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1ch/17/intro.md
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#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### Building the temple #####
David wanted to build a temple for God but God would not allow him to. Instead he promised that his son, Solomon, would build the temple and he promised David would have a descendant who would be king forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forever]])
David wanted to build a temple for God but God would not allow him to. Instead he promised that his son, Solomon, would build the temple and he promised David would have a descendant who would be king forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
## Links: ##

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1co/01/02.md
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God has called to be holy people" (
# who call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ
"Name" here is a metonym for person of Jesus Christ. AT: "who call on the Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
"Name" here is a metonym for person of Jesus Christ. AT: "who call on the Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
# their Lord and ours

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1co/01/10.md
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
# through the name of our Lord Jesus Christ
"Name" here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. AT: "by means of our Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
"Name" here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. AT: "by means of our Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
# that you all agree

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1co/01/13.md
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@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ Paul wishes to emphasize that we all are baptized in the name of Christ. This ca
# in the name of Paul
"In the name of" here is a metonym for "by the authority of." AT: "by Paul's authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
"In the name of" here is a metonym for "by the authority of." AT: "by Paul's authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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1co/03/intro.md
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translation set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on t
#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
== Fleshly people==
The Corinthian believers were immature because of their unrighteous actions. He calls them "fleshly," meaning thinking as a nonbeliever. This term is used in opposition to those who are "spiritual." Christians following their "flesh" are foolish and they are following the wisdom of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
The Corinthian believers were immature because of their unrighteous actions. He calls them "fleshly," meaning thinking as a nonbeliever. This term is used in opposition to those who are "spiritual." Christians following their "flesh" are foolish and they are following the wisdom of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
#### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####

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1co/06/11.md
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@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has made you right with him" (See: [
# in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ
"Name" here is a metonym for the power and authority of Jesus Christ. AT: "by the power and authority of our Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
"Name" here is a metonym for the power and authority of Jesus Christ. AT: "by the power and authority of our Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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1co/11/30.md
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ These words mean almost the same thing and can be combined, as in UDB.
# and some of you have fallen asleep
"Sleep" here is a euphemism for death. AT: "and some of you have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]]]).
"Sleep" here is a euphemism for death. AT: "and some of you have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]).
# some of you

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1co/12/13.md
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Possible meanings are 1) the Holy Spirit is the one who baptizes us, "For one Sp
# whether bound or free
"Bound" here is a metonym for "slaves." AT: "whether slave-people or free-people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
"Bound" here is a metonym for "slaves." AT: "whether slave-people or free-people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
# all were made to drink of one Spirit

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1co/15/06.md
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# some have fallen asleep
"Sleep" here is a common euphemism for death. AT: "some have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]]])
"Sleep" here is a common euphemism for death. AT: "some have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])

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1jn/01/intro.md
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This chapter teaches that all Christians remain sinners after they come to faith
#### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####
##### Metaphors #####
There are many metaphors in this chapter, all of which are commonly used in Scripture. Light is always used in a positive way to describe righteousness. Darkness is always used in a negative way to describe unrighteousness. The Christian life is also described as a walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]])
There are many metaphors in this chapter, all of which are commonly used in Scripture. Light is always used in a positive way to describe righteousness. Darkness is always used in a negative way to describe unrighteousness. The Christian life is also described as a walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
## Links: ##

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1jn/02/05.md
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# keeps his word
To keep someone's word here is an idiom for to obey. AT: "does what God tells him to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-idiom]]])
To keep someone's word here is an idiom for to obey. AT: "does what God tells him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
# in him truly the love of God has been perfected

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1pe/01/22.md
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@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ This refers to love between fellow believers.
# love one another earnestly from the heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or emotions. To love someone "from the heart" means to love some one completely with total commitment. AT: "love one another earnestly and completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or emotions. To love someone "from the heart" means to love some one completely with total commitment. AT: "love one another earnestly and completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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1pe/01/intro.md
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of
#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### Work of God in salvation #####
This chapter emphasizes the work of God in salvation. It reminds Christians of the great things only God could have done in order to bring them to a right relationship with himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]])
This chapter emphasizes the work of God in salvation. It reminds Christians of the great things only God could have done in order to bring them to a right relationship with himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
##### Eternity #####
This chapter contrasts living for things of this world, which will not last, with living for things that will matter eternally. It is also important to live with the expectation that Jesus will return soon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])

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1pe/03/01.md
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@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ Here "the word" refers to the gospel message. To disobey means that they do not
# without a word
"without the wife saying a word." Here "a word" refers to anything the wife might speak about Jesus. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs-ellipsis]])
"without the wife saying a word." Here "a word" refers to anything the wife might speak about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])

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1pe/04/intro.md
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of
##### Ungodly Gentiles #####
This passage uses the term "Gentiles" to refer to all ungodly people who are not Jews. It does not include Gentiles who have become Christians. "Sensuality, passion, drunkenness, carousings, wild parties, and disgusting acts of idolatry" were actions that characterized or typified the ungodly Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]])
This passage uses the term "Gentiles" to refer to all ungodly people who are not Jews. It does not include Gentiles who have become Christians. "Sensuality, passion, drunkenness, carousings, wild parties, and disgusting acts of idolatry" were actions that characterized or typified the ungodly Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
##### Martyrdom #####
It is apparent that Peter is speaking to many Christians who are experiencing great persecution and are facing death for their beliefs.

