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# Connecting Statement:
Paul reminds the believers of their past and the way they now are before God.
# you were dead in your trespasses and sins
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This shows how sinful people are unable to obey God in the same way a dead person is unable to respond physically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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# your trespasses and sins
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The words "trespasses" and "sins" have similar meanings. Paul uses them together to emphasize the greatness of the people's sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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# according to the ways of this world
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The apostles also used "world" to refer to the selfish behaviors and corrupt values of the people living in this world. AT: "according to the values of people living in the world" or "following the principles of this present world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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# the ruler of the authorities of the air
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This refers to the devil or Satan.
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# the spirit that is working
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"the spirit of Satan, who is working"
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# the desires of the body and of the mind
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The words "body" and "mind" represent the entire person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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# children of wrath
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people with whom God is angry (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
# translationWords
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* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]]
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* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trespass]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]
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* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/walk]]
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* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/world]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/ruler]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/authority]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/disobey]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unbeliever]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wrath]]
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