 has put his own hand on his neighbor’s property This is an idiom. If you have a way of saying this in your language, you can use it here. Alternate translation: “has stolen his neighbor’s property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 22 9 p7ab 0 the claim of both parties must come before the judges The judges must listen to both people who claim that the item belongs to them and the judges will decide who is guilty.
EXO 22 11 gl7t figs-activepassive 0 an oath to Yahweh must be taken by them both Only the man who is accused of stealing the animal must swear the oath. The owner of the lost animal must accept the oath that has been sworn. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was caring for the animal must swear an oath before Yahweh and the owner must accept that oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 22 12 yw3w figs-activepassive 0 But if it was stolen from him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But if someone stole the animal from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 22 13 b313 figs-activepassive 0 If an animal was torn in pieces This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But if a wild beast tore the animal in pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 22 13 pc6i figs-activepassive 0 He will not have to pay for what was torn This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will not have to pay for the animal that the wild beast destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 22 14 h8yw 0 must surely make restitution “must certainly repay with another animal” or “must certainly pay the owner for the animal”
EXO 22 15 g3zw figs-activepassive 0 if the animal was hired This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone rented the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 22 15 r792 figs-explicit 0 it will be paid for by its hiring fee The one who borrowed the animal will not have to pay the owner anything more than the hiring or rental fee. This fee will pay for the loss of the animal. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the money that someone paid to rent the animal will cover the loss of the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 22 15 f9w9 0 hiring fee “rental fee” or “money paid to rent the animal”
EXO 22 16 a8s8 0 a man seduces a virgin who is not engaged “a man persuades a virgin who is not engaged that she wants to sleep with him”
EXO 22 16 th2m 0 not engaged “not promised to be married”
EXO 22 16 g24h figs-euphemism 0 if he lies with her Lying with someone is a euphemism for having sex. Alternate translation: “if he has sex with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EXO 22 19 y3qy figs-euphemism 0 Whoever lies with an animal This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Whoever has sexual relations with an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EXO 22 20 n4nh figs-activepassive 0 Yahweh must be completely destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you must completely destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 22 21 kr35 0 wrong a foreigner “mistreat a foreigner” or “cheat a foreigner”
EXO 22 22 djh3 figs-doublenegatives 0 You must not mistreat any widow or fatherless child This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “You must treat all widows and fatherless children fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EXO 22 22 l2ih 0 fatherless child “orphan” or “child with no parents”
EXO 22 24 sx9h figs-metonymy 0 I will kill you with the sword To be killed “with the sword” is a metonym that means a person will die violently, or perhaps fighting in a war. Alternate translation: “you will die a violent death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 22 25 v5je 0 a moneylender “one who lends money”
EXO 22 25 g3ry 0 charge him interest “charge him extra money for borrowing” or “charge him extra money for the loan”
EXO 22 26 vsk2 0 garment in pledge “coat as collateral” or “coat as a guarantee to repay the loan”
EXO 22 27 wi2m 0 only covering “only coat” or “only garment to keep him warm”
EXO 22 27 x7zb figs-rquestion 0 What else can he sleep in? This question adds emphasis. You can translate it as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “He will have nothing to wear while he sleeps!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 22 28 eel2 0 You must not blaspheme me, God “Do not insult God” or “Do not speak evil about God”
EXO 22 28 tdj6 0 nor curse a ruler “and do not ask God to do bad things to a ruler”
EXO 22 29 p8nk figs-doublenegatives 0 You must not hold back offerings This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “You must bring all of your offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EXO 22 29 m4yq 0 give to me the firstborn of your sons “dedicate your firstborn sons to me”
EXO 22 30 cya6 0 do the same with “dedicate to me the firstborn of”
EXO 22 30 j345 translate-numbers 0 For seven days This can be written as a numeral. Alternate translation: “For 7 days after they are born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 22 30 m4wq translate-numbers 0 the eighth day This can be written as a numeral. Alternate translation: “day number 8” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 22 30 l9vh 0 give them to me “dedicate them to me”
EXO 23 intro hk5t 0 # Exodus 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice in society<br>The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God’s chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>### Celebrations of feasts and festivals<br>The people of Israel were required to celebrate certain feasts and festivals. These were part of the law of Moses and some are described in this chapter. Their purpose was to worship Yahweh and to remember the great things Yahweh has done for them.
EXO 23 2 nqz9 0 nor may you bear witness “and you also must not speak”
EXO 23 2 z6ej figs-metaphor 0 siding with the crowd This is a metaphor that describes one’s agreeing with a group of people as if he actually walked over and stood with that group. Alternate translation: “doing what the crowd wants” or “agreeing with the majority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 23 8 gh3v figs-personification 0 bribe blinds…perverts Here a “bribe” is described as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “bribe discredits…undermines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EXO 23 11 s4wv figs-explicit 0 so that the poor among your people may eat The poor can eat any food that grows on its own in a field that is not cultivated. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “so the poor among your people may harvest and eat any food that grows on its own in that field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 23 12 ij92 0 your ox and your donkey “your work animals”
EXO 23 12 gpu1 figs-activepassive 0 any foreigner may rest and be refreshed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “any foreigner may rest and regain his strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 23 13 ldn8 0 Pay attention to “Do” or “Obey”
EXO 23 13 x5tf figs-metonymy 0 mention the names of other gods This represents praying to other gods. Alternate translation: “pray to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 23 14 kp1j 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
EXO 23 15 bu7n translate-hebrewmonths 0 Aviv This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:4](../13/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 23 15 tx1v figs-doublenegatives 0 not appear before me empty-handed Here understatement is used to emphasize that the Israelites must bring a suitable offering to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “come to me without a proper offering” or “always bring an offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EXO 23 17 t5xj figs-explicit 0 All your males must appear before the Lord Yahweh Here to “appear” means to gather for worship. Alternate translation: “All the men must gather to worship the Lord Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 23 19 h3gs 0 the choicest firstfruits “the best and first produce of the harvest”
EXO 23 19 u7bk 0 You must not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk This was a magical fertility practice among the Canaanites, which the Israelites were not permitted to participate in.
EXO 23 21 pm7x 0 Be attentive to him “Listen to him”
EXO 23 21 p5y3 0 Do not provoke him, for he will not pardon “If you provoke him, he will not pardon”
EXO 23 21 p4jv figs-metonymy 0 My name is on him Here “name” refers to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “He has my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 23 22 z1gn figs-metonymy 0 If you indeed obey his voice Here “voice” represents what the angel says. Alternate translation: “If you carefully obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 23 22 y9bm figs-parallelism 0 an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries These two phrases mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EXO 23 23 ap6k 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
EXO 23 24 a1d5 figs-explicit 0 You must not…do as they do The Israelites must not live as the people who worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You must not…live as the people who worship those gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 23 25 t3ir figs-merism 0 he will bless your bread and water This is a merism that means food and drink. Alternate translation: “he will bless your food and drink” or “he will bless you by giving you food and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
EXO 23 25 ydl4 figs-123person 0 he will bless…I will remove Yahweh switched between the first and third pronoun to refer to himself. Here both “he” and “I” refer to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EXO 23 26 q4gz figs-doublenegatives 0 No woman will be barren or will miscarry her young in your land This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Every woman will be able to become pregnant and give birth to healthy babies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EXO 23 33 d1fp figs-metaphor 0 this will surely become a trap for you This means worshiping other gods will lead the people of Israel to certain destruction as if they were an animal caught in a hunter’s trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 24 intro b83l 0 # Exodus 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Moses’ covenant<br>The people of Israel promise to obey the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. Their continued blessings were contingent upon their obedience to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### God’s holiness<br>Because Yahweh is perfectly holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. Because of this, only Moses was allowed near Yahweh. This is also why Yahweh is described as a “devouring fire.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
EXO 24 1 c97i translate-names 0 Nadab…Abihu These are men’s names. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 24 1 nm3t translate-numbers 0 seventy of Israel’s elders “70 of Israel’s elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 24 3 cg32 figs-idiom 0 with one voice This is an idiom that means the people were in complete agreement. Alternate translation: “together” or “in agreement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 24 4 h7gg 0 foot of the mountain “base of the mountain” or “bottom of the mountain”
EXO 24 6 l5ia 0 Moses took half of the blood and put it into basins Moses collected half of the blood in basins in order to splash it on the people in [Exodus 24:8](../24/08.md). This would confirm the people’s participation in the covenant between the people of Israel and God.
EXO 24 6 f7dh 0 he sprinkled the other half onto the altar Here the altar represents God. This would confirm God’s participation in the covenant between God and the people of Israel.
