diff --git a/1jn/02/04.md b/1jn/02/04.md index 869d0ef50a..fdcd06f3b1 100644 --- a/1jn/02/04.md +++ b/1jn/02/04.md @@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ The phrase "we are in him" means that the believer has fellowship with God. AT: To remain in God means to continue to have fellowship with God. AT: "continues to have fellowship with God" or "stays joined to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# should himself also walk just as Jesus Christ walked +# should himself also walk just as he walked -Conducting one's life is spoken of as if it were walking. AT: "must live as Jesus Christ lived" or "should also obey God just as Jesus Christ did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Conducting one's life is spoken of as if it were walking. AT: "must live as he lived" or "should also obey God just as Jesus Christ did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # translationWords diff --git a/1pe/01/03.md b/1pe/01/03.md index 842758817a..e96261b35d 100644 --- a/1pe/01/03.md +++ b/1pe/01/03.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Peter begins to talk about the believers' salvation and faith. Here he elaborate The words "our" and "us" refer to Peter and those to whom he is writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -# he has given us us a new birth +# he has given us new birth "he has caused us to be born again" diff --git a/1pe/02/07.md b/1pe/02/07.md index e1ab0eeea6..806da5f5f9 100644 --- a/1pe/02/07.md +++ b/1pe/02/07.md @@ -14,15 +14,15 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "the stone that the builders rejected" (S This refers to the most important stone in a building and means basically the same thing as "cornerstone" in [1 Peter 2:6](./06.md). -# a stone of stumbling and a rock of stumbling +# A stone of stumbling and a rock that makes them fall These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that people will take offense at this "stone," which refers to Jesus. AT: "a stone or a rock over which people will stumble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# stumble, disobeying the word +# stumble because they disobey the word Here "the word" refers to the gospel message. To disobey means that they do not believe. AT: "stumble because they are not believing the message about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# for which they were also destined +# which is what they were destined to do This can be stated in active form. AT: "for which God also destined them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/1pe/04/03.md b/1pe/04/03.md index e51c1c3dd6..d7f091b391 100644 --- a/1pe/04/03.md +++ b/1pe/04/03.md @@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ These terms refer to activities in which people gather to drink alcohol excessively and behave in a shameful manner. -# floods of dissipation +# floods of reckless behavior These examples of wild, boundless sin are spoken of as if they were great floods of water that sweep over people. -# dissipation +# reckless behavior -limitless indulgence of bodily desires +doing everything they can to satisfy the desires of their bodies # the one who is ready to judge @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) God judged them in t This is a reference to death as the ultimate form of judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -# live as God in the spirit +# live in the spirit the way God does Possible meanings are 1) "live spiritually as God lives because the Holy Spirit will enable them to do so" or 2) "live according to God's standards by the power of the Holy Spirit" diff --git a/1pe/05/01.md b/1pe/05/01.md index e212ae391e..17f56680d8 100644 --- a/1pe/05/01.md +++ b/1pe/05/01.md @@ -2,21 +2,18 @@ Peter speaks specifically to men who are elders. -# a participant in - -"one who shares in" or "one who takes part in" # the glory that will be revealed This is a reference to Christ's second coming. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the glory of Christ that God will reveal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# tend the flock of God +# Be shepherds of God's flock Peter speaks of the believers as a flock of sheep and the elders as the shepherds who care for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# Look after them +# serving as overseers -"Care for them" +Possible meanings are 1) an "overseer" is an official steward who takes care of God's people, or 2) the writer is explaining what shepherds do ("Be shepherds of God's flock"), "caring for them." # Do not act as a master over the people ... Instead, be an example diff --git a/1th/05/08.md b/1th/05/08.md index 7305955ac7..cd7775e814 100644 --- a/1th/05/08.md +++ b/1th/05/08.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Paul compares being sober to exercising self-control. AT: "let us exercise self- As a soldier would put on a breastplate to protect his body, a believer who lives by faith and love will find protection. AT: "protect ourselves with faith and love" or "protect ourselves by trusting Christ and loving him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# the certainty of future salvation for our helmet +# the hope of salvation for our helmet As a helmet protects a soldier's head, assurance of salvation protects the believer. AT: "protect ourselves by being certain that Christ will save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/1ti/04/09.md b/1ti/04/09.md index 9f70aa0d05..7304e46042 100644 --- a/1ti/04/09.md +++ b/1ti/04/09.