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1sa/02/intro.md
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This song is about how God protects the weak and strengthens them. He humbles th
##### Eli's Sons #####
Eli, the chief priest, had two sons. They were ungodly priests who continually sinned and did not honor God. Eli corrected them but they did not listen. A prophet warned Eli that God would stop his family from being priests and his sons would both die on the same day. At the same time, Samuel was growing up and serving God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
Eli, the chief priest, had two sons. They were ungodly priests who continually sinned and did not honor God. Eli corrected them but they did not listen. A prophet warned Eli that God would stop his family from being priests and his sons would both die on the same day. At the same time, Samuel was growing up and serving God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
#### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####

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1sa/14/intro.md
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Jonathan took his armor bearer to where the Philistines were on the top of the h
##### Special reference #####
The people of Israel often used the term "uncircumcised" to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to mean the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/uncircumcised]])
The people of Israel often used the term "uncircumcised" to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to mean the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])
## Links: ##

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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Trust in God is more powerful than physical might or military training and equip
##### Uncircumcised #####
The people of Israel often used the term "uncircumcised" to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to describe the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/uncircumcised]])
The people of Israel often used the term "uncircumcised" to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to describe the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])
#### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####

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# He will not go down with us into battle
The person here is a synecdoche for the army he commands. AT: "Do not let his army join with our army against our enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs-synecdoche]])
The person here is a synecdoche for the army he commands. AT: "Do not let his army join with our army against our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
# For how else could he make himself acceptable to his master than by taking the heads of our own men?
This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Here "taking the heads" is a metonym for killing. AT: "The best way for David to make peace with his master would be by killing our soldiers!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs-metonymy]])
This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Here "taking the heads" is a metonym for killing. AT: "The best way for David to make peace with his master would be by killing our soldiers!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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1th/02/04.md
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@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Paul is referring to preaching the gospel message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/transl
# who examines our hearts
The word "hearts" is a metonym for a person's desires and thoughts. AT: "who knows our desires and thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
The word "hearts" is a metonym for a person's desires and thoughts. AT: "who knows our desires and thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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1th/02/intro.md
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#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### Christian witness #####
Paul values his "Christian witness" as evidence for the truth of the gospel. The godliness or holiness of a Christian is said to bear witness to the non-Christian. Paul defends himself against attacks against his character, so that his witness is not tainted. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
Paul values his "Christian witness" as evidence for the truth of the gospel. The godliness or holiness of a Christian is said to bear witness to the non-Christian. Paul defends himself against attacks against his character, so that his witness is not tainted. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
##### Christian living #####
Under the law of Moses, people were required to offer sacrifices of animals or grain in the temple. Since physical sacrifices are no longer required, Christians are required to live their lives as a type of sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])

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1th/04/13.md
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@ -24,5 +24,5 @@ mourn, be sad about something
# like the rest who do not have hope
"like people who do not confidence in the future promise." It can be stated clearly what those people do not have confidence about. AT: "like the people who are not sure that they will rise from the dead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-explicit]])
"like people who do not confidence in the future promise." It can be stated clearly what those people do not have confidence about. AT: "like the people who are not sure that they will rise from the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

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1ti/06/14.md
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# without spot or blame
The word "spot" is a metaphor for moral fault. Possible meanings are 1) Jesus will not find fault with Timothy or blame him for doing wrong or 2) other people will not find fault with Timothy or blame him for doing wrong. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-metaphor]])
The word "spot" is a metaphor for moral fault. Possible meanings are 1) Jesus will not find fault with Timothy or blame him for doing wrong or 2) other people will not find fault with Timothy or blame him for doing wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
# until the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
# let your word be confirmed
This can be translated in active form. AT: "confirm your word" or "make your word come true" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs-activepassive]])
This can be translated in active form. AT: "confirm your word" or "make your word come true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
# your word

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# he gave the kingdom to Jehoram
The kingdom is spoken of as if it were a physical object that Jehoshaphat gave to Jehoram. AT: "he made Jehoram king" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-metaphor]])
The kingdom is spoken of as if it were a physical object that Jehoshaphat gave to Jehoram. AT: "he made Jehoram king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### Uzzah the leper #####
Uzzah was powerful when he followed Yahweh. When he entered the temple to burn incense like a priest, God made him a leper. Lepers could not properly worship Yahweh because they were always unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]])
Uzzah was powerful when he followed Yahweh. When he entered the temple to burn incense like a priest, God made him a leper. Lepers could not properly worship Yahweh because they were always unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
## Links: ##