EXO 24 7 axt9 figs-activepassive 0 We will be obedient This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “We will obey everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 24 8 h9ff figs-explicit 0 Then Moses took the blood This refers to the blood that Moses had put into the bowls. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Then Moses took the blood that was in the bowls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 24 9 uz7y translate-names 0 Nadab…Abihu These are men’s names. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 24 10 ic4s figs-personification 0 Under his feet This speaks of God as if he had human feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EXO 24 10 zd6u figs-simile 0 as clear as the sky itself This is a simile. Alternate translation: “as clear as the sky is when there are no clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EXO 24 11 jds6 figs-metonymy 0 God did not lay a hand on the Israelite leaders This means that God did not harm the leaders. Alternate translation: “God did not harm the Israelite leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 24 12 dx4f figs-explicit 0 tablets of stone and the law and commandments God had written the law and commandments on the tablets of stone. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “two stone slabs on which I have written all the laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 24 13 gv5e 0 with his assistant Joshua “with Joshua who assisted him” or “with Joshua who helped him”
EXO 24 14 qiy4 0 wait for us “wait for Joshua and me”
EXO 24 14 uc7r translate-names 0 Hur Hur was a man who was a friend of Moses and Aaron. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 17:10](../17/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 24 16 j2s5 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s glory This was the brilliant light of God’s presence. Alternate translation: “The brilliant light showing God’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 24 17 e4n6 figs-simile 0 like a devouring fire This means the glory of Yahweh was very large and seemed to burn brightly like a fire. Alternate translation: “like a big fire burning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EXO 24 17 k5lj figs-metaphor 0 in the eyes of the Israelites Their eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents their thoughts or judgment about they saw. Alternate translation: “to the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 24 18 h1wy translate-numbers 0 forty days and forty nights “40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 25 intro t23a 0 # Exodus 25 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tent of meeting<br>This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
EXO 25 2 r5yr figs-idiom 0 who is motivated by a willing heart This is an idiom that indicates a person’s desire to give an offering. Alternate translation: “who wants to give an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 25 2 k78q figs-you 0 You must receive The word “you” refers to Moses and the leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 25 4 c1qn 0 blue, purple, and scarlet material Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen.
EXO 25 6 i6gp translate-unknown 0 spices dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 25 7 mg4f translate-unknown 0 onyx a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 25 7 aks5 figs-activepassive 0 precious stones to be set This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “precious stones for someone to set” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 25 9 w4sc 0 tabernacle Here this word means the same thing as the word “sanctuary” in verse 8.
EXO 25 9 c9qe figs-you 0 You must make it Here “you” is plural and refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 25 9 m1np figs-you 0 show you in the plans “show you in the design” or “show you in the pattern.” Here “you” is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 25 10 cs23 translate-bdistance 0 two and a half cubits…one cubit and a half A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…almost 69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EXO 25 12 e59p 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
EXO 25 12 wbq8 0 cast four rings of gold Casting was a process in which gold was melted, poured into a mold that was in the shape of a ring, and then allowed to harden.
EXO 25 17 ast8 translate-bdistance 0 two and a half cubits…a cubit and a half A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EXO 25 19 rgn8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
EXO 25 19 j38e 0 atonement lid This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
EXO 25 19 b4l9 figs-activepassive 0 They must be made This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must make them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 25 21 lm1p figs-you 0 You must put Here “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 25 22 zu9u figs-you 0 It is at the ark that I will meet with you “I will meet with you at the ark.” In 25:22 the word “you” is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 25 22 wq9w 0 atonement lid This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
EXO 25 23 b11v 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
EXO 25 23 t312 translate-bdistance 0 two cubits…one cubit…a cubit and a half A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2 cubits…1 cubit…1.5 cubits” or “92 centimeters…46 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EXO 25 25 bit8 0 frame for it “frame for the table”
EXO 25 26 y64j 0 feet were “legs are”
EXO 25 27 jdh4 figs-activepassive 0 The rings must be attached This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must attach the rings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 25 27 q5w8 0 in order to carry “so you can carry”
EXO 25 28 l4fk figs-activepassive 0 so that the table may be carried with them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you may carry the table with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 25 29 v78d figs-activepassive 0 to be used to pour out drink offerings This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you may use them to pour out drink offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 25 31 kc3q 0 hammered gold “beaten gold.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:18](../25/18.md).
EXO 25 31 g25l figs-activepassive 0 The lampstand is to be made This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 25 31 fq45 figs-activepassive 0 Its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers are to be all made of one piece with it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers all of one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 25 33 nag2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand ([Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)).
EXO 25 33 i7bh 0 almond blossoms white or pink flowers that have five petals
EXO 25 34 ji3x 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand ([Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)).
EXO 25 35 lg8l 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand ([Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)).
EXO 25 35 n5ed figs-activepassive 0 made as one piece with it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must make them as one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 25 36 z9wy 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand ([Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)).
EXO 25 37 m2i7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
EXO 25 37 dfn6 0 for them to give light from it “so they shine light from it”
EXO 25 38 l5w8 figs-activepassive 0 The tongs and their trays must be made of pure gold This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make the tongs and their trays of pure gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 25 40 l7je figs-activepassive 0 you are being shown on the mountain This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am showing you on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 26 intro emw7 0 # Exodus 26 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tent of meeting<br>This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
EXO 26 1 ks8r figs-you 0 You must make Yahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word “you” is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. “Tell a craftsman to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 26 2 dkr6 translate-bdistance 0 twenty-eight cubits…four cubits “28 cubits…4 cubits.” A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 26 3 ba6w figs-activepassive 0 Five curtains must be joined to each other…must also be joined to each other This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Sew five curtains together to make one set, and sew the other five curtains together to make another set” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 26 10 j8yn 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
EXO 26 10 etf7 0 loops See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:4](./04.md).
EXO 26 11 cq36 0 clasps The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:6](./06.md).
EXO 26 12 x5p7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
EXO 26 13 k4ci translate-bdistance 0 cubit A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EXO 26 14 kii8 0 a covering of ram skins dyed red, and another covering of fine leather See how you translated similar phrases in [Exodus 25:5](../25/05.md).
EXO 26 19 lg39 figs-activepassive 0 There must be two bases This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Put two bases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 26 21 gag1 figs-explicit 0 and so on This means that what was said about the first two boards should be done for the rest of the boards. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “and two bases for each of the rest of the boards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 26 24 k1ec figs-activepassive 0 These frames must be separate at the bottom, but joined at the top This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Separate these frames at the bottom, but join them at the top” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 26 25 p2wu 0 silver bases These were silver blocks that had a slot in them to keep the frame in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md).
EXO 26 25 yr6d figs-explicit 0 and so on This means that what was said about the first two frames should be done for the rest of the frames. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:21](../26/21.md). Alternate translation: “and two bases for each of the rest of the frames” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 26 29 nq3m 0 crossbars These are horizontal support beams that give stability to the structure. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:26](../26/26.md).
EXO 26 30 csf9 figs-activepassive 0 you were shown on the mountain This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have shown you here on this mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 26 31 uc7w figs-you 0 You must make Yahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word “you” is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. “Tell a craftsman to make.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 26 33 d3gm figs-explicit 0 you must bring in the ark of the testimony The ark of the testimony is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “you must bring in the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 26 33 jc47 figs-activepassive 0 The curtain is to separate the holy place This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The curtain will separate the holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 26 34 v7t1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
EXO 26 34 mli8 0 atonement lid This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
EXO 26 34 b9m2 0 on the ark of the testimony “on the chest that contains the commandments”
EXO 26 35 lv9e figs-explicit 0 The table must be on the north side This is the table that holds the bread that represents the presence of God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Place the table for the bread of God’s presence on the north side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 26 36 rr16 0 blue, purple, and scarlet material Possible meanings are (1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md).
EXO 26 36 f6td 0 fine twined linen “finely twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread.
EXO 26 36 r2fy 0 an embroiderer “a person who sews designs into cloth” or “a person who embroiders”
EXO 27 intro x4f7 0 # Exodus 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tent of meeting<br>This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
EXO 27 1 qj4j translate-bdistance 0 five cubits long and five cubits wide “2.2 meters long on each side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EXO 27 1 hbg9 translate-bdistance 0 The altar must be square and three cubits high “The altar must be square and 1.3 meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EXO 27 2 lr23 0 You must make extensions of its four corners shaped like ox horns “You must make projections that look like ox horns on its four corners”
EXO 27 2 lek3 figs-activepassive 0 The horns will be made This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must make the horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 27 2 y4r2 0 must cover them “must cover the altar and horns”
EXO 27 5 c5em figs-explicit 0 You must put the grate under the ledge of the altar The grate was placed inside the altar. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “You must put the grate under the rim of the altar, on the inside of the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 27 6 wki4 figs-explicit 0 You must make poles for the altar These poles were used for carrying the altar. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “You must make poles for carrying the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 27 7 b3yx figs-activepassive 0 The poles must be put into the rings, and the poles must be on the two sides of the altar, to carry it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must put the poles into the rings and place them on each side of the altar to carry it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 27 8 t5ey figs-activepassive 0 you were shown on the mountain This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have shown to you here on this mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 27 9 y45x figs-activepassive 0 There must be hangings…courtyard This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must place hangings…courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 27 9 id4k 0 hangings of fine twined linen A “hanging” was a large curtain made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md)
EXO 27 9 v748 0 fine twined linen “finely twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread
EXO 27 9 ce9a translate-bdistance 0 one hundred cubits A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “44 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EXO 27 10 sfg8 figs-activepassive 0 There must also be hooks…posts This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must also attach hooks…posts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 27 11 nr77 0 with twenty posts, twenty bronze bases, hooks attached to the posts, and silver rods See how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 27:10](./10.md).
