diff --git a/isa/03/01.md b/isa/03/01.md index 4f435060c9..d35810912a 100644 --- a/isa/03/01.md +++ b/isa/03/01.md @@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ Both of these words refer to a walking stick, on which someone leans for support This is a list of categories of people that others depend on. Since they do not refer to particular individuals, they can all be translated with plural nouns as in the UDB. AT: "the mighty men ... the skillful enchanters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -# those who practice divination +# the one who practices divination -These are people who claim that they can tell the future by looking at things like animal parts and leaves. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:6](../02/05.md). +This is a person who claims that he can tell the future by looking at things like animal parts and leaves. See how you translated similar words in [Isaiah 2:6](../02/05.md). # the captain of fifty diff --git a/job/10/15.md b/job/10/15.md index 64c974dd55..5078ca7e51 100644 --- a/job/10/15.md +++ b/job/10/15.md @@ -6,10 +6,6 @@ "how terrible will it be for me" -# even if I were righteous - -"even if I always did things rightly" - # lift up my head This idiom means to be sure or confident. AT: "hold my head up" or "be confident" or "be sure about myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -42,7 +38,7 @@ This idiom means to become self-confident or proud. AT: "If I become proud" (See Possible meanings of this simile are 1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or 2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -# once again you show yourself powerful to me +# again you would show yourself with marvellous acts of power against me This phrase expresses irony in how God displays his marvelous power by acting to harm Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) diff --git a/job/21/22.md b/job/21/22.md index 1700564881..eaddaebb79 100644 --- a/job/21/22.md +++ b/job/21/22.md @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Both of these phrases mean that the person is very healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/m The word for "milk" may mean "fat." Either rendering means he is well-fed. AT: "His body if full of fat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -# the marrow of his bones is moistened and in good health +# the marrow of his bones is moist This idiom means his body is youthful and healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/job/39/09.md b/job/39/09.md index 348b922e4c..98241da617 100644 --- a/job/39/09.md +++ b/job/39/09.md @@ -30,21 +30,21 @@ This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He will not consent to stay something that holds food so that animals can eat it -# With a rope, can you control the wild ox to plow the furrows? +# Can you use ropes to hold the wild ox in the furrows? This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot control the wild ox with a rope in order to plow furrows in your fields." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -# With a rope +# ropes -a rope was tied to the animal's head or neck in order to lead it +Farmers would tie ropes to animals' heads or necks in order to lead them. # furrows These are long channels made in the dirt while plowing. See how you translated this in [Job 31:38](../31/38.md). -# Will he harrow the valleys for you? +# Will he harrow the valleys as he follows after you? -This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He will never harrow the valleys for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He will never harrow the valleys as he follows after you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) # harrow diff --git a/jol/01/05.md b/jol/01/05.md index 5fb44ce441..84ec469299 100644 --- a/jol/01/05.md +++ b/jol/01/05.md @@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ These two lines share similar meanings. The reference to the locusts' teeth bein Yahweh's land, vineyard, and fig tree -# terrifying +# desolate -Those who see the land are very afraid because the invading nation has completely destroyed it. +empty and without life # translationWords diff --git a/jos/10/40.md b/jos/10/40.md index 156ed74243..fb7313df8e 100644 --- a/jos/10/40.md +++ b/jos/10/40.md @@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the complete destruction that the people of Israel accomplished at Yahweh's command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -# Joshua struck them with the sword - -The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. AT: "Joshua killed and destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - # translationWords * [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/joshua]] diff --git a/jud/01/03.md b/jud/01/03.md index 7b84e07965..6c608e505c 100644 --- a/jud/01/03.md +++ b/jud/01/03.md @@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ The word "our" in this letter includes both Jude and believers. (See: [[rc://en/ This can also be put into the active voice. AT: "men whom God chose to condemn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# who pervert the grace of our God into sensuality +# who have changed the grace of our God into sensuality -God's grace is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be changed into something horrible. AT: "who change the grace of our God into filthy lust" or "who teach that God's grace permits one to continue to live in sexual sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God's grace is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be