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2co/03/intro.md
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Paul continues his defense. Paul views the Corinthian Christians as the proof of
#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### Law of Moses #####
There are many allusions to God giving the law of Moses. This chapter will be difficult to fully understand if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. This chapter contrasts the covenant God made with Moses with the New Covenant. Although the law was good, because it was revealed by God, it brought punishment to Israel because they were unable to obey it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
There are many allusions to God giving the law of Moses. This chapter will be difficult to fully understand if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. This chapter contrasts the covenant God made with Moses with the New Covenant. Although the law was good, because it was revealed by God, it brought punishment to Israel because they were unable to obey it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
#### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####

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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This chapter has a very abrupt change. In 7:2-4, Paul finishes his defense. He t
##### Clean and unclean #####
Christians are "clean" in the sense that they are in a right relationship with God, and they do not need to be concerned with being clean according to the law of Moses. Ungodly living can still make a Christian unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]])
Christians are "clean" in the sense that they are in a right relationship with God, and they do not need to be concerned with being clean according to the law of Moses. Ungodly living can still make a Christian unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
##### Sadness and sorrow #####
Different terms for emotions can have great differences in meaning. The terms "sad" and "sorrow" in this chapter indicates that the Corinthians were upset to the point of repentance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])

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# God is able to make all grace overflow for you
Grace is spoken of as if it were a physical object of which a person can have more than he can use. As a person gives financially to other believers, God also gives to the giver everything he needs. AT: "God is able to give you more than you need" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-metaphor]])
Grace is spoken of as if it were a physical object of which a person can have more than he can use. As a person gives financially to other believers, God also gives to the giver everything he needs. AT: "God is able to give you more than you need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
# grace

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# we walk in the flesh
Here "walk" is an metaphor for "live" and "flesh" is a metonym for physical life. AT: "we live our lives in physical bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-metaphor]])
Here "walk" is an metaphor for "live" and "flesh" is a metonym for physical life. AT: "we live our lives in physical bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
# we do not wage war ... we fight

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@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ Both Paul and the Corinthians know the answer is no. This rhetorical question ca
# Did we not walk in the same way?
Paul speaks of living as if it were walking on a road. Both Paul and the Corinthians know the answer to the question is yes. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We all have the same attitude and live alike." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-metaphor]])
Paul speaks of living as if it were walking on a road. Both Paul and the Corinthians know the answer to the question is yes. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We all have the same attitude and live alike." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
# Did we not walk in the same steps?
Paul speaks of living as if it were walking on a road. Both Paul and the Corinthians know the answer to the question is yes. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We all do things the same way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-metaphor]])
Paul speaks of living as if it were walking on a road. Both Paul and the Corinthians know the answer to the question is yes. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We all do things the same way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Elisha caused an iron ax head to float. He fooled the whole army of Aram that wa
#### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####
##### Rhetorical question #####
The king's counselor expressed his unbelief in Elisha's prophecy of plenty of food: "See, even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven, can this thing happen?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unbeliever]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
The king's counselor expressed his unbelief in Elisha's prophecy of plenty of food: "See, even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven, can this thing happen?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
## Links: ##

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@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joash and Jehosheba hid him in the house
# land
This is a metonym for the people who live in the land. AT: "people of Judah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs-metonymy]])
This is a metonym for the people who live in the land. AT: "people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ This is the finishing of a small interruption about the house of God. (See: [[rc
David wanted to honor God by building him a temple. God told David that he would not build it, but his son would build it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
##### Covenant of David #####
God made a covenant with David that was not conditioned upon anything David or his descendants did. God promised that one of David's descendants would rule Israel forever. Because Israel would not have a king in the future, this promise did not begin at this time. The descendant, who would rule forever, is Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forever]])
God made a covenant with David that was not conditioned upon anything David or his descendants did. God promised that one of David's descendants would rule Israel forever. Because Israel would not have a king in the future, this promise did not begin at this time. The descendant, who would rule forever, is Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
## Links: ##

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@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Here the metonym "land" stands for the people of Israel. AT: "on behalf of the p
# the plague on Israel was confined
This can be translated in active form. AT: "God confined the plague that had been on Israel" or "God took the plague away from Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs-activepassive]])
This can be translated in active form. AT: "God confined the plague that had been on Israel" or "God took the plague away from Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "brot
# in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ
"Name" here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. AT: "as if our Lord Jesus Christ himself were speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
"Name" here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. AT: "as if our Lord Jesus Christ himself were speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
# our Lord

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This verse gives an update on the church's growth.
# word of God continued to spread
The writer speaks of the growing number of people who believed the word as if the word of God itself were covering a larger area. AT: "the number of people who believed the word of God increased" or "the number of people who believed the message from God increased" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-metaphor]])
The writer speaks of the growing number of people who believed the word as if the word of God itself were covering a larger area. AT: "the number of people who believed the word of God increased" or "the number of people who believed the message from God increased" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
# became obedient to the faith