EXO 27 12 p4u4 0 there must be a curtain This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “you must make a curtain”
EXO 27 12 elw4 0 There must be ten posts This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “You must make ten posts”
EXO 27 13 w2sg 0 The courtyard must also be fifty cubits long This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “Make the courtyard fifty cubits long”
EXO 27 14 mzn5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
EXO 27 14 vy7r 0 The hangings These were large curtains made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md).
EXO 27 14 z8n2 0 posts These were strong pieces of wood set upright and used as supports. See how you translated these in [Exodus 27:10](../27/10.md).
EXO 27 14 gz7s 0 bases These were metal blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md).
EXO 27 16 wv46 0 The courtyard gate must be a curtain twenty cubits long This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “You must make a curtain twenty cubits long to be the courtyard gate”
EXO 27 16 h4tw figs-activepassive 0 The curtain must be made…fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They must make the curtain…fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer” or “Embroiderers must make the curtain…fine twined linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 27 16 kn9u 0 blue, purple, and scarlet material and fine twined linen Possible meanings are (1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen.
EXO 27 18 wt7n translate-bdistance 0 one hundred cubits “100 cubits.” A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 27 18 j1zp 0 fine twined linen hangings “finely twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md).
EXO 27 19 w5n8 figs-activepassive 0 all the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard must be made of bronze This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “make all the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard out of bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 28 intro r3yx 0 # Exodus 28 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Holy garments<br>Because Yahweh is holy, only the priests could approach him, and when they did they must be wearing specially made clothing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
EXO 28 1 e1xb figs-you 0 Call to yourself Here “yourself” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 28 2 tv9h figs-you 0 You must make Here “you” refers to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 28 2 t5gy figs-activepassive 0 garments that are set apart to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “garments that you will set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 28 6 u3rx 0 fine-twined linen “finely-twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md).
EXO 28 8 w523 figs-activepassive 0 it must be made of one piece This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they must make it in one piece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 28 9 c4ia translate-unknown 0 onyx stones These are valuable stones that have layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 28 16 cny4 translate-bdistance 0 span A span is 22 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EXO 28 17 spd4 0 General Information: Twelve kinds of stone are listed here. Scholars are not sure which kinds of stones the Hebrew words refer to. Some translations list different stones.
EXO 28 17 qp4t translate-unknown 0 precious stones “valuable gems” or “treasured gems.” See how you translated these in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 28 20 rgf6 translate-unknown 0 onyx This is a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated these in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 28 20 pw5h figs-activepassive 0 They must be mounted in gold settings This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must mount them in gold settings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 28 21 x4qn figs-activepassive 0 The stones must be arranged This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must arrange the stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 28 21 z8mw 0 signet ring A signet is an engraved stone used to stamp a design into a wax seal. Here the stone is mounted on a ring. See how you translated “signet” in [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md).
EXO 28 22 m7yl 0 chains like cords, braided work of pure gold “chains that are made of pure gold and are braided like cords.” See how you translated similar phrases in [Exodus 28:14](../28/14.md).
EXO 28 25 d8y3 0 braided chains “chains braided like cords.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:14](../28/14.md).
EXO 28 25 a4lc figs-explicit 0 to the two settings These are two settings that enclose the stones. This can be clearly stated in the translation. Alternate translation: “to the two settings that enclose the stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 28 27 e385 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
EXO 28 27 vw1w 0 finely-woven waistband This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md).
EXO 28 28 se56 figs-activepassive 0 so that it might be attached This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that they may attach it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 28 28 wf9v figs-doublenegatives 0 the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephod This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “the breastpiece would stay attached to the ephod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EXO 28 29 k21k 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
EXO 28 29 z1mz 0 he must carry the names of the people of Israel over his heart in the breastpiece This refers to the names of the tribes engraved on the twelve stones the breastplate as described in [Exodus 28:17-21](./17.md).
EXO 28 30 f537 0 the Urim and the Thummim…the means for making decisions The second phrase appears to refer to the Urim and Thummim and explain their purpose.
EXO 28 30 dgn9 translate-unknown 0 the Urim and the Thummim It not clear what these are. They were objects, possibly stones, that the priest used to determine somehow the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 28 31 jl1d 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
EXO 28 33 v7gy 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people do.
EXO 28 33 t9re translate-unknown 0 pomegranates A pomegranate is a round fruit with a red outer skin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 28 34 kl55 0 a golden bell and a pomegranate This phrase is repeated to show the pattern of the design on the robe.
EXO 28 35 de4m figs-activepassive 0 The robe is to be on Aaron when he serves This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Aaron must wear the robe when he serves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 28 35 pf61 figs-activepassive 0 so that its sound can be heard This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the bells make a sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 28 35 qtf9 figs-explicit 0 This is so that he does not die It is implied that he would die because he did not obey Yahweh. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “As a result, he will not die because of disobeying my instructions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 28 36 nd2q 0 engrave on it, like the engraving on a signet “write on it in the same way a person engraves on a seal.” See how you translated similar words in [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md)
EXO 28 37 qka6 0 turban This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
EXO 28 38 ee65 figs-activepassive 0 It must be on Aaron’s forehead This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Aaron must wear it on his forehead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 28 38 u19w figs-activepassive 0 The turban must be always on his forehead This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Aaron must always wear the turban on his forehead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 28 39 cp68 0 General Information: God continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
EXO 28 39 t5vj 0 turban This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
EXO 28 39 yi1l 0 sash A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that a person wears around his waist or across his chest. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
EXO 28 39 i62z 0 the work of an embroiderer An embroiderer is a person who sews designs into cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md).
EXO 28 40 sc7t 0 General Information: God continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
EXO 28 40 pfs2 0 sashes A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that a person wears around his waist or across his chest. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
EXO 28 40 v2tj 0 headbands A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes.
EXO 28 41 xa75 figs-explicit 0 You must clothe Aaron your brother Aaron was the older brother of Moses. You can state this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “Put these clothes on your older brother Aaron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 29 intro xmd9 0 # Exodus 29 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Consecrating priests<br>This chapter records the process of consecrating priests. The priests were to be set apart from the rest of Israel because Yahweh is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “I will live among the Israelites”<br>As God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. This phrase indicates that he permanently remains within Israel in a special way while they have the ark.
EXO 29 2 ptm7 figs-activepassive 0 Also take wafers without yeast rubbed with oil This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Also take wafers without yeast and rub them with oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 29 3 gm58 0 You must put them “You must put the bread, cake, and wafer”
EXO 29 3 cd6m figs-explicit 0 present them with the bull and the two rams Here “present” means to offer as a sacrifice. The full meaning of this can be translated clearly. Alternate translation: “offer them to me when you sacrifice the bull and the two rams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 29 4 a6rz 0 tent of meeting This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md).
EXO 29 5 va8b 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
EXO 29 5 f7u7 0 coat This was a coat with a design woven into it. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
EXO 29 5 pr4i 0 finely-woven waistband This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md).
EXO 29 6 ap2x 0 turban This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
EXO 29 6 y59s 0 holy crown This crown is described in [Exodus 29:6](../29/06.md) as being engraved with the words “dedicated to Yahweh” and made of pure gold.
EXO 29 8 jtc7 0 coats These were coats with a design woven into them. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
EXO 29 9 j3a8 0 sashes A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that people wear around their waist or across their chest. See how you translated this word in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
EXO 29 9 bh2d 0 headbands A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:40](../28/40.md).
EXO 29 9 r1x4 0 The work of the priesthood “the duty of being priests”
EXO 29 9 ze9l figs-explicit 0 will belong to them The duty of being priests will also belong to the descendants of Aaron’s sons. You can state this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “will belong to them and their descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 29 9 p7m9 0 permanent law “a law the will not end.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:43](../28/43.md).
EXO 29 11 y6kp figs-explicit 0 kill the bull Since the following verses will tell what to do with the blood from the bull, use a term for “kill” that will imply a method similar to “slitting its throat and catch the blood in a bowl.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 29 12 uxh3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
EXO 29 12 c2ud 0 the horns These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md).
EXO 29 16 hd8i 0 You must kill the ram For these consecration sacrifices for the priests, it was Moses, not Aaron or his sons, who had to kill the animals.
EXO 29 20 j6b1 figs-explicit 0 Then you must kill the ram The ram was killed by cutting its throat. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “Then kill the ram by slitting its throat” or “Then kill the ram by cutting its throat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 29 21 w1aa figs-activepassive 0 Aaron will then be set apart for me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “By doing this, you will dedicate Aaron to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 29 24 b9bj 0 You must put these Here “these” refers to the parts of the sacrifice mentioned in the previous verses.