changed into something horrible. AT: "who teach that God's grace permits one to continue to live in sexual sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ diff --git a/lam/03/16.md b/lam/03/16.md index 80a2076851..a69394992f 100644 --- a/lam/03/16.md +++ b/lam/03/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,14 @@ -# He crushed my teeth with gravel +# He has made my teeth grind with gravel Possible meanings are 1) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had forced him to chew gravel. AT: "He has humiliated me, like someone who forces another to chew gravel" or 2) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed his face down into the gravel on the ground. AT: "He has humiliated me, like someone who pushes another man's face down into the gravel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# he has pushed me down into the dust +# he made me cower in the ashes -The author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed him down into the dust on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed him down into the ashes of a fire on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cower + +make oneself as small as possible because of fear of something one cannot fight against # My soul is deprived of peace diff --git a/lam/04/04.md b/lam/04/04.md index 2d9d8b66e6..3860eb81ec 100644 --- a/lam/04/04.md +++ b/lam/04/04.md @@ -2,21 +2,25 @@ "Nursing babies are so thirsty that their tongues stick to the top of their mouths" -# The ones who used to feast on expensive food +# feast on -"The ones who used to eat a lot of expensive food" +"eat much" # now starve in the streets These people no longer have homes, so they live outside along the streets. -# those who were brought up wearing purple clothing +# Those who were brought up wearing luxurious clothing -Wearing purple clothes was a sign that a person was wealthy. This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who grew up wearing purple clothing" or "those who wore expensive clothing when they were growing up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who grew up wearing luxurious clothing" or "those who wore luxurious clothing when they were growing up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# now lie upon piles of garbage +# luxurious -These people no longer have homes and soft beds, so they sleep on piles of garbage. +expensive and comfortable + +# now lie on piles of ashes + +This is because they no longer have homes and soft beds. # translationWords diff --git a/lev/20/19.md b/lev/20/19.md index 2e76b393e9..0d70f4947b 100644 --- a/lev/20/19.md +++ b/lev/20/19.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This is a polite way of saying that he had sex with his aunt. Some languages use The idiom "carry your own guilt" means "you are responsible for your own sin." AT: "You are responsible for your sin" or "I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -# I will take away any inheritance their children might receive from their parents +# I will take away from their children any property they may have inherited from their parents Many versions of the Bible translate this as "they will die childless." diff --git a/lev/22/14.md b/lev/22/14.md index c641385858..349dcceb81 100644 --- a/lev/22/14.md +++ b/lev/22/14.md @@ -6,10 +6,6 @@ Possible meanings are 1) that the person had to replace the food that he had eat This is one part out of five equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -# must not dishonor the holy things - -This can be stated in positive form. AT: "must treat the holy things with honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) - # that they have raised high and presented The phrase "raised high" refers to a symbolic gesture of respect that represents offering something to Yahweh. It means basically the same thing as "presented." AT: "that they have offered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) diff --git a/lev/23/09.md b/lev/23/09.md index c775925232..a5861e7141 100644 --- a/lev/23/09.md +++ b/lev/23/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# a sheaf of its firstfruits - -"the first sheaf" or "the first bundle of grain." A "sheaf" is a bunch of grain that a person has tied together. - # for it to be accepted This can be stated in active form. AT: "for Yahweh to accept it" or "and I will accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/luk/18/13.md b/luk/18/13.md index af0a08c465..c5fd036349 100644 --- a/luk/18/13.md +++ b/luk/18/13.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ To "lift up his eyes" means to look at something. AT: "look toward heaven" or "l This is a physical expression of great sorrow, and shows this man's repentance and humility. AT: "hit his breast to show his sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -# God, be merciful to me, a sinner +# God, have mercy on me, a sinner "God, please be merciful to me. I am a sinner" or "God, please have mercy on me even though I have committed many sins" diff --git a/mat/11/25.md b/mat/11/25.md index 050f274d03..2d62b7735b 100644 --- a/mat/11/25.md +++ b/mat/11/25.md @@ -30,13 +30,9 @@ Jesus is using irony. He does not think these people are really wise. AT: "peopl "made them known." The pronoun "them" refers to "these things" earlier in this verse. -# to those who are untaught +# to little children -"to those who are ignorant" - -# like little children - -Jesus compares ignorant people to little children. Jesus is emphasizing that many of those who believe him either are not well educated or do not think of themselves as wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Jesus compares ignorant people to little children. Jesus is emphasizing that many of those who believe him either are not well educated or do not think of themselves as wise. