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d5f98b3f54
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@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This is a name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-nam
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# lived in the Hagrites' tents
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The tents are a synecdoche for the land and the buildings on the land. Alternate translation: "took over all the Hagrites' land and buildings" or "they lived in all the Hagrite territory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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The tents are a synecdoche for the land and the buildings on the land. Alternate translation: "took over all the Hagrites' land and buildings" or "lived in all the Hagrite territory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# the battle was from God
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God's help in battle is described as if he were the one who caused the battle. Alternate translation: "Because God helped them"
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God's help in battle is described as if he were the one who caused the battle. Alternate translation: "God helped them"
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@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
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1. Final remarks
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- Values (4:8-9)
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- Contentment (4:10-20)
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- Final Greetings (4:21-23)
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#### Who wrote the Book Philippians? ####
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@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ The sword is a common way of referring to a violent enemy. Alternate translation
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"my precious life" or "the only life I have"
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# claws of wild dogs ... lion's mouth ... horns of the wild oxen
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# claws of wild dogs
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The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs, lions, and wild oxen to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the claws, mouth, and horns stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes these parts of the animals because they are the parts that the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the claws stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes this part of the animal because it is what the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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# wild dogs ... wild oxen
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# wild dogs
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The word "wild" here means that no one has captured and tamed the animal.
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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
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# claws of wild dogs ... lion's mouth ... horns of the wild oxen
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# lion's mouth ... horns of the wild oxen
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The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs, lions, and wild oxen to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the claws, mouth, and horns stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes these parts of the animals because they are the parts that the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions and wild oxen to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the mouth and horns stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes these parts of the animals because they are what the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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# wild dogs ... wild oxen
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# wild oxen
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The word "wild" here means that no one has captured and tamed the animal.
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# the way ... his way
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# the way
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How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -2,3 +2,7 @@
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This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: "humble people" or "those who are humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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# his way
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How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
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This question introduces "the man who fears Yahweh" as a new topic. Alternate translation: "I will tell you about the man who fears Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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# is the man who fears ... instruct him ... he should ... His life ... his descendants
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# is the man who fears ... instruct him ... he should
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This does not refer to a specific person. Alternate translation: "are those who fear ... instruct them ... they should ... Their lives ... their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
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These words refer to any person who fears Yahweh, not a specific person. Alternate translation: "are those who fear ... instruct them ... they should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
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# The Lord will instruct him in the way that he should choose
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# is the man who fears ... instruct him ... he should ... His life ... his descendants
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# His life ... his descendants
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This does not refer to a specific person. Alternate translation: "are those who fear ... instruct them ... they should ... Their lives ... their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
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These words refer to any person who fears Yahweh, not a specific person. Alternate translation: "Their lives ... their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
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# His life will go along in goodness
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@ -9,8 +9,3 @@ Here "my spirit" refers to the writer. Alternate translation: "I place myself" (
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# God of trustworthiness
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"you are a God I can trust"
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# you saw my affliction ... you knew the distress of my soul
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Both of these phrases express the idea that God knows about the writer's troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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@ -10,10 +10,6 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Do not let others mak
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This refers to "wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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# May they be silent in Sheol. May lying lips be silenced
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This idea is repeated to emphasize the writer's desire that the voices of the wicked are not heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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# May they be silent in Sheol
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Here "in Sheol" represents death. Alternate translation: "Let them die so they cannot speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
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# May they be silent in Sheol. May lying lips be silenced
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This idea is repeated to emphasize the writer's desire that the voices of the wicked are not heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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# May lying lips be silenced
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This can be translated in active form. Alternative translation: "May someone make these lying lips silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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# lying lips