EXO 29 25 wz3a figs-activepassive 0 it will be an offering made to me by fire This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “burn it as an offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 29 29 qru8 figs-activepassive 0 The holy garments of Aaron must also be reserved for his sons after him These garments belong to the priesthood and are not just Aaron’s personal clothing. Alternate translation: “Aaron must reserve the holy garments for his sons after him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 29 29 i5vz figs-activepassive 0 They are to be anointed in them and ordained to me in them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They must wear the holy garments when you anoint his sons and ordain them to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 29 31 l3xk 0 the ram for the installation of the priests “the ram you killed when you installed the priests”
EXO 29 31 u9kl figs-explicit 0 in a holy place This is not the same as the holy place outside of the most holy place. This refers to a place within the courtyard. Alternate translation: “at the entrance to the tent of meeting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 29 33 qk8i figs-activepassive 0 that were given This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you sacrificed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 29 34 rhp7 figs-activepassive 0 It must not be eaten This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one must eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 29 34 lhi8 figs-activepassive 0 because it has been set apart to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because you have set it apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 29 35 g9pm 0 In this way, by following all that I have commanded you to do, you must treat Aaron and his sons “I have commanded you to treat Aaron and his sons this way”
EXO 29 37 pq5d 0 Then the altar will be completely set apart to me “Then the altar will be most holy”
EXO 29 37 qk5h 0 will be set apart to Yahweh “will also be very holy”
EXO 29 41 hgt9 figs-activepassive 0 it will be an offering made to me by fire This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will be a burnt offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 29 42 j8cg 0 throughout your generations “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
EXO 29 43 ic8i figs-activepassive 0 the tent will be set apart for me by my glory This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My awesome presence will dedicate the tent to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 30 intro z3yc 0 # Exodus 30 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Atonement<br>The atonement offered by the priests was very important in the religious life of Israel. In order to offer sacrifices, the priests had to maintain ritual cleanliness by washing themselves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
EXO 30 1 v8vb figs-you 0 You must make Here “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 30 2 w56e figs-activepassive 0 Its horns must be made These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated “horns” in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md). Alternate translation: “You must make its horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 30 3 ddb2 0 the incense altar “an altar to burn incense”
EXO 30 4 qyg4 figs-activepassive 0 to be attached to it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which you will attach to the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 30 6 h33c figs-explicit 0 ark of the testimony The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/33.md). Alternate translation: “the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 30 6 e52i 0 atonement lid This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
EXO 30 8 qm7i 0 throughout your generations “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
EXO 30 9 ckf9 0 But you must offer Though the word “you” is addressed to Moses, the instruction is given specifically to Aaron and his descendants as to when and what they are to offer on the altar of incense.
EXO 30 10 ez2s 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
EXO 30 10 k6xk 0 horns These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md).
EXO 30 10 san2 0 throughout your generations “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
EXO 30 12 s73c figs-you 0 When you take Possible meanings are (1) “you” refers to just Moses or (2) “you” refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in future generations when they take a census. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 30 13 s69s figs-activepassive 0 Everyone who is counted This can be stated in active form. They counted only the men. Alternate translation: “Everyone you count” or “Every man you count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 30 13 i4wk translate-bmoney 0 half a shekel of silver “1/2 a shekel of silver.” Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: “5.5 grams of silver” or “six grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EXO 30 13 nfp6 0 according to the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used.
EXO 30 13 id6d translate-unknown 0 twenty gerahs “20 gerahs.” A gerah is a unit that people used for measuring how much something very small weighed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 30 14 k4h9 figs-metaphor 0 from twenty years old and up Larger numbers are spoken of as being up or above smaller numbers. Alternate translation: “from twenty years old and more” or “who is twenty years old or older” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 30 15 e8xa translate-bmoney 0 the half shekel Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: “the 5.5 grams of silver” or “the 6 grams of silver.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:13](../03/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EXO 30 16 z6tn 0 It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives Possible meanings are (1) “It will remind the Israelites to make atonement for their lives” or (2) “It will remind the Israelites that they have made atonement for their lives.”
EXO 30 21 hp35 0 for Aaron and his descendants throughout their people’s generations “for Aaron and all the generations of his descendants.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
EXO 30 22 p8n6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
EXO 30 23 m9g7 translate-unknown 0 spices dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:6](../25/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 30 23 zq43 translate-numbers 0 five hundred shekels…250 shekels “500 shekels…two hundred and fifty shekels.” A shekel is about 11 grams. Translators may use units that people know and round numbers: “5.7 kilograms…11.4 kilograms” or “six kilograms…three kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EXO 30 23 xga2 translate-unknown 0 cinnamon…cane These are sweet spices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 30 24 p9jh translate-unknown 0 cassia This is a sweet spice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 30 24 n38f translate-bweight 0 the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:13](../30/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EXO 30 24 dv89 translate-bvolume 0 one hin Translators may use units that people know and round numbers: “3.7 liters” or “four liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EXO 30 25 juf3 0 with these ingredients “with these items”
EXO 30 25 k3s5 0 the work of a perfumer Possible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it.
EXO 30 26 u241 figs-you 0 You must anoint Here “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 30 26 d4id figs-explicit 0 ark of the testimony The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/33.md). Alternate translation: “the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 30 28 v5mk 0 the altar for burnt offerings “the altar on which offering were burnt”
EXO 30 31 k4s7 0 throughout your people’s generations “all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
EXO 30 32 rlk4 figs-activepassive 0 It must not be applied to people’s skin This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not put the anointing oil that is dedicated to Yahweh on a person’s skin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 30 32 v3br 0 with the same formula “with the same ingredients” or “with the same items”
EXO 30 33 pa53 figs-metaphor 0 that person must be cut off from his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” (2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 30 34 r3j2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what to do. Yahweh gives the commands only to Moses: all instances of “you” are singular. However, the words “blended by a perfumer” might mean that Moses could have the perfumer take the spices, blend them, grind them, and give them to Moses so Moses could put part of the mixture in front of the ark, as in UST.
EXO 30 35 as9y figs-activepassive 0 Make it into the form of incense, blended by a perfumer The phrase with “blended” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make it into the form of incense that a perfumer has blended” or “A perfumer must blend it into a kind of incense” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 30 35 y8yj 0 blended by a perfumer Possible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. See how you translated these words in [Exodus 30:25](../30/25.md).
EXO 30 37 dq6c 0 you must not make any The word “you” here refers to the people of Israel.
EXO 30 37 yv1y 0 with the same formula “with the same ingredients” or “with the same items.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:32](../30/32.md).
EXO 30 37 wh25 0 It must be most holy to you “You must consider it to be most holy”
EXO 30 38 sa1m figs-metaphor 0 must be cut off from his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” (2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:33](../30/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 31 intro wfk7 0 # Exodus 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is the end of Exodus’ recording of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sabbath<br>As described in this chapter, the Sabbath is more than just a day of worship or celebration. Its significance extends beyond a way to help people rest. It is a major part of the identity of the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])
EXO 31 2 m8ju figs-metonymy 0 I have called by name God speaks of choosing specific people as calling them by name. Alternate translation: “I have chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 31 3 f7sk figs-metaphor 0 I have filled Bezalel with my Spirit Yahweh speaks of giving Bezalel his Spirit as if Bezalel were a container and God’s Spirit were a liquid. Alternate translation: “I have given my Spirit to Bezalel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 31 3 r6i5 figs-abstractnouns 0 for all kinds of craftsmanship The abstract noun “craftsmanship” can be translated as “making crafts” or “making things.” Alternate translation: “for making all kinds of crafts” or “so that he can make all kinds of things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EXO 31 6 wcq7 0 I have put skill into the hearts of all who are wise God speaks of making people able to make things as if he were putting the ability into their hearts. Alternate translation: “I have given skill to all who are wise” or “I have made all who are wise able to make things well”
EXO 31 7 m58b figs-explicit 0 ark of the testimony The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/33.md). Alternate translation: “the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 31 7 z5s4 0 atonement lid This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
EXO 31 11 z1u2 0 These craftsmen “These people who are skilled in making beautiful things”
EXO 31 13 i1lw figs-metaphor 0 You must certainly keep Yahweh’s Sabbath days God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “You must certainly obey Yahweh’s instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 31 13 gw13 0 throughout your people’s generations “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
EXO 31 13 h75a figs-metaphor 0 who sets you apart for himself God speaks of choosing people to be his as setting them apart for himself. Alternate translation: “who has chosen you to be his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 31 14 g83p figs-activepassive 0 for it must be treated by you as holy This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for you must treat it as holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 31 14 mv4l figs-metaphor 0 Everyone who defiles it God speaks of treating the Sabbath with disrespect as defiling it. Alternate translation: “Everyone who treats the Sabbath with disrespect” or “Everyone who does not obey the laws about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 31 14 plq5 figs-activepassive 0 must surely be put to death “must surely be killed.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill” or “you must surely execute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 31 14 fz1g figs-metaphor 0 must surely be cut off from his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “Yahweh will no longer consider him to be one of his people” (2) “you must surely send him away” or (3) “you must surely kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 31 16 t9hw figs-metaphor 0 must keep the Sabbath God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “must obey Yahweh’s instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 31 16 n7q2 0 They must observe it throughout their people’s generations “They and all the generations of their descendants must observe it.” See how you translated “throughout their people’s generations” in [Exodus 12:42](../12/42.md).