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The words "struggle" and "work very hard" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize the intensity with which they serve God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# we have confidence in the living God +# we have hope in the living God Here "living God" probably means, "God, who makes all things live." diff --git a/2ch/04/09.md b/2ch/04/09.md index 92230ddf9c..a4a1e47691 100644 --- a/2ch/04/09.md +++ b/2ch/04/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# he made the courtyard ... he overlaid ... He placed +# he made the courtyard ... and overlaid ... He placed Here "he" refers to Solomon. The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers made ... they overlaid ... They placed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/2ch/09/03.md b/2ch/09/03.md index 9853f44ca1..9fcdd984f3 100644 --- a/2ch/09/03.md +++ b/2ch/09/03.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Possible meanings are 1) where his servants lived or 2) how his servants sat aro "his wine servers." These were servants who tasted the king's wine to make sure that there was no poison in it. If it was safe to drink the wine, they would give it to the king. -# there was no more spirit in her +# there was no more breath in her This is an idiom. AT: "she was completely amazed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/2ch/25/03.md b/2ch/25/03.md index 0273eb8fde..0f98df0fb2 100644 --- a/2ch/25/03.md +++ b/2ch/25/03.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -# the book of Moses +# the Book of Moses This is a reference to the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. diff --git a/2pe/01/03.md b/2pe/01/03.md index ed47c9054b..60b2b6b7b6 100644 --- a/2pe/01/03.md +++ b/2pe/01/03.md @@ -10,10 +10,6 @@ Here "godliness" describes the word "life." AT: "for a godly life" (See: [[rc:// Here the word "us" refers to Peter and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -# through his own glory and virtue - -"through his own glory and moral excellence" - # Through these Here "these" refers to "his own glory and virtue." diff --git a/2pe/01/05.md b/2pe/01/05.md index d00a45e5ed..9a0f2c02b5 100644 --- a/2pe/01/05.md +++ b/2pe/01/05.md @@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ This refers to what Peter has just said in the previous verses. AT: "Because of what God has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -# virtue - -"moral excellence" - # brotherly affection This refers to love for a friend or family member and likely means love for ones spiritual family. diff --git a/2pe/01/08.md b/2pe/01/08.md index 3b22fb840f..124b3caf80 100644 --- a/2pe/01/08.md +++ b/2pe/01/08.md @@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ You can translate "knowledge" using a verbal phrase. AT: "through your knowing G any person who does not have these things -# sees only what is near; he is blind +# is so nearsighted that he is blind Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he were a nearsighted or blind person because he does not understand their value. AT: "is like a shortsighted person who cannot see their importance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# the cleansing from his old sins +# he has been cleansed from his past sins You can use a verb to translate this. AT: "that God has cleansed him from his old sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) diff --git a/2pe/02/01.md b/2pe/02/01.md index 44dc8c47e3..348192d2d4 100644 --- a/2pe/02/01.md +++ b/2pe/02/01.md @@ -22,15 +22,15 @@ The word "master" here refers to a person who owns slaves. Peter speaks of Jesus The phrase "way of truth" refers to the Christian faith as the true path to God. This can be stated in active form. AT: "unbelievers will blaspheme the way of truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# make a profit off of you with deceptive words +# exploit you with deceptive words "convince you to give them money by telling you lies" -# Their condemnation does not delay for long; their destruction does not sleep +# their condemnation has not been idle, and their destruction is not asleep Peter speaks of "condemnation" and "destruction" as if they are persons who act. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how soon the false teachers will be condemned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -# Their condemnation does not delay for long; their destruction does not sleep +# their condemnation has not been idle, and their destruction is not asleep You can translate these phrases with verbs in positive terms. AT: "God will soon condemn them; he is ready to destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) diff --git a/2pe/02/17.md b/2pe/02/17.md index 56bdf11561..07116b0199 100644 --- a/2pe/02/17.md +++ b/2pe/02/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ -# These men are like springs without water +# These men are springs without water -Springs flowing with water promise refreshment for thirsty people, but "springs without water" will leave the thirsty disappointed. In the same way, false teachers, although they promise many things, are unable to do what they promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Springs flowing with water promise refreshment for thirsty people, but "springs without water" will leave the thirsty disappointed. In the same way, false teachers, although they promise many things, are unable to do what they promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# They are like clouds that a storm drives +# mists driven by a storm -When people see storm clouds, they expect rain to fall. When the winds from the storm blow the clouds away before the rain can fall, the people are disappointed. In the same way, false teachers, although they promise many things, are unable to do what they promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +When people see storm clouds, they expect rain to fall. When the winds from the storm blow the clouds away before the rain can fall, the people are disappointed. In the same way, false teachers, although they promise many things, are unable to do what they promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# Thick darkness is reserved for them +# The gloom of thick darkness is reserved for them -The word "them" refers to the false teachers. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has reserved thick darkness for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "them" refers to the false teachers. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has reserved the gloom of thick darkness for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # They speak with vain arrogance diff --git a/2pe/02/20.md b/2pe/02/20.md index accaecef22..1003c5cd75 100644 --- a/2pe/02/20.md +++ b/2pe/02/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# the defilements of the world +# the corruption of the world The word "defilements" refers to sinful behavior that makes one morally impure. The "world" refers to human society. AT: "the defiling practices of sinful human society" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The word "defilements" refers to sinful behavior that makes one morally impure. You can translate "knowledge" using a verbal phrase. See how you translated similar phrases in [2 Peter 1:2](../01/01.md). AT: "by knowing the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -# the last state has become worse for them than the first state +# the last state has become worse for them than the first "their condition is worse than it was before" @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ This can be stated in active terms. AT: "the holy commandment that God delivered "This proverb applies to them" or "This proverb describes them" -# A dog returns to its own vomit. A washed pig returns to the mud +# A dog returns to its own vomit, and a washed pig returns to the mud Peter uses two proverbs to illustrate how the false teachers, although they have known "the way of righteousness," have turned back to the things that make them morally and spiritually impure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) diff --git a/3jn/01/01.md b/3jn/01/01.md index 4a14e7501a..8e893998e0 100644 --- a/3jn/01/01.md +++ b/3jn/01/01.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This is a fellow believer to whom John is writing this letter. (See: [[rc://en/t "whom I truly love" -# you may prosper in all things and be in health +# all may go well with you and that you may be healthy "you may do well in all things and be healthy" diff --git a/3jn/01/09.md b/3jn/01/09.md index bf5812c829..4314880327 100644 --- a/3jn/01/09.md +++ b/3jn/01/09.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ He was a member of the congregation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate- "who loves to be the most important one among them" or "who loves to act as though he's their leader" -# how he says ridiculous things against us with evil words +# talking wicked nonsense against us "and how he says evil things about us that certainly are not true" @@ -22,15 +22,15 @@ He was a member of the congregation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate- The word "himself" emphasizes that it is Diotrephes who does these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -# does not receive the brothers +# refuses to welcome the brothers "does not welcome the fellow believers" -# forbids those who desire to do so +# stops those who want to welcome them "stops those who want to welcome the believers" -# drives them out of the congregation +# puts them out of the church "he forces them to leave the congregation" diff --git a/act/02/32.md b/act/02/32.md index 133882649c..9b7240c9c1 100644 --- a/act/02/32.md +++ b/act/02/32.md @@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "God having raised Jesus up to his right This refers to God's exalting Jesus to a position of honor and authority. -# he has poured out this +# he has poured out what -Here the words "poured out" mean that Jesus who is God made these events to happen. It