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These represent lying people. Alternate translation: "people who lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The reason they open their mouths is to accuse the writer. Alternate translation
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# Aha, Aha
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This is an exclamation that is used when something is suddenly seen or understood. It emphasizes the statement that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
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This is something an excited person says when he has suddenly seen or understood something, especially something other people did not expect him to see. It emphasizes the statement that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
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# our eyes have seen it
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# The wicked person ... the righteous person ... the evil person
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# The wicked person ... the righteous person
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These are not specific people. They refer to these kinds of people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
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These words refer to any wicked or righteous person or to wicked and righteous people in general, not to specific people. Alternate translation: "Wicked people ... righteous people" or "Any wicked person" or "any righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
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# watches the righteous person
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@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
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# The wicked person ... the righteous person ... the evil person
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These are not specific people. They refer to these kinds of people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
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# the evil person's hand
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Here "hand" represents power or control. Alternate translation: "the power of the evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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These words refer to the hand of any evil person, not of any specific person. Here "hand" represents power or control. Alternate translation: "evil people's hands" or "the power of the evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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# when he is judged
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@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
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# I am like a deaf man ... hear nothing ... does not hear
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# I am like a deaf man ... hear nothing
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The first lines of verse 13 and 14 use a simile to present the same image of the deaf man. The writer is so sick that he cannot hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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# I am like a mute man ... says nothing ... has no reply
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# I am like a mute man ... says nothing
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The second lines of verses 13 and 14 use a simile to present the image of the mute man. The writer is so sick that he cannot speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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# a mute man
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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
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# I am like a deaf man ... hear nothing ... does not hear
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# does not hear
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The first lines of verse 13 and 14 use a simile to present the same image of the deaf man. The writer is so sick that he cannot hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)
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# I am like a mute man ... says nothing ... has no reply
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# has no reply
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The second lines of verses 13 and 14 use a simile to present the image of the mute man. The writer is so sick that he cannot speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)
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@ -1,20 +1,27 @@
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# Let them ... who pursue my life to take it away
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# Let them be ashamed and completely disappointed who pursue my life to take it away
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This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Please make those who are trying to kill me become shamed and disappointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Let those who pursue my life to take it awy be ashamed and completely disappointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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# Let them be ashamed and completely disappointed
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"Please make them ashamed and completely disappointed"
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# who pursue my life to take it away
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Here "pursue my life" means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his "life." Alternate translation: "who are trying to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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# Let them ... who delight in hurting me
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# Let them be turned back and brought to dishonor, those who delight in hurting me
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This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Please stop those who delight in hurting me and dishonor them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Let those who delight in hurting me be turned back and brought to dishonor" or "Please have someone turn back those who delight in hurting me and bring them to dishonor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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# turned back
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To be stopped or thwarted is spoken of as being turned back from their attack. Alternate translation: "stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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"unable to continue"
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# Let them ... who say to me, "Aha, aha!"
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# Let them be shocked because of their shame, those who say to me, "Aha, aha!"
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"Let those who say to me, 'Aha, aha!' be shocked because of their shame"
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# Aha, aha!
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These words indicate that the speaker has seen the hearer doing evil that the hearer did not think anyone knew about. You can use here words in your language that mean the same thing but sound different. See how this is translated in [Psalms 35:21](../035/021.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
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@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing
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"This is for the director of music to use in worship."
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# he ... him ... his
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# he who is concerned for the weak ... rescue him
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These words refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak.
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The words "he" and "him" refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak.
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# the weak
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# You ... your
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# You ... you ... you ... you
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The words "You" and "your" refer to Yahweh.
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The writer is speaking to Yahweh, so these words are all singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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# its furrows
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# You ... your
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The words "You" and "your" refer to Yahweh.