EXO 31 16 yef8 0 lasting covenant “a covenant that will always exist.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:43](../28/43.md).
EXO 31 18 xc6h figs-activepassive 0 written on by his own hand This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “which Yahweh wrote on with his own hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 32 intro vv2w 0 # Exodus 32 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The events of this chapter occur while Moses spoke with God and therefore happen at the same time as the events in chapters 20-31.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 32:18.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Idolatry<br>The making of the golden calf was considered a form of idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 32 1 cfk8 figs-metaphor 0 the people saw Here understanding something is spoken of as if it were being seen. Alternate translation: “the people realized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 32 1 k2i1 0 Come, make us an idol The word “come” strengthens the force of the command following it. The people were demanding that Aaron make an idol for them.
EXO 32 1 mrb5 0 go before us “lead us” or “be our leader”
EXO 32 2 p86s 0 bring them to me The word “them” refers to the golden rings.
EXO 32 3 ckg2 0 All the people This refers to all the people who rejected Moses as their leader and Moses’ God as their God.
EXO 32 4 uf9e 0 fashioned it with an engraving tool and he made a cast idol in the shape of a calf Aaron melted the gold and poured it into a mold that had the shape of a calf. When the gold became hard, he removed the mold, and the hardened gold had the shape of a calf.
EXO 32 5 ztx4 figs-explicit 0 When Aaron saw this You may need to make explicit what he saw. “When Aaron saw what the people did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 32 6 as6u 0 to carouse in wild celebration “to have a wild party.” The people likely behaved in sexually immoral ways at the party.
EXO 32 8 eua5 figs-metaphor 0 left the way that I commanded them Here God speaks of the people disobeying what he commanded them as if he had told them to walk on a certain road and they left that road. Alternate translation: “stopped doing what I commanded them to do” or “have stopped obeying what I commanded them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 32 9 bh7c figs-metaphor 0 I have seen this people Here Yahweh compares knowing the people to seeing them. Alternate translation: “I know this people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 32 9 ffe2 figs-metaphor 0 a stiff-necked people Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had stiff necks. Alternate translation: “a stubborn people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 32 10 fmk3 0 Now then The word “now” is used here to mark a break in what Yahweh was telling Moses. Here Yahweh tells what he will do to the people.
EXO 32 10 sd9w figs-metaphor 0 My anger will burn hot against them Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could burn hot. Alternate translation: “My anger towards them will be terrible” or “I am extremely angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 32 10 vc2u figs-you 0 from you The word “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 32 11 h62e figs-metaphor 0 why does your anger burn against your people…a mighty hand? Moses used this question to try to persuade Yahweh not to be so angry with his people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not let your anger burn against your people…a mighty hand.” or “Do not be so angry with your people…a mighty hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 32 11 t2cv figs-doublet 0 great power…mighty hand These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EXO 32 11 ph43 figs-metonymy 0 a mighty hand Here the word “hand” refers to the things Yahweh did. Alternate translation: “and the powerful things you did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 32 12 r8ij figs-rquestion 0 Why should the Egyptians say, ‘He led them out…to destroy them from the face of the earth?’ Moses used this question to try to persuade God not to destroy his people. This rhetorical question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: If you destroy your people, the Egyptians might say, ‘He led them out…to destroy them from the face of the earth.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 32 12 kzh7 0 face of the earth “from the surface of the earth” or “from the earth”
EXO 32 12 fns1 0 Turn from your burning anger “Stop your burning anger” or “Stop being so angry”
EXO 32 12 p1df figs-metaphor 0 your burning anger Moses speaks of God’s anger as if it were a fire that was burning. Alternate translation: “your terrible anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 32 13 t9sa 0 Call to mind Abraham “Remember Abraham” or “Think about Abraham”
EXO 32 13 p8jq 0 you swore “you made an oath” or “you solemnly promised”
EXO 32 13 q1g1 figs-metaphor 0 They will inherit it forever God speaks about them possessing the land as if they would inherit it. Alternate translation: “They will possess it forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 32 16 w3ua figs-parallelism 0 The tablets were God’s own work, and the writing was God’s own writing These two phrases share similar meanings. The second explains how the tablets were “God’s own work.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EXO 32 17 cua3 figs-explicit 0 he said to Moses It is assumed that Joshua met Moses while Moses was going back to the camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 32 21 du5l figs-quotations 0 Then Moses said to Aaron, “What did this people…a great sin on them?” This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Then Moses asked Aaron what the people do to him, that he have brought such a great sin on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 32 21 np73 figs-metaphor 0 you have brought such a great sin on them Moses spoke of causing people to sin as if sin were an object and Aaron put it on them. Alternate translation: “you have caused them to sin so terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 32 22 z2ch figs-metaphor 0 Do not let your anger burn hot Aaron spoke of Moses’ anger as if it were a fire that could burn. “Do not be so angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 32 22 vdy2 figs-metaphor 0 they are set on doing evil Being determined to do evil is spoken of as being set on evil. Alternate translation: “they are determined to do what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 32 23 zn68 0 this Moses People showed disrespect by putting the word “this” before his name, as if Moses were someone they did not know and could not trust.
EXO 32 24 yq7s figs-quotations 0 So I said to them, ‘Whoever has any gold, let him take it off.’ This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “So I told them that whoever had any gold should take it off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 32 24 b3l5 0 I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf Instead of taking ownership for making the calf, Aaron claims the calf came out of the fire supernaturally.
EXO 32 26 jis7 figs-quotations 0 Then Moses stood at the entrance…“Whoever is on Yahweh’s side, come to me.” This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Then Moses stood at the entrance to the camp and said that whoever was on Yahweh’s side should come to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 32 26 ryb5 figs-metaphor 0 Whoever is on Yahweh’s side Moses speaks of being loyal to Yahweh as being on Yahweh’s side. Alternate translation: “Whoever is loyal to Yahweh” or “Whoever serves Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 32 27 xsl3 0 go back and forth from entrance to entrance “go from side of the camp to the other, starting at one entrance to the camp and going to the entrance on the other side of the camp”
EXO 32 28 at4i translate-numbers 0 three thousand of the people “3000 of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 32 29 jzp1 0 You have been placed into Yahweh’s service This probably means “You have been chosen to serve Yahweh” or “You have become Yahweh’s servants.”
EXO 32 29 c6fg figs-explicit 0 for each of you has taken action against his son and his brother The fact that they did this in obedience to God can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “for you have obeyed Yahweh and killed your sons and your brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 32 30 yi3e figs-metaphor 0 Perhaps I can make atonement for your sin Moses spoke of persuading God to forgive the people as if he could make atonement for their sin. Alternate translation: “Perhaps I can persuade Yahweh to forgive you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 32 32 c72y figs-metonymy 0 blot me out of the book The word “me” here refers to the name of Moses. Alternate translation: “erase my name from the book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 32 32 ahb3 figs-explicit 0 the book that you have written What God had written in the book can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the book in which you have written the names of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 32 33 igb4 figs-metonymy 0 that person I will blot out of my book The phrase “that person” represents “that person’s name.” Alternate translation: “I will erase that person’s name from my book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 32 33 qwk9 0 my book This refers to the book of Yahweh that Moses spoke of in [Exodus 32:32](../32/32.md).
EXO 32 34 xn8p 0 But on the day that I punish them, I will punish them On the day that God decides to punish them, it will be clear that it is God who is judging them.
EXO 32 35 ddg6 0 Yahweh sent a plague on the people This plague may have been a serious illness. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made the people very sick”
EXO 32 35 wv1v 0 they had made the calf, the one that Aaron made Even though Aaron made the calf, the people were also guilty because they told Aaron to do it. Alternate translation: “they told Aaron to make the calf”
EXO 33 intro g5k3 0 # Exodus 33 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant<br>While the covenants Yahweh made may not be conditioned upon the obedience of Israel, it is clear that their conquering of the Promised Land was conditioned on their obedience to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
EXO 33 3 yyt4 figs-metonymy 0 that land, which is flowing with milk and honey The land was good for raising livestock and growing crops. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](../03/08.md). Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 33 3 y347 0 flowing with “full of” or “with an abundance of”
EXO 33 3 ck4m figs-metonymy 0 milk Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 33 3 a4ct figs-metonymy 0 honey Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 33 3 ah5t 0 a stubborn people “people who refuse to change”
EXO 33 5 rzr5 0 a stubborn people “people who refuse to change.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:3](../33/03.md).
