replace ellipse characters (#1913)
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@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
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\v 25 God made the beasts of the earth after their kind, the livestock after their kinds, and everything that creeps upon the ground after its kind. He saw that it was good.
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\s5
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\v 26 God said, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the sky, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.” \f + \ft Some ancient manuscripts have \fqa ... Over the livestock, over all the animals of the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth \fqa* . \f*
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\v 26 God said, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the sky, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.” \f + \ft Some ancient manuscripts have \fqa…Over the livestock, over all the animals of the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth \fqa* . \f*
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\v 27 God created man in his own image. In his own image he created him. Male and female he created them.
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\s5
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@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@
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\p
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\v 6 The person who turns to those who talk with the dead, or to those who talk with spirits so as to prostitute themselves with them, I will set my face against that person; I will cut him off from among his people.
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\v 7 Therefore consecrate yourselves and be holy, because I am Yahweh your God.
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\f + \ft Several modern versions have: \fqa ... because I, Yahweh your God, am holy \fqa* . \f*
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\f + \ft Several modern versions have: \fqa…because I, Yahweh your God, am holy \fqa* . \f*
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\s5
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\p
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@ -1590,7 +1590,7 @@
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\s5
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\v 14 That is why it says in the scroll of the Wars of Yahweh,
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\q “... Waheb in Suphah, and the valleys of the Arnon,
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\q “…Waheb in Suphah, and the valleys of the Arnon,
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\q
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\v 15 the slope of the valleys that lead toward the town of Ar
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\q and lie along the border of Moab.”
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@ -706,8 +706,8 @@
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\s5
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\v 15 Adna was the leader of Harim, Helkai the leader of Meremoth,
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\v 16 Zechariah was the leader of Iddo, Meshullam was the leader of Ginnethon, and
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\v 17 Zichri was the leader of Abijah. ... of Miniamin. Piltai was the leader of Moadiah.
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\f + \ft The expression \fqa ... of Miniamin \fqa* is incomplete, because no leader of that family is named in the Hebrew text. \f*
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\v 17 Zichri was the leader of Abijah.…of Miniamin. Piltai was the leader of Moadiah.
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\f + \ft The expression \fqa…of Miniamin \fqa* is incomplete, because no leader of that family is named in the Hebrew text. \f*
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\v 18 Shammua was the leader of Bilgah, Jehonathan was the leader of Shemaiah,
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\v 19 Mattenai was the leader of Joiarib, Uzzi was the leader of Jedaiah,
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\v 20 Kallai was the leader of Sallu, Eber was the leader of Amok,
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@ -1554,7 +1554,7 @@
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\s5
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\q
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\v 11 My days are past; my plans are shattered,
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\q and so are the desires of my heart. \f + \ft Some modern versions have \fqa My days are past, as are my plans. The wishes of my heart are finished \fqa* or \fqa ... the strings of my heart have been broken \fqa* . Others have \fqa My days are past; my plans are over, as are the wishes of my heart \fqa* \f*
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\q and so are the desires of my heart. \f + \ft Some modern versions have \fqa My days are past, as are my plans. The wishes of my heart are finished \fqa* or \fqa…the strings of my heart have been broken \fqa* . Others have \fqa My days are past; my plans are over, as are the wishes of my heart \fqa* \f*
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\q
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\v 12 These people, these mockers, change the night into day;
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\q light is near to darkness.