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@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ The words "part" and "share" mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. AT:
# your heart is not right
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or motives. AT: "you are not right in your heart" or "the motives of your mind are not right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or motives. AT: "you are not right in your heart" or "the motives of your mind are not right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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# for the intention of your heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts. AT: "for what you intended to do" or "for what you were thinking of doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts. AT: "for what you intended to do" or "for what you were thinking of doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
# this wickedness

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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ The agent was either God or the Holy Spirit. This can be stated in active form.
# walking in the fear of the Lord
"Walking" here is a metaphor for "living." AT: "living in obedience to the Lord" or "continuing to honor the Lord" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-metaphor]])
"Walking" here is a metaphor for "living." AT: "living in obedience to the Lord" or "continuing to honor the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
# in the comfort of the Holy Spirit

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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### Unclean #####
The Jews believed uncleanliness could be spread by associating with a Gentile or visiting someone from another nation. This was according to the laws the Pharisees made and not according to the law of Moses. While it was possible that some contact could have made one unclean, the Pharisees prohibited any type of close contact with Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
The Jews believed uncleanliness could be spread by associating with a Gentile or visiting someone from another nation. This was according to the laws the Pharisees made and not according to the law of Moses. While it was possible that some contact could have made one unclean, the Pharisees prohibited any type of close contact with Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ####

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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ The Jews began persecuting Jesus' followers because Stephen had said and done th
# who had been scattered by the persecution
This can be translated in active form. AT: "whom the Jews had been persecuting and so had left Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs-activepassive]])
This can be translated in active form. AT: "whom the Jews had been persecuting and so had left Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
# the persecution that arose over Stephen

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# to walk in their own ways
Walking in a way, or walking on a path, is a metaphor for living one's life. AT: "to live their lives the way they wanted to" or "to do whatever they wanted to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-metaphor]])
Walking in a way, or walking on a path, is a metaphor for living one's life. AT: "to live their lives the way they wanted to" or "to do whatever they wanted to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ The Pharisees believed that, after death, people would be risen from the dead fo
#### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####
##### "Called a curse" #####
Some Jews made a promise to God that they would not eat or drink until they killed Paul, and asked God to curse them if they did not follow their promise. This is not something that would have pleased God, and they were clearly wrong for doing this. It is ironic that they used a holy vow in such an unholy way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unholy]])
Some Jews made a promise to God that they would not eat or drink until they killed Paul, and asked God to curse them if they did not follow their promise. This is not something that would have pleased God, and they were clearly wrong for doing this. It is ironic that they used a holy vow in such an unholy way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ####

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# walk in him
Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. The words "in him" refer to being in close relationship with Christ and so doing what pleases him. AT: "live your lives the way he wants you to" or "live so that people can see that you belong to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-metaphor]])
Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. The words "in him" refer to being in close relationship with Christ and so doing what pleases him. AT: "live your lives the way he wants you to" or "live so that people can see that you belong to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
# in the name of the Lord Jesus
Acting in the name of a person here is a metonym for acting to help other people think well of that person. AT: "to honor the Lord Jesus" or "so that others will know you belong to the Lord Jesus and think well of him" or "as if the Lord Jesus himself were doing it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
Acting in the name of a person here is a metonym for acting to help other people think well of that person. AT: "to honor the Lord Jesus" or "so that others will know you belong to the Lord Jesus and think well of him" or "as if the Lord Jesus himself were doing it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
# through him

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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This chapter begins with the word "therefore," which looks back to the instructi
#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### Eyewitnesses #####
The instruction that Moses gives and the retelling of the great things Yahweh has done for Israel are very important. This is because the generation entering into the Promised Land did not witness many of these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]])
The instruction that Moses gives and the retelling of the great things Yahweh has done for Israel are very important. This is because the generation entering into the Promised Land did not witness many of these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
##### Covenant #####
This chapter is included in the covenant God made with Moses, even though it is not explicitly said. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
This chapter is part of the law of Moses, which is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
##### Clean animals #####
There are animals which the law considered to be clean and unclean. The people were not allowed to eat the unclean animals. Scholars are uncertain about the reasons for the animals to be considered to be clean or unclean. The result of these food restrictions was a nation that was different than the nations surrounding it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]])
There are animals which the law considered to be clean and unclean. The people were not allowed to eat the unclean animals. Scholars are uncertain about the reasons for the animals to be considered to be clean or unclean. The result of these food restrictions was a nation that was different than the nations surrounding it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
## Links: ##

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#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### Witnesses #####
In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
##### King #####
Israel was not to have a king because Yahweh was their king. Knowing the sinfulness of the people, Yahweh anticipated that one day Israel would have a king. Therefore, this passage gives commands about their king prophetically. They were not allowed to collect chariots because they were a sign of earthly power and the king was to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