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The words "You" and "your" refer to Yahweh and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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# You crown the year with your goodness
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@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
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# the poor and fatherless
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# poor ... fatherless ... afflicted ... destitute
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Here "the poor" and "fatherless" are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "those who are poor and those who are orphans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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These words are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "those who are poor ... those who are fatherless ... those who are afflicted ... those who are destitute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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# maintain the rights of the
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"do what is right for the "
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"do what is right for the"
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# the afflicted and destitute
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#
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Here "the afflicted" and "destitute" are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "those who are suffering and those who have nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# the poor and needy ... the wicked
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# poor ... needy ... wicked
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These are all nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "those who are poor and those who are needy ... those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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These are all nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "those who are poor ... those who are needy ... those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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# take them out of the hand of the wicked
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# Do to them ... for the earth
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# Do to them as you did to Midian ... Sisera and to Jabin
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The writer is asking God to defeat Israel's enemies as he has done in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
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# Do to them ... for the earth
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The writer is asking God to defeat Israel's enemies as he has done in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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# Endor
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This is the name of a town in northern Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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@ -6,7 +6,4 @@ God causing people to die suddenly is spoken of as if he swept them away with a
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This is a polite way of speaking of people dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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# in the morning they are like the grass ... in the evening it withers and dries up
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The people are being compared to grass to emphasize that people do not live a very long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
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# in the morning they are like the grass ... in the evening it withers and dries up
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The people are being compared to grass to emphasize that people do not live a very long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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# it blooms and grows up
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Both of these phrases refer to how the grass grows. Alternate translation: "it begins to grow and develop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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@ -10,7 +10,3 @@ These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (
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"Arrow" here is a metonym for the people who shoot the arrows. Alternate translation: "people attacking you with arrows during the day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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# in the darkness ... at noontime
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These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
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@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
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"remembers." See how "call to mind" is translated in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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# all the ends of the earth ... all the earth
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# all the ends of the earth
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These are metonyms for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: "people from all over the world ... all people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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This is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: "people from all over the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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# will see the victory of our God
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# all the ends of the earth ... all the earth
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# all the earth
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These are metonyms for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: "people from all over the world ... all people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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This is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: "all people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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# burst into song
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
|||
# Let the sea shout and everything in it
|
||||
|
||||
The psalmist speaks as if the sea were a person who could shout to God. Alternate translation: "Let it be as if the sea and everything in it shout" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
The psalmist speaks as if the sea were a person who could shout to God. Alternate translation: "Let it be as if the sea and everything in it were shouting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the world and those who live in it
|
||||
|
||||
The psalmist speaks as if the world were a person. Alternate translation: "and let the world and those who live in it shout" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
The psalmist speaks as if the world were a person. Alternate translation: "and let it be as if the world and those who live in it were shouting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the world ... the nations
|
||||
# the world
|
||||
|
||||
These phrases are metonyms for "the people in the world" and "the people who live in the nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
This is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "the people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
|
|||
# Let the rivers clap their hands, and let the mountains shout for joy
|
||||
|
||||
The psalmist speaks as if the rivers and mountains were people who could clap and shout. Alternate translation: "Let it be as though the rivers are clapping their hands and mountains were shouting for joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the world ... the nations
|
||||
|
||||
These phrases are metonyms for "the people in the world" and "the people who live in the nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
|
|||
# the world ... the nations
|
||||
|
||||
These phrases are metonyms for "the people in the world" and "the people who live in the nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the nations with fairness
|
||||
|
||||
The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "he will judge the nations with fairness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the nations
|
||||
|
||||
This is a metonym for "the people who live in the nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
# with fairness
|
||||
|
||||
"honestly" or "using the same standard for everyone"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
|
|||
|
||||
Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||||
|
||||
# call on his name ... Boast in his holy name
|
||||
# call on his name
|
||||
|
||||
Here "name" represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "call on him ... Boast in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
Here "name" represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "call on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the nations
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# call on his name ... Boast in his holy name
|
||||
# Boast in his holy name
|
||||
|
||||
Here "name" represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "call on him ... Boast in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
Here "name" represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "Boast in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
# let the heart of those who seek Yahweh rejoice
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,15 +2,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
"He", "my" and "I" refer to Yahweh and "her" refers to Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Zion ... her ... her
|
||||
# Zion ... her
|
||||
|
||||
The author writes as though the city of Zion were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# he has desired her for his seat
|
||||
|
||||
Here "seat" represents either 1) his throne where he would rule, or 2) the place where he would stay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
# he has desired her for his seat
|
||||
|
||||
"Yahweh has desired Zion for Yahweh's seat." This shows the actual participants.