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@ -5759,7 +5759,7 @@
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\zaln-s | x-strong="G10930" x-lemma="γῆ" x-morph="Gr,N,,,,,GFS," x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1" x-content="γῆς"\*\w earth|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*\zaln-e\*
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\zaln-s | x-strong="G08630" x-lemma="ἀφίημι" x-morph="Gr,V,NPA,,,,," x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1" x-content="ἀφιέναι"\*\w to|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="3"\w*
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\w forgive|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*\zaln-e\*
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\zaln-s | x-strong="G02660" x-lemma="ἁμαρτία" x-morph="Gr,N,,,,,AFP," x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1" x-content="ἁμαρτίας"\*\w sins|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*\zaln-e\*, ... “
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\zaln-s | x-strong="G02660" x-lemma="ἁμαρτία" x-morph="Gr,N,,,,,AFP," x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1" x-content="ἁμαρτίας"\*\w sins|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*\zaln-e\*,…“
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\zaln-s | x-strong="G30040" x-lemma="λέγω" x-morph="Gr,V,IPA3,,S," x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1" x-content="λέγει"\*\w he|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*\zaln-e\*
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\zaln-s | x-strong="G51190" x-lemma="τότε" x-morph="Gr,D,,,,,,,,," x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1" x-content="τότε"\*\w then|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*\zaln-e\*
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\zaln-s | x-strong="G30040" x-lemma="λέγω" x-morph="Gr,V,IPA3,,S," x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1" x-content="λέγει"\*\w said|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*\zaln-e\*
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@ -10318,7 +10318,7 @@
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\zaln-s | x-strong="G30040" x-lemma="λέγω" x-morph="Gr,V,SAA1,,P," x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1" x-content="εἴπωμεν"\*\w if|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*
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\w we|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*
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\w say|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*\zaln-e\*, ‘\zaln-s | x-strong="G15370" x-lemma="ἐκ" x-morph="Gr,P,,,,,G,,," x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1" x-content="ἐξ"\*\w From|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*\zaln-e\*
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\zaln-s | x-strong="G04440" x-lemma="ἄνθρωπος" x-morph="Gr,N,,,,,GMP," x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1" x-content="ἀνθρώπων"\*\w men|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*\zaln-e\*,’ ... .”
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\zaln-s | x-strong="G04440" x-lemma="ἄνθρωπος" x-morph="Gr,N,,,,,GMP," x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1" x-content="ἀνθρώπων"\*\w men|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*\zaln-e\*,’….”
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\zaln-s | x-strong="G53990" x-lemma="φοβέω" x-morph="Gr,V,IIM3,,P," x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1" x-content="ἐφοβοῦντο"\*\w They|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*
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\w were|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*
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\w afraid|x-occurrence="1" x-occurrences="1"\w*\zaln-e\*
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@ -84,13 +84,13 @@ Preferred English renderings appear in bold type.
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* *Call* in the formula of the type, “he shall be called the Son of the Most High” (Luke 1:32): keep this formula in the ULT, but be aware of the metaphor that is operative here: in this verse, Jesus will not only be *called the Son of the Most High*, but he will be the Son of the Most High.
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* *Hand* indicating power or possession: keep this metaphor in the ULT.
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* Sentence-initial or preverbal *and* of the type, “And Joseph said,” “And it came about,” etc.: translate these without supplying “And.” These occurrences of “And” in the ASV and its derivatives usually occur where the ASV translates the preverbal Greek particle *kai* or the Hebrew *vav* in the *wayyiqtol* verb form. The Greek particle *kai* was usually a Hebraism on the part of the New Testament writers that reflected their understanding that the Hebrew *wayyiqtol* form contained the conjunctive *vav* ‘and.’ This, however, was a misunderstanding, for modern scholarship has shown that the *wayyiqtol* form was a frozen form with parallels in cognate Semitic languages; it was the preferred Hebrew verb form for signaling event verbs in Hebrew narration. Good English style does not normally allow sentences to begin with “and.” Only rarely is it allowable in the ULT, for dramatic effect. Otherwise, when you are tempted to start a sentence with “and,” change the preceding period to a comma.
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* **Shall** vs. **will** : in English future expressions in general, use “**will**” instead of “shall,” e.g., “he is a prophet, and he <del>shall</del> **will** pray for you” (Gen 20:7). Note that some ASV future expressions are better updated into today’s English by using the present tense, e.g., “I shall not drink from...the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come” (Luke 22:18) can be updated to “I **will** not drink...until the kingdom of God **comes**.” Cases in which “shall” expresses obligation can usually be restructured, e.g., “You shall not steal” becomes “ **Do** not steal,” and “Shall I go and smite these Philistines?” (1 Sam. 23:2) becomes “**Should** I go and attack these Philistines?” This general preference for “will” probably conforms to the instincts of most English native speakers. However, in genres such as prophecies, blessings, curses, and in other passages focusing on the expression of the speaker’s intentionality, retain the use of “shall” in the ULT, e.g., “Yahweh said, **’Shall** I hide from Abraham what I am about to do...?’” (Gen 18:17), “A deliverer **shall** come to Zion,” “every mountain and hill **shall** be made low.”