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Another way justice would be maintained in Israel was by avoiding revenge killings. This chapter describes the establishment of special cities to protect those fleeing from revenge killings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
##### Witnesses #####
In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]])
In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ####

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@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ This refers to a man by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "he is not co
# he is not buried
This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "no one buries him at all" or 2) he receives no honor, "no one buries him properly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] or [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-explicit]])
This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "no one buries him at all" or 2) he receives no honor, "no one buries him properly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

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# walk in love
Walking is a common way to express the idea of living one's life. AT: "live a life of love" or "always love each other" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-metaphor]])
Walking is a common way to express the idea of living one's life. AT: "live a life of love" or "always love each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
# a fragrant offering and sacrifice to God

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@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ Possible meanings are 1) these are songs that Holy Spirit inspires a person to s
# with all your heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or inner being. The phrase "with all your heart" means to do something with enthusiasm. AT: "with all of your being" or "enthusiastically" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or inner being. The phrase "with all your heart" means to do something with enthusiasm. AT: "with all of your being" or "enthusiastically" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The events of this chapter are known as the Passover. They are remembered in the
The concept of unleavened bread is introduced in this chapter. Its significance stems from its connection to the events in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]])
##### Ethnic segregation #####
The Hebrew people were to be separate from the rest of the world. Because of this, they separated themselves from other people groups. At this time, these foreigners were looked upon as unholy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unholy]])
The Hebrew people were to be separate from the rest of the world. Because of this, they separated themselves from other people groups. At this time, these foreigners were looked upon as unholy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links: ##

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##### Metaphor #####
Israel and Judah have been unfaithful to God by worshiping idols. They are compared to two unfaithful wives who have repeatedly committed adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
Israel and Judah have been unfaithful to God by worshiping idols. They are compared to two unfaithful wives who have repeatedly committed adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
## Links: ##

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@ -20,5 +20,5 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "I myself will be all that you need" or 2) "I will give
# reward
the result of a person's actions. This seems to be a metonym for the gracious blessing God would give Abram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
the result of a person's actions. This seems to be a metonym for the gracious blessing God would give Abram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/nation]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/peace]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/serve]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/servant]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/sheep]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/vision]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/abraham]]

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The three men who visited Abraham were probably angels. This is evident from Abraham's reaction to them. Also, it appears Abraham knew that he was speaking directly to Yahweh through these men. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/angel]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
##### Disbelief #####
When Sarah heard the news that she was going to have a baby, she laughed in disbelief because she was considered too old to have a baby. She also asked a rhetorical question in order to further show her disbelief. This would have been considered an insult to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unbeliever]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
When Sarah heard the news that she was going to have a baby, she laughed in disbelief because she was considered too old to have a baby. She also asked a rhetorical question in order to further show her disbelief. This would have been considered an insult to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
In his exchange with God, Abraham did not show any sign of unbelief. Instead, he is asking God for mercy because he trusted in the character of God. He does not question God's power to accomplish things as Sarah had done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/peoplegroup]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/prince]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/servant]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/serve]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/servant]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/tent]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/tribe]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/womb]]

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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/peoplegroup]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/rebel]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/servant]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/serve]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/servant]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/sword]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/wine]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/yoke]]

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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/mind]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/prosper]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/servant]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/serve]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/servant]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/sex]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/shame]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/sheep]]

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@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/rebuke]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/sacrifice]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/servant]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/serve]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/servant]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/sheep]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/tent]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/abraham]]

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his pe
The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen as possible only through divine power. Yahweh gave Joseph the power to interpret dreams in order to bring himself glory and to protect Joseph and the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
##### Joseph's character #####
Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph's ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph's character in this chapter is upright. It gained him great favor in the eyes of Pharaoh and helped to save his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]l, [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/upright]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph's ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph's character in this chapter is upright. It gained him great favor in the eyes of Pharaoh and helped to save his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]l, [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
## Links: ##

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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/peace]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/prostrate]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/servant]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/serve]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/servant]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/benjamin]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/egypt]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jacob]]

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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hades]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/iniquity]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lord]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/angry]]

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Embalming was practiced in Egypt on very important people when they died. They removed the liquids from the body then wrapped it in an attempt to preserve the body from decay.
##### Joseph's character #####
Joseph's character was so upright that Pharaoh's officials went with him to Canaan to bury Jacob. This was a very large funeral procession. He also learned lessons from earlier in his life and unified his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/upright]])
Joseph's character was so upright that Pharaoh's officials went with him to Canaan to bury Jacob. This was a very large funeral procession. He also learned lessons from earlier in his life and unified his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
## Links: ##

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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and
##### Injustice #####
Habakkuk sees great injustice, especially in the defeat of Israel by the Assyrians. He cries out to Yahweh to ask him to put an end to it. He is questioning Yahweh, but he trusts in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
Habakkuk sees great injustice, especially in the defeat of Israel by the Assyrians. He cries out to Yahweh to ask him to put an end to it. He is questioning Yahweh, but he trusts in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
##### Chaldeans #####
Yahweh will raise up the Chaldeans to bring justice to the Hebrew people. They will defeat the Assyrians. At this time, the Chaldeans were an insignificant city and people group. This was probably intended to show the power of Yahweh.