is implicit that he does this by giving the Holy Spirit to the believers. AT: "he has caused these things to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here the words "poured out" mean that Jesus, who is God, made these events to happen. It is implicit that he does this by giving the Holy Spirit to the believers. AT: "he has caused to happen these things that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # poured out diff --git a/act/26/06.md b/act/26/06.md index 013c609b82..2f55deeefa 100644 --- a/act/26/06.md +++ b/act/26/06.md @@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ This word marks a shift from Paul discussing his past to talking about himself i This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am here, where they are putting me on trial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# I look for the promise that God made to our fathers +# of my certain hope in the promise made by God to our fathers This speaks about a promise as if it were something a person could look for and see. AT: "I am waiting expectantly for God to do what he promised our forefathers he would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# For this is the promise our twelve tribes hoped to receive +# For this is the promise that our twelve tribes sought to receive The phrase "our twelve tribes" stands for the people in those tribes. AT: "This is also what our fellow Jews in the twelve tribes were waiting for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# the promise ... hoped to receive +# the promise ... sought to receive This speaks about a promise as if it were an object that can be received. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/amo/01/01.md b/amo/01/01.md index f24f191a5b..f6a4c3f559 100644 --- a/amo/01/01.md +++ b/amo/01/01.md @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave him these things" (See: [[rc:// # in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and also in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash king of Israel -This is an idiom and refers to the time when each king reigned. AT: "when Uzziah was king of Judah, and also when Jeroboam son of Joash was king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The words "in the days of" is an idiom and refers to the time when each king reigned. AT: "when Uzziah was king of Judah, and also when Jeroboam son of Joash was king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) # two years before the earthquake diff --git a/col/01/04.md b/col/01/04.md index 4e8decfcd5..cf410d3c93 100644 --- a/col/01/04.md +++ b/col/01/04.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Paul is excluding his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive] "your belief in Christ Jesus" -# because of the confident expectation reserved for you in heaven +# because of the certain hope reserved for you in heaven -Here "confident expectation" stands for what the believer can confidently expect, that is, the things that God has promised to do for all believers. These things are spoken of as if they were physical objects that God was keeping in heaven for the believers to possess later. AT: "because you are certain that God, who is in heaven, will do the many good things that he has promised you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "certain hope" stands for what the believer can confidently expect, that is, the things that God has promised to do for all believers. These things are spoken of as if they were physical objects that God was keeping in heaven for the believers to possess later. AT: "because you are certain that God, who is in heaven, will do the many good things that he has promised you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # This gospel is bearing fruit and is growing diff --git a/col/01/24.md b/col/01/24.md index 8bc28ce342..64d7405b17 100644 --- a/col/01/24.md +++ b/col/01/24.md @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "now God has revealed it" (See: [[rc://en Paul speaks of the value of this secret truth about God as if it were a treasure of material wealth. "riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# Christ is in you +# Christ in you Paul speaks of the believers as if they were actual containers in which Christ is present. This is one of his ways of expressing the union of the believers with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/deu/14/06.md b/deu/14/06.md index aa29786c14..8ac0903cc4 100644 --- a/deu/14/06.md +++ b/deu/14/06.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This is a small animal with long ears that usually lives in holes in the ground. This is a small animal that lives in rocky places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -# they are unclean for you +# they are unclean to you Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/deu/14/09.md b/deu/14/09.md index f03d1d9d30..70293d1e81 100644 --- a/deu/14/09.md +++ b/deu/14/09.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ the thin, flat part which the fish uses to move through the water the small plates that cover the body of the fish -# they are unclean for you +# they are unclean to you Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])