EXO 33 9 yt4f figs-metaphor 0 the pillar of cloud The cloud had the shape of a pillar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:22](../13/22.md). Alternate translation: “the cloud shaped like a pillar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 33 9 vam7 figs-explicit 0 would come down Where it came down from can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “would come down from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 33 11 zrb8 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh would speak to Moses face to face Speaking directly rather than through dreams and visions, is spoken of as if Moses and God saw each other’s faces while they spoke. Alternate translation: “Yahweh would speak directly to Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 33 12 unz8 0 See “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
EXO 33 12 w7fs figs-idiom 0 I know you by name To know someone by name is to know them well. Alternate translation: “I know you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 33 12 a7jr figs-idiom 0 you have also found favor in my eyes Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing God’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “I have evaluated you and approve” or “I am pleased with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 33 13 e6vv figs-idiom 0 Now if I have found favor in your eyes Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing God’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “Now If you are pleased with me” or “Now if you approve of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 33 13 zi7j 0 show me your ways Possible meanings: (1) “show me what you are going to do in the future” or (2) “show me how people can do what pleases you.”
EXO 33 14 gh8q figs-metonymy 0 My own presence will go God’s presence represents himself. Alternate translation: “I will go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 33 14 hc5n 0 I will give you rest “I will let you rest”
EXO 33 16 d36k 0 For otherwise “For if your presence does not go with us”
EXO 33 16 tu8e figs-activepassive 0 how will it be known This can be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: how will people know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 33 16 cgl8 figs-rquestion 0 how will it be known…people? Moses used this question in order to emphasize that if God does not go with them, no one will know that Moses had found favor in God’s sight. Alternate translation: “no one will know…people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 33 16 u82a 0 Will it not only be if “Will it not only be known if”
EXO 33 17 aln2 figs-you 0 General Information: When Yahweh uses the word “you” in this verse, it is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 33 17 ln7y figs-idiom 0 you have found favor in my eyes Here “found favor” is an idiom that means that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). Alternate translation: “I am pleased with you” or “I approve of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 33 17 u2nv figs-idiom 0 I know you by name To know someone by name is to know them well. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). Alternate translation: “I know you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 33 19 sx1a figs-metonymy 0 I will make all my goodness pass before you God speaks of walking past Moses so that Moses can see his goodness as if only his goodness would go past Moses. Alternate translation: “I will move past you so that you may see my goodness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 33 21 s4iy 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
EXO 33 23 gw1n figs-activepassive 0 but my face will not be seen This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “but you will not see my face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 34 intro smp6 0 # Exodus 34 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “He will bring the punishment for the fathers’ sin on their children”<br>This phrase does not mean that a child is necessarily punished for the sins of their parents. Many scholars believe that this passage indicates that a parent’s sins will have consequences that will affect their children and grandchildren. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
EXO 34 3 ck6d figs-metonymy 0 Do not let anyone else be seen anywhere on the mountain Being seen doing something represents doing that. Alternate translation: “Do not let anyone else be anywhere on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 34 3 x3rx 0 No flocks or herds are even to graze in front of the mountain “Even flocks or herds are not allowed to come near the mountain to eat.”
EXO 34 5 sp7f 0 stood with Moses there “stood with Moses on the mountain”
EXO 34 5 r9ey figs-metonymy 0 he pronounced the name “Yahweh.” Possible meanings are (1) “he spoke the name ‘Yahweh.’” or (2) “he proclaimed who Yahweh is.” For the second meaning, “name” would represent who God is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 34 6 fz1q figs-123person 0 Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and gracious God is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am God, and I am merciful and gracious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EXO 34 6 e1k3 0 abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness “always showing covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness”
EXO 34 6 j7we figs-abstractnouns 0 abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “always being faithful to my covenant and always being trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EXO 34 7 lt2j figs-abstractnouns 0 keeping covenant faithfulness for thousands of generations The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithfully” or “faithful.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “faithfully loving thousands of generations” or “faithful to his covenant with thousands of generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EXO 34 7 q7z8 figs-123person 0 But he will Yahweh is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “But I will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EXO 34 7 x397 figs-123person 0 he will by no means clear the guilty Yahweh is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I will by no means clear the guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EXO 34 7 ts1b 0 will by no means clear the guilty “will certainly not clear the guilty” or “will certainly not say that the guilty are innocent” or “will certainly not free guilty people”
EXO 34 7 px85 figs-metaphor 0 He will bring the punishment for the fathers’ sin on their children Punishing people is spoken of as if punishment were an object that someone could bring on people. Alternate translation: “He will punish the children for their fathers’ sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 34 7 c3tb figs-metonymy 0 their children The word “children” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “their descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 34 9 mh3a figs-idiom 0 If now I have found favor in your eyes Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). Alternate translation: “Now If you are pleased with me” or “Now if you approve of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 34 9 hw66 figs-doublet 0 our iniquity and our sin The words “iniquity” and “sin” mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “all our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EXO 34 9 n6e5 figs-metaphor 0 take us as your inheritance Something that someone possesses forever is spoken of as if it were something that they had inherited. Alternate translation: “take us as the people that you possess forever” or “accept us as the people who belong to you forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 34 10 zdq6 figs-you 0 your people Here “your” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 34 10 bj1a figs-idiom 0 it is a fearful thing that I am doing with you A fearful thing is a thing that causes people to be afraid. In this case, people will fear God when they see what he does. Alternate translation: “what I do for you will cause people to fear me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 34 10 s7uz figs-you 0 I am doing with you Here “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 34 12 lxz8 figs-metaphor 0 they will become a trap among you People who tempt others to sin are spoken of as if they were a trap. Alternate translation: “they will tempt you to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 34 14 vmx2 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh, whose name is Jealous The word “Jealous” here means that God is concerned to keep his honor. If his people worship other gods, he loses honor, because when his people do not honor him, other people also will not honor him. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, always guard my honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 34 14 s5sd figs-metonymy 0 whose name is Jealous, The word “name” here represents God’s character. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, who am always jealous” or “I, Yahweh, am always jealous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 34 15 gtd8 figs-metaphor 0 for they prostitute themselves to their gods God speaks of people worshiping other gods as if they were prostitutes going to other men. Alternate translation: “for they worship other gods” or “because they worship other gods like prostitutes who go to other men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 34 15 bj2i figs-explicit 0 you will eat some of his sacrifice The consequence of eating food that is sacrificed to another god can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “you will eat some of his sacrifice and become guilty of worshiping his gods” or “and you will prostitute yourself to his god by eating some of his sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 34 18 i5ck translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the month of Aviv This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated “Aviv” in [Exodus 13:4](../13/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 34 19 ly7d 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
EXO 34 20 yz8x 0 buy back Firstborn sons and firstborn donkeys belonged to Yahweh, but Yahweh did not want them sacrificed to Him. Instead, the Israelites were to sacrifice a lamb in their place. This allowed the Israelites to buy the donkeys and sons back from Yahweh.
EXO 34 20 u2p5 figs-metonymy 0 No one may appear before me empty-handed God speaks of the offering as if the person was to carry it in his hands. Alternate translation: “No one may come to me without an offering” or “Everyone who comes to me must bring me an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 34 21 swm8 0 Even at plowing time and in harvest “Even when you are preparing the soil or gathering the crops”
EXO 34 22 d13l 0 Festival of Ingathering This festival was also known as the Festival of Shelters or the Festival of Booths. The idea came from the practice of the farmers living in temporary booths, or huts, out in the fields to guard the crop as it ripened. The word “Ingathering” means when they harvest their crop.
EXO 34 25 e8v2 figs-explicit 0 the blood of my sacrifice The fact that the blood is from an animal can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the blood of an animal that you sacrifice to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 34 25 k2f7 figs-explicit 0 with any yeast The fact that any yeast would be in bread can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “with bread that has yeast in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 34 28 mm6l 0 Moses was there “Moses was on the mountain”
EXO 34 28 wt1c 0 for forty days and nights “for forty days, both day and night”
EXO 34 28 yun2 0 He wrote “Moses wrote”
EXO 34 29 d9zk 0 had become radiant “had started to shine”
EXO 34 31 jfb4 0 came up to him “approached him” or “went to him.” They did not go up the mountain.
EXO 34 32 kt23 figs-metaphor 0 all the commands that Yahweh had given him Telling commands is spoken of as if the commands were objects that could be given. Alternate translation: “all the commands that Yahweh had told him” or “everything that Yahweh had commanded them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 34 34 fzm1 0 he would remove “Moses would remove”
EXO 34 34 m1sv figs-activepassive 0 what he was commanded This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh had commanded him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 35 intro lew9 0 # Exodus 35 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sacrifice<br>All of the people offered sacrifices to Yahweh. This was a form of worship and a sign of repentance from making the golden calf idol. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
EXO 35 2 c559 translate-ordinal 0 the seventh day “day number seven” or “Saturday” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EXO 35 2 zij9 figs-activepassive 0 Whoever does any work on that day must be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must kill anyone who does work on that day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 35 4 jdb8 0 General Information: In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).
EXO 35 5 h5c8 0 General Information: In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).
EXO 35 5 n2c8 0 Take an offering for Yahweh “Take up a collection for Yahweh”
EXO 35 5 y2x6 figs-synecdoche 0 all of you who have a willing heart Here “heart” refers to the person bringing the offering. Alternate translation: “everyone who is willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EXO 35 6 r12v 0 General Information: In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).