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and
#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### "The righteous will live by his faith" #####
This is an important phrase in Scripture. Paul also uses it to explain that man is justified by his faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
This is an important phrase in Scripture. Paul also uses it to explain that man is justified by his faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
## Links: ##

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of
#### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####
##### Unclean #####
Haggai uses an extended metaphor in this chapter related to ritual cleanliness. While the Jews were not unclean by nature as the Gentiles were, their actions made them unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]])
Haggai uses an extended metaphor in this chapter related to ritual cleanliness. While the Jews were not unclean by nature as the Gentiles were, their actions made them unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
## Links: ##

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# those ... who have been deceived
This can be stated in active form. AT: "those ... whom others have deceived" or "those ... who believe what is false" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs-activepassive]])
This can be stated in active form. AT: "those ... whom others have deceived" or "those ... who believe what is false" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
# who have been deceived

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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Jesus' role as high priest is explained in detail in this chapter. (See: [[rc://
The high priest was normally from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the ruling tribe, Judah. His right to be a priest came from the tradition of Melchizedek, who was a priest before the Levites came into existence. This passage will be difficult to understand if Genesis has not been translated first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
##### New Covenant #####
The author mentions the New Covenant and discusses Jesus' relationship to it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]])
The author mentions the New Covenant and discusses Jesus' relationship to it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
## Links: ##
* __[Hebrews 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__

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#### Structure and formatting ####
The author is still speaking about Jesus' role as the ultimate high priest. The author also begins to speak about how the new covenant is superior to the covenant God made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
The author is still speaking about Jesus' role as the ultimate high priest. The author also begins to speak about how the new covenant is superior to the covenant God made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 8:8-12, which are words from the OT.

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A will is a legal document that declares what will happen to a person's property after they die.
##### Blood #####
Blood played an important role in the Mosaic and New Covenants. In the Mosaic Covenant, it was the blood of the sacrifices which was significant. In the New Covenant, it is the blood of Jesus that is much more important by comparison. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
Blood played an important role in the Mosaic and New Covenants. In the Mosaic Covenant, it was the blood of the sacrifices which was significant. In the New Covenant, it is the blood of Jesus that is much more important by comparison. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
##### Return of Christ #####
The purpose of the return of Christ is to ultimately redeem the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]])

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#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
== God's judgment and reward==
Holy living is important for Christians. God will hold people accountable for how they lived their Christian life. Even though there will not be eternal condemnation for Christians, ungodly actions do and will have consequences. In addition, faithful living will be rewarded. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])
Holy living is important for Christians. God will hold people accountable for how they lived their Christian life. Even though there will not be eternal condemnation for Christians, ungodly actions do and will have consequences. In addition, faithful living will be rewarded. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])
#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ####

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#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### Hosea's marriage #####
God does not approve of prostitution, but he told Hosea to marry a prostitute so that the message of Israel's unfaithfulness would be shown to the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]])
God does not approve of prostitution, but he told Hosea to marry a prostitute so that the message of Israel's unfaithfulness would be shown to the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
Hosea's marriage to Gomer is a metaphor for the kingdom of Israel's relationship to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him. Gomer was a woman who was unfaithful to her husband and broke her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])

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#### Structure and formatting ####
This chapter continues using poetic forms to speak of Yahweh's anger over the sin of the people. The people are not seeking Yahweh; they are seeking other gods and looking for salvation from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]])
This chapter continues using poetic forms to speak of Yahweh's anger over the sin of the people. The people are not seeking Yahweh; they are seeking other gods and looking for salvation from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
#### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####

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@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Although this book tells what Hosea prophesied, it is uncertain whether Hosea wr
#### Why did God command Hosea to marry a prostitute? ####
God told Hosea to marry the prostitute Gomer. This represented how the kingdom of Israel related to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him. This is compared to a woman who is unfaithful to her husband and breaks her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
God told Hosea to marry the prostitute Gomer. This represented how the kingdom of Israel related to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him. This is compared to a woman who is unfaithful to her husband and breaks her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
#### What is a lawsuit? ####
@ -57,4 +57,4 @@ Hosea 4–14 has many problems of interpretation. Some phrases in Hosea are beyo
#### What does the term "Israel" mean in Hosea? ####
In Hosea, "Israel" is used only to refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. It is not used to refer to the southern kingdom or to the two kingdoms together. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/kingdomofisrael]])
In Hosea, "Israel" is used only to refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. It is not used to refer to the southern kingdom or to the two kingdoms together. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/kingdomofisrael]])