|
||||
|
||||
"Yahweh has desired Zion for Yahweh's seat." Here "seat" represents either 1) his throne where he would rule, or 2) the place where he would stay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Zion ... her ... her
|
||||
# her
|
||||
|
||||
The author writes as though the city of Zion were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
The author writes as though the city of Zion ([Psalms 132:13](./013.md)) were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# my resting place
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -5,8 +5,3 @@ Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing
|
|||
# Praise the name of Yahweh
|
||||
|
||||
Yahweh's name represents him. "Praise Yahweh" or "Praise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Yahweh ... our God
|
||||
|
||||
Make sure that people can understand that the phrase "our God" refers to Yahweh.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
This represents serving Yahweh in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Yahweh ... our God
|
||||
# our God
|
||||
|
||||
Make sure that people can understand that the phrase "our God" refers to Yahweh.
|
||||
These words refer to Yahweh ([Psalms 135:1](./001.md)).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
|
|||
|
||||
This is the beginning of John's letter. Here he names himself as the writer and greets the people he is writing to.
|
||||
|
||||
# May grace be to you and peace from the one who is ... and from the seven spirits ... and from Jesus Christ
|
||||
# May grace be to you and peace from the one who is ... and from the seven spirits
|
||||
|
||||
This is a wish or blessing. John speaks as if these were things that God could give, although they are really ways in which he hopes God will act for his people. Alternate translation: "May he who is ... and the seven spirits ... and Jesus Christ treat you kindly and enable you to live peacefully and securely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
This is a wish or blessing. John speaks as if these were things that God could give, although they are really ways in which he hopes God will act for his people. Alternate translation: "May he who is ... and the seven spirits ... treat you kindly and enable you to live peacefully and securely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
|
||||
# from the one who is
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# May grace be to you and peace from the one who is ... and from the seven spirits
|
||||
# and from Jesus Christ
|
||||
|
||||
This is a wish or blessing. John speaks as if these were things that God could give, although they are really ways in which he hopes God will act for his people. Alternate translation: "May he who is ... and the seven spirits ... treat you kindly and enable you to live peacefully and securely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
This continues the blessing from [Revelation 1:4] (./04.md). "May grace be to you and peace also from Jesus Christ" or "and may Jesus Christ treat you kindly and enable you to live peacefully and securely"
|
||||
|
||||
# the firstborn from the dead
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
|
|||
# and from Jesus Christ
|
||||
|
||||
This continues the blessing from [Revelation 1:5] (./05.md). "May grace be to you and peace also from Jesus Christ" or "and may Jesus Christ treat you kindly and enable you to live peacefully and securely"
|
||||
|
||||
# has made us a kingdom, priests
|
||||
|
||||
"has set us apart and begun to rule over us and he has made us priests"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
|
|||
# avenge our blood
|
||||
|
||||
The word blood here represents their deaths. Alternate translation: "punish those who killed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
# until the full number ... were to be killed
|
||||
|
||||
This implies that God had decided that a certain number of people should be killed by their enemies.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
|
|||
# until the full number ... were to be killed
|
||||
# until the full number of their fellow servants and their brothers and sisters was reached who were to be killed, just as they had been killed
|
||||
|
||||
This implies that God had decided that a certain number of people should be killed by their enemies.