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-metaphor]]) # for so it was well-pleasing in your sight diff --git a/mat/18/07.md b/mat/18/07.md index 70677d021b..e1295baccd 100644 --- a/mat/18/07.md +++ b/mat/18/07.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Jesus continues to use a little child to teach the disciples and warns against t Here "world" refers to people. AT: "to the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# times of stumbling ... those times come ... the person through whom those times come +# stumbling blocks ... those stumbling blocks come ... the person through whom those stumbling blocks come Here "stumbling" is a metaphor for sin. AT: "things that cause people to sin ... things come that cause people to sin ... any person who causes others to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/mic/04/11.md b/mic/04/11.md index 0f60c70595..247644ad65 100644 --- a/mic/04/11.md +++ b/mic/04/11.md @@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ This can be translated in active form. AT: "Let us defile her" (See: [[rc://en/t The eye is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "let us gloat over Zion" or "let us enjoy watching the invaders destroy Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -# for he has gathered them like sheaves for the threshing floor +# for he has gathered them like bundles of grain prepared for the threshing floor -The farmer puts his sheaves on his threshing floor just before he threshes them. In a similar way, Yahweh will soon destroy the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh being ready to destroy the nations as if Yahweh were a farmer who has put his bundles of grain on his threshing floor and is now ready to thresh them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) # translationWords diff --git a/mrk/10/05.md b/mrk/10/05.md index 41632b22a1..3e62aab290 100644 --- a/mrk/10/05.md +++ b/mrk/10/05.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ In some languages speakers do not interrupt a quote to say who is speaking. Rather they say who is speaking at the beginning or end of the complete quote. AT: "Jesus said to them, 'It was because ... this law. But" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) -# because your hard hearts that he wrote you this law +# because of your hard hearts that he wrote you this law Long before this time, Moses wrote this law for the Jews and their descendants because they had hard hearts. The Jews of Jesus' time also had hard hearts, so Jesus included them by using the words "your" and "you." AT: "because your ancestors and you had hard hearts that he wrote this law" diff --git a/php/03/01.md b/php/03/01.md index 241b299fe6..279e4a21b0 100644 --- a/php/03/01.md +++ b/php/03/01.md @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ The word "dogs" was used by the Jews to refer to those who were not Jews. They w Paul is exaggerating about the act of circumcision to insult the false teachers. The false teachers said God will only save a person who is circumcised, who cuts off the foreskin. This action was required by the law of Moses for all male Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# For we are +# For it is we who are Paul uses "we" to refer to himself and all true believers in Christ, including the Philippian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) diff --git a/php/03/06.md b/php/03/06.md index e76f969196..a5ee32f743 100644 --- a/php/03/06.md +++ b/php/03/06.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Paul is referring here to the praise he received for being an eager Pharisee. He These are common business terms. If many people in your culture do not understand formal business terms, you could translate these terms as "things that made my life better" and "things that made my life worse." -# I considered them as loss +# I have considered them as loss Paul speaks of that praise as if he were now viewing it as a business loss instead of a profit. In other words, Paul says that all his religious acts of righteousness are worthless before Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/pro/01/15.md b/pro/01/15.md index c4cfdff02e..34f022756c 100644 --- a/pro/01/15.md +++ b/pro/01/15.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Here "feet" represents the whole person. AT: "they run" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/t Here "blood" represents a person's life. To "shed blood" means to murder someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# For it is useless to spread ... is watching +# For it is useless to spread the net in the sight of any bird This metaphor compares the wisdom of birds who avoid traps that they see to the foolishness of sinners who get caught in traps they make for themselves. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/psa/058/009.md b/psa/058/009.md index d0ea6250ab..b7a312bdc6 100644 --- a/psa/058/009.md +++ b/psa/058/009.