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# Their bows will strike down
Here "their bows" is a metonym for the soldiers who use the bows. AT: "Their soldiers will use bows and arrows to kill" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs-metonymy]])
Here "their bows" is a metonym for the soldiers who use the bows. AT: "Their soldiers will use bows and arrows to kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in this chapter.
This chapter continues the series of "woes." It speaks against ungodly or evil people in general. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
This chapter continues the series of "woes." It speaks against ungodly or evil people in general. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Links: ##

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#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ####
##### A day of salvation #####
It is unclear if this is a reference to the gospel proclaimed by the messiah or to the day of restoration of all things. The translator should not try to explain its reference to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
It is unclear if this is a reference to the gospel proclaimed by the messiah or to the day of restoration of all things. The translator should not try to explain its reference to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
## Links: ##

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# In righteousness you will be established
The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as the adjective "right." This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will cause you to be strong again because you will do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs-activepassive]])
The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as the adjective "right." This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will cause you to be strong again because you will do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
# it will not come near to you

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#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### In the end #####
In the end, Yahweh will enact his perfect justice. This is the true hope of this world. The new heaven and the new earth are an important part of this. In the end, this will be the perfect creation of Yahweh and will last forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forever]])
In the end, Yahweh will enact his perfect justice. This is the true hope of this world. The new heaven and the new earth are an important part of this. In the end, this will be the perfect creation of Yahweh and will last forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
## Links: ##

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It is wrong to show favoritism in the church. There were people who showed special favor (favoritism) towards rich and powerful people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
##### Justification #####
Justification means "the process of declaring someone righteous." There are two types of justification. One is to be declared righteous in the opinion of God and one is to be declared righteous in the opinion of other people. A person is not justified according to God by their actions. Abraham was declared righteous according to God by his faith. He was declared righteous according to other people when his actions showed his faith, by being willing to offer up his son Isaac as a sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
Justification means "the process of declaring someone righteous." There are two types of justification. One is to be declared righteous in the opinion of God and one is to be declared righteous in the opinion of other people. A person is not justified according to God by their actions. Abraham was declared righteous according to God by his faith. He was declared righteous according to other people when his actions showed his faith, by being willing to offer up his son Isaac as a sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ####

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# purify your hearts
Here "hearts" refers to a person's thoughts and emotions. AT: "make your thoughts and intentions right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
Here "hearts" refers to a person's thoughts and emotions. AT: "make your thoughts and intentions right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
# double-minded

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#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### Adultery #####
Adultery is a common metaphor in Scripture. It is always used negatively and indicates a child of God is acting in an ungodly manner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]])
Adultery is a common metaphor in Scripture. It is always used negatively and indicates a child of God is acting in an ungodly manner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
##### Law #####
It is unclear whether this is a reference to the law of Moses. It is probably a reference to the "law" of God in general. This is the general standard of righteousness based on the character of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ James uses many rhetorical questions to teach his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/ma
#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ####
##### "The humble" #####
This is probably not a reference to those who act humbly, but a reference to those who humble themselves and trust in Jesus for their salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]])
This is probably not a reference to those who act humbly, but a reference to those who humble themselves and trust in Jesus for their salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
## Links: ##

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# spoke in the name of the Lord
"Name" here is a metonym for the person of the Lord. AT: "by the authority of the Lord" or "spoke for the Lord to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
"Name" here is a metonym for the person of the Lord. AT: "by the authority of the Lord" or "spoke for the Lord to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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# in the name of the Lord
"Name" is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. AT: "by the authority of the Lord" or "with the authority that the Lord has given hthem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
"Name" is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. AT: "by the authority of the Lord" or "with the authority that the Lord has given hthem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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# The prayer of faith will heal the sick person
The writer speaks of God hearing believers pray for sick people and healing those people as if the prayers themselves healed the people. AT: "The Lord will hear the prayer of faith and will heal the sick person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])
The writer speaks of God hearing believers pray for sick people and healing those people as if the prayers themselves healed the people. AT: "The Lord will hear the prayer of faith and will heal the sick person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
# The prayer of faith

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@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "James." Or t
#### Did James disagree with Paul about how a person is justified before God? ####
Paul taught in Romans that Christians are justified by faith and not by works. James seems to teach that Christians are justified by works. This can be confusing. But a better understanding of what Paul and James taught shows that they agree with one another. Both of them taught that a person needs faith in order to be justified. And they both taught that true faith will cause a person to do good works. Paul and James taught about these things in different ways because they had different audiences who needed to know different things about being justified. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
Paul taught in Romans that Christians are justified by faith and not by works. James seems to teach that Christians are justified by works. This can be confusing. But a better understanding of what Paul and James taught shows that they agree with one another. Both of them taught that a person needs faith in order to be justified. And they both taught that true faith will cause a person to do good works. Paul and James taught about these things in different ways because they had different audiences who needed to know different things about being justified. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ##