|
||||
|
||||
# until the full number of their fellow servants ... sisters was reached who were to be killed, just as they had been killed
|
||||
|
||||
This can be translated in an active form. Alternate translation: "until people had killed the full number of their fellow servants ... sisters whom God had decided people would kill, just as people had killed their fellow servants ... sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
|
||||
# their fellow servants and their brothers and sisters
|
||||
|
||||
This is one group of people described in two ways: as servants and as brothers and sisters. Alternate translation: "their brothers and sisters who serve God with them" or "their fellow believers who serve God with them"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -13,8 +13,3 @@ These two parts of the day are used together to mean "all the time" or "without
|
|||
# will spread his tent over them
|
||||
|
||||
"will put his tent up over them." Protecting them is spoken of as if he were giving them shelter to live under. Alternate translation: "will shelter them" or "will protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# For the Lamb ... will be their shepherd
|
||||
|
||||
The elder speaks of the Lamb's care for his people as if it were a shepherd's care for his sheep. Alternate translation: "For the Lamb ... will be like a shepherd to them" or "For the Lamb ... will care for them as a shepherd cares for his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
The voice refers to the speaker. Alternate translation: "The speaker said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||||
|
||||
# The four angels who had been prepared for ... that year, were released
|
||||
# the four angels who are bound
|
||||
|
||||
This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: "The angel released the four angels who had been prepared for ... that year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
The text does not say who has bound the angels, but it implies that God told someone to bind them. This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: "the four angels whom God has commanded them to bind" or "the four angels whom God has commanded someone to bind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -13,8 +13,3 @@ Paul continues to show that God, by his law, condemns even the Jews who have God
|
|||
# your circumcision becomes uncircumcision
|
||||
|
||||
"it is as though you were no longer circumcised"
|
||||
|
||||
# will not his uncircumcision be considered as circumcision? And will not the one who is naturally uncircumcised condemn you ... the law?
|
||||
|
||||
Paul asks two questions here to emphasize that circumcision is not what makes one right before God. You can translate these questions as statements in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will consider him as circumcised. The one who is not physically circumcised will condemn you ... the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,2 @@
|
|||
# whose sins are covered
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The same concept that is stated as "whose lawless deeds are forgiven ... whose sins are covered" in Romans 4:7 (./07.md) is stated in yet another way here. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "whose sins the Lord has covered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -4,9 +4,12 @@ Paul is talking to the critics of his teaching as though he were only talking to
|
|||
|
||||
# Why does he still find fault? For who has ever withstood his will?
|
||||
|
||||
These are rhetorical questions that Paul uses to add emphasis. You can translate all of these questions as strong statements. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
These rhetorical questions are complaints against God. You can translate them as strong statements. Alternate translation: "He should not find fault with us. No one has ever been able to withstand his will." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
|
||||
# he ... his
|
||||
|
||||
The words "he" and "his" here refer to God.
|
||||
|
||||
# has ... withstood his will
|
||||
|
||||
"has ... stopped him from doing what he wanted to do"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# Will what has been molded say ... daily use?
|
||||
# Will what has been molded say to the one who molds it, "Why ... way?"
|
||||
|
||||
Paul uses the potter's right to make any kind of container he wants from the clay as a metaphor for the creator's right to do whatever he wants with his creation. Paul asks these questions to emphasize his point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
Paul uses the potter's right to make any kind of container he wants from the clay as a metaphor for the creator's right to do whatever he wants with his creation. Paul asks questions to emphasize his point. This can be translated as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "What a person has molded should never say to the one who molds it, 'Why ... way?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Why did you make me this way?
|
||||
|
||||
The word "you" here refers to God. Paul uses this question to add emphasis. You can translate it as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "God, you should not have made me this way!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
This question is a rebuke and can be translated as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You should not have made me this way!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
|
|||
# the descendants of Perez
|
||||
|
||||
"the successive descendants." Because it was mentioned earlier that Perez was the son of Judah, the writer continues listing the family line that came from Perez.
|
||||
|
||||
# Hezron ... Ram
|
||||
|
||||
(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: "her mother's special daughter"
|
|||
|
||||
# young women ... queens ... concubines
|
||||
|
||||
the women spoken of in verse 8
|
||||
the women spoken of in [Song of Songs 6:8](./08.md).