EXO 35 7 nmv4 0 General Information: In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).
EXO 35 7 l5bq 0 ram skins dyed red and fine leather hides See how you translated similar phrases in [Exodus 25:5](../25/05.md).
EXO 35 8 ikm4 0 General Information: In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).
EXO 35 9 f1dd 0 General Information: In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).
EXO 35 11 j5t7 0 clasps The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:6](../26/06.md).
EXO 35 11 syn4 0 bases These are heavy objects that rest on the ground and keep the object attached to them from moving. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md).
EXO 35 12 rj7s 0 atonement lid This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
EXO 35 16 h116 0 bronze grate This is a frame of crossed bronze bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated “grate” in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md).
EXO 35 17 h8zl 0 hangings These were large curtains made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md).
EXO 35 17 x54f 0 posts These were strong pieces of wood set upright and used as supports. See how you translated these in [Exodus 27:10](../27/10.md).
EXO 35 17 xtm8 0 bases These were blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md).
EXO 35 18 n44r 0 tent pegs sharp pieces of wood or metal used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:19](../27/19.md).
EXO 35 19 x1pc 0 finely-woven garments This was clothing made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md).
EXO 35 20 w6rg figs-metonymy 0 all the tribes of Israel This refers to the people in the tribes. Alternate translation: “the people from all the tribes of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 35 21 b9wk figs-synecdoche 0 whose heart stirred him up Here “heart” refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 35 21 be9z figs-synecdoche 0 whom his spirit made willing Here “spirit” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “who was willing” or “who wanted to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EXO 35 22 mwx8 figs-synecdoche 0 all who had a willing heart Here “heart” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who was willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EXO 35 25 ebm5 0 blue, purple, or scarlet wool Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md).
EXO 35 26 k1gy figs-synecdoche 0 whose hearts stirred them up Here “hearts” refers to the women. The hearts of the women who responded to God are spoken of as if they were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 35 29 li5z figs-synecdoche 0 whose heart was willing Here “heart” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “who was willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EXO 35 31 gse9 figs-metaphor 0 He has filled Bezalel with his Spirit God’s Spirit who gave Bezalel the ability to work is spoken of here as if he was something that filled up Bezalel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 35 34 xd67 figs-synecdoche 0 He has put it in his heart to teach Here “heart” refers to Bezalel. The ability to teach is spoken of as if it something that could be placed in a heart. Alternate translation: “He gave Bezalel the ability to teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 35 34 ab2z translate-names 0 Oholiab son of Ahisamak, from the tribe of Dan “Oholiab” and “Ahisamak” are names of men. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 35 35 rcv9 figs-metaphor 0 filled them with skill Skill to create beautiful objects is spoken of as if it was something that could fill up a person. Alternate translation: “made them very skillful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 36 intro nz4n 0 # Exodus 36 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Tent of meeting<br>The tent of meeting, or tabernacle, mentioned in previous chapters is constructed in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
EXO 36 1 ubk2 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people.
EXO 36 1 ds99 translate-names 0 Bezalel This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 36 1 tl5b translate-names 0 Oholiab This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 36 1 tr3p figs-metaphor 0 to whom Yahweh has given skill and ability Here skill and ability are spoken of as if they are something that Yahweh can place inside a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 36 2 tgn2 translate-names 0 Bezalel This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 36 2 wq6q translate-names 0 Oholiab This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 36 2 tda7 figs-synecdoche 0 in whose mind Yahweh had given skill Here “mind” refers to the person who was made skillful by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to whom Yahweh had given skill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EXO 36 2 yuq8 figs-synecdoche 0 whose heart stirred within him Here “heart” refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 36 5 tni7 figs-quotations 0 The craftsmen told Moses…commanded us to do.” The can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “The craftsmen told Moses that the people were bringing much more than enough for doing the work that Yahweh has commanded them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 36 8 kw33 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md).
EXO 36 8 l7ub 0 ten curtains made from fine linen These curtains are sheets of cloth woven and sewed together so that they can hang to form a wall or tent.
EXO 36 8 s2hu translate-names 0 Bezalel This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 36 9 p2mr 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:2](../26/02.md).
EXO 36 11 y7vq 0 loops of blue loops of blue cloth
EXO 36 11 i4ba 0 curtain These were large, heavy sections of woven cloth that were used to form the covering and dividing walls of the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md).
EXO 36 12 k1qq 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:5](../26/05.md).
EXO 36 13 z2zi 0 General Information See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:6](../26/06.md).
EXO 36 21 gci3 translate-bdistance 0 ten cubits…one and a half cubits “10 cubits…1.5 cubits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EXO 37 intro mt99 0 # Exodus 37 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The ark of the covenant<br>The ark, mentioned in previous chapters, is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
EXO 37 1 byr3 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:10](../25/10.md).
EXO 37 1 xz1t translate-names 0 Bezalel This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 37 1 ps6e translate-bdistance 0 two and a half cubits…one cubit and a half A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EXO 37 2 kb3s 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:11](../25/11.md).
EXO 37 3 pb6v 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:12](../25/12.md).
EXO 37 3 ut8d figs-metaphor 0 its four feet These four pieces of wood that supported the ark are spoken of as if they were human or animal feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 37 4 nr8y 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:13](../25/13.md).
EXO 37 6 ba8a translate-bdistance 0 two and a half cubits…one and a half cubits A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EXO 37 8 y13s figs-activepassive 0 They were made as one piece This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made them as one piece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 37 9 r7nm figs-personification 0 The cherubim spread out their wings upward and overshadowed Bezalel placed the statues of the cherubim as if they were real cherubim which were spreading their wings and overshadowing the atonement lid. Alternate translation: “They placed the winged creatures so that their wings touched each other and spread out over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EXO 37 9 zsq1 0 The cherubim faced one another and looked toward “The faces of the cherubim were towards each other, and they looked toward”
EXO 37 10 fnt3 translate-bdistance 0 two cubits…one cubit…one and a half cubits A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2 cubits…1 cubit…1.5 cubits” or “92 centimeters…46 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EXO 37 12 j4iq translate-bdistance 0 handbreadth This was the width of a man’s hand with fingers spread out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EXO 37 13 b56c 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:26](../25/26.md).
EXO 37 13 k69z figs-metaphor 0 the four feet These four pieces of wood that supported the ark are spoken of as if they were human or animal feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 37 14 tc3u 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:27](../25/27.md).
EXO 37 14 b3ma figs-activepassive 0 The rings were attached This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bezalel attached the rings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 37 16 ui2r figs-explicit 0 dishes, spoons, the bowls, and pitchers to be used to pour out the offerings It is only the bowls and pitchers that are used to pour out the offerings. Alternate translation: “plates and cups, and also the jars and bowls which the priests will use for pouring out the offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 37 17 wp6l 0 Connecting Statement: Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
EXO 37 17 s977 figs-activepassive 0 Its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers were all made of one piece with it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made the cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers as one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 37 19 j6vz figs-activepassive 0 three cups made like almond blossoms This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he made the 3 cups look like almond blossoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 37 20 bx63 figs-activepassive 0 there were four cups made like almond blossoms This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there were 4 cups which Bezalel made to look like almond blossoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 37 21 v3c2 figs-activepassive 0 made as one piece with it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which he made as one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 37 25 xq8k figs-activepassive 0 Its horns were made as one piece with it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made the horns as one piece with the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 37 27 d2v9 0 Connecting Statement: Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
EXO 37 27 p89d figs-activepassive 0 to be attached to it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which they attached to the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 38 intro hp86 0 # Exodus 38 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The altar<br>The altar is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])<br><br>### Materials<br>The list of materials being used is intended to give the reader an understanding of the scale of the tabernacle. It should fill the reader with awe concerning the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 38 2 se9l figs-activepassive 0 The horns were made of one piece This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made the horns as one piece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 38 4 nb1q 0 Connecting Statement: Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
EXO 38 4 g5rb figs-activepassive 0 to be placed under the ledge This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which they placed under the ledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 38 8 e6gd 0 large bronze basin with a bronze stand The stand supported the bronze basin. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:18](../30/18.md).