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This chapter pictures Jerusalem as having a funeral with its typical songs. This is an image used to describe their destruction. It is a time of great sadness.
##### Circumcision #####
Circumcision is used here in an unusual way. Since circumcision was intended to be a display of faith, the author uses the term to differentiate between those who have faith in Yahweh and those who don't. This is a type of metaphor. Those who have a circumcised heart have faith in Yahweh while those with an uncircumcised heart do not have faith in Yahweh, regardless of whether they are physically circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/uncircumcised]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
Circumcision is used here in an unusual way. Since circumcision was intended to be a display of faith, the author uses the term to differentiate between those who have faith in Yahweh and those who don't. This is a type of metaphor. Those who have a circumcised heart have faith in Yahweh while those with an uncircumcised heart do not have faith in Yahweh, regardless of whether they are physically circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
## Links: ##

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##### The New Covenant #####
This chapter is an important teaching regarding the New Covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
This chapter is an important teaching regarding the New Covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ####

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# I will give them into the hand of their enemies
The word "hand" here is a metonym for the power or control that the enemies will exercise using their hands. AT; "I will allow their enemies to have complete control over them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs-metonymy]])
The word "hand" here is a metonym for the power or control that the enemies will exercise using their hands. AT; "I will allow their enemies to have complete control over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
# seeking their lives

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##### Surrender and live #####
If the king obeyed God and surrendered to the Babylonians, he would be allowed to live and the city would not be burned. But if he refused, he would be captured and the city burned. This took faith that Yahweh was using this ungodly, Gentile nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]])
If the king obeyed God and surrendered to the Babylonians, he would be allowed to live and the city would not be burned. But if he refused, he would be captured and the city burned. This took faith that Yahweh was using this ungodly, Gentile nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
## Links: ##

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#### What is the New Covenant that is presented in the Book of Jeremiah? ####
Jeremiah introduced a "new covenant" between Yahweh and Israel (chapter 31). Yahweh would "write this covenant on the hearts" of the people. This means that the covenant would be a part of the people instead of just written on stone or paper. The people would obey the new covenant with all their heart. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]])
Jeremiah introduced a "new covenant" between Yahweh and Israel (chapter 31). Yahweh would "write this covenant on the hearts" of the people. This means that the covenant would be a part of the people instead of just written on stone or paper. The people would obey the new covenant with all their heart. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
#### What relationship do Jeremiah's prophecies have to the other nations besides Israel? ####

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ John 4:4-38 forms one story centered on the teaching of Jesus as the "living wat
#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### "It was necessary for him to pass through Samaria" #####
Normally, the Jews would have avoided traveling through the region of Samaria. The Samaritans were viewed as ungodly people because they were descendants of the northern kingdom of Israel who intermarried with pagan peoples. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/kingdomofisrael]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
Normally, the Jews would have avoided traveling through the region of Samaria. The Samaritans were viewed as ungodly people because they were descendants of the northern kingdom of Israel who intermarried with pagan peoples. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/kingdomofisrael]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
##### The proper place of worship #####
One of the greatest sins committed by the Samaritan people in history was that they set up a false temple in their territory to rival the temple in Jerusalem. This is the mountain the woman refers to in [John 4:20](./19.md). The Jews rightly demanded that all Israelites worship in Jerusalem because that was where Yahweh lived. Jesus explains that the location of the temple does not matter anymore. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

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# You do not have his word remaining in you
Jesus speaks of people living according to God's word as if they were houses and God's word were a person that lived in houses. AT: "You do not live according to his word" or "You do not obey his word" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-metaphor]])
Jesus speaks of people living according to God's word as if they were houses and God's word were a person that lived in houses. AT: "You do not live according to his word" or "You do not obey his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
# his word

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# no longer walked with him
Jesus went from one place to another by walking, so it is literally true that they did not walk where and when he walked, but the reader should also be able to understand that this metaphor indicates that they no longer wanted to hear what he had to say. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-metaphor]])
Jesus went from one place to another by walking, so it is literally true that they did not walk where and when he walked, but the reader should also be able to understand that this metaphor indicates that they no longer wanted to hear what he had to say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
# his disciples

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Translators may wish to include a note at verse 1 to explain to the reader why t
#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### Light #####
Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]])
Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
##### "I am ... " #####

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# wash ... washed
You may need to make explicit that Jesus wanted him to wash the mud off of his eyes in the pool and that that is what the man did. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-explicit]])
You may need to make explicit that Jesus wanted him to wash the mud off of his eyes in the pool and that that is what the man did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
# which is translated "Sent"

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John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name Yahweh at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am."
##### Light #####
Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]])
Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
##### "He does not keep the Sabbath" #####
The Pharisees considered Jesus making the mud to be "work" and in violation of the laws regarding the Sabbath. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])

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