|
||||
|
||||
# called her blessed
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
|
|||
|
||||
These phrases refer to the man who "was riding on a red horse" in [Zechariah 1:8](./08.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word "stood" is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: "the man who was among the myrtle trees ... the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
|
||||
# These are those ... They answered ... they said
|
||||
# These are those
|
||||
|
||||
The words "these" and "they" refer to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
The word "these" refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# to roam throughout the earth
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
|
|||
|
||||
This phrase refers to the man who "was riding on a red horse" in [Zechariah 1:8](./08.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word "stood" is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: "the man who was among the myrtle trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
|
||||
# These are those ... They answered ... they said
|
||||
# They answered ... they said
|
||||
|
||||
The words "these" and "they" refer to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
The word "they" refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# all the earth sits still and is at rest
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,9 +1,3 @@
|
|||
# the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees
|
||||
|
||||
This phrase refers to the man who "was riding on a red horse" in [Zechariah 1:8](./08.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word "stood" is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: "the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah
|
||||
|
||||
Here the words "Jerusalem" and "cities" refer to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: "to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
|
|||
# Kislev (which was the ninth month)
|
||||
|
||||
"Kislev" is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourth day of Kislev is near the end of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||||
|
||||
# They spoke ... they said
|
||||
|
||||
The word "they" refers to Sharezer and Regem Melek.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -5,8 +5,3 @@
|
|||
# Favor
|
||||
|
||||
Other versions of the Bible translate this word as "grace," "beauty," or "pleasant."
|
||||
|
||||
# the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed
|
||||
|
||||
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the sheep that are perishing—let them perish" or "the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# That day ... a day
|
||||
|
||||
These phrases refer back to the "day of Yahweh" in verse 14.
|
||||
|
||||
# That day will be a day of fury ... battlements
|
||||
|
||||
Verses 15-16 have multiple figures of speech that together emphasize the destructive nature of this final judgment by God.
|
||||
These phrases refer back to the "day of Yahweh" in [Zephaniah 1:14](./14.md).
|
||||
|
||||
# a day of distress and anguish
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
|
|||
# That day will be a day of fury ... battlements
|
||||
|
||||
Verses 15-16 have multiple figures of speech that together emphasize the destructive nature of this final judgment by God.
|
||||
|
||||
# a day of trumpets and alarms
|
||||
|
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The words "trumpets" and "alarms" mean basically the same thing here. Both are means to call soldiers to prepare for battle. Alternate translation: "a day when people sound the alarm for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
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This phrase refers to the punishment that will happen as a result of Yahweh's decree. Alternate translation: "before Yahweh punishes you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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# that day ... the day of the wrath of Yahweh ... the day of Yahweh's wrath
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# that day ... the day of the wrath of Yahweh
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||||
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||||
These phrases all refer to the "day of Yahweh." Translate these phrases as you did similar phrases in [Zephaniah 1:7-9](../01/07.md).
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These phrases refer to the "day of Yahweh." Translate these phrases as you did similar phrases in [Zephaniah 1:7-9](../01/07.md).
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# that day passes like the chaff
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# that day ... the day of the wrath of Yahweh ... the day of Yahweh's wrath
|
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# the day of Yahweh's wrath
|
||||
|
||||
These phrases all refer to the "day of Yahweh." Translate these phrases as you did similar phrases in [Zephaniah 1:7-9](../01/07.md).
|
||||
This phrase refers to the "day of Yahweh." Translate it as you did similar phrases in [Zephaniah 1:7-9](../01/07.md).
|
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# Seek Yahweh
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@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
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# General Information:
|
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||||
In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah.
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||||
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# they taunted and mocked the people of Yahweh of hosts ... he will taunt all the gods of the earth
|
||||
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||||
Yahweh is speaking with irony. He will taunt the worthless gods in the same way that the people who served those gods had taunted Yahweh's people.
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@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
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# they taunted and mocked the people of Yahweh of hosts ... he will taunt all the gods of the earth
|
||||
|
||||
Yahweh is speaking with irony. He will taunt the worthless gods in the same way that the people who served those gods had taunted Yahweh's people.
|
||||
|
||||
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|
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Loading…
Reference in New Issue