EXO 38 8 mdx9 figs-explicit 0 He made the basin out of mirrors The bronze came from the mirrors. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “The bronze for the basin came from the mirrors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 38 16 s5zf figs-activepassive 0 All the hangings around the courtyard were made of fine linen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bezalel and the workers made all the hangings around the courtyard with fine linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 38 17 r7g6 figs-activepassive 0 The bases for the posts were made of bronze This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bezalel and the workers made the bases for the posts out of bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 38 17 va1m figs-activepassive 0 The hooks and rods for the posts were made of silver, and the covering for the tops of the posts was also made of silver This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made the hooks, the rods for the posts, and the covering for the tops of the posts out of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 38 17 i3bf figs-activepassive 0 All the courtyard posts were covered with silver This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They covered the courtyard posts with silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 38 18 trz5 figs-activepassive 0 The curtain was made of This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made the curtain out of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 38 19 kqf3 translate-numbers 0 four “4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 38 19 a2ix figs-activepassive 0 The covering for their tops and its rods were made of silver This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made the covering for the tops of the posts and their rods out of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 38 20 p55d figs-activepassive 0 All the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard were made of bronze This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made all of the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard out of bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 38 21 wqi5 0 Connecting Statement: Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
EXO 38 21 k2ex figs-activepassive 0 as it was taken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Moses instructed the Levites to write down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 38 21 ex1t translate-names 0 Ithamar This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 38 22 d86g translate-names 0 Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur “Bezalel” and “uri” are the name of men. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 38 22 i4ha 0 Yahweh had commanded Moses “everything that Yahweh told Moses to do”
EXO 38 23 f93b translate-names 0 Oholiab son of Ahisamak “Oholiab” and “Ahisamak” are names of men. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 38 23 wvw4 0 an engraver, as a skillful workman, and as an embroiderer “as a skilled engraver and embroiderer”
EXO 38 24 tl4k figs-activepassive 0 All the gold that was used for the project This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “All the gold that the people used for the project” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 38 24 y7hy translate-numbers 0 twenty-nine talents A talent is about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “29 talents” or “about 960 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EXO 38 24 tg3f translate-numbers 0 730 shekels A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “seven hundred and thirty shekels” or “about 8 kilograms.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EXO 38 24 f6sq translate-bweight 0 measured by the standard of the sanctuary shekel There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:13](../30/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EXO 38 25 ni5b translate-numbers 0 one hundred talents A talent is about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “100 talents” or “about 330 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EXO 38 25 gn9f translate-numbers 0 1,775 shekels A shekel is 11 grams. “one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels” or “about 20 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EXO 38 25 egg4 figs-activepassive 0 The silver given by the community This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The silver which the community gave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 38 26 fyy5 translate-bweight 0 half a shekel A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “1/2 a shekel” or “five and a half grams” or “5 1/2 grams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EXO 38 26 ll8b 0 This figure was reached on the basis of every person who was counted in the census Every man who was 20 years old or older was included in the census and was required to give half a shekel.
EXO 38 26 c69c translate-numbers 0 twenty years old “20 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 38 27 p7r5 translate-bweight 0 One hundred talents of silver were cast A talent is about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “The workers cast 100 talents of silver” or “The workers cast 3,300 kilograms of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 38 28 ii3y translate-bmoney 0 shekels A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
EXO 38 28 nxf5 translate-names 0 Bezalel This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 38 29 p3mr translate-numbers 0 seventy talents and 2,400 shekels “70 talents and two thousand four hundred shekels.” This would be about 2,300 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EXO 38 30 zfk8 0 General Information: Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
EXO 38 30 rck7 0 grate This is a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md).
EXO 38 31 bvr9 0 tent pegs These are sharp bronze stakes that were used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:19](../27/19.md).
EXO 39 intro mll6 0 # Exodus 39 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The holy clothing<br>The special, holy clothing mentioned in previous chapters is produced in this chapter to the correct specifications. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
EXO 39 2 p5xy translate-names 0 Bezalel This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 39 4 c7lu 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:7](../28/07.md).
EXO 39 5 wf2i figs-activepassive 0 it was made of one piece with the ephod, made of fine twined linen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they made it as one piece with the ephod with fine twisted linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 39 5 cc56 0 as Yahweh had commanded Moses “just as Yahweh told Moses to do.” See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 39:1](../39/01.md).
EXO 39 6 naa8 0 signet This was an engraved stone that was used to stamp a design in a wax seal. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md).
EXO 39 10 cmv1 translate-unknown 0 ruby, a topaz, and a garnet Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:17](../28/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 39 11 qx96 translate-unknown 0 an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:18](../28/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 39 12 kk8t translate-unknown 0 a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:19](../28/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 39 13 l9wa translate-unknown 0 a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:20](../28/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 39 13 h3bw figs-activepassive 0 The stones were mounted in gold settings This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They mounted the stones in gold settings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 39 14 a9bw 0 Connecting Statement: Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
EXO 39 14 yby8 figs-activepassive 0 The stones were arranged This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The workers arranged the stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 39 17 v4i5 0 Connecting Statement: Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
EXO 39 17 lc2x 0 two braided chains “chains that are made of pure gold and are braided like cords.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:14](../28/14.md).
EXO 39 20 w8wz 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:27](../28/27.md).
EXO 39 20 l1dz 0 finely-woven waistband This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md).
EXO 39 21 zu91 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:28](../28/28.md).
EXO 39 21 uq61 0 Connecting Statement: Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
EXO 39 21 h1yb figs-activepassive 0 so that it might be attached This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so they could attach it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 39 21 scn8 figs-doublenegatives 0 the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephod The double negative can be translated as a positive. Alternate translation: “the breastpiece would stay attached to the ephod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EXO 39 22 p8nv translate-names 0 Bezalel This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 39 23 cyc1 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:32](../28/32.md).
EXO 39 24 eak6 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:33](../28/33.md).
EXO 39 25 sx9b 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:34-35](../28/34.md).
EXO 39 28 um4e 0 turban This is a head covering worn by men made of a long strip of cloth wound around the head. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
EXO 39 28 jex8 0 headbands A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:40](../28/40.md).
EXO 39 28 c4pr figs-explicit 0 undergarments This is clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:42](../28/42.md). Alternate translation: “underwear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 39 29 hn5g 0 sash This is a long piece of cloth worn over the shoulder or around the waist. See how you translated this word in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md)
EXO 39 30 kq33 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:36](../28/36.md).
EXO 39 30 d85k 0 holy crown This was an engraved crown made of pure gold. See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:6](../29/06.md).
EXO 39 31 fml2 0 General Information: See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:37](../28/37.md).
EXO 39 32 jh64 0 General Information: The Israelites finish making the things Yahweh commanded in [Exodus 35:4-9](../35/04.md) and [Exodus 35:10-12](../35/10.md).
EXO 39 32 z1z7 figs-doublet 0 So the work on the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, was finished. The people of Israel did everything The “tabernacle” and “tent of meeting” are the same thing. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the people of Israel finished all of the work on the tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 39 33 y9ym 0 clasps The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:6](../26/06.md).
EXO 39 33 b3q3 0 bases These are heavy objects that rest on the ground and keep the object attached to them from moving. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md).
EXO 39 34 z6r6 0 the covering of ram skins dyed red, the covering of fine leather See how you translated similar phrases in this in [Exodus 25:5](../25/05.md).
EXO 39 35 i7d9 0 atonement lid This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
EXO 40 intro fa6e 0 # Exodus 40 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is repetitive and should read as a series of instructions. It is repeated as well to show that Moses was obedient to every detail of Yahweh’s command.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Yahweh’s glory filled the tabernacle”<br>This phrase indicates that Yahweh began to dwell within the tabernacle, among Israel, in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
EXO 40 2 crr5 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the first day of the first month of the new year The new year marks the time when God rescued his people from Egypt. This happens around the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EXO 40 3 iv52 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
EXO 40 13 bs4j figs-activepassive 0 that are set apart to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you have set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 40 15 js17 0 throughout their people’s generations “through all the generations of their descendants.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
EXO 40 17 r6pc figs-activepassive 0 So the tabernacle was set up This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the people set up the tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 40 17 gzu5 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the first day of the first month This refers to exactly one year after God rescued his people from Egypt. This happens around the middle of March on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Exodus 40:2](../40/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EXO 40 17 wnh8 translate-ordinal 0 in the second year This is the second year after Yahweh brought his people out of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EXO 40 18 kk4n figs-explicit 0 Moses set up Moses was the leader. The people helped him set up the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 40 18 c6rm 0 posts a strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support
EXO 40 21 l31p 0 He brought Moses was the leader. He had workers helping him.
EXO 40 24 sw1w figs-explicit 0 He put the lampstand into the tent of meeting Moses instructed his workers to move the lampstand. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “Moses’ workmen set the lampstand inside the sacred tent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 40 26 i5gg figs-explicit 0 in front of the curtain This curtain separated the holy place from the very holy place. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “in front of the curtain that separated the holy place from the very holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 40 31 bf9c figs-explicit 0 washed their hands and their feet from the basin They washed with water from the basin. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “washed their hands and their feet with water from the basin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 40 36 ak35 figs-activepassive לֵאמֹ֑ר כָּל־הַבֵּ֣ן הַיִּלּ֗וֹד הַיְאֹ֨רָה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ וְכָל־הַבַּ֖ת תְּחַיּֽוּן 0 was taken up from over - **saying, “You shall throw every new-born son into the river, but every daughter you shall let live.”** - A single layer direct quote. While this particular instruction is very easy to rephrase as an indirect quote (in English), the use of **saying** in Hebrew suggests that this should be translated as a direct quotation if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EXO 40 37 s8y2 figs-activepassive תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ תְּחַיּֽוּן 0 that it was lifted up - **you shall** - These are plural referring to all Pharaoh's people.
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