PDF for Hosea

hos/02/14.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Yahweh is speaking about Israel.
 
-# So I am going to win her back
+# to allure her
 
-"I, Yahweh, will bring her back to me"
+to attract her
 

hos/04/03.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# So the land is drying up
+# the land mourns, and everyone living in it is wasting away
 
-This expression refers to drought, when no rain falls for a long time.
+The phrase "the land mourns" is either 1) a metaphor for the land drying up because of a drought, when no rain falls for a long time. Alternate translation: "the land dries up, and everyone living in it is wasting away" Or 2) a metonym for the people of the land mourning because they have nothing to eat. Alternate translation: "the people living on the land mourn and waste away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
 # wasting away
 

hos/04/08.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Yahweh continues speaking about the priests.
 
 When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people's sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# they are greedy for more of their wickedness
+# they are greedy for more of their iniquity
 
 The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 

hos/04/10.md

@@ -6,11 +6,7 @@ Yahweh is talking about Israel.
 
 "but not have children"
 
-# they have gone far away
+# to Yahweh
 
-The people have stopped worshiping and following God.
+Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
-
-# from Yahweh
-
-Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: "from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
 

hos/06/01.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 The people of Israel confess their need to repent.
 
-# he has torn us to pieces ... he has injured us
+# he has torn us apart ... he has injured us
 
 God has punished the people of Israel because they disobeyed him and worshiped idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
 

hos/06/05.md

@@ -6,11 +6,7 @@ Through his prophets, Yahweh has pronounced destruction on the rebellious nation
 
 Yahweh has judged Ephraim [verse 4](./04.md) in a way that people can see plainly and cannot avoid. Alternate translation: "The judgments that have fallen on you are like the light that shines out" or "The way I have judged you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
 
-# The judgments on you
+# Your judgments
 
 Some versions read, "My judgments," referring to the actions Yahweh has taken against Ephraim.
 
-# Your decrees
-
-"Yahweh's commands"
-

hos/06/06.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Yahweh is speaking.
 
-# For I desire faithfulness and not sacrifice
+# For I delight in covenant faithfulness and not sacrifice
 
-This grammatical construction in Hebrew signals here the idea of "more than," as the next line shows ("and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings"). Alternate translation: "For I desire faithfulness more than sacrifice"
+This grammatical construction in Hebrew signals here the idea of "more than," as the next line shows ("and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings"). Alternate translation: "For I delight in covenant faithfulness more than I delight in sacrifice" or "For I delight in sacrifices, but I delight in covenant faithfulness even more"
 

hos/07/12.md

@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ Yahweh speaks of the way he will judge Israel as if they were birds that he woul
 
 # in their flocking together
 
-This expression extends the metaphor of the birds.
+This expression extends the metaphor of the birds. Alternate translation: "when they gather together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

hos/08/05.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The people worshiped an idol that looked like a calf, so Yahweh is speaking of t
 
 Anger is often spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: "I am very angry with these people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# For how long will they stay guilty?
+# For how long will they be incapable of innocence?
 
-Yahweh asks this question to express his anger about his people being impure. "I am angry with these people because they have no desire to be innocent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
+Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are 1) Yahweh is expressing his anger about his people being guilty of sin. Alternate translation: "I am angry with these people because they have no desire to be innocent." Or 2) he is threatening to punish them soon. Alternate translation: "They will not be able to avoid being punished for much longer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 

hos/08/10.md

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-# because of the oppression of the king of princes
+# because of the burden of the king of princes
 
 That is, because the Assyrian king, also called "the Great King," will make the people suffer.
 
+# burden
+
+This probably refers to a tax or other form of oppression.
+

hos/09/06.md

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Here "they" still refers to the people of Israel. You can continue stating this
 
 Egypt and Memphis refer to the people who live there. Alternate translation: "the army of Egypt will capture you. You will die there, and the people in the city of Memphis will bury you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# As for their treasures of silver—sharp briers will possess them
+# As for their precious things of silver—sharp briers will possess them
 
-Briers growing in the places where Israelites stored their silver is spoken of as if the briers were human enemies that would take the Israelite's precious possessions for themselves. Alternate translation: "Sharp briers will grow where they store their treasures of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+Briers growing in the places where Israelites stored their silver is spoken of as if the briers were human enemies that would take the Israelite's precious possessions for themselves. Alternate translation: "Sharp briers will grow where they store their precious things of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # sharp briers will possess them, and thorns will fill their tents
 

hos/09/07.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) that the p
 
 Here "prophet" and "inspired man" both mean a person who claims to receive messages from God. It is implied that these people are false prophets and only thought they received messages from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 
-# because of your great iniquity and great hostility
+# because of your abundant iniquity and great hostility
 
-The phrases "great iniquity" and "great hostility" share similar meanings. The iniquity of the people manifested itself in hostility towards Yahweh and his prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
+The phrases "abundant iniquity" and "great hostility" share similar meanings. The iniquity of the people manifested itself in hostility towards Yahweh and his prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
 

hos/10/06.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The Assyrians will carry them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 
+# the great king
+
+Some versions read, "King Jareb."
+
 # Ephraim will be disgraced, and Israel will be ashamed of its idol
 
 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "And the people of Israel will be very ashamed because they had worshiped idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])

hos/10/11.md

@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ A heifer loves to thresh because they can walk around freely without a yoke. Yah
 
 Here "yoke" refers to suffering and slavery. Yahweh has been kind to the people of Israel, but the people have been unfaithful to him. So he will punish them and send them away as slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
+# her fair neck
+
+The irony here is that the "heifer" views herself as "fair"—that is, as beautiful and delicate—but Yahweh views her as ugly and so will put a yoke on her, which will destroy her beauty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]])
+
 # Judah will plow; Jacob will pull the harrow by himself
 
 Here "Judah" refers to the people of the southern kingdom and "Jacob" is the people of the northern kingdom. This means God will cause difficult times for both kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])

php/03/16.md

@@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ Paul uses "we" to include the Philippian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/f
 
 "No matter what else is true"
 
-# what we have attained .. the same standard
+# what we have attained ... the same standard
 
 The phrase "what we have attained" probably refers to the "standard" of truth. Alternate translation: "the standard of truth that we have attained ... that same standard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])