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The wicked are spoken of as if they were thornbush branches, and God's swift pun David is speaking to God's people, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -# the thorn's burning heat... the green thorns and the burning thorns +# the thorn's burning heat ... the green thorns and the burning thorns "the heat from the burning thorn branches ... the green thorn branches and the burning thorn branches" diff --git a/rev/01/09.md b/rev/01/09.md index 60dfe3d70b..56366666e3 100644 --- a/rev/01/09.md +++ b/rev/01/09.md @@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ This can be stated as a separate sentence. AT: "I, John, am your brother who who "the message that God spoke." Translate as in [Revelation 1:2](../01.md). -# the testimony about Jesus Christ +# the testimony about Jesus -"the testimony that God has given about Jesus Christ." Translate as in [Revelation 1:2](../01.md). +"the testimony that God has given about Jesus." Translate as in [Revelation 1:2](../01.md). # I was in the Spirit diff --git a/rev/03/03.md b/rev/03/03.md index 876fc6c022..084a027bea 100644 --- a/rev/03/03.md +++ b/rev/03/03.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Jesus will come at a time when people do not expect him, just as a thief comes w The word "names" is a metonym for the people themselves. AT: "a few people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# did not make their clothes dirty +# have not stained their clothes Jesus speaks of sin in a person's life as if it were dirty clothes. AT: "have not made their lives sinful like dirty clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/rev/04/09.md b/rev/04/09.md index 757259c95f..87fdc86f0d 100644 --- a/rev/04/09.md +++ b/rev/04/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# the one who was seated on the throne, the one who lives forever and ever +# the one who sits on the throne, the one who lives forever and ever -This is one person. The one who was seated on the throne lives forever and ever. +This is one person. The one who sits on the throne lives forever and ever. # forever and ever @@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ These two words mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. AT: "fo "24 elders." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -# prostrated themselves +# fall down -They lay down facing the ground. +They purposely lie down facing the ground to show that they are worshiping. # They lay their crowns before the throne diff --git a/rom/01/01.md b/rom/01/01.md index 1b60f11731..d1f8f43f56 100644 --- a/rom/01/01.md +++ b/rom/01/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. You may also need to tell in this same verse who the people are to whom Paul wrote the letter ([Romans 1:7](./07.md)). AT: "I, Paul, wrote this letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -# called to be an apostle, and set apart for the gospel of God +# called to be an apostle and set apart for the gospel of God You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God called me to be an apostle and chose me to tell people about the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God called me to be an apostle an This means that God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus. -# This is the gospel—that he promised beforehand by his prophets in the holy scriptures +# which he promised beforehand by his prophets in the holy scriptures God promised his people that he would set up his kingdom. He told the prophets to write these promises in the Scriptures. -# which is about his Son +# concerning his Son This refers to "the gospel of God," the good news that God promised to send his Son into the world. diff --git a/rom/01/04.md b/rom/01/04.md index d4af1d0d9d..4802e029a1 100644 --- a/rom/01/04.md +++ b/rom/01/04.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ Paul talks here about his obligation to preach. -# he was declared to be the Son of God +# he was declared with power to be the Son of God -The word "he" refers to Jesus Christ. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God declared him to be the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "he" refers to Jesus Christ. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God declared him with power to be the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # by the resurrection from the dead diff --git a/rom/06/08.md b/rom/06/08.md index fbde31cb12..55d1e2aba6 100644 --- a/rom/06/08.md +++ b/rom/06/08.md @@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ Here "died" refers to the fact that believers are no longer controlled by sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -# We know that Christ has been raised from the dead +# We know that since Christ has been raised from the dead -Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "We know God brought Christ back to life after he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "We know since God brought Christ back to life after he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) # from the dead From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To be raised from among them is to become alive again. -# Death no longer rules over him +# death no longer has authority over him Here "death" is described as a king or ruler that has power over people. AT: "He can never die again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) diff --git a/zec/11/07.md b/zec/11/07.md index 636e13dd4f..27aa23cd7b 100644 --- a/zec/11/07.md +++ b/zec/11/07.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Other versions of the Bible translate this word as "grace," "beauty," or "pleasant." -# I ran out of patience with them +# I became impatient with them, Possible meanings are 1) "them" refers to the three shepherds or 2) "them" refers to the sheep owners.