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* **Shall** vs. **will** : in English future expressions in general, use “**will**” instead of “shall,” e.g., “he is a prophet, and he <del>shall</del> **will** pray for you” (Gen 20:7). Note that some ASV future expressions are better updated into today’s English by using the present tense, e.g., “I shall not drink from…the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come” (Luke 22:18) can be updated to “I **will** not drink…until the kingdom of God **comes**.” Cases in which “shall” expresses obligation can usually be restructured, e.g., “You shall not steal” becomes “ **Do** not steal,” and “Shall I go and smite these Philistines?” (1 Sam. 23:2) becomes “**Should** I go and attack these Philistines?” This general preference for “will” probably conforms to the instincts of most English native speakers. However, in genres such as prophecies, blessings, curses, and in other passages focusing on the expression of the speaker’s intentionality, retain the use of “shall” in the ULT, e.g., “Yahweh said, **’Shall** I hide from Abraham what I am about to do…?’” (Gen 18:17), “A deliverer **shall** come to Zion,” “every mountain and hill **shall** be made low.”
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* In speech introductions that use two verbs instead of one such as, “**he answered and said**,” please retain this formula in the ULT. This will provide a model for languages which also separate the mode of speech from the act of speech, as does Biblical Hebrew and, often, Greek. In the UST for the same issue, only one verb will be used.
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#### Translation Glossary for the Old Testament ULT
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* *wayehi* “**It came about,**” “**It happened that...**”
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* *wayehi* “**It came about,**” “**It happened that…**”
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* *hinneh* “**Behold**” (when used in normal narrative passages or in narrative embedded in direct speech, such as when Joseph tells his brothers what happened in his dreams). In conversational passages, translate *hinneh* as, “**look**,” “**see**,” “**see here**,” or something else suitable for signaling that what immediately follows in the text is prominent. Some conversational contexts may make it almost impossible to give any translation at all of *hinneh*. – However, in direct reported speech of God, his angel, or his prophet, use “**behold**,” since it lends more dignity in English to the divine words than “look” or “see,” etc., would do.
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* *adam* (ASV: man, men) When referring to humanity in general, use “**mankind**.”
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* *YHWH* **Yahweh** (The ASV uses “Jehovah,” but we will not.)
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@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ The ULT seeks to represent the language **forms** of the original in a way that
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* the ULT will reproduce the form of the biblical language logical connections. Thus, for example, the ULT will read, *the righteousness of faith*, even though the logical relationship between *righteousness* and *faith* is not further specified. (Is it the righteousness that comes by faith? Is it the righteousness that vindicates faith?) All that *the righteousness of faith* explicitly signals is that there is some close association in the text between *righteousness* and *faith*, and that we can probably rule out **a number of** conceivable logical relationships between the two concepts, but not **all** possible relationships, as the foregoing example illustrates. In contrast, the UST will choose the one logical relationship that seems most likely.
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* the ULT will reproduce the linear succession of ideas found in the original, even when English may prefer a different arrangement of the same ideas.
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* the ULT will not present information that is only **implied** in the original. For example, in Matt. 26:5 *For they were saying, “Not during the feast, so that a riot does not arise among the people.”* the implied information is, “Let us not arrest Jesus [during the feast].” The ULT will not overtly represent this implied information, while the UST will include it.
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* the ULT reflects as much as reasonably possible the written style of the original. It reads, for example, “Paul...to Timothy...” instead of English’s preferred, “Dear Timothy, [new paragraph] this is Paul.”
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* the ULT reflects as much as reasonably possible the written style of the original. It reads, for example, “Paul…to Timothy…” instead of English’s preferred, “Dear Timothy, [new paragraph] this is Paul.”
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* the ULT will depart from closely representing the structures of the original only when it must do so for the sake of clarity in English.
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* the ULT is not meant to be a refined, polished English version. It is meant to present the structure of the original in a way that is as meaningful as possible, so that it can, in turn, be translated into other languages.
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* even when the ULT is ambiguous or not entirely clear (as is often true of the original), **the ULT must never promote to the MTT the wrong meaning**.
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